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4<title>1.�The GNU General Public License</title>
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21<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">
22<a name="license.gpl"></a>1.�The GNU General Public License</h1></div></div></div>
23<div class="literallayout"><p><br>
24��������������������������GNU�GENERAL�PUBLIC�LICENSE<br>
25�����������������������Version�2,�June�1991<br>
26<br>
27�Copyright�(C)�1989,�1991�Free�Software�Foundation,�Inc.,<br>
28�51�Franklin�Street,�Fifth�Floor,�Boston,�MA�02110-1301�USA<br>
29�Everyone�is�permitted�to�copy�and�distribute�verbatim�copies<br>
30�of�this�license�document,�but�changing�it�is�not�allowed.<br>
31<br>
32����������������������������Preamble<br>
33<br>
34��The�licenses�for�most�software�are�designed�to�take�away�your<br>
35freedom�to�share�and�change�it.��By�contrast,�the�GNU�General�Public<br>
36License�is�intended�to�guarantee�your�freedom�to�share�and�change�free<br>
37software--to�make�sure�the�software�is�free�for�all�its�users.��This<br>
38General�Public�License�applies�to�most�of�the�Free�Software<br>
39Foundation's�software�and�to�any�other�program�whose�authors�commit�to<br>
40using�it.��(Some�other�Free�Software�Foundation�software�is�covered�by<br>
41the�GNU�Lesser�General�Public�License�instead.)��You�can�apply�it�to<br>
42your�programs,�too.<br>
43<br>
44��When�we�speak�of�free�software,�we�are�referring�to�freedom,�not<br>
45price.��Our�General�Public�Licenses�are�designed�to�make�sure�that�you<br>
46have�the�freedom�to�distribute�copies�of�free�software�(and�charge�for<br>
47this�service�if�you�wish),�that�you�receive�source�code�or�can�get�it<br>
48if�you�want�it,�that�you�can�change�the�software�or�use�pieces�of�it<br>
49in�new�free�programs;�and�that�you�know�you�can�do�these�things.<br>
50<br>
51��To�protect�your�rights,�we�need�to�make�restrictions�that�forbid<br>
52anyone�to�deny�you�these�rights�or�to�ask�you�to�surrender�the�rights.<br>
53These�restrictions�translate�to�certain�responsibilities�for�you�if�you<br>
54distribute�copies�of�the�software,�or�if�you�modify�it.<br>
55<br>
56��For�example,�if�you�distribute�copies�of�such�a�program,�whether<br>
57gratis�or�for�a�fee,�you�must�give�the�recipients�all�the�rights�that<br>
58you�have.��You�must�make�sure�that�they,�too,�receive�or�can�get�the<br>
59source�code.��And�you�must�show�them�these�terms�so�they�know�their<br>
60rights.<br>
61<br>
62��We�protect�your�rights�with�two�steps:�(1)�copyright�the�software,�and<br>
63(2)�offer�you�this�license�which�gives�you�legal�permission�to�copy,<br>
64distribute�and/or�modify�the�software.<br>
65<br>
66��Also,�for�each�author's�protection�and�ours,�we�want�to�make�certain<br>
67that�everyone�understands�that�there�is�no�warranty�for�this�free<br>
68software.��If�the�software�is�modified�by�someone�else�and�passed�on,�we<br>
69want�its�recipients�to�know�that�what�they�have�is�not�the�original,�so<br>
70that�any�problems�introduced�by�others�will�not�reflect�on�the�original<br>
71authors'�reputations.<br>
72<br>
73��Finally,�any�free�program�is�threatened�constantly�by�software<br>
74patents.��We�wish�to�avoid�the�danger�that�redistributors�of�a�free<br>
75program�will�individually�obtain�patent�licenses,�in�effect�making�the<br>
76program�proprietary.��To�prevent�this,�we�have�made�it�clear�that�any<br>
77patent�must�be�licensed�for�everyone's�free�use�or�not�licensed�at�all.<br>
