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1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4  *
5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10  *
11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15  * accompanied this code).
16  *
17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20  *
21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
23  * questions.
24  */
25 
26 package java.util;
27 
28 import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
29 
30 /**
31  * An ordered collection (also known as a <i>sequence</i>).  The user of this
32  * interface has precise control over where in the list each element is
33  * inserted.  The user can access elements by their integer index (position in
34  * the list), and search for elements in the list.<p>
35  *
36  * Unlike sets, lists typically allow duplicate elements.  More formally,
37  * lists typically allow pairs of elements <tt>e1</tt> and <tt>e2</tt>
38  * such that <tt>e1.equals(e2)</tt>, and they typically allow multiple
39  * null elements if they allow null elements at all.  It is not inconceivable
40  * that someone might wish to implement a list that prohibits duplicates, by
41  * throwing runtime exceptions when the user attempts to insert them, but we
42  * expect this usage to be rare.<p>
43  *
44  * The <tt>List</tt> interface places additional stipulations, beyond those
45  * specified in the <tt>Collection</tt> interface, on the contracts of the
46  * <tt>iterator</tt>, <tt>add</tt>, <tt>remove</tt>, <tt>equals</tt>, and
47  * <tt>hashCode</tt> methods.  Declarations for other inherited methods are
48  * also included here for convenience.<p>
49  *
50  * The <tt>List</tt> interface provides four methods for positional (indexed)
51  * access to list elements.  Lists (like Java arrays) are zero based.  Note
52  * that these operations may execute in time proportional to the index value
53  * for some implementations (the <tt>LinkedList</tt> class, for
54  * example). Thus, iterating over the elements in a list is typically
55  * preferable to indexing through it if the caller does not know the
56  * implementation.<p>
57  *
58  * The <tt>List</tt> interface provides a special iterator, called a
59  * <tt>ListIterator</tt>, that allows element insertion and replacement, and
60  * bidirectional access in addition to the normal operations that the
61  * <tt>Iterator</tt> interface provides.  A method is provided to obtain a
62  * list iterator that starts at a specified position in the list.<p>
63  *
64  * The <tt>List</tt> interface provides two methods to search for a specified
65  * object.  From a performance standpoint, these methods should be used with
66  * caution.  In many implementations they will perform costly linear
67  * searches.<p>
68  *
69  * The <tt>List</tt> interface provides two methods to efficiently insert and
70  * remove multiple elements at an arbitrary point in the list.<p>
71  *
72  * Note: While it is permissible for lists to contain themselves as elements,
73  * extreme caution is advised: the <tt>equals</tt> and <tt>hashCode</tt>
74  * methods are no longer well defined on such a list.
75  *
76  * <p>Some list implementations have restrictions on the elements that
77  * they may contain.  For example, some implementations prohibit null elements,
78  * and some have restrictions on the types of their elements.  Attempting to
79  * add an ineligible element throws an unchecked exception, typically
80  * <tt>NullPointerException</tt> or <tt>ClassCastException</tt>.  Attempting
81  * to query the presence of an ineligible element may throw an exception,
82  * or it may simply return false; some implementations will exhibit the former
83  * behavior and some will exhibit the latter.  More generally, attempting an
84  * operation on an ineligible element whose completion would not result in
85  * the insertion of an ineligible element into the list may throw an
86  * exception or it may succeed, at the option of the implementation.
87  * Such exceptions are marked as "optional" in the specification for this
88  * interface.
89  *
90  * <p>This interface is a member of the
91  * <a href="{@docRoot}openjdk-redirect.html?v=8&path=/technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
92  * Java Collections Framework</a>.
93  *
94  * @param <E> the type of elements in this list
95  *
96  * @author  Josh Bloch
97  * @author  Neal Gafter
98  * @see Collection
99  * @see Set
100  * @see ArrayList
101  * @see LinkedList
102  * @see Vector
103  * @see Arrays#asList(Object[])
104  * @see Collections#nCopies(int, Object)
105  * @see Collections#EMPTY_LIST
106  * @see AbstractList
107  * @see AbstractSequentialList
108  * @since 1.2
109  */
110 
111 public interface List<E> extends Collection<E> {
112     // Query Operations
113 
114     /**
115      * Returns the number of elements in this list.  If this list contains
116      * more than <tt>Integer.MAX_VALUE</tt> elements, returns
117      * <tt>Integer.MAX_VALUE</tt>.
118      *
119      * @return the number of elements in this list
120      */
size()121     int size();
122 
123     /**
124      * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list contains no elements.
125      *
126      * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list contains no elements
127      */
isEmpty()128     boolean isEmpty();
129 
130     /**
131      * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list contains the specified element.
