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1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions
7  * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2)
8  * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and
9  * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials
10  * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning
11  * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement:
12  * ``This product includes software developed by the University of California,
13  * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of
14  * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
15  * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
16  * written permission.
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
18  * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
19  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
20  */
21 
22 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
23 #include "config.h"
24 #endif
25 
26 #include <sys/param.h>			/* optionally get BSD define */
27 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
28 #include <sys/mman.h>
29 #endif
30 #include <sys/socket.h>
31 #include <time.h>
32 /*
33  * <net/bpf.h> defines ioctls, but doesn't include <sys/ioccom.h>.
34  *
35  * We include <sys/ioctl.h> as it might be necessary to declare ioctl();
36  * at least on *BSD and Mac OS X, it also defines various SIOC ioctls -
37  * we could include <sys/sockio.h>, but if we're already including
38  * <sys/ioctl.h>, which includes <sys/sockio.h> on those platforms,
39  * there's not much point in doing so.
40  *
41  * If we have <sys/ioccom.h>, we include it as well, to handle systems
42  * such as Solaris which don't arrange to include <sys/ioccom.h> if you
43  * include <sys/ioctl.h>
44  */
45 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
46 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_IOCCOM_H
47 #include <sys/ioccom.h>
48 #endif
49 #include <sys/utsname.h>
50 
51 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(SIOCIFCREATE2)
52 /*
53  * Add support for capturing on FreeBSD usbusN interfaces.
54  */
55 static const char usbus_prefix[] = "usbus";
56 #define USBUS_PREFIX_LEN	(sizeof(usbus_prefix) - 1)
57 #include <dirent.h>
58 #endif
59 
60 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
61 #include <machine/atomic.h>
62 #endif
63 
64 #include <net/if.h>
65 
66 #ifdef _AIX
67 
68 /*
69  * Make "pcap.h" not include "pcap/bpf.h"; we are going to include the
70  * native OS version, as we need "struct bpf_config" from it.
71  */
72 #define PCAP_DONT_INCLUDE_PCAP_BPF_H
73 
74 #include <sys/types.h>
75 
76 /*
77  * Prevent bpf.h from redefining the DLT_ values to their
78  * IFT_ values, as we're going to return the standard libpcap
79  * values, not IBM's non-standard IFT_ values.
80  */
81 #undef _AIX
82 #include <net/bpf.h>
83 #define _AIX
84 
85 #include <net/if_types.h>		/* for IFT_ values */
86 #include <sys/sysconfig.h>
87 #include <sys/device.h>
88 #include <sys/cfgodm.h>
89 #include <cf.h>
90 
91 #ifdef __64BIT__
92 #define domakedev makedev64
93 #define getmajor major64
94 #define bpf_hdr bpf_hdr32
95 #else /* __64BIT__ */
96 #define domakedev makedev
97 #define getmajor major
98 #endif /* __64BIT__ */
99 
100 #define BPF_NAME "bpf"
101 #define BPF_MINORS 4
102 #define DRIVER_PATH "/usr/lib/drivers"
103 #define BPF_NODE "/dev/bpf"
104 static int bpfloadedflag = 0;
105 static int odmlockid = 0;
106 
107 static int bpf_load(char *errbuf);
108 
109 #else /* _AIX */
110 
111 #include <net/bpf.h>
112 
113 #endif /* _AIX */
114 
115 #include <ctype.h>
116 #include <fcntl.h>
117 #include <errno.h>
118 #include <netdb.h>
119 #include <stdio.h>
120 #include <stdlib.h>
121 #include <string.h>
122 #include <unistd.h>
123 
124 #ifdef HAVE_NET_IF_MEDIA_H
125 # include <net/if_media.h>
126 #endif
127 
128 #include "pcap-int.h"
129 
130 #ifdef HAVE_OS_PROTO_H
131 #include "os-proto.h"
132 #endif
133 
134 /*
135  * Later versions of NetBSD stick padding in front of FDDI frames
136  * to align the IP header on a 4-byte boundary.