78<br>
79��The�precise�terms�and�conditions�for�copying,�distribution�and<br>
80modification�follow.<br>
81<br>
82��������������������GNU�GENERAL�PUBLIC�LICENSE<br>
83���TERMS�AND�CONDITIONS�FOR�COPYING,�DISTRIBUTION�AND�MODIFICATION<br>
84<br>
85��0.�This�License�applies�to�any�program�or�other�work�which�contains<br>
86a�notice�placed�by�the�copyright�holder�saying�it�may�be�distributed<br>
87under�the�terms�of�this�General�Public�License.��The�"Program",�below,<br>
88refers�to�any�such�program�or�work,�and�a�"work�based�on�the�Program"<br>
89means�either�the�Program�or�any�derivative�work�under�copyright�law:<br>
90that�is�to�say,�a�work�containing�the�Program�or�a�portion�of�it,<br>
91either�verbatim�or�with�modifications�and/or�translated�into�another<br>
92language.��(Hereinafter,�translation�is�included�without�limitation�in<br>
93the�term�"modification".)��Each�licensee�is�addressed�as�"you".<br>
94<br>
95Activities�other�than�copying,�distribution�and�modification�are�not<br>
96covered�by�this�License;�they�are�outside�its�scope.��The�act�of<br>
97running�the�Program�is�not�restricted,�and�the�output�from�the�Program<br>
98is�covered�only�if�its�contents�constitute�a�work�based�on�the<br>
99Program�(independent�of�having�been�made�by�running�the�Program).<br>
100Whether�that�is�true�depends�on�what�the�Program�does.<br>
101<br>
102��1.�You�may�copy�and�distribute�verbatim�copies�of�the�Program's<br>
103source�code�as�you�receive�it,�in�any�medium,�provided�that�you<br>
104conspicuously�and�appropriately�publish�on�each�copy�an�appropriate<br>
105copyright�notice�and�disclaimer�of�warranty;�keep�intact�all�the<br>
106notices�that�refer�to�this�License�and�to�the�absence�of�any�warranty;<br>
107and�give�any�other�recipients�of�the�Program�a�copy�of�this�License<br>
108along�with�the�Program.<br>
109<br>
110You�may�charge�a�fee�for�the�physical�act�of�transferring�a�copy,�and<br>
111you�may�at�your�option�offer�warranty�protection�in�exchange�for�a�fee.<br>
112<br>
113��2.�You�may�modify�your�copy�or�copies�of�the�Program�or�any�portion<br>
114of�it,�thus�forming�a�work�based�on�the�Program,�and�copy�and<br>
115distribute�such�modifications�or�work�under�the�terms�of�Section�1<br>
116above,�provided�that�you�also�meet�all�of�these�conditions:<br>
117<br>
118����a)�You�must�cause�the�modified�files�to�carry�prominent�notices<br>
119����stating�that�you�changed�the�files�and�the�date�of�any�change.<br>
120<br>
121����b)�You�must�cause�any�work�that�you�distribute�or�publish,�that�in<br>
122����whole�or�in�part�contains�or�is�derived�from�the�Program�or�any<br>
123����part�thereof,�to�be�licensed�as�a�whole�at�no�charge�to�all�third<br>
124����parties�under�the�terms�of�this�License.<br>
125<br>
126����c)�If�the�modified�program�normally�reads�commands�interactively<br>
127����when�run,�you�must�cause�it,�when�started�running�for�such<br>
128����interactive�use�in�the�most�ordinary�way,�to�print�or�display�an<br>
129����announcement�including�an�appropriate�copyright�notice�and�a<br>
130����notice�that�there�is�no�warranty�(or�else,�saying�that�you�provide<br>
131����a�warranty)�and�that�users�may�redistribute�the�program�under<br>
132����these�conditions,�and�telling�the�user�how�to�view�a�copy�of�this<br>
133����License.��(Exception:�if�the�Program�itself�is�interactive�but<br>
134����does�not�normally�print�such�an�announcement,�your�work�based�on<br>
135����the�Program�is�not�required�to�print�an�announcement.)<br>
