1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions
7 * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2)
8 * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and
9 * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials
10 * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning
11 * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement:
12 * ``This product includes software developed by the University of California,
13 * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of
14 * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
15 * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
16 * written permission.
17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
18 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
19 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
20 *
21 * Support for splitting captures into multiple files with a maximum
22 * file size:
23 *
24 * Copyright (c) 2001
25 * Seth Webster <swebster@sst.ll.mit.edu>
26 */
27
28 #ifndef lint
29 static const char copyright[] _U_ =
30 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000\n\
31 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
32 #endif
33
34 /*
35 * tcpdump - dump traffic on a network
36 *
37 * First written in 1987 by Van Jacobson, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
38 * Mercilessly hacked and occasionally improved since then via the
39 * combined efforts of Van, Steve McCanne and Craig Leres of LBL.
40 */
41
42 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
43 #include "config.h"
44 #endif
45
46 /*
47 * Mac OS X may ship pcap.h from libpcap 0.6 with a libpcap based on
48 * 0.8. That means it has pcap_findalldevs() but the header doesn't
49 * define pcap_if_t, meaning that we can't actually *use* pcap_findalldevs().
50 */
51 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
52 #ifndef HAVE_PCAP_IF_T
53 #undef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
54 #endif
55 #endif
56
57 #include <netdissect-stdinc.h>
58
59 #include <sys/stat.h>
60
61 #ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
62 #include <fcntl.h>
63 #endif
64
65 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCRYPTO
66 #include <openssl/crypto.h>
67 #endif
68
69 #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_LONG
70 #include <getopt.h>
71 #else
72 #include "getopt_long.h"
73 #endif
74 /* Capsicum-specific code requires macros from <net/bpf.h>, which will fail
75 * to compile if <pcap.h> has already been included; including the headers
76 * in the opposite order works fine.
77 */
78 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
79 #include <sys/capability.h>
80 #include <sys/ioccom.h>
81 #include <net/bpf.h>
82 #include <libgen.h>
83 #endif /* HAVE_CAPSICUM */
84 #include <pcap.h>
85 #include <signal.h>
86 #include <stdio.h>
87 #include <stdarg.h>
88 #include <stdlib.h>
89 #include <string.h>
90 #include <limits.h>
91 #ifndef _WIN32
92 #include <sys/wait.h>
93 #include <sys/resource.h>
94 #include <pwd.h>
95 #include <grp.h>
96 #endif /* _WIN32 */
97
98 /* capabilities convenience library */
99 /* If a code depends on HAVE_LIBCAP_NG, it depends also on HAVE_CAP_NG_H.
100 * If HAVE_CAP_NG_H is not defined, undefine HAVE_LIBCAP_NG.
101 * Thus, the later tests are done only on HAVE_LIBCAP_NG.
102 */
103 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
104 #ifdef HAVE_CAP_NG_H
105 #include <cap-ng.h>
106 #else
107 #undef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
108 #endif /* HAVE_CAP_NG_H */
109 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
110
111 #include "netdissect.h"
112 #include "interface.h"
113 #include "addrtoname.h"
114 #include "machdep.h"
115 #include "setsignal.h"
116 #include "gmt2local.h"
117 #include "pcap-missing.h"
118 #include "ascii_strcasecmp.h"
119
120 #include "print.h"
121
122 #ifndef PATH_MAX
123 #define PATH_MAX 1024
124 #endif
125
126 #ifdef SIGINFO
127 #define SIGNAL_REQ_INFO SIGINFO
128 #elif SIGUSR1
129 #define SIGNAL_REQ_INFO SIGUSR1
130 #endif
131
132 static int Bflag; /* buffer size */
133 static int Cflag; /* rotate dump files after this many bytes */
134 static int Cflag_count; /* Keep track of which file number we're writing */
135 static int Dflag; /* list available devices and exit */
136 /*
137 * This is exported because, in some versions of libpcap, if libpcap
138 * is built with optimizer debugging code (which is *NOT* the default
139 * configuration!), the library *imports*(!) a variable named dflag,
140 * under the expectation that tcpdump is exporting it, to govern
141 * how much debugging information to print when optimizing
142 * the generated BPF code.
143 *
144 * This is a horrible hack; newer versions of libpcap don't import
145 * dflag but, instead, *if* built with optimizer debugging code,
146 * *export* a routine to set that flag.
147 */
148 int dflag; /* print filter code */
149 static int Gflag; /* rotate dump files after this many seconds */
150 static int Gflag_count; /* number of files created with Gflag rotation */
151 static time_t Gflag_time; /* The last time_t the dump file was rotated. */
152 static int Lflag; /* list available data link types and exit */
153 static int Iflag; /* rfmon (monitor) mode */
154 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
155 static int Jflag; /* list available time stamp types */
156 #endif
157 static int jflag = -1; /* packet time stamp source */
158 static int pflag; /* don't go promiscuous */
159 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
160 static int Qflag = -1; /* restrict captured packet by send/receive direction */
161 #endif
162 static int Uflag; /* "unbuffered" output of dump files */
163 static int Wflag; /* recycle output files after this number of files */
164 static int WflagChars;
165 static char *zflag = NULL; /* compress each savefile using a specified command (like gzip or bzip2) */
166 static int immediate_mode;
167
168 static int infodelay;
169 static int infoprint;
170
171 char *program_name;
172
173 /* Forwards */
174 static void error(const char *, ...)
175 __attribute__((noreturn))
176 #ifdef __ATTRIBUTE___FORMAT_OK
177 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
178 #endif /* __ATTRIBUTE___FORMAT_OK */
179 ;
180 static void warning(const char *, ...)
181 #ifdef __ATTRIBUTE___FORMAT_OK
182 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
183 #endif /* __ATTRIBUTE___FORMAT_OK */
184 ;
185 static void exit_tcpdump(int) __attribute__((noreturn));
186 static RETSIGTYPE cleanup(int);
187 static RETSIGTYPE child_cleanup(int);
188 static void print_version(void);
189 static void print_usage(void);
190 static void show_tstamp_types_and_exit(pcap_t *, const char *device) __attribute__((noreturn));
191 static void show_dlts_and_exit(pcap_t *, const char *device) __attribute__((noreturn));
192 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
193 static void show_devices_and_exit (void) __attribute__((noreturn));
194 #endif
195
196 static void print_packet(u_char *, const struct pcap_pkthdr *, const u_char *);
197 static void dump_packet_and_trunc(u_char *, const struct pcap_pkthdr *, const u_char *);
198 static void dump_packet(u_char *, const struct pcap_pkthdr *, const u_char *);
199 static void droproot(const char *, const char *);
200
201 #ifdef SIGNAL_REQ_INFO
202 RETSIGTYPE requestinfo(int);
203 #endif
204
205 #if defined(USE_WIN32_MM_TIMER)
206 #include <MMsystem.h>
207 static UINT timer_id;
208 static void CALLBACK verbose_stats_dump(UINT, UINT, DWORD_PTR, DWORD_PTR, DWORD_PTR);
209 #elif defined(HAVE_ALARM)
210 static void verbose_stats_dump(int sig);
211 #endif
212
213 static void info(int);
214 static u_int packets_captured;
215
216 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
217 static const struct tok status_flags[] = {
218 #ifdef PCAP_IF_UP
219 { PCAP_IF_UP, "Up" },
220 #endif
221 #ifdef PCAP_IF_RUNNING
222 { PCAP_IF_RUNNING, "Running" },
223 #endif
224 { PCAP_IF_LOOPBACK, "Loopback" },
225 { 0, NULL }
226 };
227 #endif
228
229 static pcap_t *pd;
230
231 static int supports_monitor_mode;
232
233 extern int optind;
234 extern int opterr;
235 extern char *optarg;
236
237 struct dump_info {
238 char *WFileName;
239 char *CurrentFileName;
240 pcap_t *pd;
241 pcap_dumper_t *p;
242 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
243 int dirfd;
244 #endif
245 };
246
247 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG)
248 /*
249 * We have pcap_set_parser_debug() in libpcap; declare it (it's not declared
250 * by any libpcap header, because it's a special hack, only available if
251 * libpcap was configured to include it, and only intended for use by
252 * libpcap developers trying to debug the parser for filter expressions).
253 */
254 #ifdef _WIN32
255 __declspec(dllimport)
256 #else /* _WIN32 */
257 extern
258 #endif /* _WIN32 */
259 void pcap_set_parser_debug(int);
260 #elif defined(HAVE_PCAP_DEBUG) || defined(HAVE_YYDEBUG)
261 /*
262 * We don't have pcap_set_parser_debug() in libpcap, but we do have
263 * pcap_debug or yydebug. Make a local version of pcap_set_parser_debug()
264 * to set the flag, and define HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG.
265 */
266 static void
pcap_set_parser_debug(int value)267 pcap_set_parser_debug(int value)
268 {
269 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DEBUG
270 extern int pcap_debug;
271
272 pcap_debug = value;
273 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_DEBUG */
274 extern int yydebug;
275
276 yydebug = value;
277 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_DEBUG */
278 }
279
280 #define HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG
281 #endif
282
283 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_SET_OPTIMIZER_DEBUG)
284 /*
285 * We have pcap_set_optimizer_debug() in libpcap; declare it (it's not declared
286 * by any libpcap header, because it's a special hack, only available if
287 * libpcap was configured to include it, and only intended for use by
288 * libpcap developers trying to debug the optimizer for filter expressions).
289 */
290 #ifdef _WIN32
291 __declspec(dllimport)
292 #else /* _WIN32 */
293 extern
294 #endif /* _WIN32 */
295 void pcap_set_optimizer_debug(int);
296 #endif
297
298 /* VARARGS */
299 static void
error(const char * fmt,...)300 error(const char *fmt, ...)
301 {
302 va_list ap;
303
304 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", program_name);
305 va_start(ap, fmt);
306 (void)vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
307 va_end(ap);
308 if (*fmt) {
309 fmt += strlen(fmt);
310 if (fmt[-1] != '\n')
311 (void)fputc('\n', stderr);
312 }
313 exit_tcpdump(1);
314 /* NOTREACHED */
315 }
316
317 /* VARARGS */
318 static void
warning(const char * fmt,...)319 warning(const char *fmt, ...)