132      * More formally, returns <tt>true</tt> if and only if this list contains
133      * at least one element <tt>e</tt> such that
134      * <tt>(o==null&nbsp;?&nbsp;e==null&nbsp;:&nbsp;o.equals(e))</tt>.
135      *
136      * @param o element whose presence in this list is to be tested
137      * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list contains the specified element
138      * @throws ClassCastException if the type of the specified element
139      *         is incompatible with this list
140      * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
141      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
142      *         list does not permit null elements
143      * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
144      */
contains(Object o)145     boolean contains(Object o);
146 
147     /**
148      * Returns an iterator over the elements in this list in proper sequence.
149      *
150      * @return an iterator over the elements in this list in proper sequence
151      */
iterator()152     Iterator<E> iterator();
153 
154     /**
155      * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list in proper
156      * sequence (from first to last element).
157      *
158      * <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are
159      * maintained by this list.  (In other words, this method must
160      * allocate a new array even if this list is backed by an array).
161      * The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.
162      *
163      * <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based
164      * APIs.
165      *
166      * @return an array containing all of the elements in this list in proper
167      *         sequence
168      * @see Arrays#asList(Object[])
169      */
toArray()170     Object[] toArray();
171 
172     /**
173      * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list in
174      * proper sequence (from first to last element); the runtime type of
175      * the returned array is that of the specified array.  If the list fits
176      * in the specified array, it is returned therein.  Otherwise, a new
177      * array is allocated with the runtime type of the specified array and
178      * the size of this list.
179      *
180      * <p>If the list fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e.,
181      * the array has more elements than the list), the element in the array
182      * immediately following the end of the list is set to <tt>null</tt>.
183      * (This is useful in determining the length of the list <i>only</i> if
184      * the caller knows that the list does not contain any null elements.)
185      *
186      * <p>Like the {@link #toArray()} method, this method acts as bridge between
187      * array-based and collection-based APIs.  Further, this method allows
188      * precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may,
189      * under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs.
190      *
191      * <p>Suppose <tt>x</tt> is a list known to contain only strings.
192      * The following code can be used to dump the list into a newly
193      * allocated array of <tt>String</tt>:
194      *
195      * <pre>
196      *     String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);</pre>
197      *
198      * Note that <tt>toArray(new Object[0])</tt> is identical in function to
199      * <tt>toArray()</tt>.
200      *
201      * @param a the array into which the elements of this list are to
202      *          be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the
203      *          same runtime type is allocated for this purpose.
204      * @return an array containing the elements of this list
205      * @throws ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array
206      *         is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in
207      *         this list
208      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null
209      */
toArray(T[] a)210     <T> T[] toArray(T[] a);
211 
212 
213     // Modification Operations
214 
215     /**
216      * Appends the specified element to the end of this list (optional
217      * operation).
218      *
219      * <p>Lists that support this operation may place limitations on what
220      * elements may be added to this list.  In particular, some
221      * lists will refuse to add null elements, and others will impose
222      * restrictions on the type of elements that may be added.  List
223      * classes should clearly specify in their documentation any restrictions
224      * on what elements may be added.
225      *
226      * @param e element to be appended to this list
227      * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
228      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>add</tt> operation
229      *         is not supported by this list
230      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
231      *         prevents it from being added to this list
232      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
233      *         list does not permit null elements
234      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of this element
235      *         prevents it from being added to this list
236      */
add(E e)237     boolean add(E e);
238 
239     /**
240      * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list,
241      * if it is present (optional operation).  If this list does not contain
242      * the element, it is unchanged.  More formally, removes the element with
243      * the lowest index <tt>i</tt> such that
244      * <tt>(o==null&nbsp;?&nbsp;get(i)==null&nbsp;:&nbsp;o.equals(get(i)))</tt>
245      * (if such an element exists).  Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list
246      * contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this list changed
247      * as a result of the call).
248      *
249      * @param o element to be removed from this list, if present
250      * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list contained the specified element
251      * @throws ClassCastException if the type of the specified element
252      *         is incompatible with this list
253      * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
254      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
255      *         list does not permit null elements
256      * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
257      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>remove</tt> operation
258      *         is not supported by this list
259      */
remove(Object o)260     boolean remove(Object o);
261 
262 
263     // Bulk Modification Operations
264 
265     /**
266      * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list contains all of the elements of the
267      * specified collection.
