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1 /*
2  * openfs.c --- open an ext2 filesystem
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 Theodore Ts'o.
5  *
6  * %Begin-Header%
7  * This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Library
8  * General Public License, version 2.
9  * %End-Header%
10  */
11 
12 #include "config.h"
13 #include <stdio.h>
14 #include <string.h>
15 #if HAVE_UNISTD_H
16 #include <unistd.h>
17 #endif
18 #include <fcntl.h>
19 #include <time.h>
20 #if HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
21 #include <sys/stat.h>
22 #endif
23 #if HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
24 #include <sys/types.h>
25 #endif
26 #ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
27 #include <errno.h>
28 #endif
29 
30 #include "ext2_fs.h"
31 
32 
33 #include "ext2fs.h"
34 #include "e2image.h"
35 
ext2fs_descriptor_block_loc2(ext2_filsys fs,blk64_t group_block,dgrp_t i)36 blk64_t ext2fs_descriptor_block_loc2(ext2_filsys fs, blk64_t group_block,
37 				     dgrp_t i)
38 {
39 	int	bg;
40 	int	has_super = 0, group_zero_adjust = 0;
41 	blk64_t	ret_blk;
42 
43 	/*
44 	 * On a bigalloc FS with 1K blocks, block 0 is reserved for non-ext4
45 	 * stuff, so adjust for that if we're being asked for group 0.
46 	 */
47 	if (i == 0 && fs->blocksize == 1024 && EXT2FS_CLUSTER_RATIO(fs) > 1)
48 		group_zero_adjust = 1;
49 
50 	if (!ext2fs_has_feature_meta_bg(fs->super) ||
51 	    (i < fs->super->s_first_meta_bg))
52 		return group_block + i + 1 + group_zero_adjust;
53 
54 	bg = EXT2_DESC_PER_BLOCK(fs->super) * i;
55 	if (ext2fs_bg_has_super(fs, bg))
56 		has_super = 1;
57 	ret_blk = ext2fs_group_first_block2(fs, bg);
58 	/*
59 	 * If group_block is not the normal value, we're trying to use
60 	 * the backup group descriptors and superblock --- so use the
61 	 * alternate location of the second block group in the
62 	 * metablock group.  Ideally we should be testing each bg
63 	 * descriptor block individually for correctness, but we don't
64 	 * have the infrastructure in place to do that.
65 	 */
66 	if (group_block != fs->super->s_first_data_block &&
67 	    ((ret_blk + has_super + fs->super->s_blocks_per_group) <
68 	     ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super))) {
69 		ret_blk += fs->super->s_blocks_per_group;
70 
71 		/*
72 		 * If we're going to jump forward a block group, make sure
73 		 * that we adjust has_super to account for the next group's
74 		 * backup superblock (or lack thereof).
75 		 */
76 		if (ext2fs_bg_has_super(fs, bg + 1))
77 			has_super = 1;
78 		else
79 			has_super = 0;
80 	}
81 	return ret_blk + has_super + group_zero_adjust;
82 }
83 
ext2fs_descriptor_block_loc(ext2_filsys fs,blk_t group_block,dgrp_t i)84 blk_t ext2fs_descriptor_block_loc(ext2_filsys fs, blk_t group_block, dgrp_t i)
85 {
86 	return ext2fs_descriptor_block_loc2(fs, group_block, i);
87 }
88 
ext2fs_open(const char * name,int flags,int superblock,unsigned int block_size,io_manager manager,ext2_filsys * ret_fs)89 errcode_t ext2fs_open(const char *name, int flags, int superblock,
90 		      unsigned int block_size, io_manager manager,
91 		      ext2_filsys *ret_fs)
92 {
93 	return ext2fs_open2(name, 0, flags, superblock, block_size,
94 			    manager, ret_fs);
95 }
96 
97 /*
98  *  Note: if superblock is non-zero, block-size must also be non-zero.
99  * 	Superblock and block_size can be zero to use the default size.