320 {
321 va_list ap;
322
323 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: WARNING: ", program_name);
324 va_start(ap, fmt);
325 (void)vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
326 va_end(ap);
327 if (*fmt) {
328 fmt += strlen(fmt);
329 if (fmt[-1] != '\n')
330 (void)fputc('\n', stderr);
331 }
332 }
333
334 static void
exit_tcpdump(int status)335 exit_tcpdump(int status)
336 {
337 nd_cleanup();
338 exit(status);
339 }
340
341 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
342 static void
show_tstamp_types_and_exit(pcap_t * pc,const char * device)343 show_tstamp_types_and_exit(pcap_t *pc, const char *device)
344 {
345 int n_tstamp_types;
346 int *tstamp_types = 0;
347 const char *tstamp_type_name;
348 int i;
349
350 n_tstamp_types = pcap_list_tstamp_types(pc, &tstamp_types);
351 if (n_tstamp_types < 0)
352 error("%s", pcap_geterr(pc));
353
354 if (n_tstamp_types == 0) {
355 fprintf(stderr, "Time stamp type cannot be set for %s\n",
356 device);
357 exit_tcpdump(0);
358 }
359 fprintf(stderr, "Time stamp types for %s (use option -j to set):\n",
360 device);
361 for (i = 0; i < n_tstamp_types; i++) {
362 tstamp_type_name = pcap_tstamp_type_val_to_name(tstamp_types[i]);
363 if (tstamp_type_name != NULL) {
364 (void) fprintf(stderr, " %s (%s)\n", tstamp_type_name,
365 pcap_tstamp_type_val_to_description(tstamp_types[i]));
366 } else {
367 (void) fprintf(stderr, " %d\n", tstamp_types[i]);
368 }
369 }
370 pcap_free_tstamp_types(tstamp_types);
371 exit_tcpdump(0);
372 }
373 #endif
374
375 static void
show_dlts_and_exit(pcap_t * pc,const char * device)376 show_dlts_and_exit(pcap_t *pc, const char *device)
377 {
378 int n_dlts, i;
379 int *dlts = 0;
380 const char *dlt_name;
381
382 n_dlts = pcap_list_datalinks(pc, &dlts);
383 if (n_dlts < 0)
384 error("%s", pcap_geterr(pc));
385 else if (n_dlts == 0 || !dlts)
386 error("No data link types.");
387
388 /*
389 * If the interface is known to support monitor mode, indicate
390 * whether these are the data link types available when not in
391 * monitor mode, if -I wasn't specified, or when in monitor mode,
392 * when -I was specified (the link-layer types available in
393 * monitor mode might be different from the ones available when
394 * not in monitor mode).
395 */
396 if (supports_monitor_mode)
397 (void) fprintf(stderr, "Data link types for %s %s (use option -y to set):\n",
398 device,
399 Iflag ? "when in monitor mode" : "when not in monitor mode");
400 else
401 (void) fprintf(stderr, "Data link types for %s (use option -y to set):\n",
402 device);
403
404 for (i = 0; i < n_dlts; i++) {
405 dlt_name = pcap_datalink_val_to_name(dlts[i]);
406 if (dlt_name != NULL) {
407 (void) fprintf(stderr, " %s (%s)", dlt_name,
408 pcap_datalink_val_to_description(dlts[i]));
409
410 /*
411 * OK, does tcpdump handle that type?
412 */
413 if (!has_printer(dlts[i]))
414 (void) fprintf(stderr, " (printing not supported)");
415 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
416 } else {
417 (void) fprintf(stderr, " DLT %d (printing not supported)\n",
418 dlts[i]);
419 }
420 }
421 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FREE_DATALINKS
422 pcap_free_datalinks(dlts);
423 #endif
424 exit_tcpdump(0);
425 }
426
427 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
428 static void
show_devices_and_exit(void)429 show_devices_and_exit (void)
430 {
431 pcap_if_t *dev, *devlist;
432 char ebuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
433 int i;
434
435 if (pcap_findalldevs(&devlist, ebuf) < 0)
436 error("%s", ebuf);
437 for (i = 0, dev = devlist; dev != NULL; i++, dev = dev->next) {
438 printf("%d.%s", i+1, dev->name);
439 if (dev->description != NULL)
440 printf(" (%s)", dev->description);
441 if (dev->flags != 0)
442 printf(" [%s]", bittok2str(status_flags, "none", dev->flags));
443 printf("\n");
444 }
445 pcap_freealldevs(devlist);
446 exit_tcpdump(0);
447 }
448 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS */
449
450 /*
451 * Short options.
452 *
453 * Note that there we use all letters for short options except for g, k,
454 * o, and P, and those are used by other versions of tcpdump, and we should
455 * only use them for the same purposes that the other versions of tcpdump
456 * use them:
457 *
458 * OS X tcpdump uses -g to force non--v output for IP to be on one
459 * line, making it more "g"repable;
460 *
461 * OS X tcpdump uses -k to specify that packet comments in pcap-ng files
462 * should be printed;
463 *
464 * OpenBSD tcpdump uses -o to indicate that OS fingerprinting should be done
465 * for hosts sending TCP SYN packets;
466 *
467 * OS X tcpdump uses -P to indicate that -w should write pcap-ng rather
468 * than pcap files.
469 *
470 * OS X tcpdump also uses -Q to specify expressions that match packet
471 * metadata, including but not limited to the packet direction.
472 * The expression syntax is different from a simple "in|out|inout",
473 * and those expressions aren't accepted by OS X tcpdump, but the
474 * equivalents would be "in" = "dir=in", "out" = "dir=out", and
475 * "inout" = "dir=in or dir=out", and the parser could conceivably
476 * special-case "in", "out", and "inout" as expressions for backwards
477 * compatibility, so all is not (yet) lost.
478 */
479
480 /*
481 * Set up flags that might or might not be supported depending on the
482 * version of libpcap we're using.
483 */
484 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32)
485 #define B_FLAG "B:"
486 #define B_FLAG_USAGE " [ -B size ]"
487 #else /* defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32) */
488 #define B_FLAG
489 #define B_FLAG_USAGE
490 #endif /* defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32) */
491
492 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
493 #define I_FLAG "I"
494 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_CREATE */
495 #define I_FLAG
496 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_CREATE */
497
498 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
499 #define j_FLAG "j:"
500 #define j_FLAG_USAGE " [ -j tstamptype ]"
501 #define J_FLAG "J"
502 #else /* PCAP_ERROR_TSTAMP_TYPE_NOTSUP */
503 #define j_FLAG
504 #define j_FLAG_USAGE
505 #define J_FLAG
506 #endif /* PCAP_ERROR_TSTAMP_TYPE_NOTSUP */
507
508 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
509 #define D_FLAG "D"
510 #else
511 #define D_FLAG
512 #endif
513
514 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
515 #define U_FLAG "U"
516 #else
517 #define U_FLAG
518 #endif
519
520 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
521 #define Q_FLAG "Q:"
522 #else
523 #define Q_FLAG
524 #endif
525
526 #define SHORTOPTS "aAb" B_FLAG "c:C:d" D_FLAG "eE:fF:G:hHi:" I_FLAG j_FLAG J_FLAG "KlLm:M:nNOpq" Q_FLAG "r:s:StT:u" U_FLAG "vV:w:W:xXy:Yz:Z:#"
527
528 /*
529 * Long options.
530 *
531 * We do not currently have long options corresponding to all short
532 * options; we should probably pick appropriate option names for them.
533 *
534 * However, the short options where the number of times the option is
535 * specified matters, such as -v and -d and -t, should probably not
536 * just map to a long option, as saying
537 *
538 * tcpdump --verbose --verbose
539 *
540 * doesn't make sense; it should be --verbosity={N} or something such
541 * as that.
542 *
543 * For long options with no corresponding short options, we define values
544 * outside the range of ASCII graphic characters, make that the last
545 * component of the entry for the long option, and have a case for that
546 * option in the switch statement.
547 */
548 #define OPTION_VERSION 128
549 #define OPTION_TSTAMP_PRECISION 129
550 #define OPTION_IMMEDIATE_MODE 130
551
552 static const struct option longopts[] = {
553 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32)
554 { "buffer-size", required_argument, NULL, 'B' },
555 #endif
556 { "list-interfaces", no_argument, NULL, 'D' },
557 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
558 { "interface", required_argument, NULL, 'i' },
559 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
560 { "monitor-mode", no_argument, NULL, 'I' },
561 #endif
562 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
563 { "time-stamp-type", required_argument, NULL, 'j' },
564 { "list-time-stamp-types", no_argument, NULL, 'J' },
565 #endif
566 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
567 { "time-stamp-precision", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_TSTAMP_PRECISION},
568 #endif
569 { "dont-verify-checksums", no_argument, NULL, 'K' },
570 { "list-data-link-types", no_argument, NULL, 'L' },
571 { "no-optimize", no_argument, NULL, 'O' },
572 { "no-promiscuous-mode", no_argument, NULL, 'p' },
573 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
574 { "direction", required_argument, NULL, 'Q' },
575 #endif
576 { "snapshot-length", required_argument, NULL, 's' },
577 { "absolute-tcp-sequence-numbers", no_argument, NULL, 'S' },
578 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
579 { "packet-buffered", no_argument, NULL, 'U' },
580 #endif
581 { "linktype", required_argument, NULL, 'y' },
582 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
583 { "immediate-mode", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_IMMEDIATE_MODE },
584 #endif
585 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG
586 { "debug-filter-parser", no_argument, NULL, 'Y' },
587 #endif
588 { "relinquish-privileges", required_argument, NULL, 'Z' },
589 { "number", no_argument, NULL, '#' },
590 { "version", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_VERSION },
591 { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
592 };
593
594 #ifndef _WIN32
595 /* Drop root privileges and chroot if necessary */
596 static void
droproot(const char * username,const char * chroot_dir)597 droproot(const char *username, const char *chroot_dir)
598 {
599 struct passwd *pw = NULL;
600
601 if (chroot_dir && !username) {
602 fprintf(stderr, "%s: Chroot without dropping root is insecure\n",
603 program_name);
604 exit_tcpdump(1);
605 }
606
607 pw = getpwnam(username);
608 if (pw) {
609 if (chroot_dir) {
610 if (chroot(chroot_dir) != 0 || chdir ("/") != 0) {
611 fprintf(stderr, "%s: Couldn't chroot/chdir to '%.64s': %s\n",
612 program_name, chroot_dir, pcap_strerror(errno));
613 exit_tcpdump(1);
614 }
615 }
616 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
617 {
618 int ret = capng_change_id(pw->pw_uid, pw->pw_gid, CAPNG_NO_FLAG);
619 if (ret < 0) {
620 fprintf(stderr, "error : ret %d\n", ret);
621 } else {
622 fprintf(stderr, "dropped privs to %s\n", username);
623 }
624 }
625 #else
626 if (initgroups(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid) != 0 ||
627 setgid(pw->pw_gid) != 0 || setuid(pw->pw_uid) != 0) {
628 fprintf(stderr, "%s: Couldn't change to '%.32s' uid=%lu gid=%lu: %s\n",
629 program_name, username,
630 (unsigned long)pw->pw_uid,
631 (unsigned long)pw->pw_gid,
632 pcap_strerror(errno));
633 exit_tcpdump(1);
634 }
635 else {
636 fprintf(stderr, "dropped privs to %s\n", username);
637 }
638 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
639 }
640 else {
641 fprintf(stderr, "%s: Couldn't find user '%.32s'\n",
642 program_name, username);
643 exit_tcpdump(1);
644 }
645 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
646 /* We don't need CAP_SETUID, CAP_SETGID and CAP_SYS_CHROOT any more. */
647 capng_updatev(
648 CAPNG_DROP,
649 CAPNG_EFFECTIVE | CAPNG_PERMITTED,
650 CAP_SETUID,
651 CAP_SETGID,
652 CAP_SYS_CHROOT,
653 -1);
654 capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
655 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
656
657 }
658 #endif /* _WIN32 */
659
660 static int
getWflagChars(int x)661 getWflagChars(int x)
662 {
663 int c = 0;
664
665 x -= 1;
666 while (x > 0) {
667 c += 1;
668 x /= 10;
669 }
670
671 return c;
672 }
673
674
675 static void
MakeFilename(char * buffer,char * orig_name,int cnt,int max_chars)676 MakeFilename(char *buffer, char *orig_name, int cnt, int max_chars)
677 {
678 char *filename = malloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
679 if (filename == NULL)
680 error("Makefilename: malloc");
681
682 /* Process with strftime if Gflag is set. */
683 if (Gflag != 0) {
684 struct tm *local_tm;
685
686 /* Convert Gflag_time to a usable format */
687 if ((local_tm = localtime(&Gflag_time)) == NULL) {
688 error("MakeTimedFilename: localtime");
689 }
690
691 /* There's no good way to detect an error in strftime since a return
692 * value of 0 isn't necessarily failure.