268      *
269      * @param  c collection to be checked for containment in this list
270      * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list contains all of the elements of the
271      *         specified collection
272      * @throws ClassCastException if the types of one or more elements
273      *         in the specified collection are incompatible with this
274      *         list
275      * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
276      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection contains one
277      *         or more null elements and this list does not permit null
278      *         elements
279      *         (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>),
280      *         or if the specified collection is null
281      * @see #contains(Object)
282      */
containsAll(Collection<?> c)283     boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c);
284 
285     /**
286      * Appends all of the elements in the specified collection to the end of
287      * this list, in the order that they are returned by the specified
288      * collection's iterator (optional operation).  The behavior of this
289      * operation is undefined if the specified collection is modified while
290      * the operation is in progress.  (Note that this will occur if the
291      * specified collection is this list, and it's nonempty.)
292      *
293      * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this list
294      * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list changed as a result of the call
295      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>addAll</tt> operation
296      *         is not supported by this list
297      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of an element of the specified
298      *         collection prevents it from being added to this list
299      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection contains one
300      *         or more null elements and this list does not permit null
301      *         elements, or if the specified collection is null
302      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of an element of the
303      *         specified collection prevents it from being added to this list
304      * @see #add(Object)
305      */
addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)306     boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c);
307 
308     /**
309      * Inserts all of the elements in the specified collection into this
310      * list at the specified position (optional operation).  Shifts the
311      * element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent
312      * elements to the right (increases their indices).  The new elements
313      * will appear in this list in the order that they are returned by the
314      * specified collection's iterator.  The behavior of this operation is
315      * undefined if the specified collection is modified while the
316      * operation is in progress.  (Note that this will occur if the specified
317      * collection is this list, and it's nonempty.)
318      *
319      * @param index index at which to insert the first element from the
320      *              specified collection
321      * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this list
322      * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list changed as a result of the call
323      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>addAll</tt> operation
324      *         is not supported by this list
325      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of an element of the specified
326      *         collection prevents it from being added to this list
327      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection contains one
328      *         or more null elements and this list does not permit null
329      *         elements, or if the specified collection is null
330      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of an element of the
331      *         specified collection prevents it from being added to this list
332      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
333      *         (<tt>index &lt; 0 || index &gt; size()</tt>)
334      */
addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c)335     boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c);
336 
337     /**
338      * Removes from this list all of its elements that are contained in the
339      * specified collection (optional operation).
340      *
341      * @param c collection containing elements to be removed from this list
342      * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list changed as a result of the call
343      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>removeAll</tt> operation
344      *         is not supported by this list
345      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of an element of this list
346      *         is incompatible with the specified collection
347      * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
348      * @throws NullPointerException if this list contains a null element and the
349      *         specified collection does not permit null elements
350      *         (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>),
351      *         or if the specified collection is null
352      * @see #remove(Object)
353      * @see #contains(Object)
354      */
removeAll(Collection<?> c)355     boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c);
356 
357     /**
358      * Retains only the elements in this list that are contained in the
359      * specified collection (optional operation).  In other words, removes
360      * from this list all of its elements that are not contained in the
361      * specified collection.
362      *
363      * @param c collection containing elements to be retained in this list
364      * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list changed as a result of the call
365      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>retainAll</tt> operation
366      *         is not supported by this list
367      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of an element of this list
368      *         is incompatible with the specified collection
369      * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
370      * @throws NullPointerException if this list contains a null element and the
371      *         specified collection does not permit null elements
372      *         (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>),
373      *         or if the specified collection is null
374      * @see #remove(Object)
375      * @see #contains(Object)
376      */
retainAll(Collection<?> c)377     boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c);
378 
379     /**
380      * Removes all of the elements from this list (optional operation).
381      * The list will be empty after this call returns.
382      *
383      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>clear</tt> operation
384      *         is not supported by this list
385      */
clear()386     void clear();
387 
388 
389     // Comparison and hashing
390 
391     /**
392      * Compares the specified object with this list for equality.  Returns
393      * <tt>true</tt> if and only if the specified object is also a list, both
394      * lists have the same size, and all corresponding pairs of elements in
395      * the two lists are <i>equal</i>.  (Two elements <tt>e1</tt> and
396      * <tt>e2</tt> are <i>equal</i> if <tt>(e1==null ? e2==null :
397      * e1.equals(e2))</tt>.)  In other words, two lists are defined to be
398      * equal if they contain the same elements in the same order.  This
399      * definition ensures that the equals method works properly across
400      * different implementations of the <tt>List</tt> interface.
