• Home
  • Line#
  • Scopes#
  • Navigate#
  • Raw
  • Download
1 /*
2  * OS specific functions for UNIX/POSIX systems
3  * Copyright (c) 2005-2009, Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
4  *
5  * This software may be distributed under the terms of the BSD license.
6  * See README for more details.
7  */
8 
9 #include "includes.h"
10 
11 #include <time.h>
12 #include <sys/wait.h>
13 
14 #ifdef ANDROID
15 #include <sys/capability.h>
16 #include <sys/prctl.h>
17 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
18 #endif /* ANDROID */
19 
20 #ifdef __MACH__
21 #include <CoreServices/CoreServices.h>
22 #include <mach/mach.h>
23 #include <mach/mach_time.h>
24 #endif /* __MACH__ */
25 
26 #include "os.h"
27 #include "common.h"
28 
29 #ifdef WPA_TRACE
30 
31 #include "wpa_debug.h"
32 #include "trace.h"
33 #include "list.h"
34 
35 static struct dl_list alloc_list = DL_LIST_HEAD_INIT(alloc_list);
36 
37 #define ALLOC_MAGIC 0xa84ef1b2
38 #define FREED_MAGIC 0x67fd487a
39 
40 struct os_alloc_trace {
41 	unsigned int magic;
42 	struct dl_list list;
43 	size_t len;
44 	WPA_TRACE_INFO
45 } __attribute__((aligned(16)));
46 
47 #endif /* WPA_TRACE */
48 
49 
os_sleep(os_time_t sec,os_time_t usec)50 void os_sleep(os_time_t sec, os_time_t usec)
51 {
52 	if (sec)
53 		sleep(sec);
54 	if (usec)
55 		usleep(usec);
56 }
57 
58 
os_get_time(struct os_time * t)59 int os_get_time(struct os_time *t)
60 {
61 	int res;
62 	struct timeval tv;
63 	res = gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
64 	t->sec = tv.tv_sec;
65 	t->usec = tv.tv_usec;
66 	return res;
67 }
68 
69 
os_get_reltime(struct os_reltime * t)70 int os_get_reltime(struct os_reltime *t)
71 {
72 #ifndef __MACH__
73 #if defined(CLOCK_BOOTTIME)
74 	static clockid_t clock_id = CLOCK_BOOTTIME;
75 #elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
76 	static clockid_t clock_id = CLOCK_MONOTONIC;
77 #else
78 	static clockid_t clock_id = CLOCK_REALTIME;
79 #endif
80 	struct timespec ts;
81 	int res;
82 
83 	while (1) {
84 		res = clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts);
85 		if (res == 0) {
86 			t->sec = ts.tv_sec;
87 			t->usec = ts.tv_nsec / 1000;
88 			return 0;
89 		}
90 		switch (clock_id) {
91 #ifdef CLOCK_BOOTTIME
92 		case CLOCK_BOOTTIME:
93 			clock_id = CLOCK_MONOTONIC;
94 			break;
95 #endif
96 #ifdef CLOCK_MONOTONIC
97 		case CLOCK_MONOTONIC:
98 			clock_id = CLOCK_REALTIME;
99 			break;
100 #endif
101 		case CLOCK_REALTIME:
102 			return -1;
103 		}
104 	}
105 #else /* __MACH__ */
106 	uint64_t abstime, nano;
107 	static mach_timebase_info_data_t info = { 0, 0 };
108 
109 	if (!info.denom) {
110 		if (mach_timebase_info(&info) != KERN_SUCCESS)
111 			return -1;
112 	}
113 
114 	abstime = mach_absolute_time();
115 	nano = (abstime * info.numer) / info.denom;
116 
117 	t->sec = nano / NSEC_PER_SEC;
118 	t->usec = (nano - (((uint64_t) t->sec) * NSEC_PER_SEC)) / NSEC_PER_USEC;
119 
120 	return 0;
121 #endif /* __MACH__ */
122 }
123 
124 
os_mktime(int year,int month,int day,int hour,int min,int sec,os_time_t * t)125 int os_mktime(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int min, int sec,
126 	      os_time_t *t)
127 {
128 	struct tm tm, *tm1;
129 	time_t t_local, t1, t2;
130 	os_time_t tz_offset;