693 */
694 strftime(filename, PATH_MAX, orig_name, local_tm);
695 } else {
696 strncpy(filename, orig_name, PATH_MAX);
697 }
698
699 if (cnt == 0 && max_chars == 0)
700 strncpy(buffer, filename, PATH_MAX + 1);
701 else
702 if (snprintf(buffer, PATH_MAX + 1, "%s%0*d", filename, max_chars, cnt) > PATH_MAX)
703 /* Report an error if the filename is too large */
704 error("too many output files or filename is too long (> %d)", PATH_MAX);
705 free(filename);
706 }
707
708 static char *
get_next_file(FILE * VFile,char * ptr)709 get_next_file(FILE *VFile, char *ptr)
710 {
711 char *ret;
712
713 ret = fgets(ptr, PATH_MAX, VFile);
714 if (!ret)
715 return NULL;
716
717 if (ptr[strlen(ptr) - 1] == '\n')
718 ptr[strlen(ptr) - 1] = '\0';
719
720 return ret;
721 }
722
723 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
724 static int
tstamp_precision_from_string(const char * precision)725 tstamp_precision_from_string(const char *precision)
726 {
727 if (strncmp(precision, "nano", strlen("nano")) == 0)
728 return PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_NANO;
729
730 if (strncmp(precision, "micro", strlen("micro")) == 0)
731 return PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_MICRO;
732
733 return -EINVAL;
734 }
735
736 static const char *
tstamp_precision_to_string(int precision)737 tstamp_precision_to_string(int precision)
738 {
739 switch (precision) {
740
741 case PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_MICRO:
742 return "micro";
743
744 case PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_NANO:
745 return "nano";
746
747 default:
748 return "unknown";
749 }
750 }
751 #endif
752
753 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
754 /*
755 * Ensure that, on a dump file's descriptor, we have all the rights
756 * necessary to make the standard I/O library work with an fdopen()ed
757 * FILE * from that descriptor.
758 *
759 * A long time ago, in a galaxy far far away, AT&T decided that, instead
760 * of providing separate APIs for getting and setting the FD_ flags on a
761 * descriptor, getting and setting the O_ flags on a descriptor, and
762 * locking files, they'd throw them all into a kitchen-sink fcntl() call
763 * along the lines of ioctl(), the fact that ioctl() operations are
764 * largely specific to particular character devices but fcntl() operations
765 * are either generic to all descriptors or generic to all descriptors for
766 * regular files nonwithstanding.
767 *
768 * The Capsicum people decided that fine-grained control of descriptor
769 * operations was required, so that you need to grant permission for
770 * reading, writing, seeking, and fcntl-ing. The latter, courtesy of
771 * AT&T's decision, means that "fcntl-ing" isn't a thing, but a motley
772 * collection of things, so there are *individual* fcntls for which
773 * permission needs to be granted.
774 *
775 * The FreeBSD standard I/O people implemented some optimizations that
776 * requires that the standard I/O routines be able to determine whether
777 * the descriptor for the FILE * is open append-only or not; as that
778 * descriptor could have come from an open() rather than an fopen(),
779 * that requires that it be able to do an F_GETFL fcntl() to read
780 * the O_ flags.
781 *
782 * Tcpdump uses ftell() to determine how much data has been written
783 * to a file in order to, when used with -C, determine when it's time
784 * to rotate capture files. ftell() therefore needs to do an lseek()
785 * to find out the file offset and must, thanks to the aforementioned
786 * optimization, also know whether the descriptor is open append-only
787 * or not.
788 *
789 * The net result of all the above is that we need to grant CAP_SEEK,
790 * CAP_WRITE, and CAP_FCNTL with the CAP_FCNTL_GETFL subcapability.
791 *
792 * Perhaps this is the universe's way of saying that either
793 *
794 * 1) there needs to be an fopenat() call and a pcap_dump_openat() call
795 * using it, so that Capsicum-capable tcpdump wouldn't need to do
796 * an fdopen()
797 *
798 * or
799 *
800 * 2) there needs to be a cap_fdopen() call in the FreeBSD standard
801 * I/O library that knows what rights are needed by the standard
802 * I/O library, based on the open mode, and assigns them, perhaps
803 * with an additional argument indicating, for example, whether
804 * seeking should be allowed, so that tcpdump doesn't need to know
805 * what the standard I/O library happens to require this week.
806 */
807 static void
set_dumper_capsicum_rights(pcap_dumper_t * p)808 set_dumper_capsicum_rights(pcap_dumper_t *p)
809 {
810 int fd = fileno(pcap_dump_file(p));
811 cap_rights_t rights;
812
813 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEEK, CAP_WRITE, CAP_FCNTL);
814 if (cap_rights_limit(fd, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS) {
815 error("unable to limit dump descriptor");
816 }
817 if (cap_fcntls_limit(fd, CAP_FCNTL_GETFL) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS) {
818 error("unable to limit dump descriptor fcntls");
819 }
820 }
821 #endif
822
823 /*
824 * Copy arg vector into a new buffer, concatenating arguments with spaces.
825 */
826 static char *
copy_argv(register char ** argv)827 copy_argv(register char **argv)
828 {
829 register char **p;
830 register u_int len = 0;
831 char *buf;
832 char *src, *dst;
833
834 p = argv;
835 if (*p == NULL)
836 return 0;
837
838 while (*p)
839 len += strlen(*p++) + 1;
840
841 buf = (char *)malloc(len);
842 if (buf == NULL)
843 error("copy_argv: malloc");
844
845 p = argv;
846 dst = buf;
847 while ((src = *p++) != NULL) {
848 while ((*dst++ = *src++) != '\0')
849 ;
850 dst[-1] = ' ';
851 }
852 dst[-1] = '\0';
853
854 return buf;
855 }
856
857 /*
858 * On Windows, we need to open the file in binary mode, so that
859 * we get all the bytes specified by the size we get from "fstat()".
860 * On UNIX, that's not necessary. O_BINARY is defined on Windows;
861 * we define it as 0 if it's not defined, so it does nothing.
862 */
863 #ifndef O_BINARY
864 #define O_BINARY 0
865 #endif
866
867 static char *
read_infile(char * fname)868 read_infile(char *fname)
869 {
870 register int i, fd, cc;
871 register char *cp;
872 struct stat buf;
873
874 fd = open(fname, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY);
875 if (fd < 0)
876 error("can't open %s: %s", fname, pcap_strerror(errno));
877
878 if (fstat(fd, &buf) < 0)
879 error("can't stat %s: %s", fname, pcap_strerror(errno));
880
881 cp = malloc((u_int)buf.st_size + 1);
882 if (cp == NULL)
883 error("malloc(%d) for %s: %s", (u_int)buf.st_size + 1,
884 fname, pcap_strerror(errno));
885 cc = read(fd, cp, (u_int)buf.st_size);
886 if (cc < 0)
887 error("read %s: %s", fname, pcap_strerror(errno));
888 if (cc != buf.st_size)
889 error("short read %s (%d != %d)", fname, cc, (int)buf.st_size);
890
891 close(fd);
892 /* replace "# comment" with spaces */
893 for (i = 0; i < cc; i++) {
894 if (cp[i] == '#')
895 while (i < cc && cp[i] != '\n')
896 cp[i++] = ' ';
897 }
898 cp[cc] = '\0';
899 return (cp);
900 }
901
902 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
903 static long
parse_interface_number(const char * device)904 parse_interface_number(const char *device)
905 {
906 long devnum;
907 char *end;
908
909 devnum = strtol(device, &end, 10);
910 if (device != end && *end == '\0') {
911 /*
912 * It's all-numeric, but is it a valid number?
913 */
914 if (devnum <= 0) {
915 /*
916 * No, it's not an ordinal.
917 */
918 error("Invalid adapter index");
919 }
920 return (devnum);
921 } else {
922 /*
923 * It's not all-numeric; return -1, so our caller
924 * knows that.
925 */
926 return (-1);
927 }
928 }
929
930 static char *
find_interface_by_number(long devnum)931 find_interface_by_number(long devnum)
932 {
933 pcap_if_t *dev, *devlist;
934 long i;
935 char ebuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
936 char *device;
937
938 if (pcap_findalldevs(&devlist, ebuf) < 0)
939 error("%s", ebuf);
940 /*
941 * Look for the devnum-th entry in the list of devices (1-based).
942 */
943 for (i = 0, dev = devlist; i < devnum-1 && dev != NULL;
944 i++, dev = dev->next)
945 ;
946 if (dev == NULL)
947 error("Invalid adapter index");
948 device = strdup(dev->name);
949 pcap_freealldevs(devlist);
950 return (device);
951 }
952 #endif
953
954 static pcap_t *
open_interface(const char * device,netdissect_options * ndo,char * ebuf)955 open_interface(const char *device, netdissect_options *ndo, char *ebuf)
956 {
957 pcap_t *pc;
958 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
959 int status;
960 char *cp;
961 #endif
962
963 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
964 pc = pcap_create(device, ebuf);
965 if (pc == NULL) {
966 /*
967 * If this failed with "No such device", that means
968 * the interface doesn't exist; return NULL, so that
969 * the caller can see whether the device name is
970 * actually an interface index.
971 */
972 if (strstr(ebuf, "No such device") != NULL)
973 return (NULL);
974 error("%s", ebuf);
975 }
976 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
977 if (Jflag)
978 show_tstamp_types_and_exit(pc, device);
979 #endif
980 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
981 status = pcap_set_tstamp_precision(pc, ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision);
982 if (status != 0)
983 error("%s: Can't set %ssecond time stamp precision: %s",
984 device,
985 tstamp_precision_to_string(ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision),
986 pcap_statustostr(status));
987 #endif
988
989 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
990 if (immediate_mode) {
991 status = pcap_set_immediate_mode(pc, 1);
992 if (status != 0)
993 error("%s: Can't set immediate mode: %s",
994 device,
995 pcap_statustostr(status));
996 }
997 #endif
998 /*
999 * Is this an interface that supports monitor mode?