401      *
402      * @param o the object to be compared for equality with this list
403      * @return <tt>true</tt> if the specified object is equal to this list
404      */
equals(Object o)405     boolean equals(Object o);
406 
407     /**
408      * Returns the hash code value for this list.  The hash code of a list
409      * is defined to be the result of the following calculation:
410      * <pre>
411      *  int hashCode = 1;
412      *  for (E e : list)
413      *      hashCode = 31*hashCode + (e==null ? 0 : e.hashCode());
414      * </pre>
415      * This ensures that <tt>list1.equals(list2)</tt> implies that
416      * <tt>list1.hashCode()==list2.hashCode()</tt> for any two lists,
417      * <tt>list1</tt> and <tt>list2</tt>, as required by the general
418      * contract of {@link Object#hashCode}.
419      *
420      * @return the hash code value for this list
421      * @see Object#equals(Object)
422      * @see #equals(Object)
423      */
hashCode()424     int hashCode();
425 
426 
427     // Positional Access Operations
428 
429     /**
430      * Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
431      *
432      * @param index index of the element to return
433      * @return the element at the specified position in this list
434      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
435      *         (<tt>index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size()</tt>)
436      */
get(int index)437     E get(int index);
438 
439     /**
440      * Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with the
441      * specified element (optional operation).
442      *
443      * @param index index of the element to replace
444      * @param element element to be stored at the specified position
445      * @return the element previously at the specified position
446      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>set</tt> operation
447      *         is not supported by this list
448      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
449      *         prevents it from being added to this list
450      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and
451      *         this list does not permit null elements
452      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
453      *         element prevents it from being added to this list
454      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
455      *         (<tt>index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size()</tt>)
456      */
set(int index, E element)457     E set(int index, E element);
458 
459     /**
460      * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this list
461      * (optional operation).  Shifts the element currently at that position
462      * (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their
463      * indices).
464      *
465      * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted
466      * @param element element to be inserted
467      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>add</tt> operation
468      *         is not supported by this list
469      * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
470      *         prevents it from being added to this list
471      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and
472      *         this list does not permit null elements
473      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
474      *         element prevents it from being added to this list
475      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
476      *         (<tt>index &lt; 0 || index &gt; size()</tt>)
477      */
add(int index, E element)478     void add(int index, E element);
479 
480     /**
481      * Removes the element at the specified position in this list (optional
482      * operation).  Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one
483      * from their indices).  Returns the element that was removed from the
484      * list.
485      *
486      * @param index the index of the element to be removed
487      * @return the element previously at the specified position
488      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>remove</tt> operation
489      *         is not supported by this list
490      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
491      *         (<tt>index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size()</tt>)
492      */
remove(int index)493     E remove(int index);
494 
495 
496     // Search Operations
497 
498     /**
499      * Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element
500      * in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element.
501      * More formally, returns the lowest index <tt>i</tt> such that
502      * <tt>(o==null&nbsp;?&nbsp;get(i)==null&nbsp;:&nbsp;o.equals(get(i)))</tt>,
503      * or -1 if there is no such index.
504      *
505      * @param o element to search for
506      * @return the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in
507      *         this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element
508      * @throws ClassCastException if the type of the specified element
509      *         is incompatible with this list
510      *         (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
511      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
512      *         list does not permit null elements
513      *         (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
514      */
indexOf(Object o)515     int indexOf(Object o);
516 
517     /**
518      * Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified element
519      * in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element.
520      * More formally, returns the highest index <tt>i</tt> such that
521      * <tt>(o==null&nbsp;?&nbsp;get(i)==null&nbsp;:&nbsp;o.equals(get(i)))</tt>,
522      * or -1 if there is no such index.
523      *
524      * @param o element to search for
525      * @return the index of the last occurrence of the specified element in
526      *         this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element
527      * @throws ClassCastException if the type of the specified element
528      *         is incompatible with this list
529      *         (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
530      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
531      *         list does not permit null elements
532      *         (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
533      */
lastIndexOf(Object o)534     int lastIndexOf(Object o);
535 
536 
537     // List Iterators
538 
539     /**
540      * Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper
541      * sequence).
542      *
543      * @return a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper
544      *         sequence)
545      */
listIterator()546     ListIterator<E> listIterator();
547 
548     /**
549      * Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper
550      * sequence), starting at the specified position in the list.
551      * The specified index indicates the first element that would be
552      * returned by an initial call to {@link ListIterator#next next}.
553      * An initial call to {@link ListIterator#previous previous} would
554      * return the element with the specified index minus one.
555      *
556      * @param index index of the first element to be returned from the
557      *        list iterator (by a call to {@link ListIterator#next next})
558      * @return a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper
559      *         sequence), starting at the specified position in the list
560      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
561      *         ({@code index < 0 || index > size()})
562      */
listIterator(int index)563     ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index);
564 
565     // View
566 
567     /**
568      * Returns a view of the portion of this list between the specified
569      * <tt>fromIndex</tt>, inclusive, and <tt>toIndex</tt>, exclusive.  (If
570      * <tt>fromIndex</tt> and <tt>toIndex</tt> are equal, the returned list is
571      * empty.)  The returned list is backed by this list, so non-structural
572      * changes in the returned list are reflected in this list, and vice-versa.
