1 /*
2 *
3 * IP-address/hostname to country converter.
4 *
5 * Problem; you want to know where IP a.b.c.d is located.
6 *
7 * Use ares_gethostbyname ("d.c.b.a.zz.countries.nerd.dk")
8 * and get the CNAME (host->h_name). Result will be:
9 * CNAME = zz<CC>.countries.nerd.dk with address 127.0.x.y (ver 1) or
10 * CNAME = <a.b.c.d>.zz.countries.nerd.dk with address 127.0.x.y (ver 2)
11 *
12 * The 2 letter country code is in <CC> and the ISO-3166 country
13 * number is in x.y (number = x*256 + y). Version 2 of the protocol is missing
14 * the <CC> number.
15 *
16 * Ref: http://countries.nerd.dk/more.html
17 *
18 * Written by G. Vanem <gvanem@broadpark.no> 2006, 2007
19 *
20 * NB! This program may not be big-endian aware.
21 *
22 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
23 * software and its documentation for any purpose and without
24 * fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright
25 * notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
26 * notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
27 * documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used in
28 * advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
29 * software without specific, written prior permission.
30 * M.I.T. makes no representations about the suitability of
31 * this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is"
32 * without express or implied warranty.
33 */
34
35 #include "ares_setup.h"
36
37 #include <stdio.h>
38 #include <stdlib.h>
39 #include <stdarg.h>
40 #include <string.h>
41 #include <ctype.h>
42 #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
43 #include <unistd.h>
44 #endif
45 #ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
46 #include <strings.h>
47 #endif
48
49 #if defined(WIN32) && !defined(WATT32)
50 #include <winsock.h>
51 #else
52 #include <sys/socket.h>
53 #include <arpa/inet.h>
54 #include <netinet/in.h>
55 #include <netdb.h>
56 #endif
57
58 #include "ares.h"
59 #include "ares_getopt.h"
60 #include "inet_net_pton.h"
61 #include "inet_ntop.h"
62 #include "ares_nowarn.h"
63
64 #ifndef HAVE_STRDUP
65 # include "ares_strdup.h"
66 # define strdup(ptr) ares_strdup(ptr)
67 #endif
68
69 #ifndef HAVE_STRCASECMP
70 # include "ares_strcasecmp.h"
71 # define strcasecmp(p1,p2) ares_strcasecmp(p1,p2)
72 #endif
73
74 #ifndef HAVE_STRNCASECMP
75 # include "ares_strcasecmp.h"
76 # define strncasecmp(p1,p2,n) ares_strncasecmp(p1,p2,n)
77 #endif
78
79 #ifndef INADDR_NONE
80 #define INADDR_NONE 0xffffffff
81 #endif
82
83 static const char *usage = "acountry [-vh?] {host|addr} ...\n";
84 static const char nerd_fmt[] = "%u.%u.%u.%u.zz.countries.nerd.dk";
85 static const char *nerd_ver1 = nerd_fmt + 14;
86 static const char *nerd_ver2 = nerd_fmt + 11;
87 static int verbose = 0;
88
89 #define TRACE(fmt) do { \
90 if (verbose > 0) \
91 printf fmt ; \
92 } while (0)
93
94 static void wait_ares(ares_channel channel);
95 static void callback(void *arg, int status, int timeouts, struct hostent *host);
96 static void callback2(void *arg, int status, int timeouts, struct hostent *host);
97 static void find_country_from_cname(const char *cname, struct in_addr addr);
98
Abort(const char * fmt,...)99 static void Abort(const char *fmt, ...)