100  *
101  * Valid flags for ext2fs_open()
102  *
103  * 	EXT2_FLAG_RW	- Open the filesystem for read/write.
104  * 	EXT2_FLAG_FORCE - Open the filesystem even if some of the
105  *				features aren't supported.
106  *	EXT2_FLAG_JOURNAL_DEV_OK - Open an ext3 journal device
107  *	EXT2_FLAG_SKIP_MMP - Open without multi-mount protection check.
108  *	EXT2_FLAG_64BITS - Allow 64-bit bitfields (needed for large
109  *				filesystems)
110  */
ext2fs_open2(const char * name,const char * io_options,int flags,int superblock,unsigned int block_size,io_manager manager,ext2_filsys * ret_fs)111 errcode_t ext2fs_open2(const char *name, const char *io_options,
112 		       int flags, int superblock,
113 		       unsigned int block_size, io_manager manager,
114 		       ext2_filsys *ret_fs)
115 {
116 	ext2_filsys	fs;
117 	errcode_t	retval;
118 	unsigned long	i, first_meta_bg;
119 	__u32		features;
120 	unsigned int	blocks_per_group, io_flags;
121 	blk64_t		group_block, blk;
122 	char		*dest, *cp;
123 	int		group_zero_adjust = 0;
124 #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
125 	unsigned int	groups_per_block;
126 	struct ext2_group_desc *gdp;
127 	int		j;
128 #endif
129 	char		*time_env;
130 
131 	EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(manager, EXT2_ET_MAGIC_IO_MANAGER);
132 
133 	retval = ext2fs_get_mem(sizeof(struct struct_ext2_filsys), &fs);
134 	if (retval)
135 		return retval;
136 
137 	memset(fs, 0, sizeof(struct struct_ext2_filsys));
138 	fs->magic = EXT2_ET_MAGIC_EXT2FS_FILSYS;
139 	fs->flags = flags;
140 	/* don't overwrite sb backups unless flag is explicitly cleared */
141 	fs->flags |= EXT2_FLAG_MASTER_SB_ONLY;
142 	fs->umask = 022;
143 
144 	time_env = getenv("E2FSPROGS_FAKE_TIME");
145 	if (time_env)
146 		fs->now = strtoul(time_env, NULL, 0);
147 
148 	retval = ext2fs_get_mem(strlen(name)+1, &fs->device_name);
149 	if (retval)
150 		goto cleanup;
151 	strcpy(fs->device_name, name);
152 	cp = strchr(fs->device_name, '?');
153 	if (!io_options && cp) {
154 		*cp++ = 0;
155 		io_options = cp;
156 	}
157 
158 	io_flags = 0;
159 	if (flags & EXT2_FLAG_RW)
160 		io_flags |= IO_FLAG_RW;
161 	if (flags & EXT2_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE)
162 		io_flags |= IO_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE;
163 	if (flags & EXT2_FLAG_DIRECT_IO)
164 		io_flags |= IO_FLAG_DIRECT_IO;
165 	retval = manager->open(fs->device_name, io_flags, &fs->io);
166 	if (retval)
167 		goto cleanup;
168 	if (io_options &&
169 	    (retval = io_channel_set_options(fs->io, io_options)))
170 		goto cleanup;
171 	fs->image_io = fs->io;
172 	fs->io->app_data = fs;
173 	retval = io_channel_alloc_buf(fs->io, -SUPERBLOCK_SIZE, &fs->super);
174 	if (retval)
175 		goto cleanup;
176 	if (flags & EXT2_FLAG_IMAGE_FILE) {
177 		retval = ext2fs_get_mem(sizeof(struct ext2_image_hdr),
178 					&fs->image_header);
179 		if (retval)
180 			goto cleanup;
181 		retval = io_channel_read_blk(fs->io, 0,
182 					     -(int)sizeof(struct ext2_image_hdr),
183 					     fs->image_header);
184 		if (retval)
185 			goto cleanup;
186 		if (fs->image_header->magic_number != EXT2_ET_MAGIC_E2IMAGE)
187 			return EXT2_ET_MAGIC_E2IMAGE;
188 		superblock = 1;
189 		block_size = fs->image_header->fs_blocksize;
190 	}
191 
192 	/*
193 	 * If the user specifies a specific block # for the
194 	 * superblock, then he/she must also specify the block size!