136<br>
137These�requirements�apply�to�the�modified�work�as�a�whole.��If<br>
138identifiable�sections�of�that�work�are�not�derived�from�the�Program,<br>
139and�can�be�reasonably�considered�independent�and�separate�works�in<br>
140themselves,�then�this�License,�and�its�terms,�do�not�apply�to�those<br>
141sections�when�you�distribute�them�as�separate�works.��But�when�you<br>
142distribute�the�same�sections�as�part�of�a�whole�which�is�a�work�based<br>
143on�the�Program,�the�distribution�of�the�whole�must�be�on�the�terms�of<br>
144this�License,�whose�permissions�for�other�licensees�extend�to�the<br>
145entire�whole,�and�thus�to�each�and�every�part�regardless�of�who�wrote�it.<br>
146<br>
147Thus,�it�is�not�the�intent�of�this�section�to�claim�rights�or�contest<br>
148your�rights�to�work�written�entirely�by�you;�rather,�the�intent�is�to<br>
149exercise�the�right�to�control�the�distribution�of�derivative�or<br>
150collective�works�based�on�the�Program.<br>
151<br>
152In�addition,�mere�aggregation�of�another�work�not�based�on�the�Program<br>
153with�the�Program�(or�with�a�work�based�on�the�Program)�on�a�volume�of<br>
154a�storage�or�distribution�medium�does�not�bring�the�other�work�under<br>
155the�scope�of�this�License.<br>
156<br>
157��3.�You�may�copy�and�distribute�the�Program�(or�a�work�based�on�it,<br>
158under�Section�2)�in�object�code�or�executable�form�under�the�terms�of<br>
159Sections�1�and�2�above�provided�that�you�also�do�one�of�the�following:<br>
160<br>
161����a)�Accompany�it�with�the�complete�corresponding�machine-readable<br>
162����source�code,�which�must�be�distributed�under�the�terms�of�Sections<br>
163����1�and�2�above�on�a�medium�customarily�used�for�software�interchange;�or,<br>
164<br>
165����b)�Accompany�it�with�a�written�offer,�valid�for�at�least�three<br>
166����years,�to�give�any�third�party,�for�a�charge�no�more�than�your<br>
167����cost�of�physically�performing�source�distribution,�a�complete<br>
168����machine-readable�copy�of�the�corresponding�source�code,�to�be<br>
169����distributed�under�the�terms�of�Sections�1�and�2�above�on�a�medium<br>
170����customarily�used�for�software�interchange;�or,<br>
171<br>
172����c)�Accompany�it�with�the�information�you�received�as�to�the�offer<br>
173����to�distribute�corresponding�source�code.��(This�alternative�is<br>
174����allowed�only�for�noncommercial�distribution�and�only�if�you<br>
175����received�the�program�in�object�code�or�executable�form�with�such<br>
176����an�offer,�in�accord�with�Subsection�b�above.)<br>
177<br>
178The�source�code�for�a�work�means�the�preferred�form�of�the�work�for<br>
179making�modifications�to�it.��For�an�executable�work,�complete�source<br>
180code�means�all�the�source�code�for�all�modules�it�contains,�plus�any<br>
181associated�interface�definition�files,�plus�the�scripts�used�to<br>
182control�compilation�and�installation�of�the�executable.��However,�as�a<br>
183special�exception,�the�source�code�distributed�need�not�include<br>
184anything�that�is�normally�distributed�(in�either�source�or�binary<br>
185form)�with�the�major�components�(compiler,�kernel,�and�so�on)�of�the<br>
186operating�system�on�which�the�executable�runs,�unless�that�component<br>
187itself�accompanies�the�executable.<br>
188<br>
189If�distribution�of�executable�or�object�code�is�made�by�offering<br>
190access�to�copy�from�a�designated�place,�then�offering�equivalent<br>
191access�to�copy�the�source�code�from�the�same�place�counts�as<br>