100 {
101 va_list args;
102 va_start(args, fmt);
103 vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
104 va_end(args);
105 exit(1);
106 }
107
main(int argc,char ** argv)108 int main(int argc, char **argv)
109 {
110 ares_channel channel;
111 int ch, status;
112
113 #if defined(WIN32) && !defined(WATT32)
114 WORD wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(USE_WINSOCK,USE_WINSOCK);
115 WSADATA wsaData;
116 WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
117 #endif
118
119 status = ares_library_init(ARES_LIB_INIT_ALL);
120 if (status != ARES_SUCCESS)
121 {
122 fprintf(stderr, "ares_library_init: %s\n", ares_strerror(status));
123 return 1;
124 }
125
126 while ((ch = ares_getopt(argc, argv, "dvh?")) != -1)
127 switch (ch)
128 {
129 case 'd':
130 #ifdef WATT32
131 dbug_init();
132 #endif
133 break;
134 case 'v':
135 verbose++;
136 break;
137 case 'h':
138 case '?':
139 default:
140 Abort(usage);
141 }
142
143 argc -= optind;
144 argv += optind;
145 if (argc < 1)
146 Abort(usage);
147
148 status = ares_init(&channel);
149 if (status != ARES_SUCCESS)
150 {
151 fprintf(stderr, "ares_init: %s\n", ares_strerror(status));
152 return 1;
153 }
154
155 /* Initiate the queries, one per command-line argument. */
156 for ( ; *argv; argv++)
157 {
158 struct in_addr addr;
159 char buf[100];
160
161 /* If this fails, assume '*argv' is a host-name that
162 * must be resolved first
163 */
164 if (ares_inet_pton(AF_INET, *argv, &addr) != 1)
165 {
166 ares_gethostbyname(channel, *argv, AF_INET, callback2, &addr);
167 wait_ares(channel);
168 if (addr.s_addr == INADDR_NONE)
169 {
170 printf("Failed to lookup %s\n", *argv);
171 continue;
172 }
173 }
174
175 sprintf(buf, nerd_fmt,
176 (unsigned int)(addr.s_addr >> 24),
177 (unsigned int)((addr.s_addr >> 16) & 255),
178 (unsigned int)((addr.s_addr >> 8) & 255),
179 (unsigned int)(addr.s_addr & 255));
180 TRACE(("Looking up %s...", buf));
181 fflush(stdout);
182 ares_gethostbyname(channel, buf, AF_INET, callback, buf);
183 }
184
185 wait_ares(channel);
186 ares_destroy(channel);
187
188 ares_library_cleanup();
189
190 #if defined(WIN32) && !defined(WATT32)
191 WSACleanup();
192 #endif
193
194 return 0;
195 }
196
197 /*
198 * Wait for the queries to complete.
199 */
wait_ares(ares_channel channel)200 static void wait_ares(ares_channel channel)
201 {
202 for (;;)
203 {
204 struct timeval *tvp, tv;
205 fd_set read_fds, write_fds;
206 int nfds;
207
208 FD_ZERO(&read_fds);
209 FD_ZERO(&write_fds);
210 nfds = ares_fds(channel, &read_fds, &write_fds);
211 if (nfds == 0)
212 break;
213 tvp = ares_timeout(channel, NULL, &tv);
214 select(nfds, &read_fds, &write_fds, NULL, tvp);
215 ares_process(channel, &read_fds, &write_fds);
216 }
217 }
218
219 /*
220 * This is the callback used when we have the IP-address of interest.
221 * Extract the CNAME and figure out the country-code from it.
222 */
callback(void * arg,int status,int timeouts,struct hostent * host)223 static void callback(void *arg, int status, int timeouts, struct hostent *host)
224 {
225 const char *name = (const char*)arg;
226 const char *cname;
227 char buf[20];
228
229 (void)timeouts;
230
231 if (!host || status != ARES_SUCCESS)
232 {
233 printf("Failed to lookup %s: %s\n", name, ares_strerror(status));
234 return;
235 }
236
237 TRACE(("\nFound address %s, name %s\n",
238 ares_inet_ntop(AF_INET,(const char*)host->h_addr,buf,sizeof(buf)),
239 host->h_name));
240
241 cname = host->h_name; /* CNAME gets put here */
242 if (!cname)
243 printf("Failed to get CNAME for %s\n", name);
244 else
245 find_country_from_cname(cname, *(struct in_addr*)host->h_addr);
246 }
247
248 /*
249 * This is the callback used to obtain the IP-address of the host of interest.
