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1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
3  *
4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7  *
8  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9  *
10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14  * limitations under the License.
15  */
16 
17 package android.os;
18 
19 import android.annotation.Nullable;
20 import android.util.Log;
21 
22 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
23 import java.util.HashMap;
24 
25 /**
26  * Monitors files (using <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inotify">inotify</a>)
27  * to fire an event after files are accessed or changed by by any process on
28  * the device (including this one).  FileObserver is an abstract class;
29  * subclasses must implement the event handler {@link #onEvent(int, String)}.
30  *
31  * <p>Each FileObserver instance monitors a single file or directory.
32  * If a directory is monitored, events will be triggered for all files and
33  * subdirectories inside the monitored directory.</p>
34  *
35  * <p>An event mask is used to specify which changes or actions to report.
36  * Event type constants are used to describe the possible changes in the
37  * event mask as well as what actually happened in event callbacks.</p>
38  *
39  * <p class="caution"><b>Warning</b>: If a FileObserver is garbage collected, it
40  * will stop sending events.  To ensure you keep receiving events, you must
41  * keep a reference to the FileObserver instance from some other live object.</p>
42  */
43 public abstract class FileObserver {
44     /** Event type: Data was read from a file */
45     public static final int ACCESS = 0x00000001;
46     /** Event type: Data was written to a file */
47     public static final int MODIFY = 0x00000002;
48     /** Event type: Metadata (permissions, owner, timestamp) was changed explicitly */
49     public static final int ATTRIB = 0x00000004;
50     /** Event type: Someone had a file or directory open for writing, and closed it */
51     public static final int CLOSE_WRITE = 0x00000008;
52     /** Event type: Someone had a file or directory open read-only, and closed it */
53     public static final int CLOSE_NOWRITE = 0x00000010;
54     /** Event type: A file or directory was opened */
55     public static final int OPEN = 0x00000020;
56     /** Event type: A file or subdirectory was moved from the monitored directory */
57     public static final int MOVED_FROM = 0x00000040;
58     /** Event type: A file or subdirectory was moved to the monitored directory */
59     public static final int MOVED_TO = 0x00000080;
60     /** Event type: A new file or subdirectory was created under the monitored directory */
61     public static final int CREATE = 0x00000100;
62     /** Event type: A file was deleted from the monitored directory */
63     public static final int DELETE = 0x00000200;
64     /** Event type: The monitored file or directory was deleted; monitoring effectively stops */
65     public static final int DELETE_SELF = 0x00000400;
66     /** Event type: The monitored file or directory was moved; monitoring continues */
67     public static final int MOVE_SELF = 0x00000800;
68 
69     /** Event mask: All valid event types, combined */
70     public static final int ALL_EVENTS = ACCESS | MODIFY | ATTRIB | CLOSE_WRITE
71             | CLOSE_NOWRITE | OPEN | MOVED_FROM | MOVED_TO | DELETE | CREATE
72             | DELETE_SELF | MOVE_SELF;
73 
74     private static final String LOG_TAG = "FileObserver";
75 
76     private static class ObserverThread extends Thread {
77         private HashMap<Integer, WeakReference> m_observers = new HashMap<Integer, WeakReference>();
78         private int m_fd;
79 
ObserverThread()80         public ObserverThread() {
81             super("FileObserver");
82             m_fd = init();
83         }
84 
run()85         public void run() {
86             observe(m_fd);
87         }
88 
startWatching(String path, int mask, FileObserver observer)89         public int startWatching(String path, int mask, FileObserver observer) {
90             int wfd = startWatching(m_fd, path, mask);
91 
92             Integer i = new Integer(wfd);
93             if (wfd >= 0) {
94                 synchronized (m_observers) {
95                     m_observers.put(i, new WeakReference(observer));
96                 }
97             }
98 
99             return i;
100         }
101 
stopWatching(int descriptor)102         public void stopWatching(int descriptor) {
103             stopWatching(m_fd, descriptor);
104         }
105 
onEvent(int wfd, int mask, String path)106         public void onEvent(int wfd, int mask, String path) {
107             // look up our observer, fixing up the map if necessary...
108             FileObserver observer = null;
109 
110             synchronized (m_observers) {
111                 WeakReference weak = m_observers.get(wfd);
112                 if (weak != null) {  // can happen with lots of events from a dead wfd
113                     observer = (FileObserver) weak.get();
114                     if (observer == null) {
115                         m_observers.remove(wfd);
116                     }
117                 }
118             }
119 
120             // ...then call out to the observer without the sync lock held
121             if (observer != null) {
122                 try {
123                     observer.onEvent(mask, path);
124                 } catch (Throwable throwable) {
125                     Log.wtf(LOG_TAG, "Unhandled exception in FileObserver " + observer, throwable);
126                 }
127             }
128         }
129 
init()130         private native int init();
observe(int fd)131         private native void observe(int fd);
startWatching(int fd, String path, int mask)132         private native int startWatching(int fd, String path, int mask);
stopWatching(int fd, int wfd)133         private native void stopWatching(int fd, int wfd);
134     }
135 
136     private static ObserverThread s_observerThread;
137 
138     static {
139         s_observerThread = new ObserverThread();
s_observerThread.start()140         s_observerThread.start();
141     }
142 
143     // instance
144     private String m_path;
145     private Integer m_descriptor;
146     private int m_mask;
147 
148     /**
149      * Equivalent to FileObserver(path, FileObserver.ALL_EVENTS).
150      */
FileObserver(String path)151     public FileObserver(String path) {
152         this(path, ALL_EVENTS);
153     }
154 
155     /**
156      * Create a new file observer for a certain file or directory.
157      * Monitoring does not start on creation!  You must call
158      * {@link #startWatching()} before you will receive events.
159      *
160      * @param path The file or directory to monitor
161      * @param mask The event or events (added together) to watch for
162      */
FileObserver(String path, int mask)163     public FileObserver(String path, int mask) {
164         m_path = path;
165         m_mask = mask;
166         m_descriptor = -1;
167     }
168 
finalize()169     protected void finalize() {
170         stopWatching();
171     }
172 
173     /**
174      * Start watching for events.  The monitored file or directory must exist at
175      * this time, or else no events will be reported (even if it appears later).
176      * If monitoring is already started, this call has no effect.
177      */
startWatching()178     public void startWatching() {
179         if (m_descriptor < 0) {
180             m_descriptor = s_observerThread.startWatching(m_path, m_mask, this);
181         }
182     }
183 
184     /**
185      * Stop watching for events.  Some events may be in process, so events
186      * may continue to be reported even after this method completes.  If
187      * monitoring is already stopped, this call has no effect.
188      */
stopWatching()189     public void stopWatching() {
190         if (m_descriptor >= 0) {
191             s_observerThread.stopWatching(m_descriptor);
192             m_descriptor = -1;
193         }
194     }
195 
196     /**
197      * The event handler, which must be implemented by subclasses.
198      *
199      * <p class="note">This method is invoked on a special FileObserver thread.
200      * It runs independently of any threads, so take care to use appropriate
201      * synchronization!  Consider using {@link Handler#post(Runnable)} to shift
202      * event handling work to the main thread to avoid concurrency problems.</p>
203      *
204      * <p>Event handlers must not throw exceptions.</p>
205      *
206      * @param event The type of event which happened
207      * @param path The path, relative to the main monitored file or directory,
208      *     of the file or directory which triggered the event.  This value can
209      *     be {@code null} for certain events, such as {@link #MOVE_SELF}.
210      */
onEvent(int event, @Nullable String path)211     public abstract void onEvent(int event, @Nullable String path);
212 }
213