1000 */
1001 if (pcap_can_set_rfmon(pc) == 1)
1002 supports_monitor_mode = 1;
1003 else
1004 supports_monitor_mode = 0;
1005 status = pcap_set_snaplen(pc, ndo->ndo_snaplen);
1006 if (status != 0)
1007 error("%s: Can't set snapshot length: %s",
1008 device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1009 status = pcap_set_promisc(pc, !pflag);
1010 if (status != 0)
1011 error("%s: Can't set promiscuous mode: %s",
1012 device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1013 if (Iflag) {
1014 status = pcap_set_rfmon(pc, 1);
1015 if (status != 0)
1016 error("%s: Can't set monitor mode: %s",
1017 device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1018 }
1019 status = pcap_set_timeout(pc, 1000);
1020 if (status != 0)
1021 error("%s: pcap_set_timeout failed: %s",
1022 device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1023 if (Bflag != 0) {
1024 status = pcap_set_buffer_size(pc, Bflag);
1025 if (status != 0)
1026 error("%s: Can't set buffer size: %s",
1027 device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1028 }
1029 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
1030 if (jflag != -1) {
1031 status = pcap_set_tstamp_type(pc, jflag);
1032 if (status < 0)
1033 error("%s: Can't set time stamp type: %s",
1034 device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1035 }
1036 #endif
1037 status = pcap_activate(pc);
1038 if (status < 0) {
1039 /*
1040 * pcap_activate() failed.
1041 */
1042 cp = pcap_geterr(pc);
1043 if (status == PCAP_ERROR)
1044 error("%s", cp);
1045 else if (status == PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE) {
1046 /*
1047 * Return an error for our caller to handle.
1048 */
1049 pcap_close(pc);
1050 snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "%s: %s\n(%s)",
1051 device, pcap_statustostr(status), cp);
1052 return (NULL);
1053 } else if (status == PCAP_ERROR_PERM_DENIED && *cp != '\0')
1054 error("%s: %s\n(%s)", device,
1055 pcap_statustostr(status), cp);
1056 else
1057 error("%s: %s", device,
1058 pcap_statustostr(status));
1059 } else if (status > 0) {
1060 /*
1061 * pcap_activate() succeeded, but it's warning us
1062 * of a problem it had.
1063 */
1064 cp = pcap_geterr(pc);
1065 if (status == PCAP_WARNING)
1066 warning("%s", cp);
1067 else if (status == PCAP_WARNING_PROMISC_NOTSUP &&
1068 *cp != '\0')
1069 warning("%s: %s\n(%s)", device,
1070 pcap_statustostr(status), cp);
1071 else
1072 warning("%s: %s", device,
1073 pcap_statustostr(status));
1074 }
1075 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
1076 if (Qflag != -1) {
1077 status = pcap_setdirection(pc, Qflag);
1078 if (status != 0)
1079 error("%s: pcap_setdirection() failed: %s",
1080 device, pcap_geterr(pc));
1081 }
1082 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION */
1083 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_CREATE */
1084 *ebuf = '\0';
1085 pc = pcap_open_live(device, ndo->ndo_snaplen, !pflag, 1000, ebuf);
1086 if (pc == NULL) {
1087 /*
1088 * If this failed with "No such device", that means
1089 * the interface doesn't exist; return NULL, so that
1090 * the caller can see whether the device name is
1091 * actually an interface index.
1092 */
1093 if (strstr(ebuf, "No such device") != NULL)
1094 return (NULL);
1095 error("%s", ebuf);
1096 }
1097 if (*ebuf)
1098 warning("%s", ebuf);
1099 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_CREATE */
1100
1101 return (pc);
1102 }
1103
1104 int
main(int argc,char ** argv)1105 main(int argc, char **argv)
1106 {
1107 register int cnt, op, i;
1108 bpf_u_int32 localnet =0 , netmask = 0;
1109 int timezone_offset = 0;
1110 register char *cp, *infile, *cmdbuf, *device, *RFileName, *VFileName, *WFileName;
1111 pcap_handler callback;
1112 int dlt;
1113 const char *dlt_name;
1114 struct bpf_program fcode;
1115 #ifndef _WIN32
1116 RETSIGTYPE (*oldhandler)(int);
1117 #endif
1118 struct dump_info dumpinfo;
1119 u_char *pcap_userdata;
1120 char ebuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
1121 char VFileLine[PATH_MAX + 1];
1122 char *username = NULL;
1123 char *chroot_dir = NULL;
1124 char *ret = NULL;
1125 char *end;
1126 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
1127 pcap_if_t *devlist;
1128 long devnum;
1129 #endif
1130 int status;
1131 FILE *VFile;
1132 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
1133 cap_rights_t rights;
1134 int cansandbox;
1135 #endif /* HAVE_CAPSICUM */
1136 int Oflag = 1; /* run filter code optimizer */
1137 int yflag_dlt = -1;
1138 const char *yflag_dlt_name = NULL;
1139
1140 netdissect_options Ndo;
1141 netdissect_options *ndo = &Ndo;
1142
1143 /*
1144 * Initialize the netdissect code.
1145 */
1146 if (nd_init(ebuf, sizeof ebuf) == -1)
1147 error("%s", ebuf);
1148
1149 memset(ndo, 0, sizeof(*ndo));
1150 ndo_set_function_pointers(ndo);
1151 ndo->ndo_snaplen = DEFAULT_SNAPLEN;
1152
1153 cnt = -1;
1154 device = NULL;
1155 infile = NULL;
1156 RFileName = NULL;
1157 VFileName = NULL;
1158 VFile = NULL;
1159 WFileName = NULL;
1160 dlt = -1;
1161 if ((cp = strrchr(argv[0], '/')) != NULL)
1162 ndo->program_name = program_name = cp + 1;
1163 else
1164 ndo->program_name = program_name = argv[0];
1165
1166 #ifdef _WIN32
1167 if (pcap_wsockinit() != 0)
1168 error("Attempting to initialize Winsock failed");
1169 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1170
1171 /*
1172 * On platforms where the CPU doesn't support unaligned loads,
1173 * force unaligned accesses to abort with SIGBUS, rather than
1174 * being fixed up (slowly) by the OS kernel; on those platforms,
1175 * misaligned accesses are bugs, and we want tcpdump to crash so
1176 * that the bugs are reported.
1177 */
1178 if (abort_on_misalignment(ebuf, sizeof(ebuf)) < 0)
1179 error("%s", ebuf);
1180
1181 while (
1182 (op = getopt_long(argc, argv, SHORTOPTS, longopts, NULL)) != -1)
1183 switch (op) {
1184
1185 case 'a':
1186 /* compatibility for old -a */
1187 break;
1188
1189 case 'A':
1190 ++ndo->ndo_Aflag;
1191 break;
1192
1193 case 'b':
1194 ++ndo->ndo_bflag;
1195 break;
1196
1197 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32)
1198 case 'B':
1199 Bflag = atoi(optarg)*1024;
1200 if (Bflag <= 0)
1201 error("invalid packet buffer size %s", optarg);
1202 break;
1203 #endif /* defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32) */
1204
1205 case 'c':
1206 cnt = atoi(optarg);
1207 if (cnt <= 0)
1208 error("invalid packet count %s", optarg);
1209 break;
1210
1211 case 'C':
1212 Cflag = atoi(optarg) * 1000000;
1213 if (Cflag <= 0)
1214 error("invalid file size %s", optarg);
1215 break;
1216
1217 case 'd':
1218 ++dflag;
1219 break;
1220
1221 case 'D':
1222 Dflag++;
1223 break;
1224
1225 case 'L':
1226 Lflag++;
1227 break;
1228
1229 case 'e':
1230 ++ndo->ndo_eflag;
1231 break;
1232
1233 case 'E':
1234 #ifndef HAVE_LIBCRYPTO
1235 warning("crypto code not compiled in");
1236 #endif
1237 ndo->ndo_espsecret = optarg;
1238 break;
1239
1240 case 'f':
1241 ++ndo->ndo_fflag;
1242 break;
1243
1244 case 'F':
1245 infile = optarg;
1246 break;
1247
1248 case 'G':
1249 Gflag = atoi(optarg);
1250 if (Gflag < 0)
1251 error("invalid number of seconds %s", optarg);
1252
1253 /* We will create one file initially. */
1254 Gflag_count = 0;
1255
1256 /* Grab the current time for rotation use. */
1257 if ((Gflag_time = time(NULL)) == (time_t)-1) {
1258 error("main: can't get current time: %s",
1259 pcap_strerror(errno));
1260 }
1261 break;
1262
1263 case 'h':
1264 print_usage();
1265 exit_tcpdump(0);
1266 break;
1267
1268 case 'H':
1269 ++ndo->ndo_Hflag;
1270 break;
1271
1272 case 'i':
1273 device = optarg;
1274 break;
1275
1276 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
1277 case 'I':
1278 ++Iflag;
1279 break;
1280 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_CREATE */
1281
1282 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
1283 case 'j':
1284 jflag = pcap_tstamp_type_name_to_val(optarg);
1285 if (jflag < 0)
1286 error("invalid time stamp type %s", optarg);
1287 break;
1288
1289 case 'J':
1290 Jflag++;
1291 break;
1292 #endif
1293
1294 case 'l':
1295 #ifdef _WIN32
1296 /*
1297 * _IOLBF is the same as _IOFBF in Microsoft's C
1298 * libraries; the only alternative they offer
1299 * is _IONBF.
1300 *
1301 * XXX - this should really be checking for MSVC++,
1302 * not _WIN32, if, for example, MinGW has its own
1303 * C library that is more UNIX-compatible.