250 */
callback2(void * arg,int status,int timeouts,struct hostent * host)251 static void callback2(void *arg, int status, int timeouts, struct hostent *host)
252 {
253 struct in_addr *addr = (struct in_addr*) arg;
254
255 (void)timeouts;
256 if (!host || status != ARES_SUCCESS)
257 memset(addr, INADDR_NONE, sizeof(*addr));
258 else
259 memcpy(addr, host->h_addr, sizeof(*addr));
260 }
261
262 struct search_list {
263 int country_number; /* ISO-3166 country number */
264 char short_name[3]; /* A2 short country code */
265 const char *long_name; /* normal country name */
266 };
267
list_lookup(int number,const struct search_list * list,int num)268 static const struct search_list *list_lookup(int number, const struct search_list *list, int num)
269 {
270 while (num > 0 && list->long_name)
271 {
272 if (list->country_number == number)
273 return (list);
274 num--;
275 list++;
276 }
277 return (NULL);
278 }
279
280 /*
281 * Ref: ftp://ftp.ripe.net/iso3166-countrycodes.txt
282 */
283 static const struct search_list country_list[] = {
284 { 4, "af", "Afghanistan" },
285 { 248, "ax", "�land Island" },
286 { 8, "al", "Albania" },
287 { 12, "dz", "Algeria" },
288 { 16, "as", "American Samoa" },
289 { 20, "ad", "Andorra" },
290 { 24, "ao", "Angola" },
291 { 660, "ai", "Anguilla" },
292 { 10, "aq", "Antarctica" },
293 { 28, "ag", "Antigua & Barbuda" },
294 { 32, "ar", "Argentina" },
295 { 51, "am", "Armenia" },
296 { 533, "aw", "Aruba" },
297 { 36, "au", "Australia" },
298 { 40, "at", "Austria" },
299 { 31, "az", "Azerbaijan" },
300 { 44, "bs", "Bahamas" },
301 { 48, "bh", "Bahrain" },
302 { 50, "bd", "Bangladesh" },
303 { 52, "bb", "Barbados" },
304 { 112, "by", "Belarus" },
305 { 56, "be", "Belgium" },
306 { 84, "bz", "Belize" },
307 { 204, "bj", "Benin" },
308 { 60, "bm", "Bermuda" },
309 { 64, "bt", "Bhutan" },
310 { 68, "bo", "Bolivia" },
311 { 70, "ba", "Bosnia & Herzegowina" },
312 { 72, "bw", "Botswana" },
313 { 74, "bv", "Bouvet Island" },
314 { 76, "br", "Brazil" },
315 { 86, "io", "British Indian Ocean Territory" },
316 { 96, "bn", "Brunei Darussalam" },
317 { 100, "bg", "Bulgaria" },
318 { 854, "bf", "Burkina Faso" },
319 { 108, "bi", "Burundi" },
320 { 116, "kh", "Cambodia" },
321 { 120, "cm", "Cameroon" },
322 { 124, "ca", "Canada" },
323 { 132, "cv", "Cape Verde" },
324 { 136, "ky", "Cayman Islands" },
325 { 140, "cf", "Central African Republic" },
326 { 148, "td", "Chad" },
327 { 152, "cl", "Chile" },
328 { 156, "cn", "China" },
329 { 162, "cx", "Christmas Island" },
330 { 166, "cc", "Cocos Islands" },
331 { 170, "co", "Colombia" },
332 { 174, "km", "Comoros" },
333 { 178, "cg", "Congo" },
334 { 180, "cd", "Congo" },
335 { 184, "ck", "Cook Islands" },
336 { 188, "cr", "Costa Rica" },
337 { 384, "ci", "Cote d'Ivoire" },
338 { 191, "hr", "Croatia" },
339 { 192, "cu", "Cuba" },
340 { 196, "cy", "Cyprus" },
341 { 203, "cz", "Czech Republic" },
342 { 208, "dk", "Denmark" },
343 { 262, "dj", "Djibouti" },
344 { 212, "dm", "Dominica" },