195 	 * Otherwise, read the master superblock located at offset
196 	 * SUPERBLOCK_OFFSET from the start of the partition.
197 	 *
198 	 * Note: we only save a backup copy of the superblock if we
199 	 * are reading the superblock from the primary superblock location.
200 	 */
201 	if (superblock) {
202 		if (!block_size) {
203 			retval = EXT2_ET_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
204 			goto cleanup;
205 		}
206 		io_channel_set_blksize(fs->io, block_size);
207 		group_block = superblock;
208 		fs->orig_super = 0;
209 	} else {
210 		io_channel_set_blksize(fs->io, SUPERBLOCK_OFFSET);
211 		superblock = 1;
212 		group_block = 0;
213 		retval = ext2fs_get_mem(SUPERBLOCK_SIZE, &fs->orig_super);
214 		if (retval)
215 			goto cleanup;
216 	}
217 	retval = io_channel_read_blk(fs->io, superblock, -SUPERBLOCK_SIZE,
218 				     fs->super);
219 	if (retval)
220 		goto cleanup;
221 	if (fs->orig_super)
222 		memcpy(fs->orig_super, fs->super, SUPERBLOCK_SIZE);
223 
224 	if (!(fs->flags & EXT2_FLAG_IGNORE_CSUM_ERRORS)) {
225 		retval = 0;
226 		if (!ext2fs_verify_csum_type(fs, fs->super))
227 			retval = EXT2_ET_UNKNOWN_CSUM;
228 		if (!ext2fs_superblock_csum_verify(fs, fs->super))
229 			retval = EXT2_ET_SB_CSUM_INVALID;
230 	}
231 
232 #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
233 	fs->flags |= EXT2_FLAG_SWAP_BYTES;
234 	ext2fs_swap_super(fs->super);
235 #else
236 	if (fs->flags & EXT2_FLAG_SWAP_BYTES) {
237 		retval = EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED;
238 		goto cleanup;
239 	}
240 #endif
241 
242 	if (fs->super->s_magic != EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC)
243 		retval = EXT2_ET_BAD_MAGIC;
244 	if (retval)
245 		goto cleanup;
246 
247 	if (fs->super->s_rev_level > EXT2_LIB_CURRENT_REV) {
248 		retval = EXT2_ET_REV_TOO_HIGH;
249 		goto cleanup;
250 	}
251 
252 	/*
253 	 * Check for feature set incompatibility
254 	 */
255 	if (!(flags & EXT2_FLAG_FORCE)) {
256 		features = fs->super->s_feature_incompat;
257 #ifdef EXT2_LIB_SOFTSUPP_INCOMPAT
258 		if (flags & EXT2_FLAG_SOFTSUPP_FEATURES)
259 			features &= ~EXT2_LIB_SOFTSUPP_INCOMPAT;
260 #endif
261 		if (features & ~EXT2_LIB_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_SUPP) {
262 			retval = EXT2_ET_UNSUPP_FEATURE;
263 			goto cleanup;
264 		}
265 
266 		features = fs->super->s_feature_ro_compat;
267 #ifdef EXT2_LIB_SOFTSUPP_RO_COMPAT
268 		if (flags & EXT2_FLAG_SOFTSUPP_FEATURES)
269 			features &= ~EXT2_LIB_SOFTSUPP_RO_COMPAT;
270 #endif
271 		if ((flags & EXT2_FLAG_RW) &&
272 		    (features & ~EXT2_LIB_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SUPP)) {
273 			retval = EXT2_ET_RO_UNSUPP_FEATURE;
274 			goto cleanup;
275 		}
276 
277 		if (!(flags & EXT2_FLAG_JOURNAL_DEV_OK) &&
278 		    ext2fs_has_feature_journal_dev(fs->super)) {
279 			retval = EXT2_ET_UNSUPP_FEATURE;
280 			goto cleanup;
281 		}
282 	}
283 
284 	if ((fs->super->s_log_block_size + EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE) >
285 	    EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE) {
286 		retval = EXT2_ET_CORRUPT_SUPERBLOCK;
287 		goto cleanup;
288 	}
289 
290 	/*
291 	 * bigalloc requires cluster-aware bitfield operations, which at the
292 	 * moment means we need EXT2_FLAG_64BITS.