1304 */
1305 setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
1306 #else /* _WIN32 */
1307 #ifdef HAVE_SETLINEBUF
1308 setlinebuf(stdout);
1309 #else
1310 setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
1311 #endif
1312 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1313 break;
1314
1315 case 'K':
1316 ++ndo->ndo_Kflag;
1317 break;
1318
1319 case 'm':
1320 if (nd_have_smi_support()) {
1321 if (nd_load_smi_module(optarg, ebuf, sizeof ebuf) == -1)
1322 error("%s", ebuf);
1323 } else {
1324 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: ignoring option `-m %s' ",
1325 program_name, optarg);
1326 (void)fprintf(stderr, "(no libsmi support)\n");
1327 }
1328 break;
1329
1330 case 'M':
1331 /* TCP-MD5 shared secret */
1332 #ifndef HAVE_LIBCRYPTO
1333 warning("crypto code not compiled in");
1334 #endif
1335 ndo->ndo_sigsecret = optarg;
1336 break;
1337
1338 case 'n':
1339 ++ndo->ndo_nflag;
1340 break;
1341
1342 case 'N':
1343 ++ndo->ndo_Nflag;
1344 break;
1345
1346 case 'O':
1347 Oflag = 0;
1348 break;
1349
1350 case 'p':
1351 ++pflag;
1352 break;
1353
1354 case 'q':
1355 ++ndo->ndo_qflag;
1356 ++ndo->ndo_suppress_default_print;
1357 break;
1358
1359 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
1360 case 'Q':
1361 if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "in") == 0)
1362 Qflag = PCAP_D_IN;
1363 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "out") == 0)
1364 Qflag = PCAP_D_OUT;
1365 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "inout") == 0)
1366 Qflag = PCAP_D_INOUT;
1367 else
1368 error("unknown capture direction `%s'", optarg);
1369 break;
1370 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION */
1371
1372 case 'r':
1373 RFileName = optarg;
1374 break;
1375
1376 case 's':
1377 ndo->ndo_snaplen = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
1378 if (optarg == end || *end != '\0'
1379 || ndo->ndo_snaplen < 0 || ndo->ndo_snaplen > MAXIMUM_SNAPLEN)
1380 error("invalid snaplen %s", optarg);
1381 else if (ndo->ndo_snaplen == 0)
1382 ndo->ndo_snaplen = MAXIMUM_SNAPLEN;
1383 break;
1384
1385 case 'S':
1386 ++ndo->ndo_Sflag;
1387 break;
1388
1389 case 't':
1390 ++ndo->ndo_tflag;
1391 break;
1392
1393 case 'T':
1394 if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "vat") == 0)
1395 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_VAT;
1396 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "wb") == 0)
1397 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_WB;
1398 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "rpc") == 0)
1399 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RPC;
1400 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "rtp") == 0)
1401 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RTP;
1402 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "rtcp") == 0)
1403 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RTCP;
1404 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "snmp") == 0)
1405 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_SNMP;
1406 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "cnfp") == 0)
1407 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_CNFP;
1408 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "tftp") == 0)
1409 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_TFTP;
1410 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "aodv") == 0)
1411 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_AODV;
1412 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "carp") == 0)
1413 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_CARP;
1414 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "radius") == 0)
1415 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RADIUS;
1416 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "zmtp1") == 0)
1417 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_ZMTP1;
1418 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "vxlan") == 0)
1419 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_VXLAN;
1420 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "pgm") == 0)
1421 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_PGM;
1422 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "pgm_zmtp1") == 0)
1423 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_PGM_ZMTP1;
1424 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "lmp") == 0)
1425 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_LMP;
1426 else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "resp") == 0)
1427 ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RESP;
1428 else
1429 error("unknown packet type `%s'", optarg);
1430 break;
1431
1432 case 'u':
1433 ++ndo->ndo_uflag;
1434 break;
1435
1436 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
1437 case 'U':
1438 ++Uflag;
1439 break;
1440 #endif
1441
1442 case 'v':
1443 ++ndo->ndo_vflag;
1444 break;
1445
1446 case 'V':
1447 VFileName = optarg;
1448 break;
1449
1450 case 'w':
1451 WFileName = optarg;
1452 break;
1453
1454 case 'W':
1455 Wflag = atoi(optarg);
1456 if (Wflag <= 0)
1457 error("invalid number of output files %s", optarg);
1458 WflagChars = getWflagChars(Wflag);
1459 break;
1460
1461 case 'x':
1462 ++ndo->ndo_xflag;
1463 ++ndo->ndo_suppress_default_print;
1464 break;
1465
1466 case 'X':
1467 ++ndo->ndo_Xflag;
1468 ++ndo->ndo_suppress_default_print;
1469 break;
1470
1471 case 'y':
1472 yflag_dlt_name = optarg;
1473 yflag_dlt =
1474 pcap_datalink_name_to_val(yflag_dlt_name);
1475 if (yflag_dlt < 0)
1476 error("invalid data link type %s", yflag_dlt_name);
1477 break;
1478
1479 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG
1480 case 'Y':
1481 {
1482 /* Undocumented flag */
1483 pcap_set_parser_debug(1);
1484 }
1485 break;
1486 #endif
1487 case 'z':
1488 zflag = optarg;
1489 break;
1490
1491 case 'Z':
1492 username = optarg;
1493 break;
1494
1495 case '#':
1496 ndo->ndo_packet_number = 1;
1497 break;
1498
1499 case OPTION_VERSION:
1500 print_version();
1501 exit_tcpdump(0);
1502 break;
1503
1504 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
1505 case OPTION_TSTAMP_PRECISION:
1506 ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision = tstamp_precision_from_string(optarg);
1507 if (ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision < 0)
1508 error("unsupported time stamp precision");
1509 break;
1510 #endif
1511
1512 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
1513 case OPTION_IMMEDIATE_MODE:
1514 immediate_mode = 1;
1515 break;
1516 #endif
1517
1518 default:
1519 print_usage();
1520 exit_tcpdump(1);
1521 /* NOTREACHED */
1522 }
1523
1524 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
1525 if (Dflag)
1526 show_devices_and_exit();
1527 #endif
1528
1529 switch (ndo->ndo_tflag) {
1530
1531 case 0: /* Default */
1532 case 4: /* Default + Date*/
1533 timezone_offset = gmt2local(0);
1534 break;
1535
1536 case 1: /* No time stamp */
1537 case 2: /* Unix timeval style */
1538 case 3: /* Microseconds since previous packet */
1539 case 5: /* Microseconds since first packet */
1540 break;
1541
1542 default: /* Not supported */
1543 error("only -t, -tt, -ttt, -tttt and -ttttt are supported");
1544 break;
1545 }
1546
1547 if (ndo->ndo_fflag != 0 && (VFileName != NULL || RFileName != NULL))
1548 error("-f can not be used with -V or -r");
1549
1550 if (VFileName != NULL && RFileName != NULL)
1551 error("-V and -r are mutually exclusive.");
1552
1553 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
1554 /*
1555 * If we're printing dissected packets to the standard output
1556 * rather than saving raw packets to a file, and the standard
1557 * output is a terminal, use immediate mode, as the user's
1558 * probably expecting to see packets pop up immediately.
1559 */
1560 if (WFileName == NULL && isatty(1))
1561 immediate_mode = 1;
1562 #endif
1563
1564 #ifdef WITH_CHROOT
1565 /* if run as root, prepare for chrooting */
1566 if (getuid() == 0 || geteuid() == 0) {
1567 /* future extensibility for cmd-line arguments */
1568 if (!chroot_dir)
1569 chroot_dir = WITH_CHROOT;
1570 }
1571 #endif
1572
1573 #ifdef WITH_USER
1574 /* if run as root, prepare for dropping root privileges */
1575 if (getuid() == 0 || geteuid() == 0) {
1576 /* Run with '-Z root' to restore old behaviour */
1577 if (!username)
1578 username = WITH_USER;
1579 }
1580 #endif
1581
1582 if (RFileName != NULL || VFileName != NULL) {
1583 /*
1584 * If RFileName is non-null, it's the pathname of a
1585 * savefile to read. If VFileName is non-null, it's
1586 * the pathname of a file containing a list of pathnames
1587 * (one per line) of savefiles to read.
1588 *
1589 * In either case, we're reading a savefile, not doing
1590 * a live capture.
1591 */
1592 #ifndef _WIN32
1593 /*
1594 * We don't need network access, so relinquish any set-UID
1595 * or set-GID privileges we have (if any).
1596 *
1597 * We do *not* want set-UID privileges when opening a
1598 * trace file, as that might let the user read other
1599 * people's trace files (especially if we're set-UID
1600 * root).
1601 */
1602 if (setgid(getgid()) != 0 || setuid(getuid()) != 0 )
1603 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: setgid/setuid failed !\n");
1604 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1605 if (VFileName != NULL) {
1606 if (VFileName[0] == '-' && VFileName[1] == '\0')
1607 VFile = stdin;
1608 else
1609 VFile = fopen(VFileName, "r");
1610
1611 if (VFile == NULL)
1612 error("Unable to open file: %s\n", pcap_strerror(errno));
1613
1614 ret = get_next_file(VFile, VFileLine);
1615 if (!ret)
1616 error("Nothing in %s\n", VFileName);
1617 RFileName = VFileLine;
1618 }
1619
1620 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
1621 pd = pcap_open_offline_with_tstamp_precision(RFileName,
1622 ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision, ebuf);
1623 #else
1624 pd = pcap_open_offline(RFileName, ebuf);
1625 #endif
1626
1627 if (pd == NULL)
1628 error("%s", ebuf);
1629 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
1630 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_READ);
1631 if (cap_rights_limit(fileno(pcap_file(pd)), &rights) < 0 &&
1632 errno != ENOSYS) {
1633 error("unable to limit pcap descriptor");
1634 }
1635 #endif
1636 dlt = pcap_datalink(pd);
1637 dlt_name = pcap_datalink_val_to_name(dlt);
1638 if (dlt_name == NULL) {
1639 fprintf(stderr, "reading from file %s, link-type %u\n",
1640 RFileName, dlt);
1641 } else {
1642 fprintf(stderr,
1643 "reading from file %s, link-type %s (%s)\n",
1644 RFileName, dlt_name,
1645 pcap_datalink_val_to_description(dlt));
1646 }
1647 } else {
1648 /*
1649 * We're doing a live capture.
1650 */
1651 if (device == NULL) {
1652 /*
1653 * No interface was specified. Pick one.
1654 */
1655 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
1656 /*
1657 * Find the list of interfaces, and pick
1658 * the first interface.
1659 */
1660 if (pcap_findalldevs(&devlist, ebuf) >= 0 &&
1661 devlist != NULL) {
1662 device = strdup(devlist->name);
1663 pcap_freealldevs(devlist);
1664 }
1665 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS */
1666 /*
1667 * Use whatever interface pcap_lookupdev()
1668 * chooses.
1669 */
1670 device = pcap_lookupdev(ebuf);
1671 #endif
1672 if (device == NULL)
1673 error("%s", ebuf);
1674 }
1675
1676 /*
1677 * Try to open the interface with the specified name.
1678 */
1679 pd = open_interface(device, ndo, ebuf);
1680 if (pd == NULL) {
1681 /*
1682 * That failed. If we can get a list of
1683 * interfaces, and the interface name
1684 * is purely numeric, try to use it as
1685 * a 1-based index in the list of
1686 * interfaces.
1687 */
1688 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
1689 devnum = parse_interface_number(device);
1690 if (devnum == -1) {
1691 /*
1692 * It's not a number; just report
1693 * the open error and fail.
1694 */
1695 error("%s", ebuf);
1696 }
1697
1698 /*
1699 * OK, it's a number; try to find the
1700 * interface with that index, and try
1701 * to open it.
1702 *
1703 * find_interface_by_number() exits if it
1704 * couldn't be found.
1705 */
1706 device = find_interface_by_number(devnum);
1707 pd = open_interface(device, ndo, ebuf);
1708 if (pd == NULL)
1709 error("%s", ebuf);
1710 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS */
1711 /*
1712 * We can't get a list of interfaces; just
1713 * fail.
1714 */
1715 error("%s", ebuf);
1716 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS */
1717 }
1718
1719 /*
1720 * Let user own process after socket has been opened.