137  */
138 #if defined(__NetBSD__) && __NetBSD_Version__ > 106000000
139 #define       PCAP_FDDIPAD 3
140 #endif
141 
142 /*
143  * Private data for capturing on BPF devices.
144  */
145 struct pcap_bpf {
146 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
147 	/*
148 	 * Zero-copy read buffer -- for zero-copy BPF.  'buffer' above will
149 	 * alternative between these two actual mmap'd buffers as required.
150 	 * As there is a header on the front size of the mmap'd buffer, only
151 	 * some of the buffer is exposed to libpcap as a whole via bufsize;
152 	 * zbufsize is the true size.  zbuffer tracks the current zbuf
153 	 * assocated with buffer so that it can be used to decide which the
154 	 * next buffer to read will be.
155 	 */
156 	u_char *zbuf1, *zbuf2, *zbuffer;
157 	u_int zbufsize;
158 	u_int zerocopy;
159 	u_int interrupted;
160 	struct timespec firstsel;
161 	/*
162 	 * If there's currently a buffer being actively processed, then it is
163 	 * referenced here; 'buffer' is also pointed at it, but offset by the
164 	 * size of the header.
165 	 */
166 	struct bpf_zbuf_header *bzh;
167 	int nonblock;		/* true if in nonblocking mode */
168 #endif /* HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF */
169 
170 	char *device;		/* device name */
171 	int filtering_in_kernel; /* using kernel filter */
172 	int must_do_on_close;	/* stuff we must do when we close */
173 };
174 
175 /*
176  * Stuff to do when we close.
177  */
178 #define MUST_CLEAR_RFMON	0x00000001	/* clear rfmon (monitor) mode */
179 #define MUST_DESTROY_USBUS	0x00000002	/* destroy usbusN interface */
180 
181 #ifdef BIOCGDLTLIST
182 # if (defined(HAVE_NET_IF_MEDIA_H) && defined(IFM_IEEE80211)) && !defined(__APPLE__)
183 #define HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211
184 
185 /*
186  * The ifm_ulist member of a struct ifmediareq is an int * on most systems,
187  * but it's a uint64_t on newer versions of OpenBSD.
188  *
189  * We check this by checking whether IFM_GMASK is defined and > 2^32-1.
190  */
191 #  if defined(IFM_GMASK) && IFM_GMASK > 0xFFFFFFFF
192 #    define IFM_ULIST_TYPE	uint64_t
193 #  else
194 #    define IFM_ULIST_TYPE	int
195 #  endif
196 # endif
197 
198 # if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211)
199 static int find_802_11(struct bpf_dltlist *);
200 
201 #  ifdef HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211
202 static int monitor_mode(pcap_t *, int);
203 #  endif
204 
205 #  if defined(__APPLE__)
206 static void remove_en(pcap_t *);
207 static void remove_802_11(pcap_t *);
208 #  endif
209 
210 # endif /* defined(__APPLE__) || defined(HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211) */
211 
212 #endif /* BIOCGDLTLIST */
213 
214 #if defined(sun) && defined(LIFNAMSIZ) && defined(lifr_zoneid)
215 #include <zone.h>
216 #endif
217 
218 /*
219  * We include the OS's <net/bpf.h>, not our "pcap/bpf.h", so we probably
220  * don't get DLT_DOCSIS defined.
221  */
222 #ifndef DLT_DOCSIS
223 #define DLT_DOCSIS	143
224 #endif
225 
226 /*
227  * On OS X, we don't even get any of the 802.11-plus-radio-header DLT_'s
228  * defined, even though some of them are used by various Airport drivers.