293 	 */
294 	if (ext2fs_has_feature_bigalloc(fs->super) &&
295 	    !(flags & EXT2_FLAG_64BITS)) {
296 		retval = EXT2_ET_CANT_USE_LEGACY_BITMAPS;
297 		goto cleanup;
298 	}
299 
300 	if (!ext2fs_has_feature_bigalloc(fs->super) &&
301 	    (fs->super->s_log_block_size != fs->super->s_log_cluster_size)) {
302 		retval = EXT2_ET_CORRUPT_SUPERBLOCK;
303 		goto cleanup;
304 	}
305 	fs->fragsize = fs->blocksize = EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(fs->super);
306 	if (EXT2_INODE_SIZE(fs->super) < EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE) {
307 		retval = EXT2_ET_CORRUPT_SUPERBLOCK;
308 		goto cleanup;
309 	}
310 
311 	/* Enforce the block group descriptor size */
312 	if (ext2fs_has_feature_64bit(fs->super)) {
313 		if (fs->super->s_desc_size < EXT2_MIN_DESC_SIZE_64BIT) {
314 			retval = EXT2_ET_BAD_DESC_SIZE;
315 			goto cleanup;
316 		}
317 	} else {
318 		if (fs->super->s_desc_size &&
319 		    fs->super->s_desc_size != EXT2_MIN_DESC_SIZE) {
320 			retval = EXT2_ET_BAD_DESC_SIZE;
321 			goto cleanup;
322 		}
323 	}
324 
325 	fs->cluster_ratio_bits = fs->super->s_log_cluster_size -
326 		fs->super->s_log_block_size;
327 	if (EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(fs->super) !=
328 	    EXT2_CLUSTERS_PER_GROUP(fs->super) << fs->cluster_ratio_bits) {
329 		retval = EXT2_ET_CORRUPT_SUPERBLOCK;
330 		goto cleanup;
331 	}
332 	fs->inode_blocks_per_group = ((EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(fs->super) *
333 				       EXT2_INODE_SIZE(fs->super) +
334 				       EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(fs->super) - 1) /
335 				      EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(fs->super));
336 	if (block_size) {
337 		if (block_size != fs->blocksize) {
338 			retval = EXT2_ET_UNEXPECTED_BLOCK_SIZE;
339 			goto cleanup;
340 		}
341 	}
342 	/*
343 	 * Set the blocksize to the filesystem's blocksize.
344 	 */
345 	io_channel_set_blksize(fs->io, fs->blocksize);
346 
347 	/*
348 	 * If this is an external journal device, don't try to read
349 	 * the group descriptors, because they're not there.