131 
132 	if (year < 1970 || month < 1 || month > 12 || day < 1 || day > 31 ||
133 	    hour < 0 || hour > 23 || min < 0 || min > 59 || sec < 0 ||
134 	    sec > 60)
135 		return -1;
136 
137 	memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
138 	tm.tm_year = year - 1900;
139 	tm.tm_mon = month - 1;
140 	tm.tm_mday = day;
141 	tm.tm_hour = hour;
142 	tm.tm_min = min;
143 	tm.tm_sec = sec;
144 
145 	t_local = mktime(&tm);
146 
147 	/* figure out offset to UTC */
148 	tm1 = localtime(&t_local);
149 	if (tm1) {
150 		t1 = mktime(tm1);
151 		tm1 = gmtime(&t_local);
152 		if (tm1) {
153 			t2 = mktime(tm1);
154 			tz_offset = t2 - t1;
155 		} else
156 			tz_offset = 0;
157 	} else
158 		tz_offset = 0;
159 
160 	*t = (os_time_t) t_local - tz_offset;
161 	return 0;
162 }
163 
164 
os_gmtime(os_time_t t,struct os_tm * tm)165 int os_gmtime(os_time_t t, struct os_tm *tm)
166 {
167 	struct tm *tm2;
168 	time_t t2 = t;
169 
170 	tm2 = gmtime(&t2);
171 	if (tm2 == NULL)
172 		return -1;
173 	tm->sec = tm2->tm_sec;
174 	tm->min = tm2->tm_min;
175 	tm->hour = tm2->tm_hour;
176 	tm->day = tm2->tm_mday;
177 	tm->month = tm2->tm_mon + 1;
178 	tm->year = tm2->tm_year + 1900;
179 	return 0;
180 }
181 
182 
183 #ifdef __APPLE__
184 #include <fcntl.h>
os_daemon(int nochdir,int noclose)185 static int os_daemon(int nochdir, int noclose)
186 {
187 	int devnull;
188 
189 	if (chdir("/") < 0)
190 		return -1;
191 
192 	devnull = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
193 	if (devnull < 0)
194 		return -1;
195 
196 	if (dup2(devnull, STDIN_FILENO) < 0) {
197 		close(devnull);
198 		return -1;
199 	}
200 
201 	if (dup2(devnull, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) {
202 		close(devnull);
203 		return -1;
204 	}
205 
206 	if (dup2(devnull, STDERR_FILENO) < 0) {
207 		close(devnull);
208 		return -1;
209 	}
210 
211 	return 0;
212 }
213 #else /* __APPLE__ */
214 #define os_daemon daemon
215 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
216 
217 
os_daemonize(const char * pid_file)218 int os_daemonize(const char *pid_file)
219 {
220 #if defined(__uClinux__) || defined(__sun__)
221 	return -1;
222 #else /* defined(__uClinux__) || defined(__sun__) */
223 	if (os_daemon(0, 0)) {
224 		perror("daemon");
225 		return -1;
226 	}
227 
228 	if (pid_file) {
229 		FILE *f = fopen(pid_file, "w");
230 		if (f) {
231 			fprintf(f, "%u\n", getpid());
232 			fclose(f);
233 		}
234 	}
235 
236 	return -0;
237 #endif /* defined(__uClinux__) || defined(__sun__) */
238 }
239 
240 
os_daemonize_terminate(const char * pid_file)241 void os_daemonize_terminate(const char *pid_file)
242 {
243 	if (pid_file)
244 		unlink(pid_file);
245 }
246 
247 
os_get_random(unsigned char * buf,size_t len)248 int os_get_random(unsigned char *buf, size_t len)
249 {
250 	FILE *f;
251 	size_t rc;
252 
253 	if (TEST_FAIL())
254 		return -1;
255 
256 	f = fopen("/dev/urandom", "rb");
257 	if (f == NULL) {
258 		printf("Could not open /dev/urandom.\n");
259 		return -1;
260 	}
261 
262 	rc = fread(buf, 1, len, f);
263 	fclose(f);
264 
265 	return rc != len ? -1 : 0;
266 }
267 
268 
os_random(void)269 unsigned long os_random(void)
270 {
271 	return random();
272 }
273 
274 
os_rel2abs_path(const char * rel_path)275 char * os_rel2abs_path(const char *rel_path)