1721 */
1722 #ifndef _WIN32
1723 if (setgid(getgid()) != 0 || setuid(getuid()) != 0)
1724 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: setgid/setuid failed !\n");
1725 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1726 #if !defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) && defined(_WIN32)
1727 if(Bflag != 0)
1728 if(pcap_setbuff(pd, Bflag)==-1){
1729 error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
1730 }
1731 #endif /* !defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) && defined(_WIN32) */
1732 if (Lflag)
1733 show_dlts_and_exit(pd, device);
1734 if (yflag_dlt >= 0) {
1735 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_DATALINK
1736 if (pcap_set_datalink(pd, yflag_dlt) < 0)
1737 error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
1738 #else
1739 /*
1740 * We don't actually support changing the
1741 * data link type, so we only let them
1742 * set it to what it already is.
1743 */
1744 if (yflag_dlt != pcap_datalink(pd)) {
1745 error("%s is not one of the DLTs supported by this device\n",
1746 yflag_dlt_name);
1747 }
1748 #endif
1749 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: data link type %s\n",
1750 program_name, yflag_dlt_name);
1751 (void)fflush(stderr);
1752 }
1753 i = pcap_snapshot(pd);
1754 if (ndo->ndo_snaplen < i) {
1755 warning("snaplen raised from %d to %d", ndo->ndo_snaplen, i);
1756 ndo->ndo_snaplen = i;
1757 }
1758 if(ndo->ndo_fflag != 0) {
1759 if (pcap_lookupnet(device, &localnet, &netmask, ebuf) < 0) {
1760 warning("foreign (-f) flag used but: %s", ebuf);
1761 }
1762 }
1763
1764 }
1765 if (infile)
1766 cmdbuf = read_infile(infile);
1767 else
1768 cmdbuf = copy_argv(&argv[optind]);
1769
1770 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_OPTIMIZER_DEBUG
1771 pcap_set_optimizer_debug(dflag);
1772 #endif
1773 if (pcap_compile(pd, &fcode, cmdbuf, Oflag, netmask) < 0)
1774 error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
1775 if (dflag) {
1776 bpf_dump(&fcode, dflag);
1777 pcap_close(pd);
1778 free(cmdbuf);
1779 pcap_freecode(&fcode);
1780 exit_tcpdump(0);
1781 }
1782 init_print(ndo, localnet, netmask, timezone_offset);
1783
1784 #ifndef _WIN32
1785 (void)setsignal(SIGPIPE, cleanup);
1786 (void)setsignal(SIGTERM, cleanup);
1787 (void)setsignal(SIGINT, cleanup);
1788 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1789 #if defined(HAVE_FORK) || defined(HAVE_VFORK)
1790 (void)setsignal(SIGCHLD, child_cleanup);
1791 #endif
1792 /* Cooperate with nohup(1) */
1793 #ifndef _WIN32
1794 if ((oldhandler = setsignal(SIGHUP, cleanup)) != SIG_DFL)
1795 (void)setsignal(SIGHUP, oldhandler);
1796 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1797
1798 #ifndef _WIN32
1799 /*
1800 * If a user name was specified with "-Z", attempt to switch to
1801 * that user's UID. This would probably be used with sudo,
1802 * to allow tcpdump to be run in a special restricted
1803 * account (if you just want to allow users to open capture
1804 * devices, and can't just give users that permission,
1805 * you'd make tcpdump set-UID or set-GID).
1806 *
1807 * Tcpdump doesn't necessarily write only to one savefile;
1808 * the general only way to allow a -Z instance to write to
1809 * savefiles as the user under whose UID it's run, rather
1810 * than as the user specified with -Z, would thus be to switch
1811 * to the original user ID before opening a capture file and
1812 * then switch back to the -Z user ID after opening the savefile.
1813 * Switching to the -Z user ID only after opening the first
1814 * savefile doesn't handle the general case.
1815 */
1816
1817 if (getuid() == 0 || geteuid() == 0) {
1818 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
1819 /* Initialize capng */
1820 capng_clear(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
1821 if (username) {
1822 capng_updatev(
1823 CAPNG_ADD,
1824 CAPNG_PERMITTED | CAPNG_EFFECTIVE,
1825 CAP_SETUID,
1826 CAP_SETGID,
1827 -1);
1828 }
1829 if (chroot_dir) {
1830 capng_update(
1831 CAPNG_ADD,
1832 CAPNG_PERMITTED | CAPNG_EFFECTIVE,
1833 CAP_SYS_CHROOT
1834 );
1835 }
1836
1837 if (WFileName) {
1838 capng_update(
1839 CAPNG_ADD,
1840 CAPNG_PERMITTED | CAPNG_EFFECTIVE,
1841 CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
1842 );
1843 }
1844 capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
1845 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
1846 if (username || chroot_dir)
1847 droproot(username, chroot_dir);
1848
1849 }
1850 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1851
1852 if (pcap_setfilter(pd, &fcode) < 0)
1853 error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
1854 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
1855 if (RFileName == NULL && VFileName == NULL) {
1856 static const unsigned long cmds[] = { BIOCGSTATS, BIOCROTZBUF };
1857
1858 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_IOCTL, CAP_READ);
1859 if (cap_rights_limit(pcap_fileno(pd), &rights) < 0 &&
1860 errno != ENOSYS) {
1861 error("unable to limit pcap descriptor");
1862 }
1863 if (cap_ioctls_limit(pcap_fileno(pd), cmds,
1864 sizeof(cmds) / sizeof(cmds[0])) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS) {
1865 error("unable to limit ioctls on pcap descriptor");
1866 }
1867 }
1868 #endif
1869 if (WFileName) {
1870 pcap_dumper_t *p;
1871 /* Do not exceed the default PATH_MAX for files. */
1872 dumpinfo.CurrentFileName = (char *)malloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
1873
1874 if (dumpinfo.CurrentFileName == NULL)
1875 error("malloc of dumpinfo.CurrentFileName");
1876
1877 /* We do not need numbering for dumpfiles if Cflag isn't set. */
1878 if (Cflag != 0)
1879 MakeFilename(dumpinfo.CurrentFileName, WFileName, 0, WflagChars);
1880 else
1881 MakeFilename(dumpinfo.CurrentFileName, WFileName, 0, 0);
1882
1883 p = pcap_dump_open(pd, dumpinfo.CurrentFileName);
1884 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
1885 /* Give up CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE capability.
1886 * Only allow it to be restored if the -C or -G flag have been
1887 * set since we may need to create more files later on.
1888 */
1889 capng_update(
1890 CAPNG_DROP,
1891 (Cflag || Gflag ? 0 : CAPNG_PERMITTED)
1892 | CAPNG_EFFECTIVE,
1893 CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
1894 );
1895 capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
1896 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
1897 if (p == NULL)
1898 error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
1899 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
1900 set_dumper_capsicum_rights(p);
1901 #endif
1902 if (Cflag != 0 || Gflag != 0) {
1903 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
1904 dumpinfo.WFileName = strdup(basename(WFileName));
1905 if (dumpinfo.WFileName == NULL) {
1906 error("Unable to allocate memory for file %s",
1907 WFileName);
1908 }
1909 dumpinfo.dirfd = open(dirname(WFileName),
1910 O_DIRECTORY | O_RDONLY);
1911 if (dumpinfo.dirfd < 0) {
1912 error("unable to open directory %s",
1913 dirname(WFileName));
1914 }
1915 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_CREATE, CAP_FCNTL,
1916 CAP_FTRUNCATE, CAP_LOOKUP, CAP_SEEK, CAP_WRITE);
1917 if (cap_rights_limit(dumpinfo.dirfd, &rights) < 0 &&
1918 errno != ENOSYS) {
1919 error("unable to limit directory rights");
1920 }
1921 if (cap_fcntls_limit(dumpinfo.dirfd, CAP_FCNTL_GETFL) < 0 &&
1922 errno != ENOSYS) {
1923 error("unable to limit dump descriptor fcntls");
1924 }
1925 #else /* !HAVE_CAPSICUM */
1926 dumpinfo.WFileName = WFileName;
1927 #endif
1928 callback = dump_packet_and_trunc;
1929 dumpinfo.pd = pd;
1930 dumpinfo.p = p;
1931 pcap_userdata = (u_char *)&dumpinfo;
1932 } else {
1933 callback = dump_packet;
1934 pcap_userdata = (u_char *)p;
1935 }
1936 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
1937 if (Uflag)
1938 pcap_dump_flush(p);
1939 #endif
1940 } else {
1941 dlt = pcap_datalink(pd);
1942 ndo->ndo_if_printer = get_if_printer(ndo, dlt);
1943 callback = print_packet;
1944 pcap_userdata = (u_char *)ndo;
1945 }
1946
1947 #ifdef SIGNAL_REQ_INFO
1948 /*
1949 * We can't get statistics when reading from a file rather
1950 * than capturing from a device.
1951 */
1952 if (RFileName == NULL)
1953 (void)setsignal(SIGNAL_REQ_INFO, requestinfo);
1954 #endif
1955
1956 if (ndo->ndo_vflag > 0 && WFileName) {
1957 /*
1958 * When capturing to a file, "-v" means tcpdump should,
1959 * every 10 seconds, "v"erbosely report the number of
1960 * packets captured.
1961 */
1962 #ifdef USE_WIN32_MM_TIMER
1963 /* call verbose_stats_dump() each 1000 +/-100msec */
1964 timer_id = timeSetEvent(1000, 100, verbose_stats_dump, 0, TIME_PERIODIC);
1965 setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
1966 #elif defined(HAVE_ALARM)
1967 (void)setsignal(SIGALRM, verbose_stats_dump);
1968 alarm(1);
1969 #endif
1970 }
1971
1972 if (RFileName == NULL) {
1973 /*
1974 * Live capture (if -V was specified, we set RFileName
1975 * to a file from the -V file). Print a message to
1976 * the standard error on UN*X.
1977 */
1978 if (!ndo->ndo_vflag && !WFileName) {
1979 (void)fprintf(stderr,
1980 "%s: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode\n",
1981 program_name);
1982 } else
1983 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", program_name);
1984 dlt = pcap_datalink(pd);
1985 dlt_name = pcap_datalink_val_to_name(dlt);
1986 if (dlt_name == NULL) {
1987 (void)fprintf(stderr, "listening on %s, link-type %u, capture size %u bytes\n",
1988 device, dlt, ndo->ndo_snaplen);
1989 } else {
1990 (void)fprintf(stderr, "listening on %s, link-type %s (%s), capture size %u bytes\n",
1991 device, dlt_name,
1992 pcap_datalink_val_to_description(dlt), ndo->ndo_snaplen);
1993 }
1994 (void)fflush(stderr);
1995 }
1996
1997 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
1998 cansandbox = (ndo->ndo_nflag && VFileName == NULL && zflag == NULL);
1999 if (cansandbox && cap_enter() < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
2000 error("unable to enter the capability mode");
2001 #endif /* HAVE_CAPSICUM */
2002
2003 do {
2004 status = pcap_loop(pd, cnt, callback, pcap_userdata);
2005 if (WFileName == NULL) {
2006 /*
2007 * We're printing packets. Flush the printed output,
2008 * so it doesn't get intermingled with error output.
