1"""Extract, format and print information about Python stack traces.""" 2 3import linecache 4import sys 5import types 6 7__all__ = ['extract_stack', 'extract_tb', 'format_exception', 8 'format_exception_only', 'format_list', 'format_stack', 9 'format_tb', 'print_exc', 'format_exc', 'print_exception', 10 'print_last', 'print_stack', 'print_tb', 'tb_lineno'] 11 12def _print(file, str='', terminator='\n'): 13 file.write(str+terminator) 14 15 16def print_list(extracted_list, file=None): 17 """Print the list of tuples as returned by extract_tb() or 18 extract_stack() as a formatted stack trace to the given file.""" 19 if file is None: 20 file = sys.stderr 21 for filename, lineno, name, line in extracted_list: 22 _print(file, 23 ' File "%s", line %d, in %s' % (filename,lineno,name)) 24 if line: 25 _print(file, ' %s' % line.strip()) 26 27def format_list(extracted_list): 28 """Format a list of traceback entry tuples for printing. 29 30 Given a list of tuples as returned by extract_tb() or 31 extract_stack(), return a list of strings ready for printing. 32 Each string in the resulting list corresponds to the item with the 33 same index in the argument list. Each string ends in a newline; 34 the strings may contain internal newlines as well, for those items 35 whose source text line is not None. 36 """ 37 list = [] 38 for filename, lineno, name, line in extracted_list: 39 item = ' File "%s", line %d, in %s\n' % (filename,lineno,name) 40 if line: 41 item = item + ' %s\n' % line.strip() 42 list.append(item) 43 return list 44 45 46def print_tb(tb, limit=None, file=None): 47 """Print up to 'limit' stack trace entries from the traceback 'tb'. 48 49 If 'limit' is omitted or None, all entries are printed. If 'file' 50 is omitted or None, the output goes to sys.stderr; otherwise 51 'file' should be an open file or file-like object with a write() 52 method. 53 """ 54 if file is None: 55 file = sys.stderr 56 if limit is None: 57 if hasattr(sys, 'tracebacklimit'): 58 limit = sys.tracebacklimit 59 n = 0 60 while tb is not None and (limit is None or n < limit): 61 f = tb.tb_frame 62 lineno = tb.tb_lineno 63 co = f.f_code 64 filename = co.co_filename 65 name = co.co_name 66 _print(file, 67 ' File "%s", line %d, in %s' % (filename, lineno, name)) 68 linecache.checkcache(filename) 69 line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno, f.f_globals) 70 if line: _print(file, ' ' + line.strip()) 71 tb = tb.tb_next 72 n = n+1 73 74def format_tb(tb, limit = None): 75 """A shorthand for 'format_list(extract_tb(tb, limit))'.""" 76 return format_list(extract_tb(tb, limit)) 77 78def extract_tb(tb, limit = None): 79 """Return list of up to limit pre-processed entries from traceback. 80 81 This is useful for alternate formatting of stack traces. If 82 'limit' is omitted or None, all entries are extracted. A 83 pre-processed stack trace entry is a quadruple (filename, line 84 number, function name, text) representing the information that is 85 usually printed for a stack trace. The text is a string with 86 leading and trailing whitespace stripped; if the source is not 87 available it is None. 88 """ 89 if limit is None: 90 if hasattr(sys, 'tracebacklimit'): 91 limit = sys.tracebacklimit 92 list = [] 93 n = 0 94 while tb is not None and (limit is None or n < limit): 95 f = tb.tb_frame 96 lineno = tb.tb_lineno 97 co = f.f_code 98 filename = co.co_filename 99 name = co.co_name 100 linecache.checkcache(filename) 101 line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno, f.f_globals) 102 if line: line = line.strip() 103 else: line = None 104 list.append((filename, lineno, name, line)) 105 tb = tb.tb_next 106 n = n+1 107 return list 108 109 110def print_exception(etype, value, tb, limit=None, file=None): 111 """Print exception up to 'limit' stack trace entries from 'tb' to 'file'. 112 113 This differs from print_tb() in the following ways: (1) if 114 traceback is not None, it prints a header "Traceback (most recent 115 call last):"; (2) it prints the exception type and value after the 116 stack trace; (3) if type is SyntaxError and value has the 117 appropriate format, it prints the line where the syntax error 118 occurred with a caret on the next line indicating the approximate 119 position of the error. 120 """ 121 if file is None: 122 file = sys.stderr 123 if tb: 124 _print(file, 'Traceback (most recent call last):') 125 print_tb(tb, limit, file) 126 lines = format_exception_only(etype, value) 127 for line in lines: 128 _print(file, line, '') 129 130def format_exception(etype, value, tb, limit = None): 131 """Format a stack trace and the exception information. 132 133 The arguments have the same meaning as the corresponding arguments 134 to print_exception(). The return value is a list of strings, each 135 ending in a newline and some containing internal newlines. When 136 these lines are concatenated and printed, exactly the same text is 137 printed as does print_exception(). 138 """ 139 if tb: 140 list = ['Traceback (most recent call last):\n'] 141 list = list + format_tb(tb, limit) 142 else: 143 list = [] 144 list = list + format_exception_only(etype, value) 145 return list 146 147def format_exception_only(etype, value): 148 """Format the exception part of a traceback. 149 150 The arguments are the exception type and value such as given by 151 sys.last_type and sys.last_value. The return value is a list of 152 strings, each ending in a newline. 