276 {
277 	char *buf = NULL, *cwd, *ret;
278 	size_t len = 128, cwd_len, rel_len, ret_len;
279 	int last_errno;
280 
281 	if (!rel_path)
282 		return NULL;
283 
284 	if (rel_path[0] == '/')
285 		return os_strdup(rel_path);
286 
287 	for (;;) {
288 		buf = os_malloc(len);
289 		if (buf == NULL)
290 			return NULL;
291 		cwd = getcwd(buf, len);
292 		if (cwd == NULL) {
293 			last_errno = errno;
294 			os_free(buf);
295 			if (last_errno != ERANGE)
296 				return NULL;
297 			len *= 2;
298 			if (len > 2000)
299 				return NULL;
300 		} else {
301 			buf[len - 1] = '\0';
302 			break;
303 		}
304 	}
305 
306 	cwd_len = os_strlen(cwd);
307 	rel_len = os_strlen(rel_path);
308 	ret_len = cwd_len + 1 + rel_len + 1;
309 	ret = os_malloc(ret_len);
310 	if (ret) {
311 		os_memcpy(ret, cwd, cwd_len);
312 		ret[cwd_len] = '/';
313 		os_memcpy(ret + cwd_len + 1, rel_path, rel_len);
314 		ret[ret_len - 1] = '\0';
315 	}
316 	os_free(buf);
317 	return ret;
318 }
319 
320 
os_program_init(void)321 int os_program_init(void)
322 {
323 #ifdef ANDROID
324 	/*
325 	 * We ignore errors here since errors are normal if we
326 	 * are already running as non-root.
327 	 */
328 #ifdef ANDROID_SETGROUPS_OVERRIDE
329 	gid_t groups[] = { ANDROID_SETGROUPS_OVERRIDE };
330 #else /* ANDROID_SETGROUPS_OVERRIDE */
331 	gid_t groups[] = { AID_INET, AID_WIFI, AID_KEYSTORE };
332 #endif /* ANDROID_SETGROUPS_OVERRIDE */
333 	struct __user_cap_header_struct header;
334 	struct __user_cap_data_struct cap;
335 
336 	setgroups(ARRAY_SIZE(groups), groups);
337 
338 	prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 1, 0, 0, 0);
339 
340 	setgid(AID_WIFI);
341 	setuid(AID_WIFI);
342 
343 	header.version = _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION;
344 	header.pid = 0;
345 	cap.effective = cap.permitted =
346 		(1 << CAP_NET_ADMIN) | (1 << CAP_NET_RAW);
347 	cap.inheritable = 0;
348 	capset(&header, &cap);
349 #endif /* ANDROID */
350 
351 	return 0;
352 }
353 
354 
os_program_deinit(void)355 void os_program_deinit(void)
356 {
357 #ifdef WPA_TRACE
358 	struct os_alloc_trace *a;
359 	unsigned long total = 0;
360 	dl_list_for_each(a, &alloc_list, struct os_alloc_trace, list) {
361 		total += a->len;
362 		if (a->magic != ALLOC_MAGIC) {
363 			wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "MEMLEAK[%p]: invalid magic 0x%x "
364 				   "len %lu",
365 				   a, a->magic, (unsigned long) a->len);
366 			continue;
367 		}
368 		wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "MEMLEAK[%p]: len %lu",
369 			   a, (unsigned long) a->len);
370 		wpa_trace_dump("memleak", a);
371 	}
372 	if (total)
373 		wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "MEMLEAK: total %lu bytes",
374 			   (unsigned long) total);
375 	wpa_trace_deinit();
376 #endif /* WPA_TRACE */
377 }
378 
379 
os_setenv(const char * name,const char * value,int overwrite)380 int os_setenv(const char *name, const char *value, int overwrite)
381 {
382 	return setenv(name, value, overwrite);
383 }
384 
385 
os_unsetenv(const char * name)386 int os_unsetenv(const char *name)
387 {
388 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__APPLE__) || \
389     defined(__OpenBSD__)
390 	unsetenv(name);
391 	return 0;
392 #else