350 	 */
351 	if (ext2fs_has_feature_journal_dev(fs->super)) {
352 		fs->group_desc_count = 0;
353 		*ret_fs = fs;
354 		return 0;
355 	}
356 
357 	if (EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(fs->super) == 0) {
358 		retval = EXT2_ET_CORRUPT_SUPERBLOCK;
359 		goto cleanup;
360 	}
361 	/* Precompute the FS UUID to seed other checksums */
362 	ext2fs_init_csum_seed(fs);
363 
364 	/*
365 	 * Read group descriptors
366 	 */
367 	blocks_per_group = EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(fs->super);
368 	if (blocks_per_group == 0 ||
369 	    blocks_per_group > EXT2_MAX_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(fs->super) ||
370 	    fs->inode_blocks_per_group > EXT2_MAX_INODES_PER_GROUP(fs->super) ||
371            EXT2_DESC_PER_BLOCK(fs->super) == 0 ||
372            fs->super->s_first_data_block >= ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super)) {
373 		retval = EXT2_ET_CORRUPT_SUPERBLOCK;
374 		goto cleanup;
375 	}
376 	fs->group_desc_count = ext2fs_div64_ceil(ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super) -
377 						 fs->super->s_first_data_block,
378 						 blocks_per_group);
379 	if (fs->group_desc_count * EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(fs->super) !=
380 	    fs->super->s_inodes_count) {
381 		retval = EXT2_ET_CORRUPT_SUPERBLOCK;
382 		goto cleanup;
383 	}
384 	fs->desc_blocks = ext2fs_div_ceil(fs->group_desc_count,
385 					  EXT2_DESC_PER_BLOCK(fs->super));
386 	retval = ext2fs_get_array(fs->desc_blocks, fs->blocksize,
387 				&fs->group_desc);
388 	if (retval)
389 		goto cleanup;
390 	if (!group_block)
391 		group_block = fs->super->s_first_data_block;
392 	/*
393 	 * On a FS with a 1K blocksize, block 0 is reserved for bootloaders
394 	 * so we must increment block numbers to any group 0 items.
395 	 *
396 	 * However, we cannot touch group_block directly because in the meta_bg
397 	 * case, the ext2fs_descriptor_block_loc2() function will interpret
398 	 * group_block != s_first_data_block to mean that we want to access the
399 	 * backup group descriptors.  This is not what we want if the caller
400 	 * set superblock == 0 (i.e. auto-detect the superblock), which is
401 	 * what's going on here.
402 	 */
403 	if (group_block == 0 && fs->blocksize == 1024)
404 		group_zero_adjust = 1;
405 	dest = (char *) fs->group_desc;
406 #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
407 	groups_per_block = EXT2_DESC_PER_BLOCK(fs->super);
408 #endif
409 	if (ext2fs_has_feature_meta_bg(fs->super)) {
410 		first_meta_bg = fs->super->s_first_meta_bg;
411 		if (first_meta_bg > fs->desc_blocks)
412 			first_meta_bg = fs->desc_blocks;
413 	} else
414 		first_meta_bg = fs->desc_blocks;
415 	if (first_meta_bg) {
416 		retval = io_channel_read_blk(fs->io, group_block +
417 					     group_zero_adjust + 1,
418 					     first_meta_bg, dest);
419 		if (retval)
420 			goto cleanup;
421 #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
422 		gdp = (struct ext2_group_desc *) dest;
423 		for (j=0; j < groups_per_block*first_meta_bg; j++) {
424 			gdp = ext2fs_group_desc(fs, fs->group_desc, j);
425 			ext2fs_swap_group_desc2(fs, gdp);
426 		}
427 #endif
428 		dest += fs->blocksize*first_meta_bg;
429 	}
430 	for (i=first_meta_bg ; i < fs->desc_blocks; i++) {