153 154 Normally, the list contains a single string; however, for 155 SyntaxError exceptions, it contains several lines that (when 156 printed) display detailed information about where the syntax 157 error occurred. 158 159 The message indicating which exception occurred is always the last 160 string in the list. 161 162 """ 163 164 # An instance should not have a meaningful value parameter, but 165 # sometimes does, particularly for string exceptions, such as 166 # >>> raise string1, string2 # deprecated 167 # 168 # Clear these out first because issubtype(string1, SyntaxError) 169 # would raise another exception and mask the original problem. 170 if (isinstance(etype, BaseException) or 171 isinstance(etype, types.InstanceType) or 172 etype is None or type(etype) is str): 173 return [_format_final_exc_line(etype, value)] 174 175 stype = etype.__name__ 176 177 if not issubclass(etype, SyntaxError): 178 return [_format_final_exc_line(stype, value)] 179 180 # It was a syntax error; show exactly where the problem was found. 181 lines = [] 182 try: 183 msg, (filename, lineno, offset, badline) = value.args 184 except Exception: 185 pass 186 else: 187 filename = filename or "<string>" 188 lines.append(' File "%s", line %d\n' % (filename, lineno)) 189 if badline is not None: 190 lines.append(' %s\n' % badline.strip()) 191 if offset is not None: 192 caretspace = badline.rstrip('\n') 193 offset = min(len(caretspace), offset) - 1 194 caretspace = caretspace[:offset].lstrip() 195 # non-space whitespace (likes tabs) must be kept for alignment 196 caretspace = ((c.isspace() and c or ' ') for c in caretspace) 197 lines.append(' %s^\n' % ''.join(caretspace)) 198 value = msg 199 200 lines.append(_format_final_exc_line(stype, value)) 201 return lines 202 203def _format_final_exc_line(etype, value): 204 """Return a list of a single line -- normal case for format_exception_only""" 205 valuestr = _some_str(value) 206 if value is None or not valuestr: 207 line = "%s\n" % etype 208 else: 209 line = "%s: %s\n" % (etype, valuestr) 210 return line 211 212def _some_str(value): 213 try: 214 return str(value) 215 except Exception: 216 pass 217 try: 218 value = unicode(value) 219 return value.encode("ascii", "backslashreplace") 220 except Exception: 221 pass 222 return '<unprintable %s object>' % type(value).__name__ 223 224 225def print_exc(limit=None, file=None): 226 """Shorthand for 'print_exception(sys.exc_type, sys.exc_value, sys.exc_traceback, limit, file)'. 227 (In fact, it uses sys.exc_info() to retrieve the same information 228 in a thread-safe way.)""" 229 if file is None: 230 file = sys.stderr 231 try: 232 etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info() 233 print_exception(etype, value, tb, limit, file) 234 finally: 235 etype = value = tb = None 236 237 238def format_exc(limit=None): 239 """Like print_exc() but return a string.""" 240 try: 241 etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info() 242 return ''.join(format_exception(etype, value, tb, limit)) 243 finally: 244 etype = value = tb = None 245 246 247def print_last(limit=None, file=None): 248 """This is a shorthand for 'print_exception(sys.last_type, 249 sys.last_value, sys.last_traceback, limit, file)'.""" 250 if not hasattr(sys, "last_type"): 251 raise ValueError("no last exception") 252 if file is None: 253 file = sys.stderr 254 print_exception(sys.last_type, sys.last_value, sys.last_traceback, 255 limit, file) 256 257 258def print_stack(f=None, limit=None, file=None): 259 """Print a stack trace from its invocation point. 260 261 The optional 'f' argument can be used to specify an alternate 262 stack frame at which to start. The optional 'limit' and 'file' 263 arguments have the same meaning as for print_exception(). 264 """ 265 if f is None: 266 try: 267 raise ZeroDivisionError 268 except ZeroDivisionError: 269 f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back 270 print_list(extract_stack(f, limit), file) 271 272def format_stack(f=None, limit=None): 273 """Shorthand for 'format_list(extract_stack(f, limit))'.""" 274 if f is None: 275 try: 276 raise ZeroDivisionError 277 except ZeroDivisionError: 278 f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back 279 return format_list(extract_stack(f, limit)) 280 281def extract_stack(f=None, limit = None): 282 """Extract the raw traceback from the current stack frame. 283 284 The return value has the same format as for extract_tb(). The 285 optional 'f' and 'limit' arguments have the same meaning as for 286 print_stack(). Each item in the list is a quadruple (filename, 287 line number, function name, text), and the entries are in order 288 from oldest to newest stack frame. 289 """ 290 if f is None: 291 try: 292 raise ZeroDivisionError 293 except ZeroDivisionError: 294 f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back 295 if limit is None: 296 if hasattr(sys, 'tracebacklimit'): 297 limit = sys.tracebacklimit 298 list = [] 299 n = 0 300 while f is not None and (limit is None or n < limit): 301 lineno = f.f_lineno 302 co = f.f_code 303 filename = co.co_filename 304 name = co.co_name 305 linecache.checkcache(filename) 306 line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno, f.f_globals) 307 if line: line = line.strip() 308 else: line = None 309 list.append((filename, lineno, name, line)) 310 f = f.f_back 311 n = n+1 312 list.reverse() 313 return list 314 315def tb_lineno(tb): 316 """Calculate correct line number of traceback given in tb. 317 318 Obsolete in 2.3. 319 """ 320 return tb.tb_lineno 321