393 	return unsetenv(name);
394 #endif
395 }
396 
397 
os_readfile(const char * name,size_t * len)398 char * os_readfile(const char *name, size_t *len)
399 {
400 	FILE *f;
401 	char *buf;
402 	long pos;
403 
404 	f = fopen(name, "rb");
405 	if (f == NULL)
406 		return NULL;
407 
408 	if (fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END) < 0 || (pos = ftell(f)) < 0) {
409 		fclose(f);
410 		return NULL;
411 	}
412 	*len = pos;
413 	if (fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
414 		fclose(f);
415 		return NULL;
416 	}
417 
418 	buf = os_malloc(*len);
419 	if (buf == NULL) {
420 		fclose(f);
421 		return NULL;
422 	}
423 
424 	if (fread(buf, 1, *len, f) != *len) {
425 		fclose(f);
426 		os_free(buf);
427 		return NULL;
428 	}
429 
430 	fclose(f);
431 
432 	return buf;
433 }
434 
435 
os_file_exists(const char * fname)436 int os_file_exists(const char *fname)
437 {
438 	FILE *f = fopen(fname, "rb");
439 	if (f == NULL)
440 		return 0;
441 	fclose(f);
442 	return 1;
443 }
444 
445 
os_fdatasync(FILE * stream)446 int os_fdatasync(FILE *stream)
447 {
448 	if (!fflush(stream)) {
449 #ifdef __linux__
450 		return fdatasync(fileno(stream));
451 #else /* !__linux__ */
452 #ifdef F_FULLFSYNC
453 		/* OS X does not implement fdatasync(). */
454 		return fcntl(fileno(stream), F_FULLFSYNC);
455 #else /* F_FULLFSYNC */
456 		return fsync(fileno(stream));
457 #endif /* F_FULLFSYNC */
458 #endif /* __linux__ */
459 	}
460 
461 	return -1;
462 }
463 
464 
465 #ifndef WPA_TRACE
os_zalloc(size_t size)466 void * os_zalloc(size_t size)
467 {
468 	return calloc(1, size);
469 }
470 #endif /* WPA_TRACE */
471 
472 
os_strlcpy(char * dest,const char * src,size_t siz)473 size_t os_strlcpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t siz)
474 {
475 	const char *s = src;
476 	size_t left = siz;
477 
478 	if (left) {
479 		/* Copy string up to the maximum size of the dest buffer */
480 		while (--left != 0) {
481 			if ((*dest++ = *s++) == '\0')
482 				break;
483 		}
484 	}
485 
486 	if (left == 0) {
487 		/* Not enough room for the string; force NUL-termination */
488 		if (siz != 0)
489 			*dest = '\0';
490 		while (*s++)
491 			; /* determine total src string length */
492 	}
493 
494 	return s - src - 1;
495 }
496 
497 
os_memcmp_const(const void * a,const void * b,size_t len)498 int os_memcmp_const(const void *a, const void *b, size_t len)
499 {
500 	const u8 *aa = a;
501 	const u8 *bb = b;
502 	size_t i;
503 	u8 res;
504 
505 	for (res = 0, i = 0; i < len; i++)
506 		res |= aa[i] ^ bb[i];
507 
508 	return res;
509 }
510 
511 
512 #ifdef WPA_TRACE
513 
514 #if defined(WPA_TRACE_BFD) && defined(CONFIG_TESTING_OPTIONS)
515 char wpa_trace_fail_func[256] = { 0 };
516 unsigned int wpa_trace_fail_after;
517 
testing_fail_alloc(void)518 static int testing_fail_alloc(void)
519 {
520 	const char *func[WPA_TRACE_LEN];
521 	size_t i, res, len;
522 	char *pos, *next;
523 	int match;
524 
525 	if (!wpa_trace_fail_after)
526 		return 0;
527 
528 	res = wpa_trace_calling_func(func, WPA_TRACE_LEN);
529 	i = 0;
530 	if (i < res && os_strcmp(func[i], __func__) == 0)
531 		i++;
532 	if (i < res && os_strcmp(func[i], "os_malloc") == 0)
533 		i++;
534 	if (i < res && os_strcmp(func[i], "os_zalloc") == 0)
535 		i++;
