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1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4  *
5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10  *
11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15  * accompanied this code).
16  *
17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
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24  */
25 
26 /*
27  * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
28  * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
29  * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
30  * file:
31  *
32  * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
33  *
34  * All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
38  *
39  *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
40  *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41  *
42  *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
43  *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
44  *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
45  *
46  *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors
47  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
48  *    without specific prior written permission.
49  *
50  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
51  * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
52  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
53  * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
54  * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
55  * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
56  * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
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58  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
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60  * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
61  */
62 package java.time;
63 
64 import java.io.DataOutput;
65 import java.io.IOException;
66 import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
67 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
68 import java.io.Serializable;
69 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatterBuilder;
70 import java.time.format.TextStyle;
71 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
72 import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;
73 import java.time.temporal.TemporalQueries;
74 import java.time.temporal.TemporalQuery;
75 import java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException;
76 import java.time.zone.ZoneRules;
77 import java.time.zone.ZoneRulesException;
78 import java.time.zone.ZoneRulesProvider;
79 import java.util.Collections;
80 import java.util.HashMap;
81 import java.util.Locale;
82 import java.util.Map;
83 import java.util.Objects;
84 import java.util.Set;
85 import java.util.TimeZone;
86 
87 // Android-changed: removed ValueBased paragraph.
88 // Android-changed: removed {@link ZoneRulesProvider}.
89 /**
90  * A time-zone ID, such as {@code Europe/Paris}.
91  * <p>
92  * A {@code ZoneId} is used to identify the rules used to convert between
93  * an {@link Instant} and a {@link LocalDateTime}.
94  * There are two distinct types of ID:
95  * <ul>
96  * <li>Fixed offsets - a fully resolved offset from UTC/Greenwich, that uses
97  *  the same offset for all local date-times
98  * <li>Geographical regions - an area where a specific set of rules for finding
99  *  the offset from UTC/Greenwich apply
100  * </ul>
101  * Most fixed offsets are represented by {@link ZoneOffset}.
102  * Calling {@link #normalized()} on any {@code ZoneId} will ensure that a
103  * fixed offset ID will be represented as a {@code ZoneOffset}.
104  * <p>
105  * The actual rules, describing when and how the offset changes, are defined by {@link ZoneRules}.
106  * This class is simply an ID used to obtain the underlying rules.
107  * This approach is taken because rules are defined by governments and change
108  * frequently, whereas the ID is stable.
109  * <p>
110  * The distinction has other effects. Serializing the {@code ZoneId} will only send
111  * the ID, whereas serializing the rules sends the entire data set.
112  * Similarly, a comparison of two IDs only examines the ID, whereas
113  * a comparison of two rules examines the entire data set.
114  *
115  * <h3>Time-zone IDs</h3>
116  * The ID is unique within the system.
117  * There are three types of ID.
118  * <p>
119  * The simplest type of ID is that from {@code ZoneOffset}.
120  * This consists of 'Z' and IDs starting with '+' or '-'.
121  * <p>
122  * The next type of ID are offset-style IDs with some form of prefix,
123  * such as 'GMT+2' or 'UTC+01:00'.
124  * The recognised prefixes are 'UTC', 'GMT' and 'UT'.
125  * The offset is the suffix and will be normalized during creation.
126  * These IDs can be normalized to a {@code ZoneOffset} using {@code normalized()}.
127  * <p>
128  * The third type of ID are region-based IDs. A region-based ID must be of
129  * two or more characters, and not start with 'UTC', 'GMT', 'UT' '+' or '-'.
130  * Region-based IDs are defined by configuration.
131  * The configuration focuses on providing the lookup from the ID to the
132  * underlying {@code ZoneRules}.
133  * <p>
134  * Time-zone rules are defined by governments and change frequently.
135  * There are a number of organizations, known here as groups, that monitor
136  * time-zone changes and collate them.
137  * The default group is the IANA Time Zone Database (TZDB).
138  * Other organizations include IATA (the airline industry body) and Microsoft.
139  * <p>
140  * Each group defines its own format for the region ID it provides.
141  * The TZDB group defines IDs such as 'Europe/London' or 'America/New_York'.
142  * TZDB IDs take precedence over other groups.
143  * <p>
144  * It is strongly recommended that the group name is included in all IDs supplied by
145  * groups other than TZDB to avoid conflicts. For example, IATA airline time-zone
146  * region IDs are typically the same as the three letter airport code.