345 { 214, "do", "Dominican Republic" },
346 { 218, "ec", "Ecuador" },
347 { 818, "eg", "Egypt" },
348 { 222, "sv", "El Salvador" },
349 { 226, "gq", "Equatorial Guinea" },
350 { 232, "er", "Eritrea" },
351 { 233, "ee", "Estonia" },
352 { 231, "et", "Ethiopia" },
353 { 238, "fk", "Falkland Islands" },
354 { 234, "fo", "Faroe Islands" },
355 { 242, "fj", "Fiji" },
356 { 246, "fi", "Finland" },
357 { 250, "fr", "France" },
358 { 249, "fx", "France, Metropolitan" },
359 { 254, "gf", "French Guiana" },
360 { 258, "pf", "French Polynesia" },
361 { 260, "tf", "French Southern Territories" },
362 { 266, "ga", "Gabon" },
363 { 270, "gm", "Gambia" },
364 { 268, "ge", "Georgia" },
365 { 276, "de", "Germany" },
366 { 288, "gh", "Ghana" },
367 { 292, "gi", "Gibraltar" },
368 { 300, "gr", "Greece" },
369 { 304, "gl", "Greenland" },
370 { 308, "gd", "Grenada" },
371 { 312, "gp", "Guadeloupe" },
372 { 316, "gu", "Guam" },
373 { 320, "gt", "Guatemala" },
374 { 324, "gn", "Guinea" },
375 { 624, "gw", "Guinea-Bissau" },
376 { 328, "gy", "Guyana" },
377 { 332, "ht", "Haiti" },
378 { 334, "hm", "Heard & Mc Donald Islands" },
379 { 336, "va", "Vatican City" },
380 { 340, "hn", "Honduras" },
381 { 344, "hk", "Hong kong" },
382 { 348, "hu", "Hungary" },
383 { 352, "is", "Iceland" },
384 { 356, "in", "India" },
385 { 360, "id", "Indonesia" },
386 { 364, "ir", "Iran" },
387 { 368, "iq", "Iraq" },
388 { 372, "ie", "Ireland" },
389 { 376, "il", "Israel" },
390 { 380, "it", "Italy" },
391 { 388, "jm", "Jamaica" },
392 { 392, "jp", "Japan" },
393 { 400, "jo", "Jordan" },
394 { 398, "kz", "Kazakhstan" },
395 { 404, "ke", "Kenya" },
396 { 296, "ki", "Kiribati" },
397 { 408, "kp", "Korea (north)" },
398 { 410, "kr", "Korea (south)" },
399 { 414, "kw", "Kuwait" },
400 { 417, "kg", "Kyrgyzstan" },
401 { 418, "la", "Laos" },
402 { 428, "lv", "Latvia" },
403 { 422, "lb", "Lebanon" },
404 { 426, "ls", "Lesotho" },
405 { 430, "lr", "Liberia" },
406 { 434, "ly", "Libya" },
407 { 438, "li", "Liechtenstein" },
408 { 440, "lt", "Lithuania" },
409 { 442, "lu", "Luxembourg" },
410 { 446, "mo", "Macao" },
411 { 807, "mk", "Macedonia" },
412 { 450, "mg", "Madagascar" },
413 { 454, "mw", "Malawi" },
414 { 458, "my", "Malaysia" },
415 { 462, "mv", "Maldives" },
416 { 466, "ml", "Mali" },
417 { 470, "mt", "Malta" },
418 { 584, "mh", "Marshall Islands" },
419 { 474, "mq", "Martinique" },
420 { 478, "mr", "Mauritania" },
421 { 480, "mu", "Mauritius" },
422 { 175, "yt", "Mayotte" },
423 { 484, "mx", "Mexico" },
424 { 583, "fm", "Micronesia" },
425 { 498, "md", "Moldova" },
426 { 492, "mc", "Monaco" },
427 { 496, "mn", "Mongolia" },
428 { 500, "ms", "Montserrat" },
429 { 504, "ma", "Morocco" },
430 { 508, "mz", "Mozambique" },
431 { 104, "mm", "Myanmar" },
432 { 516, "na", "Namibia" },
433 { 520, "nr", "Nauru" },
434 { 524, "np", "Nepal" },
435 { 528, "nl", "Netherlands" },
436 { 530, "an", "Netherlands Antilles" },
437 { 540, "nc", "New Caledonia" },
438 { 554, "nz", "New Zealand" },