229  */
230 #ifndef DLT_PRISM_HEADER
231 #define DLT_PRISM_HEADER	119
232 #endif
233 #ifndef DLT_AIRONET_HEADER
234 #define DLT_AIRONET_HEADER	120
235 #endif
236 #ifndef DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO
237 #define DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO	127
238 #endif
239 #ifndef DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS
240 #define DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS 163
241 #endif
242 
243 static int pcap_can_set_rfmon_bpf(pcap_t *p);
244 static int pcap_activate_bpf(pcap_t *p);
245 static int pcap_setfilter_bpf(pcap_t *p, struct bpf_program *fp);
246 static int pcap_setdirection_bpf(pcap_t *, pcap_direction_t);
247 static int pcap_set_datalink_bpf(pcap_t *p, int dlt);
248 
249 /*
250  * For zerocopy bpf, the setnonblock/getnonblock routines need to modify
251  * pb->nonblock so we don't call select(2) if the pcap handle is in non-
252  * blocking mode.
253  */
254 static int
pcap_getnonblock_bpf(pcap_t * p,char * errbuf)255 pcap_getnonblock_bpf(pcap_t *p, char *errbuf)
256 {
257 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
258 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
259 
260 	if (pb->zerocopy)
261 		return (pb->nonblock);
262 #endif
263 	return (pcap_getnonblock_fd(p, errbuf));
264 }
265 
266 static int
pcap_setnonblock_bpf(pcap_t * p,int nonblock,char * errbuf)267 pcap_setnonblock_bpf(pcap_t *p, int nonblock, char *errbuf)
268 {
269 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
270 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
271 
272 	if (pb->zerocopy) {
273 		pb->nonblock = nonblock;
274 		return (0);
275 	}
276 #endif
277 	return (pcap_setnonblock_fd(p, nonblock, errbuf));
278 }
279 
280 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
281 /*
282  * Zero-copy BPF buffer routines to check for and acknowledge BPF data in
283  * shared memory buffers.
284  *
285  * pcap_next_zbuf_shm(): Check for a newly available shared memory buffer,
286  * and set up p->buffer and cc to reflect one if available.  Notice that if
287  * there was no prior buffer, we select zbuf1 as this will be the first
288  * buffer filled for a fresh BPF session.
289  */
290 static int
pcap_next_zbuf_shm(pcap_t * p,int * cc)291 pcap_next_zbuf_shm(pcap_t *p, int *cc)
292 {
293 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
294 	struct bpf_zbuf_header *bzh;
295 
296 	if (pb->zbuffer == pb->zbuf2 || pb->zbuffer == NULL) {
297 		bzh = (struct bpf_zbuf_header *)pb->zbuf1;
298 		if (bzh->bzh_user_gen !=
299 		    atomic_load_acq_int(&bzh->bzh_kernel_gen)) {
300 			pb->bzh = bzh;
301 			pb->zbuffer = (u_char *)pb->zbuf1;
302 			p->buffer = pb->zbuffer + sizeof(*bzh);
303 			*cc = bzh->bzh_kernel_len;
304 			return (1);
305 		}
306 	} else if (pb->zbuffer == pb->zbuf1) {
307 		bzh = (struct bpf_zbuf_header *)pb->zbuf2;
308 		if (bzh->bzh_user_gen !=
309 		    atomic_load_acq_int(&bzh->bzh_kernel_gen)) {
310 			pb->bzh = bzh;
311 			pb->zbuffer = (u_char *)pb->zbuf2;
312   			p->buffer = pb->zbuffer + sizeof(*bzh);
313 			*cc = bzh->bzh_kernel_len;
314 			return (1);
315 		}
316 	}
317 	*cc = 0;
318 	return (0);
319 }
320 
321 /*
322  * pcap_next_zbuf() -- Similar to pcap_next_zbuf_shm(), except wait using
323  * select() for data or a timeout, and possibly force rotation of the buffer
324  * in the event we time out or are in immediate mode.  Invoke the shared
325  * memory check before doing system calls in order to avoid doing avoidable
326  * work.
