page.title=Packaging Wearable Apps
page.tags=wear
helpoutsWidget=true

@jd:body

<div id="tb-wrapper">
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<h2>This lesson teaches you to</h2>
<ol>
  <li><a href="#Studio">Package with Android Studio</a></li>
  <li><a href="#PackageManually">Package Manually</a></li>
  <li><a href="#AssetCompression">Turn off Asset Compression</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>

<p>When publishing to users, you must package a wearable app inside of a handheld app,
because users cannot browse and install apps directly on the wearable. If packaged properly,
when users download the handheld app, the system automatically pushes the wearable app to the
paired wearable.
</p>

<p class="note"><b>Note:</b> This feature doesn't work when you are signing your apps with
a debug key when developing. While developing, installing apps with <code>adb install</code> or
Android Studio directly to the wearable is required.</p>


<h2 id="Studio">Package with Android Studio</h2>
<p>To properly package a wearable app in Android Studio:</p>

<ol>
  <li>Include all the permissions declared in the manifest file of the wearable app module
  in the manifest file of the handheld app module. For example, if you specify the {@link
  android.Manifest.permission#VIBRATE} permission for the wearable app, you must also add that
  permission to the handheld app.</li>

  <li>Ensure that both the wearable and handheld app modules have the same package name and
  version number.</li>

  <li>Declare a Gradle dependency in the handheld app's <code>build.gradle</code> file
  that points to the wearable app module:
<pre>
dependencies {
   compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:5.0.+@aar'
   compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:20.0.+''
   <b>wearApp project(':wearable')</b>
}
</pre>
  </li>
  <li>Click <b>Build > Generate Signed APK...</b> and follow the on-screen instructions
  to specify your release keystore and sign your app. Android Studio exports the signed
  handheld app with the wearable app embedded in it automatically into your project's root folder.

  <p>Alternatively, you can sign both apps from the command line using the
  <a href="{@docRoot}studio/build/index.html#gradleWrapper">Gradle wrapper</a>. Both apps
  must be signed to have the automatic pushing of the wearable app work.</p>

  <p>Store your key file location and credentials in environment variables and run the Gradle
  wrapper as follows:</p>

<pre class="no-pretty-print">
./gradlew assembleRelease \
  -Pandroid.injected.signing.store.file=$KEYFILE \
  -Pandroid.injected.signing.store.password=$STORE_PASSWORD \
  -Pandroid.injected.signing.key.alias=$KEY_ALIAS \
  -Pandroid.injected.signing.key.password=$KEY_PASSWORD
</pre>
 </li>
</ol>

<h3>Signing the wearable and handheld app separately</h3>
<p>If your build process requires signing the wearable app separately from the handheld app,
you can declare the following Gradle rule in the handheld module's <code>build.gradle</code> to
embed the previously-signed wearable app:</p>

<pre>
dependencies {
  ...
  wearApp files('/path/to/wearable_app.apk')
}
</pre>

<p>You then sign your handheld app in any manner you wish (either with the Android Studio
<b>Build > Generate Signed APK...</b> menu item or with Gradle <code>signingConfig</code> rules as
described in the previous section.</p>

<h2 id="PackageManually">Package Manually</h2>
<p>
It's still possible to package the wearable app into the handheld app manually
if you are using another IDE or another method of building.
</p>

<ol>
  <li>Include all the permissions declared in the manifest file of the wearable app
  in the manifest file of the mobile app. For example, if you specify the {@link
  android.Manifest.permission#VIBRATE} permission for the wearable app, you must also add that
  permission to the mobile app.</li>
  <li>Ensure that both the wearable and mobile APKs have the same package name and version
  number.</li>
  <li>Copy the signed wearable app to your handheld project's <code>res/raw</code> directory. We'll
  refer to the APK as <code>wearable_app.apk</code>.</li>
  <li>Create a <code>res/xml/wearable_app_desc.xml</code> file that contains the version and
  path information of the wearable app. For example:
<pre>
&lt;wearableApp package="wearable.app.package.name"&gt;
  &lt;versionCode&gt;1&lt;/versionCode&gt;
  &lt;versionName&gt;1.0&lt;/versionName&gt;
  &lt;rawPathResId>wearable_app&lt;/rawPathResId&gt; <!-- Do not include the .apk extension -->
&lt;/wearableApp&gt;
</pre>

<p>
The <code>package</code>, <code>versionCode</code>, and <code>versionName</code> are the
same values specified in the wearable app's <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code> file.
The <code>rawPathResId</code> is the static variable name of the APK resource. For example,
for <code>wearable_app.apk</code>, the static variable name is <code>wearable_app</code>.
</p>
</li>
<li>
Add a <code>meta-data</code> tag to your handheld app's <code>&lt;application&gt;</code> tag to
reference the <code>wearable_app_desc.xml</code> file.
<pre>
  &lt;meta-data android:name="com.google.android.wearable.beta.app"
                 android:resource="&#64;xml/wearable_app_desc"/&gt;
</pre>
</li>
<li>Build and sign the handheld app.</li>
</ol>

<h2 id="AssetCompression">Turn off Asset Compression</h2>
<p>Many build tools automatically compress any files added to the <code>res/raw</code>
directory of an Android app. Because the wearable APK is already zipped, these tools re-compress the
wearable APK and the wearable app installer can no longer read the wearable app.
</p>

<p>When this happens, the installation fails. On the handheld app, the <code>PackageUpdateService</code>
logs the following error: "this file cannot be opened as a file descriptor; it is probably compressed."
</p>

<p>Android Studio doesn't compress your APK by default, but if you are using another build process,
ensure that you don't doubly compress the wearable app.</p>