439 { 558, "ni", "Nicaragua" },
440 { 562, "ne", "Niger" },
441 { 566, "ng", "Nigeria" },
442 { 570, "nu", "Niue" },
443 { 574, "nf", "Norfolk Island" },
444 { 580, "mp", "Northern Mariana Islands" },
445 { 578, "no", "Norway" },
446 { 512, "om", "Oman" },
447 { 586, "pk", "Pakistan" },
448 { 585, "pw", "Palau" },
449 { 275, "ps", "Palestinian Territory" },
450 { 591, "pa", "Panama" },
451 { 598, "pg", "Papua New Guinea" },
452 { 600, "py", "Paraguay" },
453 { 604, "pe", "Peru" },
454 { 608, "ph", "Philippines" },
455 { 612, "pn", "Pitcairn" },
456 { 616, "pl", "Poland" },
457 { 620, "pt", "Portugal" },
458 { 630, "pr", "Puerto Rico" },
459 { 634, "qa", "Qatar" },
460 { 638, "re", "Reunion" },
461 { 642, "ro", "Romania" },
462 { 643, "ru", "Russia" },
463 { 646, "rw", "Rwanda" },
464 { 659, "kn", "Saint Kitts & Nevis" },
465 { 662, "lc", "Saint Lucia" },
466 { 670, "vc", "Saint Vincent" },
467 { 882, "ws", "Samoa" },
468 { 674, "sm", "San Marino" },
469 { 678, "st", "Sao Tome & Principe" },
470 { 682, "sa", "Saudi Arabia" },
471 { 686, "sn", "Senegal" },
472 { 891, "cs", "Serbia and Montenegro" },
473 { 690, "sc", "Seychelles" },
474 { 694, "sl", "Sierra Leone" },
475 { 702, "sg", "Singapore" },
476 { 703, "sk", "Slovakia" },
477 { 705, "si", "Slovenia" },
478 { 90, "sb", "Solomon Islands" },
479 { 706, "so", "Somalia" },
480 { 710, "za", "South Africa" },
481 { 239, "gs", "South Georgia" },
482 { 724, "es", "Spain" },
483 { 144, "lk", "Sri Lanka" },
484 { 654, "sh", "St. Helena" },
485 { 666, "pm", "St. Pierre & Miquelon" },
486 { 736, "sd", "Sudan" },
487 { 740, "sr", "Suriname" },
488 { 744, "sj", "Svalbard & Jan Mayen Islands" },
489 { 748, "sz", "Swaziland" },
490 { 752, "se", "Sweden" },
491 { 756, "ch", "Switzerland" },
492 { 760, "sy", "Syrian Arab Republic" },
493 { 626, "tl", "Timor-Leste" },
494 { 158, "tw", "Taiwan" },
495 { 762, "tj", "Tajikistan" },
496 { 834, "tz", "Tanzania" },
497 { 764, "th", "Thailand" },
498 { 768, "tg", "Togo" },
499 { 772, "tk", "Tokelau" },
500 { 776, "to", "Tonga" },
501 { 780, "tt", "Trinidad & Tobago" },
502 { 788, "tn", "Tunisia" },
503 { 792, "tr", "Turkey" },
504 { 795, "tm", "Turkmenistan" },
505 { 796, "tc", "Turks & Caicos Islands" },
506 { 798, "tv", "Tuvalu" },
507 { 800, "ug", "Uganda" },
508 { 804, "ua", "Ukraine" },
509 { 784, "ae", "United Arab Emirates" },
510 { 826, "gb", "United Kingdom" },
511 { 840, "us", "United States" },
512 { 581, "um", "United States Minor Outlying Islands" },
513 { 858, "uy", "Uruguay" },
514 { 860, "uz", "Uzbekistan" },
515 { 548, "vu", "Vanuatu" },
516 { 862, "ve", "Venezuela" },
517 { 704, "vn", "Vietnam" },
518 { 92, "vg", "Virgin Islands (British)" },
519 { 850, "vi", "Virgin Islands (US)" },
520 { 876, "wf", "Wallis & Futuna Islands" },
521 { 732, "eh", "Western Sahara" },
522 { 887, "ye", "Yemen" },
523 { 894, "zm", "Zambia" },
524 { 716, "zw", "Zimbabwe" }
525 };
526
527 /*
528 * Check if start of 'str' is simply an IPv4 address.