147  * However, the airport of Utrecht has the code 'UTC', which is obviously a conflict.
148  * The recommended format for region IDs from groups other than TZDB is 'group~region'.
149  * Thus if IATA data were defined, Utrecht airport would be 'IATA~UTC'.
150  *
151  * <h3>Serialization</h3>
152  * This class can be serialized and stores the string zone ID in the external form.
153  * The {@code ZoneOffset} subclass uses a dedicated format that only stores the
154  * offset from UTC/Greenwich.
155  * <p>
156  * A {@code ZoneId} can be deserialized in a Java Runtime where the ID is unknown.
157  * For example, if a server-side Java Runtime has been updated with a new zone ID, but
158  * the client-side Java Runtime has not been updated. In this case, the {@code ZoneId}
159  * object will exist, and can be queried using {@code getId}, {@code equals},
160  * {@code hashCode}, {@code toString}, {@code getDisplayName} and {@code normalized}.
161  * However, any call to {@code getRules} will fail with {@code ZoneRulesException}.
162  * This approach is designed to allow a {@link ZonedDateTime} to be loaded and
163  * queried, but not modified, on a Java Runtime with incomplete time-zone information.
164  *
165  * @implSpec
166  * This abstract class has two implementations, both of which are immutable and thread-safe.
167  * One implementation models region-based IDs, the other is {@code ZoneOffset} modelling
168  * offset-based IDs. This difference is visible in serialization.
169  *
170  * @since 1.8
171  */
172 public abstract class ZoneId implements Serializable {
173 
174     /**
175      * A map of zone overrides to enable the short time-zone names to be used.
176      * <p>
177      * Use of short zone IDs has been deprecated in {@code java.util.TimeZone}.
178      * This map allows the IDs to continue to be used via the
179      * {@link #of(String, Map)} factory method.
180      * <p>
181      * This map contains a mapping of the IDs that is in line with TZDB 2005r and
182      * later, where 'EST', 'MST' and 'HST' map to IDs which do not include daylight
183      * savings.
184      * <p>
185      * This maps as follows:
186      * <ul>
187      * <li>EST - -05:00</li>
188      * <li>HST - -10:00</li>
189      * <li>MST - -07:00</li>
190      * <li>ACT - Australia/Darwin</li>
191      * <li>AET - Australia/Sydney</li>
192      * <li>AGT - America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires</li>
193      * <li>ART - Africa/Cairo</li>
194      * <li>AST - America/Anchorage</li>
195      * <li>BET - America/Sao_Paulo</li>
196      * <li>BST - Asia/Dhaka</li>
197      * <li>CAT - Africa/Harare</li>
198      * <li>CNT - America/St_Johns</li>
199      * <li>CST - America/Chicago</li>
200      * <li>CTT - Asia/Shanghai</li>
201      * <li>EAT - Africa/Addis_Ababa</li>
202      * <li>ECT - Europe/Paris</li>
203      * <li>IET - America/Indiana/Indianapolis</li>
204      * <li>IST - Asia/Kolkata</li>
205      * <li>JST - Asia/Tokyo</li>
206      * <li>MIT - Pacific/Apia</li>
207      * <li>NET - Asia/Yerevan</li>
208      * <li>NST - Pacific/Auckland</li>
209      * <li>PLT - Asia/Karachi</li>
210      * <li>PNT - America/Phoenix</li>
211      * <li>PRT - America/Puerto_Rico</li>
212      * <li>PST - America/Los_Angeles</li>
213      * <li>SST - Pacific/Guadalcanal</li>
214      * <li>VST - Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh</li>
215      * </ul>
216      * The map is unmodifiable.