192distribution�of�the�source�code,�even�though�third�parties�are�not<br>
193compelled�to�copy�the�source�along�with�the�object�code.<br>
194<br>
195��4.�You�may�not�copy,�modify,�sublicense,�or�distribute�the�Program<br>
196except�as�expressly�provided�under�this�License.��Any�attempt<br>
197otherwise�to�copy,�modify,�sublicense�or�distribute�the�Program�is<br>
198void,�and�will�automatically�terminate�your�rights�under�this�License.<br>
199However,�parties�who�have�received�copies,�or�rights,�from�you�under<br>
200this�License�will�not�have�their�licenses�terminated�so�long�as�such<br>
201parties�remain�in�full�compliance.<br>
202<br>
203��5.�You�are�not�required�to�accept�this�License,�since�you�have�not<br>
204signed�it.��However,�nothing�else�grants�you�permission�to�modify�or<br>
205distribute�the�Program�or�its�derivative�works.��These�actions�are<br>
206prohibited�by�law�if�you�do�not�accept�this�License.��Therefore,�by<br>
207modifying�or�distributing�the�Program�(or�any�work�based�on�the<br>
208Program),�you�indicate�your�acceptance�of�this�License�to�do�so,�and<br>
209all�its�terms�and�conditions�for�copying,�distributing�or�modifying<br>
210the�Program�or�works�based�on�it.<br>
211<br>
212��6.�Each�time�you�redistribute�the�Program�(or�any�work�based�on�the<br>
213Program),�the�recipient�automatically�receives�a�license�from�the<br>
214original�licensor�to�copy,�distribute�or�modify�the�Program�subject�to<br>
215these�terms�and�conditions.��You�may�not�impose�any�further<br>
216restrictions�on�the�recipients'�exercise�of�the�rights�granted�herein.<br>
217You�are�not�responsible�for�enforcing�compliance�by�third�parties�to<br>
218this�License.<br>
219<br>
220��7.�If,�as�a�consequence�of�a�court�judgment�or�allegation�of�patent<br>
221infringement�or�for�any�other�reason�(not�limited�to�patent�issues),<br>
222conditions�are�imposed�on�you�(whether�by�court�order,�agreement�or<br>
223otherwise)�that�contradict�the�conditions�of�this�License,�they�do�not<br>
224excuse�you�from�the�conditions�of�this�License.��If�you�cannot<br>
225distribute�so�as�to�satisfy�simultaneously�your�obligations�under�this<br>
226License�and�any�other�pertinent�obligations,�then�as�a�consequence�you<br>
227may�not�distribute�the�Program�at�all.��For�example,�if�a�patent<br>
228license�would�not�permit�royalty-free�redistribution�of�the�Program�by<br>
229all�those�who�receive�copies�directly�or�indirectly�through�you,�then<br>
230the�only�way�you�could�satisfy�both�it�and�this�License�would�be�to<br>
231refrain�entirely�from�distribution�of�the�Program.<br>
232<br>
233If�any�portion�of�this�section�is�held�invalid�or�unenforceable�under<br>
234any�particular�circumstance,�the�balance�of�the�section�is�intended�to<br>
235apply�and�the�section�as�a�whole�is�intended�to�apply�in�other<br>
236circumstances.<br>
237<br>
238It�is�not�the�purpose�of�this�section�to�induce�you�to�infringe�any<br>
239patents�or�other�property�right�claims�or�to�contest�validity�of�any<br>
240such�claims;�this�section�has�the�sole�purpose�of�protecting�the<br>
241integrity�of�the�free�software�distribution�system,�which�is<br>
242implemented�by�public�license�practices.��Many�people�have�made<br>
243generous�contributions�to�the�wide�range�of�software�distributed<br>
244through�that�system�in�reliance�on�consistent�application�of�that<br>
245system;�it�is�up�to�the�author/donor�to�decide�if�he�or�she�is�willing<br>