431 		blk = ext2fs_descriptor_block_loc2(fs, group_block, i);
432 		retval = io_channel_read_blk64(fs->io, blk, 1, dest);
433 		if (retval)
434 			goto cleanup;
435 #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
436 		for (j=0; j < groups_per_block; j++) {
437 			gdp = ext2fs_group_desc(fs, fs->group_desc,
438 						i * groups_per_block + j);
439 			ext2fs_swap_group_desc2(fs, gdp);
440 		}
441 #endif
442 		dest += fs->blocksize;
443 	}
444 
445 	fs->stride = fs->super->s_raid_stride;
446 
447 	/*
448 	 * If recovery is from backup superblock, Clear _UNININT flags &
449 	 * reset bg_itable_unused to zero
450 	 */
451 	if (superblock > 1 && ext2fs_has_group_desc_csum(fs)) {
452 		dgrp_t group;
453 
454 		for (group = 0; group < fs->group_desc_count; group++) {
455 			ext2fs_bg_flags_clear(fs, group, EXT2_BG_BLOCK_UNINIT);
456 			ext2fs_bg_flags_clear(fs, group, EXT2_BG_INODE_UNINIT);
457 			ext2fs_bg_itable_unused_set(fs, group, 0);
458 			/* The checksum will be reset later, but fix it here
459 			 * anyway to avoid printing a lot of spurious errors. */
460 			ext2fs_group_desc_csum_set(fs, group);
461 		}
462 		if (fs->flags & EXT2_FLAG_RW)
463 			ext2fs_mark_super_dirty(fs);
464 	}
465 
466 	if (ext2fs_has_feature_mmp(fs->super) &&
467 	    !(flags & EXT2_FLAG_SKIP_MMP) &&
468 	    (flags & (EXT2_FLAG_RW | EXT2_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE))) {
469 		retval = ext2fs_mmp_start(fs);
470 		if (retval) {
471 			fs->flags |= EXT2_FLAG_SKIP_MMP; /* just do cleanup */
472 			ext2fs_mmp_stop(fs);
473 			goto cleanup;
474 		}
475 	}
476 
477 	fs->flags &= ~EXT2_FLAG_NOFREE_ON_ERROR;
478 	*ret_fs = fs;
479 
480 	return 0;
481 cleanup:
482 	if (!(flags & EXT2_FLAG_NOFREE_ON_ERROR)) {
483 		ext2fs_free(fs);
484 		fs = NULL;
485 	}
486 	*ret_fs = fs;
487 	return retval;
488 }
489 
490 /*
491  * Set/get the filesystem data I/O channel.
492  *
493  * These functions are only valid if EXT2_FLAG_IMAGE_FILE is true.
494  */
ext2fs_get_data_io(ext2_filsys fs,io_channel * old_io)495 errcode_t ext2fs_get_data_io(ext2_filsys fs, io_channel *old_io)
496 {
497 	if ((fs->flags & EXT2_FLAG_IMAGE_FILE) == 0)
498 		return EXT2_ET_NOT_IMAGE_FILE;
499 	if (old_io) {
500 		*old_io = (fs->image_io == fs->io) ? 0 : fs->io;
501 	}
502 	return 0;
503 }
504 
ext2fs_set_data_io(ext2_filsys fs,io_channel new_io)505 errcode_t ext2fs_set_data_io(ext2_filsys fs, io_channel new_io)
506 {
507 	if ((fs->flags & EXT2_FLAG_IMAGE_FILE) == 0)
508 		return EXT2_ET_NOT_IMAGE_FILE;
509 	fs->io = new_io ? new_io : fs->image_io;
510 	return 0;
511 }
512 
ext2fs_rewrite_to_io(ext2_filsys fs,io_channel new_io)513 errcode_t ext2fs_rewrite_to_io(ext2_filsys fs, io_channel new_io)
514 {
515 	errcode_t err;
516 
517 	if ((fs->flags & EXT2_FLAG_IMAGE_FILE) == 0)
518 		return EXT2_ET_NOT_IMAGE_FILE;
519 	err = io_channel_set_blksize(new_io, fs->blocksize);
520 	if (err)
521 		return err;
522 	if ((new_io == fs->image_io) || (new_io == fs->io))
523 		return 0;
524 	if ((fs->image_io != fs->io) &&
525 	    fs->image_io)
526 		io_channel_close(fs->image_io);
527 	if (fs->io)
528 		io_channel_close(fs->io);
529 	fs->io = fs->image_io = new_io;
530 	fs->flags |= EXT2_FLAG_DIRTY | EXT2_FLAG_RW |
531 		EXT2_FLAG_BB_DIRTY | EXT2_FLAG_IB_DIRTY;
532 	fs->flags &= ~EXT2_FLAG_IMAGE_FILE;
533 	return 0;
534 }
535