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1 //===- TemplateDeduction.h - C++ template argument deduction ----*- C++ -*-===/
2 //
3 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
4 //
5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===/
8 //
9 //  This file provides types used with Sema's template argument deduction
10 // routines.
11 //
12 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===/
13 #ifndef LLVM_CLANG_SEMA_TEMPLATEDEDUCTION_H
14 #define LLVM_CLANG_SEMA_TEMPLATEDEDUCTION_H
15 
16 #include "clang/AST/DeclTemplate.h"
17 #include "clang/Basic/PartialDiagnostic.h"
18 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
19 
20 namespace clang {
21 
22 struct DeducedPack;
23 class TemplateArgumentList;
24 class Sema;
25 
26 namespace sema {
27 
28 /// \brief Provides information about an attempted template argument
29 /// deduction, whose success or failure was described by a
30 /// TemplateDeductionResult value.
31 class TemplateDeductionInfo {
32   /// \brief The deduced template argument list.
33   ///
34   TemplateArgumentList *Deduced;
35 
36   /// \brief The source location at which template argument
37   /// deduction is occurring.
38   SourceLocation Loc;
39 
40   /// \brief Have we suppressed an error during deduction?
41   bool HasSFINAEDiagnostic;
42 
43   /// \brief Warnings (and follow-on notes) that were suppressed due to
44   /// SFINAE while performing template argument deduction.
45   SmallVector<PartialDiagnosticAt, 4> SuppressedDiagnostics;
46 
47   TemplateDeductionInfo(const TemplateDeductionInfo &) = delete;
48   void operator=(const TemplateDeductionInfo &) = delete;
49 
50 public:
TemplateDeductionInfo(SourceLocation Loc)51   TemplateDeductionInfo(SourceLocation Loc)
52     : Deduced(nullptr), Loc(Loc), HasSFINAEDiagnostic(false),
53       Expression(nullptr) {}
54 
55   /// \brief Returns the location at which template argument is
56   /// occurring.
getLocation()57   SourceLocation getLocation() const {
58     return Loc;
59   }
60 
61   /// \brief Take ownership of the deduced template argument list.
take()62   TemplateArgumentList *take() {
63     TemplateArgumentList *Result = Deduced;
64     Deduced = nullptr;
65     return Result;
66   }
67 
68   /// \brief Take ownership of the SFINAE diagnostic.
takeSFINAEDiagnostic(PartialDiagnosticAt & PD)69   void takeSFINAEDiagnostic(PartialDiagnosticAt &PD) {
70     assert(HasSFINAEDiagnostic);
71     PD.first = SuppressedDiagnostics.front().first;
72     PD.second.swap(SuppressedDiagnostics.front().second);
73     SuppressedDiagnostics.clear();
74     HasSFINAEDiagnostic = false;
75   }
76 
77   /// \brief Provide a new template argument list that contains the
78   /// results of template argument deduction.
reset(TemplateArgumentList * NewDeduced)79   void reset(TemplateArgumentList *NewDeduced) {
80     Deduced = NewDeduced;
81   }
82 
83   /// \brief Is a SFINAE diagnostic available?
hasSFINAEDiagnostic()84   bool hasSFINAEDiagnostic() const {
85     return HasSFINAEDiagnostic;
86   }
87 
88   /// \brief Set the diagnostic which caused the SFINAE failure.
addSFINAEDiagnostic(SourceLocation Loc,PartialDiagnostic PD)89   void addSFINAEDiagnostic(SourceLocation Loc, PartialDiagnostic PD) {
90     // Only collect the first diagnostic.
91     if (HasSFINAEDiagnostic)
92       return;
93     SuppressedDiagnostics.clear();
94     SuppressedDiagnostics.emplace_back(Loc, std::move(PD));
95     HasSFINAEDiagnostic = true;
96   }
97 
98   /// \brief Add a new diagnostic to the set of diagnostics
addSuppressedDiagnostic(SourceLocation Loc,PartialDiagnostic PD)99   void addSuppressedDiagnostic(SourceLocation Loc,
100                                PartialDiagnostic PD) {
101     if (HasSFINAEDiagnostic)
102       return;
103     SuppressedDiagnostics.emplace_back(Loc, std::move(PD));
104   }
105 
106   /// \brief Iterator over the set of suppressed diagnostics.