246to�distribute�software�through�any�other�system�and�a�licensee�cannot<br>
247impose�that�choice.<br>
248<br>
249This�section�is�intended�to�make�thoroughly�clear�what�is�believed�to<br>
250be�a�consequence�of�the�rest�of�this�License.<br>
251<br>
252��8.�If�the�distribution�and/or�use�of�the�Program�is�restricted�in<br>
253certain�countries�either�by�patents�or�by�copyrighted�interfaces,�the<br>
254original�copyright�holder�who�places�the�Program�under�this�License<br>
255may�add�an�explicit�geographical�distribution�limitation�excluding<br>
256those�countries,�so�that�distribution�is�permitted�only�in�or�among<br>
257countries�not�thus�excluded.��In�such�case,�this�License�incorporates<br>
258the�limitation�as�if�written�in�the�body�of�this�License.<br>
259<br>
260��9.�The�Free�Software�Foundation�may�publish�revised�and/or�new�versions<br>
261of�the�General�Public�License�from�time�to�time.��Such�new�versions�will<br>
262be�similar�in�spirit�to�the�present�version,�but�may�differ�in�detail�to<br>
263address�new�problems�or�concerns.<br>
264<br>
265Each�version�is�given�a�distinguishing�version�number.��If�the�Program<br>
266specifies�a�version�number�of�this�License�which�applies�to�it�and�"any<br>
267later�version",�you�have�the�option�of�following�the�terms�and�conditions<br>
268either�of�that�version�or�of�any�later�version�published�by�the�Free<br>
269Software�Foundation.��If�the�Program�does�not�specify�a�version�number�of<br>
270this�License,�you�may�choose�any�version�ever�published�by�the�Free�Software<br>
271Foundation.<br>
272<br>
273��10.�If�you�wish�to�incorporate�parts�of�the�Program�into�other�free<br>
274programs�whose�distribution�conditions�are�different,�write�to�the�author<br>
275to�ask�for�permission.��For�software�which�is�copyrighted�by�the�Free<br>
276Software�Foundation,�write�to�the�Free�Software�Foundation;�we�sometimes<br>
277make�exceptions�for�this.��Our�decision�will�be�guided�by�the�two�goals<br>
278of�preserving�the�free�status�of�all�derivatives�of�our�free�software�and<br>
279of�promoting�the�sharing�and�reuse�of�software�generally.<br>
280<br>
281����������������������������NO�WARRANTY<br>
282<br>
283��11.�BECAUSE�THE�PROGRAM�IS�LICENSED�FREE�OF�CHARGE,�THERE�IS�NO�WARRANTY<br>
284FOR�THE�PROGRAM,�TO�THE�EXTENT�PERMITTED�BY�APPLICABLE�LAW.��EXCEPT�WHEN<br>
285OTHERWISE�STATED�IN�WRITING�THE�COPYRIGHT�HOLDERS�AND/OR�OTHER�PARTIES<br>
286PROVIDE�THE�PROGRAM�"AS�IS"�WITHOUT�WARRANTY�OF�ANY�KIND,�EITHER�EXPRESSED<br>
287OR�IMPLIED,�INCLUDING,�BUT�NOT�LIMITED�TO,�THE�IMPLIED�WARRANTIES�OF<br>
288MERCHANTABILITY�AND�FITNESS�FOR�A�PARTICULAR�PURPOSE.��THE�ENTIRE�RISK�AS<br>
289TO�THE�QUALITY�AND�PERFORMANCE�OF�THE�PROGRAM�IS�WITH�YOU.��SHOULD�THE<br>
290PROGRAM�PROVE�DEFECTIVE,�YOU�ASSUME�THE�COST�OF�ALL�NECESSARY�SERVICING,<br>
291REPAIR�OR�CORRECTION.<br>
292<br>
293��12.�IN�NO�EVENT�UNLESS�REQUIRED�BY�APPLICABLE�LAW�OR�AGREED�TO�IN�WRITING<br>
294WILL�ANY�COPYRIGHT�HOLDER,�OR�ANY�OTHER�PARTY�WHO�MAY�MODIFY�AND/OR<br>
295REDISTRIBUTE�THE�PROGRAM�AS�PERMITTED�ABOVE,�BE�LIABLE�TO�YOU�FOR�DAMAGES,<br>
296INCLUDING�ANY�GENERAL,�SPECIAL,�INCIDENTAL�OR�CONSEQUENTIAL�DAMAGES�ARISING<br>
297OUT�OF�THE�USE�OR�INABILITY�TO�USE�THE�PROGRAM�(INCLUDING�BUT�NOT�LIMITED<br>
298TO�LOSS�OF�DATA�OR�DATA�BEING�RENDERED�INACCURATE�OR�LOSSES�SUSTAINED�BY<br>
299YOU�OR�THIRD�PARTIES�OR�A�FAILURE�OF�THE�PROGRAM�TO�OPERATE�WITH�ANY�OTHER<br>
300PROGRAMS),�EVEN�IF�SUCH�HOLDER�OR�OTHER�PARTY�HAS�BEEN�ADVISED�OF�THE<br>
