page.title=Starting Another Activity parent.title=Building Your First App parent.link=index.html trainingnavtop=true page.tags=intents helpoutsWidget=true @jd:body

This lesson teaches you to

  1. Respond to the Send Button
  2. Build an Intent
  3. Create the Second Activity
  4. Display the Message

After completing the previous lesson, you have an app that shows an activity (a single screen) with a text field and a button. In this lesson, you’ll add some code to MainActivity that starts a new activity when the user clicks the Send button.

Respond to the Send Button

  1. In the file res/layout/activity_main.xml, add the {@code android:onClick} attribute to the {@link android.widget.Button <Button>} element as shown below: 
    <Button
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:text="@string/button_send"
      android:onClick="sendMessage" />

    This attribute tells the system to call the sendMessage() method in your activity whenever a user clicks on the button.

  2. In the file java/com.example.myfirstapp/MainActivity.java, add the sendMessage() method stub as shown below: 
    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    /** Called when the user clicks the Send button */
    public void sendMessage(View view) {
        // Do something in response to button
    }
}

    In order for the system to match this method to the method name given to {@code android:onClick}, the signature must be exactly as shown. Specifically, the method must:

Next, you’ll fill in this method to read the contents of the text field and deliver that text to another activity.

Build an Intent

An {@link android.content.Intent} is an object that provides runtime binding between separate components (such as two activities). The {@link android.content.Intent} represents an app’s "intent to do something." You can use intents for a wide variety of tasks, but in this lesson, your intent starts another activity.

In MainActivity.java, add the code shown below to sendMessage():

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    public final static String EXTRA_MESSAGE = "com.example.myfirstapp.MESSAGE";
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    /** Called when the user clicks the Send button */
    public void sendMessage(View view) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, DisplayMessageActivity.class);
        EditText editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_message);
        String message = editText.getText().toString();
        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_MESSAGE, message);
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

Note: Android Studio will display Cannot resolve symbol errors because the code references classes like {@link android.content.Intent} and {@link android.widget.EditText} that have not been imported. To import these classes, you can either 1) use Android Studio's "import class" functionality by pressing Alt + Enter (Option + Return on Mac) or 2) manually add import statements at the top of the file.

There’s a lot going on in sendMessage(), so let’s explain what's going on.

The {@link android.content.Intent} constructor takes two parameters:

The {@link android.content.Intent#putExtra(String, String) putExtra()} method adds the EditText's value to the intent. An Intent can carry data types as key-value pairs called extras. Your key is a public constant EXTRA_MESSAGE because the next activity uses the key to retrive the text value. It's a good practice to define keys for intent extras using your app's package name as a prefix. This ensures the keys are unique, in case your app interacts with other apps.

The {@link android.app.Activity#startActivity(Intent) startActivity()} method starts an instance of the DisplayMessageActivity specified by the {@link android.content.Intent}. Now you need to create the class.

Create the Second Activity

  1. In the Project window, right-click the app folder and select New > Activity > Empty Activity.
  2. In the Configure Activity window, enter "DisplayMessageActivity" for Activity Name and click Finish

Android Studio automatically does three things:

If you run the app and click the Send button on the first activity, the second activity starts but is empty. This is because the second activity uses the default empty layout provided by the template.

Display the Message

Now you will modify the second activity to display the message that was passed by the first activity.

  1. In {@code DisplayMessageActivity.java}, add the following code to the onCreate() method: 
    @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
   super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
   setContentView(R.layout.activity_display_message);

   Intent intent = getIntent();
   String message = intent.getStringExtra(MainActivity.EXTRA_MESSAGE);
   TextView textView = new TextView(this);
   textView.setTextSize(40);
   textView.setText(message);

   ViewGroup layout = (ViewGroup) findViewById(R.id.activity_display_message);
   layout.addView(textView);
}
  2. Press Alt + Enter (option + return on Mac) to import missing classes.

There’s a lot going on here, so let’s explain:

  1. The call {@link android.app.Activity#getIntent()} grabs the intent that started the activity. Every {@link android.app.Activity} is invoked by an {@link android.content.Intent}, regardless of how the user navigated there. The call {@link android.content.Intent#getStringExtra(String) getStringExtra()} retrieves the data from the first activity.
  2. You programmatically create a {@link android.widget.TextView} and set its size and message.
  3. You add the TextView to the layout identified by {@code R.id.activity_display_message}. You cast the layout to {@link android.view.ViewGroup} because it is the superclass of all layouts and contains the {@link android.view.ViewGroup#addView(View) addView()} method.

Note: The XML layout generated by previous versions of Android Studio might not include the android:id attribute. The call findViewById() will fail if the layout does not have the android:id attribute. If this is the case, open activity_display_message.xml and add the attribute android:id="@+id/activity_display_message" to the layout element.

You can now run the app. When it opens, type a message in the text field, and click Send. The second activity replaces the first one on the screen, showing the message you entered in the first activity.

That's it, you've built your first Android app!

To learn more, follow the link below to the next class.