107   typedef SmallVectorImpl<PartialDiagnosticAt>::const_iterator
108     diag_iterator;
109 
110   /// \brief Returns an iterator at the beginning of the sequence of suppressed
111   /// diagnostics.
diag_begin()112   diag_iterator diag_begin() const { return SuppressedDiagnostics.begin(); }
113 
114   /// \brief Returns an iterator at the end of the sequence of suppressed
115   /// diagnostics.
diag_end()116   diag_iterator diag_end() const { return SuppressedDiagnostics.end(); }
117 
118   /// \brief The template parameter to which a template argument
119   /// deduction failure refers.
120   ///
121   /// Depending on the result of template argument deduction, this
122   /// template parameter may have different meanings:
123   ///
124   ///   TDK_Incomplete: this is the first template parameter whose
125   ///   corresponding template argument was not deduced.
126   ///
127   ///   TDK_Inconsistent: this is the template parameter for which
128   ///   two different template argument values were deduced.
129   TemplateParameter Param;
130 
131   /// \brief The first template argument to which the template
132   /// argument deduction failure refers.
133   ///
134   /// Depending on the result of the template argument deduction,
135   /// this template argument may have different meanings:
136   ///
137   ///   TDK_Inconsistent: this argument is the first value deduced
138   ///   for the corresponding template parameter.
139   ///
140   ///   TDK_SubstitutionFailure: this argument is the template
141   ///   argument we were instantiating when we encountered an error.
142   ///
143   ///   TDK_DeducedMismatch: this is the parameter type, after substituting
144   ///   deduced arguments.
145   ///
146   ///   TDK_NonDeducedMismatch: this is the component of the 'parameter'
147   ///   of the deduction, directly provided in the source code.
148   TemplateArgument FirstArg;
149 
150   /// \brief The second template argument to which the template
151   /// argument deduction failure refers.
152   ///
153   ///   TDK_Inconsistent: this argument is the second value deduced
154   ///   for the corresponding template parameter.
155   ///
156   ///   TDK_DeducedMismatch: this is the (adjusted) call argument type.
157   ///
158   ///   TDK_NonDeducedMismatch: this is the mismatching component of the
159   ///   'argument' of the deduction, from which we are deducing arguments.
160   ///
161   /// FIXME: Finish documenting this.
162   TemplateArgument SecondArg;
163 
164   union {
165     /// \brief The expression which caused a deduction failure.
166     ///
167     ///   TDK_FailedOverloadResolution: this argument is the reference to
168     ///   an overloaded function which could not be resolved to a specific
169     ///   function.
170     Expr *Expression;
171 
172     /// \brief The index of the function argument that caused a deduction
173     /// failure.
174     ///
175     ///   TDK_DeducedMismatch: this is the index of the argument that had a
176     ///   different argument type from its substituted parameter type.
177     unsigned CallArgIndex;
178   };
179 
180   /// \brief Information on packs that we're currently expanding.
181   ///
182   /// FIXME: This should be kept internal to SemaTemplateDeduction.
183   SmallVector<DeducedPack *, 8> PendingDeducedPacks;
184 };
185 
186 } // end namespace sema
187 
188 /// A structure used to record information about a failed
189 /// template argument deduction, for diagnosis.
190 struct DeductionFailureInfo {
191   /// A Sema::TemplateDeductionResult.
192   unsigned Result : 8;
193 
194   /// \brief Indicates whether a diagnostic is stored in Diagnostic.
195   unsigned HasDiagnostic : 1;
196 
197   /// \brief Opaque pointer containing additional data about
198   /// this deduction failure.
199   void *Data;
200 
201   /// \brief A diagnostic indicating why deduction failed.
202   union {
203     void *Align;
204     char Diagnostic[sizeof(PartialDiagnosticAt)];
205   };
206 
207   /// \brief Retrieve the diagnostic which caused this deduction failure,
208   /// if any.
209   PartialDiagnosticAt *getSFINAEDiagnostic();
210 
211   /// \brief Retrieve the template parameter this deduction failure
212   /// refers to, if any.
213   TemplateParameter getTemplateParameter();
214 
215   /// \brief Retrieve the template argument list associated with this
216   /// deduction failure, if any.