301POSSIBILITY�OF�SUCH�DAMAGES.<br>
302<br>
303���������������������END�OF�TERMS�AND�CONDITIONS<br>
304<br>
305������������How�to�Apply�These�Terms�to�Your�New�Programs<br>
306<br>
307��If�you�develop�a�new�program,�and�you�want�it�to�be�of�the�greatest<br>
308possible�use�to�the�public,�the�best�way�to�achieve�this�is�to�make�it<br>
309free�software�which�everyone�can�redistribute�and�change�under�these�terms.<br>
310<br>
311��To�do�so,�attach�the�following�notices�to�the�program.��It�is�safest<br>
312to�attach�them�to�the�start�of�each�source�file�to�most�effectively<br>
313convey�the�exclusion�of�warranty;�and�each�file�should�have�at�least<br>
314the�"copyright"�line�and�a�pointer�to�where�the�full�notice�is�found.<br>
315<br>
316����&lt;one�line�to�give�the�program's�name�and�a�brief�idea�of�what�it�does.&gt;<br>
317����Copyright�(C)�&lt;year&gt;��&lt;name�of�author&gt;<br>
318<br>
319����This�program�is�free�software;�you�can�redistribute�it�and/or�modify<br>
320����it�under�the�terms�of�the�GNU�General�Public�License�as�published�by<br>
321����the�Free�Software�Foundation;�either�version�2�of�the�License,�or<br>
322����(at�your�option)�any�later�version.<br>
323<br>
324����This�program�is�distributed�in�the�hope�that�it�will�be�useful,<br>
325����but�WITHOUT�ANY�WARRANTY;�without�even�the�implied�warranty�of<br>
326����MERCHANTABILITY�or�FITNESS�FOR�A�PARTICULAR�PURPOSE.��See�the<br>
327����GNU�General�Public�License�for�more�details.<br>
328<br>
329����You�should�have�received�a�copy�of�the�GNU�General�Public�License�along<br>
330����with�this�program;�if�not,�write�to�the�Free�Software�Foundation,�Inc.,<br>
331����51�Franklin�Street,�Fifth�Floor,�Boston,�MA�02110-1301�USA.<br>
332<br>
333Also�add�information�on�how�to�contact�you�by�electronic�and�paper�mail.<br>
334<br>
335If�the�program�is�interactive,�make�it�output�a�short�notice�like�this<br>
336when�it�starts�in�an�interactive�mode:<br>
337<br>
338����Gnomovision�version�69,�Copyright�(C)�year�name�of�author<br>
339����Gnomovision�comes�with�ABSOLUTELY�NO�WARRANTY;�for�details�type�`show�w'.<br>
340����This�is�free�software,�and�you�are�welcome�to�redistribute�it<br>
341����under�certain�conditions;�type�`show�c'�for�details.<br>
342<br>
343The�hypothetical�commands�`show�w'�and�`show�c'�should�show�the�appropriate<br>
344parts�of�the�General�Public�License.��Of�course,�the�commands�you�use�may<br>
345be�called�something�other�than�`show�w'�and�`show�c';�they�could�even�be<br>
346mouse-clicks�or�menu�items--whatever�suits�your�program.<br>
347<br>
348You�should�also�get�your�employer�(if�you�work�as�a�programmer)�or�your<br>
349school,�if�any,�to�sign�a�"copyright�disclaimer"�for�the�program,�if<br>
350necessary.��Here�is�a�sample;�alter�the�names:<br>
351<br>
352��Yoyodyne,�Inc.,�hereby�disclaims�all�copyright�interest�in�the�program<br>
353��`Gnomovision'�(which�makes�passes�at�compilers)�written�by�James�Hacker.<br>
354<br>
355��&lt;signature�of�Ty�Coon&gt;,�1�April�1989<br>
356��Ty�Coon,�President�of�Vice<br>
357<br>
358This�General�Public�License�does�not�permit�incorporating�your�program�into<br>
359proprietary�programs.��If�your�program�is�a�subroutine�library,�you�may<br>
360consider�it�more�useful�to�permit�linking�proprietary�applications�with�the<br>
361library.��If�this�is�what�you�want�to�do,�use�the�GNU�Lesser�General<br>
362Public�License�instead�of�this�License.<br>
363<br>
364������</p></div>
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