327  */
328 static int
pcap_next_zbuf(pcap_t * p,int * cc)329 pcap_next_zbuf(pcap_t *p, int *cc)
330 {
331 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
332 	struct bpf_zbuf bz;
333 	struct timeval tv;
334 	struct timespec cur;
335 	fd_set r_set;
336 	int data, r;
337 	int expire, tmout;
338 
339 #define TSTOMILLI(ts) (((ts)->tv_sec * 1000) + ((ts)->tv_nsec / 1000000))
340 	/*
341 	 * Start out by seeing whether anything is waiting by checking the
342 	 * next shared memory buffer for data.
343 	 */
344 	data = pcap_next_zbuf_shm(p, cc);
345 	if (data)
346 		return (data);
347 	/*
348 	 * If a previous sleep was interrupted due to signal delivery, make
349 	 * sure that the timeout gets adjusted accordingly.  This requires
350 	 * that we analyze when the timeout should be been expired, and
351 	 * subtract the current time from that.  If after this operation,
352 	 * our timeout is less then or equal to zero, handle it like a
353 	 * regular timeout.
354 	 */
355 	tmout = p->opt.timeout;
356 	if (tmout)
357 		(void) clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &cur);
358 	if (pb->interrupted && p->opt.timeout) {
359 		expire = TSTOMILLI(&pb->firstsel) + p->opt.timeout;
360 		tmout = expire - TSTOMILLI(&cur);
361 #undef TSTOMILLI
362 		if (tmout <= 0) {
363 			pb->interrupted = 0;
364 			data = pcap_next_zbuf_shm(p, cc);
365 			if (data)
366 				return (data);
367 			if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCROTZBUF, &bz) < 0) {
368 				(void) pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
369 				    "BIOCROTZBUF: %s", strerror(errno));
370 				return (PCAP_ERROR);
371 			}
372 			return (pcap_next_zbuf_shm(p, cc));
373 		}
374 	}
375 	/*
376 	 * No data in the buffer, so must use select() to wait for data or
377 	 * the next timeout.  Note that we only call select if the handle
378 	 * is in blocking mode.
379 	 */
380 	if (!pb->nonblock) {
381 		FD_ZERO(&r_set);
382 		FD_SET(p->fd, &r_set);
383 		if (tmout != 0) {
384 			tv.tv_sec = tmout / 1000;
385 			tv.tv_usec = (tmout * 1000) % 1000000;
386 		}
387 		r = select(p->fd + 1, &r_set, NULL, NULL,
388 		    p->opt.timeout != 0 ? &tv : NULL);
389 		if (r < 0 && errno == EINTR) {
390 			if (!pb->interrupted && p->opt.timeout) {
391 				pb->interrupted = 1;
392 				pb->firstsel = cur;
393 			}
394 			return (0);
395 		} else if (r < 0) {
396 			(void) pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
397 			    "select: %s", strerror(errno));
398 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
399 		}
400 	}
401 	pb->interrupted = 0;
402 	/*
403 	 * Check again for data, which may exist now that we've either been
404 	 * woken up as a result of data or timed out.  Try the "there's data"
405 	 * case first since it doesn't require a system call.
406 	 */
407 	data = pcap_next_zbuf_shm(p, cc);
408 	if (data)
409 		return (data);
410 	/*
411 	 * Try forcing a buffer rotation to dislodge timed out or immediate
412 	 * data.
413 	 */
414 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCROTZBUF, &bz) < 0) {
415 		(void) pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
416 		    "BIOCROTZBUF: %s", strerror(errno));
417 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
418 	}
419 	return (pcap_next_zbuf_shm(p, cc));
420 }
421 
422 /*
423  * Notify kernel that we are done with the buffer.  We don't reset zbuffer so
424  * that we know which buffer to use next time around.