217   TemplateArgumentList *getTemplateArgumentList();
218 
219   /// \brief Return the first template argument this deduction failure
220   /// refers to, if any.
221   const TemplateArgument *getFirstArg();
222 
223   /// \brief Return the second template argument this deduction failure
224   /// refers to, if any.
225   const TemplateArgument *getSecondArg();
226 
227   /// \brief Return the expression this deduction failure refers to,
228   /// if any.
229   Expr *getExpr();
230 
231   /// \brief Return the index of the call argument that this deduction
232   /// failure refers to, if any.
233   llvm::Optional<unsigned> getCallArgIndex();
234 
235   /// \brief Free any memory associated with this deduction failure.
236   void Destroy();
237 };
238 
239 /// TemplateSpecCandidate - This is a generalization of OverloadCandidate
240 /// which keeps track of template argument deduction failure info, when
241 /// handling explicit specializations (and instantiations) of templates
242 /// beyond function overloading.
243 /// For now, assume that the candidates are non-matching specializations.
244 /// TODO: In the future, we may need to unify/generalize this with
245 /// OverloadCandidate.
246 struct TemplateSpecCandidate {
247   /// \brief The declaration that was looked up, together with its access.
248   /// Might be a UsingShadowDecl, but usually a FunctionTemplateDecl.
249   DeclAccessPair FoundDecl;
250 
251   /// Specialization - The actual specialization that this candidate
252   /// represents. When NULL, this may be a built-in candidate.
253   Decl *Specialization;
254 
255   /// Template argument deduction info
256   DeductionFailureInfo DeductionFailure;
257 
setTemplateSpecCandidate258   void set(DeclAccessPair Found, Decl *Spec, DeductionFailureInfo Info) {
259     FoundDecl = Found;
260     Specialization = Spec;
261     DeductionFailure = Info;
262   }
263 
264   /// Diagnose a template argument deduction failure.
265   void NoteDeductionFailure(Sema &S, bool ForTakingAddress);
266 };
267 
268 /// TemplateSpecCandidateSet - A set of generalized overload candidates,
269 /// used in template specializations.
270 /// TODO: In the future, we may need to unify/generalize this with
271 /// OverloadCandidateSet.
272 class TemplateSpecCandidateSet {
273   SmallVector<TemplateSpecCandidate, 16> Candidates;
274   SourceLocation Loc;
275   // Stores whether we're taking the address of these candidates. This helps us
276   // produce better error messages when dealing with the pass_object_size
277   // attribute on parameters.
278   bool ForTakingAddress;
279 
280   TemplateSpecCandidateSet(
281       const TemplateSpecCandidateSet &) = delete;
282   void operator=(const TemplateSpecCandidateSet &) = delete;
283 
284   void destroyCandidates();
285 
286 public:
287   TemplateSpecCandidateSet(SourceLocation Loc, bool ForTakingAddress = false)
Loc(Loc)288       : Loc(Loc), ForTakingAddress(ForTakingAddress) {}
~TemplateSpecCandidateSet()289   ~TemplateSpecCandidateSet() { destroyCandidates(); }
290 
getLocation()291   SourceLocation getLocation() const { return Loc; }
292 
293   /// \brief Clear out all of the candidates.
294   /// TODO: This may be unnecessary.
295   void clear();
296 
297   typedef SmallVector<TemplateSpecCandidate, 16>::iterator iterator;
begin()298   iterator begin() { return Candidates.begin(); }
end()299   iterator end() { return Candidates.end(); }
300 
size()301   size_t size() const { return Candidates.size(); }
empty()302   bool empty() const { return Candidates.empty(); }
303 
304   /// \brief Add a new candidate with NumConversions conversion sequence slots
305   /// to the overload set.
addCandidate()306   TemplateSpecCandidate &addCandidate() {
307     Candidates.emplace_back();
308     return Candidates.back();
309   }
310 
311   void NoteCandidates(Sema &S, SourceLocation Loc);
312 
NoteCandidates(Sema & S,SourceLocation Loc)313   void NoteCandidates(Sema &S, SourceLocation Loc) const {
314     const_cast<TemplateSpecCandidateSet *>(this)->NoteCandidates(S, Loc);
315   }
316 };
317 
318 } // end namespace clang
319 
320 #endif
321