2009 */
2010 if (status == -2) {
2011 /*
2012 * We got interrupted, so perhaps we didn't
2013 * manage to finish a line we were printing.
2014 * Print an extra newline, just in case.
2015 */
2016 putchar('\n');
2017 }
2018 (void)fflush(stdout);
2019 }
2020 if (status == -2) {
2021 /*
2022 * We got interrupted. If we are reading multiple
2023 * files (via -V) set these so that we stop.
2024 */
2025 VFileName = NULL;
2026 ret = NULL;
2027 }
2028 if (status == -1) {
2029 /*
2030 * Error. Report it.
2031 */
2032 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: pcap_loop: %s\n",
2033 program_name, pcap_geterr(pd));
2034 }
2035 if (RFileName == NULL) {
2036 /*
2037 * We're doing a live capture. Report the capture
2038 * statistics.
2039 */
2040 info(1);
2041 }
2042 pcap_close(pd);
2043 if (VFileName != NULL) {
2044 ret = get_next_file(VFile, VFileLine);
2045 if (ret) {
2046 int new_dlt;
2047
2048 RFileName = VFileLine;
2049 pd = pcap_open_offline(RFileName, ebuf);
2050 if (pd == NULL)
2051 error("%s", ebuf);
2052 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2053 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_READ);
2054 if (cap_rights_limit(fileno(pcap_file(pd)),
2055 &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS) {
2056 error("unable to limit pcap descriptor");
2057 }
2058 #endif
2059 new_dlt = pcap_datalink(pd);
2060 if (new_dlt != dlt) {
2061 /*
2062 * The new file has a different
2063 * link-layer header type from the
2064 * previous one.
2065 */
2066 if (WFileName != NULL) {
2067 /*
2068 * We're writing raw packets
2069 * that match the filter to
2070 * a pcap file. pcap files
2071 * don't support multiple
2072 * different link-layer
2073 * header types, so we fail
2074 * here.
2075 */
2076 error("%s: new dlt does not match original", RFileName);
2077 }
2078
2079 /*
2080 * We're printing the decoded packets;
2081 * switch to the new DLT.
2082 *
2083 * To do that, we need to change
2084 * the printer, change the DLT name,
2085 * and recompile the filter with
2086 * the new DLT.
2087 */
2088 dlt = new_dlt;
2089 ndo->ndo_if_printer = get_if_printer(ndo, dlt);
2090 if (pcap_compile(pd, &fcode, cmdbuf, Oflag, netmask) < 0)
2091 error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
2092 }
2093
2094 /*
2095 * Set the filter on the new file.
2096 */
2097 if (pcap_setfilter(pd, &fcode) < 0)
2098 error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
2099
2100 /*
2101 * Report the new file.
2102 */
2103 dlt_name = pcap_datalink_val_to_name(dlt);
2104 if (dlt_name == NULL) {
2105 fprintf(stderr, "reading from file %s, link-type %u\n",
2106 RFileName, dlt);
2107 } else {
2108 fprintf(stderr,
2109 "reading from file %s, link-type %s (%s)\n",
2110 RFileName, dlt_name,
2111 pcap_datalink_val_to_description(dlt));
2112 }
2113 }
2114 }
2115 }
2116 while (ret != NULL);
2117
2118 free(cmdbuf);
2119 pcap_freecode(&fcode);
2120 exit_tcpdump(status == -1 ? 1 : 0);
2121 }
2122
2123 /* make a clean exit on interrupts */
2124 static RETSIGTYPE
cleanup(int signo _U_)2125 cleanup(int signo _U_)
2126 {
2127 #ifdef USE_WIN32_MM_TIMER
2128 if (timer_id)
2129 timeKillEvent(timer_id);
2130 timer_id = 0;
2131 #elif defined(HAVE_ALARM)
2132 alarm(0);
2133 #endif
2134
2135 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_BREAKLOOP
2136 /*
2137 * We have "pcap_breakloop()"; use it, so that we do as little
2138 * as possible in the signal handler (it's probably not safe
2139 * to do anything with standard I/O streams in a signal handler -
2140 * the ANSI C standard doesn't say it is).
2141 */
2142 pcap_breakloop(pd);
2143 #else
2144 /*
2145 * We don't have "pcap_breakloop()"; this isn't safe, but
2146 * it's the best we can do. Print the summary if we're
2147 * not reading from a savefile - i.e., if we're doing a
2148 * live capture - and exit.
2149 */
2150 if (pd != NULL && pcap_file(pd) == NULL) {
2151 /*
2152 * We got interrupted, so perhaps we didn't
2153 * manage to finish a line we were printing.
2154 * Print an extra newline, just in case.
2155 */
2156 putchar('\n');
2157 (void)fflush(stdout);
2158 info(1);
2159 }
2160 exit_tcpdump(0);
2161 #endif
2162 }
2163
2164 /*
2165 On windows, we do not use a fork, so we do not care less about
2166 waiting a child processes to die
2167 */
2168 #if defined(HAVE_FORK) || defined(HAVE_VFORK)
2169 static RETSIGTYPE
child_cleanup(int signo _U_)2170 child_cleanup(int signo _U_)
2171 {
2172 wait(NULL);
2173 }
2174 #endif /* HAVE_FORK && HAVE_VFORK */
2175
2176 static void
info(register int verbose)2177 info(register int verbose)
2178 {
2179 struct pcap_stat stats;
2180
2181 /*
2182 * Older versions of libpcap didn't set ps_ifdrop on some
2183 * platforms; initialize it to 0 to handle that.
2184 */
2185 stats.ps_ifdrop = 0;
2186 if (pcap_stats(pd, &stats) < 0) {
2187 (void)fprintf(stderr, "pcap_stats: %s\n", pcap_geterr(pd));
2188 infoprint = 0;
2189 return;
2190 }
2191
2192 if (!verbose)
2193 fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", program_name);
2194
2195 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%u packet%s captured", packets_captured,
2196 PLURAL_SUFFIX(packets_captured));
2197 if (!verbose)
2198 fputs(", ", stderr);
2199 else
2200 putc('\n', stderr);
2201 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%u packet%s received by filter", stats.ps_recv,
2202 PLURAL_SUFFIX(stats.ps_recv));
2203 if (!verbose)
2204 fputs(", ", stderr);
2205 else
2206 putc('\n', stderr);
2207 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%u packet%s dropped by kernel", stats.ps_drop,
2208 PLURAL_SUFFIX(stats.ps_drop));
2209 if (stats.ps_ifdrop != 0) {
2210 if (!verbose)
2211 fputs(", ", stderr);
2212 else
2213 putc('\n', stderr);
2214 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%u packet%s dropped by interface\n",
2215 stats.ps_ifdrop, PLURAL_SUFFIX(stats.ps_ifdrop));
2216 } else
2217 putc('\n', stderr);
2218 infoprint = 0;
2219 }
2220
2221 #if defined(HAVE_FORK) || defined(HAVE_VFORK)
2222 #ifdef HAVE_FORK
2223 #define fork_subprocess() fork()
2224 #else
2225 #define fork_subprocess() vfork()
2226 #endif
2227 static void
compress_savefile(const char * filename)2228 compress_savefile(const char *filename)
2229 {
2230 pid_t child;
2231
2232 child = fork_subprocess();
2233 if (child == -1) {
2234 fprintf(stderr,
2235 "compress_savefile: fork failed: %s\n",
2236 pcap_strerror(errno));
2237 return;
2238 }
2239 if (child != 0) {
2240 /* Parent process. */
2241 return;
2242 }
2243
2244 /*
2245 * Child process.
2246 * Set to lowest priority so that this doesn't disturb the capture.
2247 */
2248 #ifdef NZERO
2249 setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, NZERO - 1);
2250 #else
2251 setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 19);
2252 #endif
2253 if (execlp(zflag, zflag, filename, (char *)NULL) == -1)
2254 fprintf(stderr,
2255 "compress_savefile: execlp(%s, %s) failed: %s\n",
2256 zflag,
2257 filename,
2258 pcap_strerror(errno));
2259 #ifdef HAVE_FORK
2260 exit(1);
2261 #else
2262 _exit(1);
2263 #endif
2264 }
2265 #else /* HAVE_FORK && HAVE_VFORK */
2266 static void
compress_savefile(const char * filename)2267 compress_savefile(const char *filename)
2268 {
2269 fprintf(stderr,
2270 "compress_savefile failed. Functionality not implemented under your system\n");
2271 }
2272 #endif /* HAVE_FORK && HAVE_VFORK */
2273
2274 static void
dump_packet_and_trunc(u_char * user,const struct pcap_pkthdr * h,const u_char * sp)2275 dump_packet_and_trunc(u_char *user, const struct pcap_pkthdr *h, const u_char *sp)
2276 {
2277 struct dump_info *dump_info;
2278
2279 ++packets_captured;
2280
2281 ++infodelay;
2282
2283 dump_info = (struct dump_info *)user;
2284
2285 /*
2286 * XXX - this won't force the file to rotate on the specified time
2287 * boundary, but it will rotate on the first packet received after the
2288 * specified Gflag number of seconds. Note: if a Gflag time boundary
2289 * and a Cflag size boundary coincide, the time rotation will occur
2290 * first thereby cancelling the Cflag boundary (since the file should
2291 * be 0).
2292 */
2293 if (Gflag != 0) {
2294 /* Check if it is time to rotate */
2295 time_t t;
2296
2297 /* Get the current time */
2298 if ((t = time(NULL)) == (time_t)-1) {
2299 error("dump_and_trunc_packet: can't get current_time: %s",
2300 pcap_strerror(errno));
2301 }
2302
2303
2304 /* If the time is greater than the specified window, rotate */
2305 if (t - Gflag_time >= Gflag) {
2306 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2307 FILE *fp;
2308 int fd;
2309 #endif
2310
2311 /* Update the Gflag_time */
2312 Gflag_time = t;
2313 /* Update Gflag_count */
2314 Gflag_count++;
2315 /*
2316 * Close the current file and open a new one.
2317 */
2318 pcap_dump_close(dump_info->p);
2319
2320 /*
2321 * Compress the file we just closed, if the user asked for it
2322 */
2323 if (zflag != NULL)
2324 compress_savefile(dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2325
2326 /*
2327 * Check to see if we've exceeded the Wflag (when
2328 * not using Cflag).
2329 */
2330 if (Cflag == 0 && Wflag > 0 && Gflag_count >= Wflag) {
2331 (void)fprintf(stderr, "Maximum file limit reached: %d\n",
2332 Wflag);
2333 info(1);
2334 exit_tcpdump(0);
2335 /* NOTREACHED */
2336 }
2337 if (dump_info->CurrentFileName != NULL)
2338 free(dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2339 /* Allocate space for max filename + \0. */
2340 dump_info->CurrentFileName = (char *)malloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
2341 if (dump_info->CurrentFileName == NULL)
2342 error("dump_packet_and_trunc: malloc");
2343 /*
2344 * Gflag was set otherwise we wouldn't be here. Reset the count
2345 * so multiple files would end with 1,2,3 in the filename.