536 	if (i < res && os_strcmp(func[i], "os_calloc") == 0)
537 		i++;
538 	if (i < res && os_strcmp(func[i], "os_realloc") == 0)
539 		i++;
540 	if (i < res && os_strcmp(func[i], "os_realloc_array") == 0)
541 		i++;
542 	if (i < res && os_strcmp(func[i], "os_strdup") == 0)
543 		i++;
544 
545 	pos = wpa_trace_fail_func;
546 
547 	match = 0;
548 	while (i < res) {
549 		int allow_skip = 1;
550 		int maybe = 0;
551 
552 		if (*pos == '=') {
553 			allow_skip = 0;
554 			pos++;
555 		} else if (*pos == '?') {
556 			maybe = 1;
557 			pos++;
558 		}
559 		next = os_strchr(pos, ';');
560 		if (next)
561 			len = next - pos;
562 		else
563 			len = os_strlen(pos);
564 		if (os_memcmp(pos, func[i], len) != 0) {
565 			if (maybe && next) {
566 				pos = next + 1;
567 				continue;
568 			}
569 			if (allow_skip) {
570 				i++;
571 				continue;
572 			}
573 			return 0;
574 		}
575 		if (!next) {
576 			match = 1;
577 			break;
578 		}
579 		pos = next + 1;
580 		i++;
581 	}
582 	if (!match)
583 		return 0;
584 
585 	wpa_trace_fail_after--;
586 	if (wpa_trace_fail_after == 0) {
587 		wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "TESTING: fail allocation at %s",
588 			   wpa_trace_fail_func);
589 		for (i = 0; i < res; i++)
590 			wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "backtrace[%d] = %s",
591 				   (int) i, func[i]);
592 		return 1;
593 	}
594 
595 	return 0;
596 }
597 
598 
599 char wpa_trace_test_fail_func[256] = { 0 };
600 unsigned int wpa_trace_test_fail_after;
601 
testing_test_fail(void)602 int testing_test_fail(void)
603 {
604 	const char *func[WPA_TRACE_LEN];
605 	size_t i, res, len;
606 	char *pos, *next;
607 	int match;
608 
609 	if (!wpa_trace_test_fail_after)
610 		return 0;
611 
612 	res = wpa_trace_calling_func(func, WPA_TRACE_LEN);
613 	i = 0;
614 	if (i < res && os_strcmp(func[i], __func__) == 0)
615 		i++;
616 
617 	pos = wpa_trace_test_fail_func;
618 
619 	match = 0;
620 	while (i < res) {
621 		int allow_skip = 1;
622 		int maybe = 0;
623 
624 		if (*pos == '=') {
625 			allow_skip = 0;
626 			pos++;
627 		} else if (*pos == '?') {
628 			maybe = 1;
629 			pos++;
630 		}
631 		next = os_strchr(pos, ';');
632 		if (next)
633 			len = next - pos;
634 		else
635 			len = os_strlen(pos);
636 		if (os_memcmp(pos, func[i], len) != 0) {
637 			if (maybe && next) {
638 				pos = next + 1;
639 				continue;
640 			}
641 			if (allow_skip) {
642 				i++;
643 				continue;
644 			}
645 			return 0;
646 		}
647 		if (!next) {
648 			match = 1;
649 			break;
650 		}
651 		pos = next + 1;
652 		i++;
653 	}
654 	if (!match)
655 		return 0;
656 
657 	wpa_trace_test_fail_after--;
658 	if (wpa_trace_test_fail_after == 0) {
659 		wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "TESTING: fail at %s",
660 			   wpa_trace_test_fail_func);
661 		for (i = 0; i < res; i++)
662 			wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "backtrace[%d] = %s",
663 				   (int) i, func[i]);
664 		return 1;
665 	}
666 
667 	return 0;
668 }
669 
670 #else
671 
testing_fail_alloc(void)672 static inline int testing_fail_alloc(void)
673 {
674 	return 0;
675 }
676 #endif
677 
os_malloc(size_t size)678 void * os_malloc(size_t size)
679 {
680 	struct os_alloc_trace *a;
681 
682 	if (testing_fail_alloc())