529 */
530 #define BYTE_OK(x) ((x) >= 0 && (x) <= 255)
531
is_addr(char * str,char ** end)532 static int is_addr(char *str, char **end)
533 {
534 int a0, a1, a2, a3, num, rc = 0, length = 0;
535
536 num = sscanf(str,"%3d.%3d.%3d.%3d%n",&a0,&a1,&a2,&a3,&length);
537 if( (num == 4) &&
538 BYTE_OK(a0) && BYTE_OK(a1) && BYTE_OK(a2) && BYTE_OK(a3) &&
539 length >= (3+4))
540 {
541 rc = 1;
542 *end = str + length;
543 }
544 return rc;
545 }
546
547 /*
548 * Find the country-code and name from the CNAME. E.g.:
549 * version 1: CNAME = zzno.countries.nerd.dk with address 127.0.2.66
550 * yields ccode_A" = "no" and cnumber 578 (2.66).
551 * version 2: CNAME = <a.b.c.d>.zz.countries.nerd.dk with address 127.0.2.66
552 * yields cnumber 578 (2.66). ccode_A is "";
553 */
find_country_from_cname(const char * cname,struct in_addr addr)554 static void find_country_from_cname(const char *cname, struct in_addr addr)
555 {
556 const struct search_list *country;
557 char ccode_A2[3], *ccopy, *dot_4;
558 int cnumber, z0, z1, ver_1, ver_2;
559 unsigned long ip;
560
561 ip = ntohl(addr.s_addr);
562 z0 = TOLOWER(cname[0]);
563 z1 = TOLOWER(cname[1]);
564 ccopy = strdup(cname);
565 dot_4 = NULL;
566
567 ver_1 = (z0 == 'z' && z1 == 'z' && !strcasecmp(cname+4,nerd_ver1));
568 ver_2 = (is_addr(ccopy,&dot_4) && !strcasecmp(dot_4,nerd_ver2));
569
570 if (ver_1)
571 {
572 const char *dot = strchr(cname, '.');
573 if ((z0 != 'z' && z1 != 'z') || dot != cname+4)
574 {
575 printf("Unexpected CNAME %s (ver_1)\n", cname);
576 return;
577 }
578 }
579 else if (ver_2)
580 {
581 z0 = TOLOWER(dot_4[1]);
582 z1 = TOLOWER(dot_4[2]);
583 if (z0 != 'z' && z1 != 'z')
584 {
585 printf("Unexpected CNAME %s (ver_2)\n", cname);
586 return;
587 }
588 }
589 else
590 {
591 printf("Unexpected CNAME %s (ver?)\n", cname);
592 return;
593 }
594
595 if (ver_1)
596 {
597 ccode_A2[0] = (char)TOLOWER(cname[2]);
598 ccode_A2[1] = (char)TOLOWER(cname[3]);
599 ccode_A2[2] = '\0';
600 }
601 else
602 ccode_A2[0] = '\0';
603
604 cnumber = ip & 0xFFFF;
605
606 TRACE(("Found country-code `%s', number %d\n",
607 ver_1 ? ccode_A2 : "<n/a>", cnumber));
608
609 country = list_lookup(cnumber, country_list,
610 sizeof(country_list) / sizeof(country_list[0]));
611 if (!country)
612 printf("Name for country-number %d not found.\n", cnumber);
613 else
614 {
615 if (ver_1)
616 {
617 if ((country->short_name[0] != ccode_A2[0]) ||
618 (country->short_name[1] != ccode_A2[1]) ||
619 (country->short_name[2] != ccode_A2[2]))
620 printf("short-name mismatch; %s vs %s\n",
621 country->short_name, ccode_A2);
622 }
623 printf("%s (%s), number %d.\n",
624 country->long_name, country->short_name, cnumber);
625 }
626 free(ccopy);
627 }
628
629