2346 * The counting is handled with the -C flow after this.
2347 */
2348 Cflag_count = 0;
2349
2350 /*
2351 * This is always the first file in the Cflag
2352 * rotation: e.g. 0
2353 * We also don't need numbering if Cflag is not set.
2354 */
2355 if (Cflag != 0)
2356 MakeFilename(dump_info->CurrentFileName, dump_info->WFileName, 0,
2357 WflagChars);
2358 else
2359 MakeFilename(dump_info->CurrentFileName, dump_info->WFileName, 0, 0);
2360
2361 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
2362 capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
2363 capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
2364 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
2365 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2366 fd = openat(dump_info->dirfd,
2367 dump_info->CurrentFileName,
2368 O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2369 if (fd < 0) {
2370 error("unable to open file %s",
2371 dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2372 }
2373 fp = fdopen(fd, "w");
2374 if (fp == NULL) {
2375 error("unable to fdopen file %s",
2376 dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2377 }
2378 dump_info->p = pcap_dump_fopen(dump_info->pd, fp);
2379 #else /* !HAVE_CAPSICUM */
2380 dump_info->p = pcap_dump_open(dump_info->pd, dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2381 #endif
2382 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
2383 capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
2384 capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
2385 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
2386 if (dump_info->p == NULL)
2387 error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
2388 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2389 set_dumper_capsicum_rights(dump_info->p);
2390 #endif
2391 }
2392 }
2393
2394 /*
2395 * XXX - this won't prevent capture files from getting
2396 * larger than Cflag - the last packet written to the
2397 * file could put it over Cflag.
2398 */
2399 if (Cflag != 0) {
2400 long size = pcap_dump_ftell(dump_info->p);
2401
2402 if (size == -1)
2403 error("ftell fails on output file");
2404 if (size > Cflag) {
2405 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2406 FILE *fp;
2407 int fd;
2408 #endif
2409
2410 /*
2411 * Close the current file and open a new one.
2412 */
2413 pcap_dump_close(dump_info->p);
2414
2415 /*
2416 * Compress the file we just closed, if the user
2417 * asked for it.
2418 */
2419 if (zflag != NULL)
2420 compress_savefile(dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2421
2422 Cflag_count++;
2423 if (Wflag > 0) {
2424 if (Cflag_count >= Wflag)
2425 Cflag_count = 0;
2426 }
2427 if (dump_info->CurrentFileName != NULL)
2428 free(dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2429 dump_info->CurrentFileName = (char *)malloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
2430 if (dump_info->CurrentFileName == NULL)
2431 error("dump_packet_and_trunc: malloc");
2432 MakeFilename(dump_info->CurrentFileName, dump_info->WFileName, Cflag_count, WflagChars);
2433 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
2434 capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
2435 capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
2436 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
2437 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2438 fd = openat(dump_info->dirfd, dump_info->CurrentFileName,
2439 O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2440 if (fd < 0) {
2441 error("unable to open file %s",
2442 dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2443 }
2444 fp = fdopen(fd, "w");
2445 if (fp == NULL) {
2446 error("unable to fdopen file %s",
2447 dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2448 }
2449 dump_info->p = pcap_dump_fopen(dump_info->pd, fp);
2450 #else /* !HAVE_CAPSICUM */
2451 dump_info->p = pcap_dump_open(dump_info->pd, dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2452 #endif
2453 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
2454 capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
2455 capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
2456 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
2457 if (dump_info->p == NULL)
2458 error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
2459 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2460 set_dumper_capsicum_rights(dump_info->p);
2461 #endif
2462 }
2463 }
2464
2465 pcap_dump((u_char *)dump_info->p, h, sp);
2466 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
2467 if (Uflag)
2468 pcap_dump_flush(dump_info->p);
2469 #endif
2470
2471 --infodelay;
2472 if (infoprint)
2473 info(0);
2474 }
2475
2476 static void
dump_packet(u_char * user,const struct pcap_pkthdr * h,const u_char * sp)2477 dump_packet(u_char *user, const struct pcap_pkthdr *h, const u_char *sp)
2478 {
2479 ++packets_captured;
2480
2481 ++infodelay;
2482
2483 pcap_dump(user, h, sp);
2484 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
2485 if (Uflag)
2486 pcap_dump_flush((pcap_dumper_t *)user);
2487 #endif
2488
2489 --infodelay;
2490 if (infoprint)
2491 info(0);
2492 }
2493
2494 static void
print_packet(u_char * user,const struct pcap_pkthdr * h,const u_char * sp)2495 print_packet(u_char *user, const struct pcap_pkthdr *h, const u_char *sp)
2496 {
2497 ++packets_captured;
2498
2499 ++infodelay;
2500
2501 pretty_print_packet((netdissect_options *)user, h, sp, packets_captured);
2502
2503 --infodelay;
2504 if (infoprint)
2505 info(0);
2506 }
2507
2508 #ifdef _WIN32
2509 /*
2510 * XXX - there should really be libpcap calls to get the version
2511 * number as a string (the string would be generated from #defines
2512 * at run time, so that it's not generated from string constants
2513 * in the library, as, on many UNIX systems, those constants would
2514 * be statically linked into the application executable image, and
2515 * would thus reflect the version of libpcap on the system on
2516 * which the application was *linked*, not the system on which it's
2517 * *running*.
2518 *
2519 * That routine should be documented, unlike the "version[]"
2520 * string, so that UNIX vendors providing their own libpcaps
2521 * don't omit it (as a couple of vendors have...).
2522 *
2523 * Packet.dll should perhaps also export a routine to return the
2524 * version number of the Packet.dll code, to supply the
2525 * "Wpcap_version" information on Windows.
2526 */
2527 char WDversion[]="current-git.tcpdump.org";
2528 #if !defined(HAVE_GENERATED_VERSION)
2529 char version[]="current-git.tcpdump.org";
2530 #endif
2531 char pcap_version[]="current-git.tcpdump.org";
2532 char Wpcap_version[]="3.1";
2533 #endif
2534
2535 #ifdef SIGNAL_REQ_INFO
requestinfo(int signo _U_)2536 RETSIGTYPE requestinfo(int signo _U_)
2537 {
2538 if (infodelay)
2539 ++infoprint;
2540 else
2541 info(0);
2542 }
2543 #endif
2544
2545 /*
2546 * Called once each second in verbose mode while dumping to file
2547 */
2548 #ifdef USE_WIN32_MM_TIMER
verbose_stats_dump(UINT timer_id _U_,UINT msg _U_,DWORD_PTR arg _U_,DWORD_PTR dw1 _U_,DWORD_PTR dw2 _U_)2549 void CALLBACK verbose_stats_dump (UINT timer_id _U_, UINT msg _U_, DWORD_PTR arg _U_,
2550 DWORD_PTR dw1 _U_, DWORD_PTR dw2 _U_)
2551 {
2552 if (infodelay == 0)
2553 fprintf(stderr, "Got %u\r", packets_captured);
2554 }
2555 #elif defined(HAVE_ALARM)
verbose_stats_dump(int sig _U_)2556 static void verbose_stats_dump(int sig _U_)
2557 {
2558 if (infodelay == 0)
2559 fprintf(stderr, "Got %u\r", packets_captured);
2560 alarm(1);
2561 }
2562 #endif
2563
2564 USES_APPLE_DEPRECATED_API
2565 static void
print_version(void)2566 print_version(void)
2567 {
2568 extern char version[];
2569 #ifndef HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION
2570 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(HAVE_PCAP_VERSION)
2571 extern char pcap_version[];
2572 #else /* defined(_WIN32) || defined(HAVE_PCAP_VERSION) */
2573 static char pcap_version[] = "unknown";
2574 #endif /* defined(_WIN32) || defined(HAVE_PCAP_VERSION) */
2575 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION */
2576 const char *smi_version_string;
2577
2578 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION
2579 #ifdef _WIN32
2580 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s version %s, based on tcpdump version %s\n", program_name, WDversion, version);
2581 #else /* _WIN32 */
2582 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s version %s\n", program_name, version);
2583 #endif /* _WIN32 */
2584 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n",pcap_lib_version());
2585 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION */
2586 #ifdef _WIN32
2587 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s version %s, based on tcpdump version %s\n", program_name, WDversion, version);
2588 (void)fprintf(stderr, "WinPcap version %s, based on libpcap version %s\n",Wpcap_version, pcap_version);
2589 #else /* _WIN32 */
2590 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s version %s\n", program_name, version);
2591 (void)fprintf(stderr, "libpcap version %s\n", pcap_version);
2592 #endif /* _WIN32 */
2593 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION */
2594
2595 #if defined(HAVE_LIBCRYPTO) && defined(SSLEAY_VERSION)
2596 (void)fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION));
2597 #endif
2598
2599 smi_version_string = nd_smi_version_string();
2600 if (smi_version_string != NULL)
2601 (void)fprintf (stderr, "SMI-library: %s\n", smi_version_string);
2602 }
2603 USES_APPLE_RST
2604
2605 static void
print_usage(void)2606 print_usage(void)
2607 {
2608 print_version();
2609 (void)fprintf(stderr,
2610 "Usage: %s [-aAbd" D_FLAG "efhH" I_FLAG J_FLAG "KlLnNOpqStu" U_FLAG "vxX#]" B_FLAG_USAGE " [ -c count ]\n", program_name);
2611 (void)fprintf(stderr,
2612 "\t\t[ -C file_size ] [ -E algo:secret ] [ -F file ] [ -G seconds ]\n");
2613 (void)fprintf(stderr,
2614 "\t\t[ -i interface ]" j_FLAG_USAGE " [ -M secret ] [ --number ]\n");
2615 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
2616 (void)fprintf(stderr,
2617 "\t\t[ -Q in|out|inout ]\n");
2618 #endif
2619 (void)fprintf(stderr,
2620 "\t\t[ -r file ] [ -s snaplen ] ");
2621 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
2622 (void)fprintf(stderr, "[ --time-stamp-precision precision ]\n");
2623 (void)fprintf(stderr,
2624 "\t\t");
2625 #endif
2626 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
2627 (void)fprintf(stderr, "[ --immediate-mode ] ");
2628 #endif
2629 (void)fprintf(stderr, "[ -T type ] [ --version ] [ -V file ]\n");
2630 (void)fprintf(stderr,
2631 "\t\t[ -w file ] [ -W filecount ] [ -y datalinktype ] [ -z postrotate-command ]\n");
2632 (void)fprintf(stderr,
2633 "\t\t[ -Z user ] [ expression ]\n");
2634 }
2635 /*
2636 * Local Variables:
2637 * c-style: whitesmith
2638 * c-basic-offset: 8
2639 * End:
2640 */
2641