217      */
218     public static final Map<String, String> SHORT_IDS;
219     static {
220         Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(64);
221         map.put("ACT", "Australia/Darwin");
222         map.put("AET", "Australia/Sydney");
223         map.put("AGT", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires");
224         map.put("ART", "Africa/Cairo");
225         map.put("AST", "America/Anchorage");
226         map.put("BET", "America/Sao_Paulo");
227         map.put("BST", "Asia/Dhaka");
228         map.put("CAT", "Africa/Harare");
229         map.put("CNT", "America/St_Johns");
230         map.put("CST", "America/Chicago");
231         map.put("CTT", "Asia/Shanghai");
232         map.put("EAT", "Africa/Addis_Ababa");
233         map.put("ECT", "Europe/Paris");
234         map.put("IET", "America/Indiana/Indianapolis");
235         map.put("IST", "Asia/Kolkata");
236         map.put("JST", "Asia/Tokyo");
237         map.put("MIT", "Pacific/Apia");
238         map.put("NET", "Asia/Yerevan");
239         map.put("NST", "Pacific/Auckland");
240         map.put("PLT", "Asia/Karachi");
241         map.put("PNT", "America/Phoenix");
242         map.put("PRT", "America/Puerto_Rico");
243         map.put("PST", "America/Los_Angeles");
244         map.put("SST", "Pacific/Guadalcanal");
245         map.put("VST", "Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh");
246         map.put("EST", "-05:00");
247         map.put("MST", "-07:00");
248         map.put("HST", "-10:00");
249         SHORT_IDS = Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
250     }
251     /**
252      * Serialization version.
253      */
254     private static final long serialVersionUID = 8352817235686L;
255 
256     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
257     /**
258      * Gets the system default time-zone.
259      * <p>
260      * This queries {@link TimeZone#getDefault()} to find the default time-zone
261      * and converts it to a {@code ZoneId}. If the system default time-zone is changed,
262      * then the result of this method will also change.
263      *
264      * @return the zone ID, not null
265      * @throws DateTimeException if the converted zone ID has an invalid format
266      * @throws ZoneRulesException if the converted zone region ID cannot be found
267      */
systemDefault()268     public static ZoneId systemDefault() {
269         return TimeZone.getDefault().toZoneId();
270     }
271 
272     /**
273      * Gets the set of available zone IDs.
274      * <p>
275      * This set includes the string form of all available region-based IDs.
276      * Offset-based zone IDs are not included in the returned set.
277      * The ID can be passed to {@link #of(String)} to create a {@code ZoneId}.
278      * <p>
279      * The set of zone IDs can increase over time, although in a typical application
280      * the set of IDs is fixed. Each call to this method is thread-safe.
281      *
282      * @return a modifiable copy of the set of zone IDs, not null
283      */
getAvailableZoneIds()284     public static Set<String> getAvailableZoneIds() {
285         return ZoneRulesProvider.getAvailableZoneIds();
286     }
287 
288     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
289     /**
290      * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneId} using its ID using a map
291      * of aliases to supplement the standard zone IDs.
292      * <p>
293      * Many users of time-zones use short abbreviations, such as PST for
294      * 'Pacific Standard Time' and PDT for 'Pacific Daylight Time'.
295      * These abbreviations are not unique, and so cannot be used as IDs.
296      * This method allows a map of string to time-zone to be setup and reused
297      * within an application.
298      *
299      * @param zoneId  the time-zone ID, not null
300      * @param aliasMap  a map of alias zone IDs (typically abbreviations) to real zone IDs, not null
301      * @return the zone ID, not null
302      * @throws DateTimeException if the zone ID has an invalid format
303      * @throws ZoneRulesException if the zone ID is a region ID that cannot be found
304      */
of(String zoneId, Map<String, String> aliasMap)305     public static ZoneId of(String zoneId, Map<String, String> aliasMap) {
306         Objects.requireNonNull(zoneId, "zoneId");
307         Objects.requireNonNull(aliasMap, "aliasMap");
308         String id = aliasMap.get(zoneId);
309         id = (id != null ? id : zoneId);
310         return of(id);
311     }
312 
313     /**
314      * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneId} from an ID ensuring that the
315      * ID is valid and available for use.
316      * <p>
317      * This method parses the ID producing a {@code ZoneId} or {@code ZoneOffset}.
318      * A {@code ZoneOffset} is returned if the ID is 'Z', or starts with '+' or '-'.
319      * The result will always be a valid ID for which {@link ZoneRules} can be obtained.
320      * <p>
321      * Parsing matches the zone ID step by step as follows.
322      * <ul>
323      * <li>If the zone ID equals 'Z', the result is {@code ZoneOffset.UTC}.
324      * <li>If the zone ID consists of a single letter, the zone ID is invalid
325      *  and {@code DateTimeException} is thrown.
326      * <li>If the zone ID starts with '+' or '-', the ID is parsed as a
327      *  {@code ZoneOffset} using {@link ZoneOffset#of(String)}.