573      * The returned list supports all of the optional list operations supported
574      * by this list.<p>
575      *
576      * This method eliminates the need for explicit range operations (of
577      * the sort that commonly exist for arrays).  Any operation that expects
578      * a list can be used as a range operation by passing a subList view
579      * instead of a whole list.  For example, the following idiom
580      * removes a range of elements from a list:
581      * <pre>
582      *      list.subList(from, to).clear();
583      * </pre>
584      * Similar idioms may be constructed for <tt>indexOf</tt> and
585      * <tt>lastIndexOf</tt>, and all of the algorithms in the
586      * <tt>Collections</tt> class can be applied to a subList.<p>
587      *
588      * The semantics of the list returned by this method become undefined if
589      * the backing list (i.e., this list) is <i>structurally modified</i> in
590      * any way other than via the returned list.  (Structural modifications are
591      * those that change the size of this list, or otherwise perturb it in such
592      * a fashion that iterations in progress may yield incorrect results.)
593      *
594      * @param fromIndex low endpoint (inclusive) of the subList
595      * @param toIndex high endpoint (exclusive) of the subList
596      * @return a view of the specified range within this list
597      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException for an illegal endpoint index value
598      *         (<tt>fromIndex &lt; 0 || toIndex &gt; size ||
599      *         fromIndex &gt; toIndex</tt>)
600      */
subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex)601     List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex);
602 
603     /**
604      * Creates a {@link Spliterator} over the elements in this list.
605      *
606      * <p>The {@code Spliterator} reports {@link Spliterator#SIZED} and
607      * {@link Spliterator#ORDERED}.  Implementations should document the
608      * reporting of additional characteristic values.
609      *
610      * @implSpec
611      * The default implementation creates a
612      * <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">late-binding</a></em> spliterator
613      * from the list's {@code Iterator}.  The spliterator inherits the
614      * <em>fail-fast</em> properties of the list's iterator.
615      *
616      * @implNote
617      * The created {@code Spliterator} additionally reports
618      * {@link Spliterator#SUBSIZED}.
619      *
620      * @return a {@code Spliterator} over the elements in this list
621      * @since 1.8
622      */
623     @Override
spliterator()624     default Spliterator<E> spliterator() {
625         return Spliterators.spliterator(this, Spliterator.ORDERED);
626     }
627 
628     /**
629      * Replaces each element of this list with the result of applying the
630      * operator to that element.  Errors or runtime exceptions thrown by
631      * the operator are relayed to the caller.
632      *
633      * @implSpec
634      * The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code list}:
635      * <pre>{@code
636      *     final ListIterator<E> li = list.listIterator();
637      *     while (li.hasNext()) {
638      *         li.set(operator.apply(li.next()));
639      *     }
640      * }</pre>
641      *
642      * If the list's list-iterator does not support the {@code set} operation
643      * then an {@code UnsupportedOperationException} will be thrown when
644      * replacing the first element.
645      *
646      * @param operator the operator to apply to each element
647      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if this list is unmodifiable.
648      *         Implementations may throw this exception if an element
649      *         cannot be replaced or if, in general, modification is not
650      *         supported
651      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified operator is null or
652      *         if the operator result is a null value and this list does
653      *         not permit null elements
654      *         (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
655      * @since 1.8
656      */
replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator)657     default void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) {
658         Objects.requireNonNull(operator);
659         final ListIterator<E> li = this.listIterator();
660         while (li.hasNext()) {
661             li.set(operator.apply(li.next()));
662         }
663     }
664 
665     /**
666      * Sorts this list using the supplied {@code Comparator} to compare elements.
667      *
668      * @implSpec
669      * The default implementation is equivalent to, for this {@code list}:
670      * <pre>Collections.sort(list, c)</pre>
671      *
672      * @param c the {@code Comparator} used to compare list elements.
673      *          A {@code null} value indicates that the elements'
674      *          {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering} should be used
675      * @throws ClassCastException if the list contains elements that are not
676      *         <i>mutually comparable</i> using the specified comparator
677      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the list's list-iterator does
678      *         not support the {@code set} operation
679      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
680      *         (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
681      *         if the comparator is found to violate the {@link Comparator}
682      *         contract
683      * @since 1.8
684      */
sort(Comparator<? super E> c)685     default void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
686         Collections.sort(this, c);
687     }
688 }
689