683 		return NULL;
684 
685 	a = malloc(sizeof(*a) + size);
686 	if (a == NULL)
687 		return NULL;
688 	a->magic = ALLOC_MAGIC;
689 	dl_list_add(&alloc_list, &a->list);
690 	a->len = size;
691 	wpa_trace_record(a);
692 	return a + 1;
693 }
694 
695 
os_realloc(void * ptr,size_t size)696 void * os_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
697 {
698 	struct os_alloc_trace *a;
699 	size_t copy_len;
700 	void *n;
701 
702 	if (ptr == NULL)
703 		return os_malloc(size);
704 
705 	a = (struct os_alloc_trace *) ptr - 1;
706 	if (a->magic != ALLOC_MAGIC) {
707 		wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "REALLOC[%p]: invalid magic 0x%x%s",
708 			   a, a->magic,
709 			   a->magic == FREED_MAGIC ? " (already freed)" : "");
710 		wpa_trace_show("Invalid os_realloc() call");
711 		abort();
712 	}
713 	n = os_malloc(size);
714 	if (n == NULL)
715 		return NULL;
716 	copy_len = a->len;
717 	if (copy_len > size)
718 		copy_len = size;
719 	os_memcpy(n, a + 1, copy_len);
720 	os_free(ptr);
721 	return n;
722 }
723 
724 
os_free(void * ptr)725 void os_free(void *ptr)
726 {
727 	struct os_alloc_trace *a;
728 
729 	if (ptr == NULL)
730 		return;
731 	a = (struct os_alloc_trace *) ptr - 1;
732 	if (a->magic != ALLOC_MAGIC) {
733 		wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "FREE[%p]: invalid magic 0x%x%s",
734 			   a, a->magic,
735 			   a->magic == FREED_MAGIC ? " (already freed)" : "");
736 		wpa_trace_show("Invalid os_free() call");
737 		abort();
738 	}
739 	dl_list_del(&a->list);
740 	a->magic = FREED_MAGIC;
741 
742 	wpa_trace_check_ref(ptr);
743 	free(a);
744 }
745 
746 
os_zalloc(size_t size)747 void * os_zalloc(size_t size)
748 {
749 	void *ptr = os_malloc(size);
750 	if (ptr)
751 		os_memset(ptr, 0, size);
752 	return ptr;
753 }
754 
755 
os_strdup(const char * s)756 char * os_strdup(const char *s)
757 {
758 	size_t len;
759 	char *d;
760 	len = os_strlen(s);
761 	d = os_malloc(len + 1);
762 	if (d == NULL)
763 		return NULL;
764 	os_memcpy(d, s, len);
765 	d[len] = '\0';
766 	return d;
767 }
768 
769 #endif /* WPA_TRACE */
770 
771 
os_exec(const char * program,const char * arg,int wait_completion)772 int os_exec(const char *program, const char *arg, int wait_completion)
773 {
774 	pid_t pid;
775 	int pid_status;
776 
777 	pid = fork();
778 	if (pid < 0) {
779 		perror("fork");
780 		return -1;
781 	}
782 
783 	if (pid == 0) {
784 		/* run the external command in the child process */
785 		const int MAX_ARG = 30;
786 		char *_program, *_arg, *pos;
787 		char *argv[MAX_ARG + 1];
788 		int i;
789 
790 		_program = os_strdup(program);
791 		_arg = os_strdup(arg);
792 
793 		argv[0] = _program;
794 
795 		i = 1;
796 		pos = _arg;
797 		while (i < MAX_ARG && pos && *pos) {
798 			while (*pos == ' ')
799 				pos++;
800 			if (*pos == '\0')
801 				break;
802 			argv[i++] = pos;
803 			pos = os_strchr(pos, ' ');
804 			if (pos)
805 				*pos++ = '\0';
806 		}
807 		argv[i] = NULL;
808 
809 		execv(program, argv);
810 		perror("execv");
811 		os_free(_program);
812 		os_free(_arg);
813 		exit(0);
814 		return -1;
815 	}
816 
817 	if (wait_completion) {
818 		/* wait for the child process to complete in the parent */
819 		waitpid(pid, &pid_status, 0);
820 	}
821 
822 	return 0;
823 }
824