328      * <li>If the zone ID equals 'GMT', 'UTC' or 'UT' then the result is a {@code ZoneId}
329      *  with the same ID and rules equivalent to {@code ZoneOffset.UTC}.
330      * <li>If the zone ID starts with 'UTC+', 'UTC-', 'GMT+', 'GMT-', 'UT+' or 'UT-'
331      *  then the ID is a prefixed offset-based ID. The ID is split in two, with
332      *  a two or three letter prefix and a suffix starting with the sign.
333      *  The suffix is parsed as a {@link ZoneOffset#of(String) ZoneOffset}.
334      *  The result will be a {@code ZoneId} with the specified UTC/GMT/UT prefix
335      *  and the normalized offset ID as per {@link ZoneOffset#getId()}.
336      *  The rules of the returned {@code ZoneId} will be equivalent to the
337      *  parsed {@code ZoneOffset}.
338      * <li>All other IDs are parsed as region-based zone IDs. Region IDs must
339      *  match the regular expression <code>[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9~/._+-]+</code>
340      *  otherwise a {@code DateTimeException} is thrown. If the zone ID is not
341      *  in the configured set of IDs, {@code ZoneRulesException} is thrown.
342      *  The detailed format of the region ID depends on the group supplying the data.
343      *  The default set of data is supplied by the IANA Time Zone Database (TZDB).
344      *  This has region IDs of the form '{area}/{city}', such as 'Europe/Paris' or 'America/New_York'.
345      *  This is compatible with most IDs from {@link java.util.TimeZone}.
346      * </ul>
347      *
348      * @param zoneId  the time-zone ID, not null
349      * @return the zone ID, not null
350      * @throws DateTimeException if the zone ID has an invalid format
351      * @throws ZoneRulesException if the zone ID is a region ID that cannot be found
352      */
of(String zoneId)353     public static ZoneId of(String zoneId) {
354         return of(zoneId, true);
355     }
356 
357     /**
358      * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneId} wrapping an offset.
359      * <p>
360      * If the prefix is "GMT", "UTC", or "UT" a {@code ZoneId}
361      * with the prefix and the non-zero offset is returned.
362      * If the prefix is empty {@code ""} the {@code ZoneOffset} is returned.
363      *
364      * @param prefix  the time-zone ID, not null
365      * @param offset  the offset, not null
366      * @return the zone ID, not null
367      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the prefix is not one of
368      *     "GMT", "UTC", or "UT", or ""
369      */
ofOffset(String prefix, ZoneOffset offset)370     public static ZoneId ofOffset(String prefix, ZoneOffset offset) {
371         Objects.requireNonNull(prefix, "prefix");
372         Objects.requireNonNull(offset, "offset");
373         if (prefix.length() == 0) {
374             return offset;
375         }
376 
377         if (!prefix.equals("GMT") && !prefix.equals("UTC") && !prefix.equals("UT")) {
378              throw new IllegalArgumentException("prefix should be GMT, UTC or UT, is: " + prefix);
379         }
380 
381         if (offset.getTotalSeconds() != 0) {
382             prefix = prefix.concat(offset.getId());
383         }
384         return new ZoneRegion(prefix, offset.getRules());
385     }
386 
387     /**
388      * Parses the ID, taking a flag to indicate whether {@code ZoneRulesException}
389      * should be thrown or not, used in deserialization.
390      *
391      * @param zoneId  the time-zone ID, not null
392      * @param checkAvailable  whether to check if the zone ID is available
393      * @return the zone ID, not null
394      * @throws DateTimeException if the ID format is invalid
395      * @throws ZoneRulesException if checking availability and the ID cannot be found
396      */
of(String zoneId, boolean checkAvailable)397     static ZoneId of(String zoneId, boolean checkAvailable) {
398         Objects.requireNonNull(zoneId, "zoneId");
399         if (zoneId.length() <= 1 || zoneId.startsWith("+") || zoneId.startsWith("-")) {
400             return ZoneOffset.of(zoneId);
401         } else if (zoneId.startsWith("UTC") || zoneId.startsWith("GMT")) {
402             return ofWithPrefix(zoneId, 3, checkAvailable);
403         } else if (zoneId.startsWith("UT")) {
404             return ofWithPrefix(zoneId, 2, checkAvailable);
405         }
406         return ZoneRegion.ofId(zoneId, checkAvailable);
407     }
408 
409     /**
410      * Parse once a prefix is established.
411      *
412      * @param zoneId  the time-zone ID, not null
413      * @param prefixLength  the length of the prefix, 2 or 3
414      * @return the zone ID, not null
415      * @throws DateTimeException if the zone ID has an invalid format
416      */
ofWithPrefix(String zoneId, int prefixLength, boolean checkAvailable)417     private static ZoneId ofWithPrefix(String zoneId, int prefixLength, boolean checkAvailable) {
418         String prefix = zoneId.substring(0, prefixLength);
419         if (zoneId.length() == prefixLength) {
420             return ofOffset(prefix, ZoneOffset.UTC);
421         }
422         if (zoneId.charAt(prefixLength) != '+' && zoneId.charAt(prefixLength) != '-') {
423             return ZoneRegion.ofId(zoneId, checkAvailable);  // drop through to ZoneRulesProvider
424         }
425         try {
426             ZoneOffset offset = ZoneOffset.of(zoneId.substring(prefixLength));
427             if (offset == ZoneOffset.UTC) {
428                 return ofOffset(prefix, offset);
429             }
430             return ofOffset(prefix, offset);
431         } catch (DateTimeException ex) {
432             throw new DateTimeException("Invalid ID for offset-based ZoneId: " + zoneId, ex);
433         }
434     }
435 
436     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
437     /**
438      * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneId} from a temporal object.
439      * <p>
440      * This obtains a zone based on the specified temporal.
441      * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents an arbitrary set of date and time information,
442      * which this factory converts to an instance of {@code ZoneId}.
443      * <p>
444      * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents some form of date and time information.
445      * This factory converts the arbitrary temporal object to an instance of {@code ZoneId}.
446      * <p>
447      * The conversion will try to obtain the zone in a way that favours region-based
448      * zones over offset-based zones using {@link TemporalQueries#zone()}.
449      * <p>
450      * This method matches the signature of the functional interface {@link TemporalQuery}
451      * allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, {@code ZoneId::from}.
452      *
453      * @param temporal  the temporal object to convert, not null
454      * @return the zone ID, not null
455      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to a {@code ZoneId}
456      */
from(TemporalAccessor temporal)457     public static ZoneId from(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
458         ZoneId obj = temporal.query(TemporalQueries.zone());
459         if (obj == null) {
460             throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain ZoneId from TemporalAccessor: " +
461                     temporal + " of type " + temporal.getClass().getName());
462         }
463         return obj;
464     }
465 
466     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
467     /**
468      * Constructor only accessible within the package.
469      */
ZoneId()470     ZoneId() {
471         if (getClass() != ZoneOffset.class && getClass() != ZoneRegion.class) {
472             throw new AssertionError("Invalid subclass");
473         }
474     }
475 
476     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
477     /**
478      * Gets the unique time-zone ID.
479      * <p>
480      * This ID uniquely defines this object.
481      * The format of an offset based ID is defined by {@link ZoneOffset#getId()}.
482      *
483      * @return the time-zone unique ID, not null
484      */
getId()485     public abstract String getId();
486 
487     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
488     /**
489      * Gets the textual representation of the zone, such as 'British Time' or
490      * '+02:00'.
491      * <p>
492      * This returns the textual name used to identify the time-zone ID,
493      * suitable for presentation to the user.
494      * The parameters control the style of the returned text and the locale.
495      * <p>
496      * If no textual mapping is found then the {@link #getId() full ID} is returned.
497      *
498      * @param style  the length of the text required, not null
499      * @param locale  the locale to use, not null
500      * @return the text value of the zone, not null
501      */
getDisplayName(TextStyle style, Locale locale)502     public String getDisplayName(TextStyle style, Locale locale) {
503         return new DateTimeFormatterBuilder().appendZoneText(style).toFormatter(locale).format(toTemporal());
504     }
505 
506     /**
507      * Converts this zone to a {@code TemporalAccessor}.
508      * <p>
509      * A {@code ZoneId} can be fully represented as a {@code TemporalAccessor}.
510      * However, the interface is not implemented by this class as most of the
511      * methods on the interface have no meaning to {@code ZoneId}.
512      * <p>
513      * The returned temporal has no supported fields, with the query method
514      * supporting the return of the zone using {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId()}.
515      *
516      * @return a temporal equivalent to this zone, not null
517      */
toTemporal()518     private TemporalAccessor toTemporal() {
519         return new TemporalAccessor() {
520             @Override
521             public boolean isSupported(TemporalField field) {
522                 return false;
523             }
524             @Override
525             public long getLong(TemporalField field) {
526                 throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported field: " + field);
527             }
528             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
529             @Override
530             public <R> R query(TemporalQuery<R> query) {
531                 if (query == TemporalQueries.zoneId()) {
532                     return (R) ZoneId.this;
533                 }
534                 return TemporalAccessor.super.query(query);
535             }
536         };
537     }
538 
539     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
540     // Android-removed: ZoneRulesProvider related paragraph
541     /**
542      * Gets the time-zone rules for this ID allowing calculations to be performed.
543      * <p>
544      * The rules provide the functionality associated with a time-zone,
545      * such as finding the offset for a given instant or local date-time.
546      * <p>
547      * A time-zone can be invalid if it is deserialized in a Java Runtime which
548      * does not have the same rules loaded as the Java Runtime that stored it.
549      * In this case, calling this method will throw a {@code ZoneRulesException}.
550      * <p>
551      * {@link ZoneOffset} will always return a set of rules where the offset never changes.
552      *
553      * @return the rules, not null
554      * @throws ZoneRulesException if no rules are available for this ID
555      */
556     public abstract ZoneRules getRules();
557 
558     /**
559      * Normalizes the time-zone ID, returning a {@code ZoneOffset} where possible.
560      * <p>
561      * The returns a normalized {@code ZoneId} that can be used in place of this ID.
562      * The result will have {@code ZoneRules} equivalent to those returned by this object,
563      * however the ID returned by {@code getId()} may be different.
564      * <p>
565      * The normalization checks if the rules of this {@code ZoneId} have a fixed offset.
566      * If they do, then the {@code ZoneOffset} equal to that offset is returned.
567      * Otherwise {@code this} is returned.
568      *
569      * @return the time-zone unique ID, not null
570      */
571     public ZoneId normalized() {
572         try {
573             ZoneRules rules = getRules();
574             if (rules.isFixedOffset()) {
575                 return rules.getOffset(Instant.EPOCH);
576             }
577         } catch (ZoneRulesException ex) {
578             // invalid ZoneRegion is not important to this method
579         }
580         return this;
581     }
582 
583     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
584     /**
585      * Checks if this time-zone ID is equal to another time-zone ID.
586      * <p>
587      * The comparison is based on the ID.
588      *
589      * @param obj  the object to check, null returns false
590      * @return true if this is equal to the other time-zone ID
591      */
592     @Override
593     public boolean equals(Object obj) {
594         if (this == obj) {
595            return true;
596         }
597         if (obj instanceof ZoneId) {
598             ZoneId other = (ZoneId) obj;
599             return getId().equals(other.getId());
600         }
601         return false;
602     }
603 
604     /**
605      * A hash code for this time-zone ID.
606      *
607      * @return a suitable hash code
608      */
609     @Override
610     public int hashCode() {
611         return getId().hashCode();
612     }
613 
614     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
615     /**
616      * Defend against malicious streams.
617      *
618      * @param s the stream to read
619      * @throws InvalidObjectException always
620      */
621     private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws InvalidObjectException {
622         throw new InvalidObjectException("Deserialization via serialization delegate");
623     }
624 
625     /**
626      * Outputs this zone as a {@code String}, using the ID.
627      *
628      * @return a string representation of this time-zone ID, not null
629      */
630     @Override
631     public String toString() {
632         return getId();
633     }
634 
635     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
636     /**
637      * Writes the object using a
638      * <a href="../../serialized-form.html#java.time.Ser">dedicated serialized form</a>.
639      * @serialData
640      * <pre>
641      *  out.writeByte(7);  // identifies a ZoneId (not ZoneOffset)
642      *  out.writeUTF(getId());
643      * </pre>
644      * <p>
645      * When read back in, the {@code ZoneId} will be created as though using
646      * {@link #of(String)}, but without any exception in the case where the
647      * ID has a valid format, but is not in the known set of region-based IDs.
648      *
649      * @return the instance of {@code Ser}, not null
650      */
651     // this is here for serialization Javadoc
652     private Object writeReplace() {
653         return new Ser(Ser.ZONE_REGION_TYPE, this);
654     }
655 
656     abstract void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException;
657 
658 }
659