425  */
426 static int
pcap_ack_zbuf(pcap_t * p)427 pcap_ack_zbuf(pcap_t *p)
428 {
429 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
430 
431 	atomic_store_rel_int(&pb->bzh->bzh_user_gen,
432 	    pb->bzh->bzh_kernel_gen);
433 	pb->bzh = NULL;
434 	p->buffer = NULL;
435 	return (0);
436 }
437 #endif /* HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF */
438 
439 pcap_t *
pcap_create_interface(const char * device _U_,char * ebuf)440 pcap_create_interface(const char *device _U_, char *ebuf)
441 {
442 	pcap_t *p;
443 
444 	p = pcap_create_common(ebuf, sizeof (struct pcap_bpf));
445 	if (p == NULL)
446 		return (NULL);
447 
448 	p->activate_op = pcap_activate_bpf;
449 	p->can_set_rfmon_op = pcap_can_set_rfmon_bpf;
450 #ifdef BIOCSTSTAMP
451 	/*
452 	 * We claim that we support microsecond and nanosecond time
453 	 * stamps.
454 	 */
455 	p->tstamp_precision_count = 2;
456 	p->tstamp_precision_list = malloc(2 * sizeof(u_int));
457 	if (p->tstamp_precision_list == NULL) {
458 		snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "malloc: %s",
459 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
460 		free(p);
461 		return (NULL);
462 	}
463 	p->tstamp_precision_list[0] = PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_MICRO;
464 	p->tstamp_precision_list[1] = PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_NANO;
465 #endif /* BIOCSTSTAMP */
466 	return (p);
467 }
468 
469 /*
470  * On success, returns a file descriptor for a BPF device.
471  * On failure, returns a PCAP_ERROR_ value, and sets p->errbuf.
472  */
473 static int
bpf_open(char * errbuf)474 bpf_open(char *errbuf)
475 {
476 	int fd;
477 #ifdef HAVE_CLONING_BPF
478 	static const char device[] = "/dev/bpf";
479 #else
480 	int n = 0;
481 	char device[sizeof "/dev/bpf0000000000"];
482 #endif
483 
484 #ifdef _AIX
485 	/*
486 	 * Load the bpf driver, if it isn't already loaded,
487 	 * and create the BPF device entries, if they don't
488 	 * already exist.
489 	 */
490 	if (bpf_load(errbuf) == PCAP_ERROR)
491 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
492 #endif
493 
494 #ifdef HAVE_CLONING_BPF
495 	if ((fd = open(device, O_RDWR)) == -1 &&
496 	    (errno != EACCES || (fd = open(device, O_RDONLY)) == -1)) {
497 		if (errno == EACCES)
498 			fd = PCAP_ERROR_PERM_DENIED;
499 		else
500 			fd = PCAP_ERROR;
501 		pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
502 		  "(cannot open device) %s: %s", device, pcap_strerror(errno));
503 	}
504 #else
505 	/*
506 	 * Go through all the minors and find one that isn't in use.
507 	 */
508 	do {
509 		(void)pcap_snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "/dev/bpf%d", n++);
510 		/*
511 		 * Initially try a read/write open (to allow the inject
512 		 * method to work).  If that fails due to permission
513 		 * issues, fall back to read-only.  This allows a
514 		 * non-root user to be granted specific access to pcap
515 		 * capabilities via file permissions.
516 		 *
517 		 * XXX - we should have an API that has a flag that
518 		 * controls whether to open read-only or read-write,
519 		 * so that denial of permission to send (or inability
520 		 * to send, if sending packets isn't supported on
521 		 * the device in question) can be indicated at open
522 		 * time.
523 		 */
524 		fd = open(device, O_RDWR);
525 		if (fd == -1 && errno == EACCES)
526 			fd = open(device, O_RDONLY);
527 	} while (fd < 0 && errno == EBUSY);
528 
529 	/*
530 	 * XXX better message for all minors used
531 	 */
532 	if (fd < 0) {
533 		switch (errno) {
534 
535 		case ENOENT:
536 			fd = PCAP_ERROR;
537 			if (n == 1) {
538 				/*
539 				 * /dev/bpf0 doesn't exist, which
540 				 * means we probably have no BPF
541 				 * devices.
542 				 */
543 				pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
544 				    "(there are no BPF devices)");
545 			} else {
546 				/*
547 				 * We got EBUSY on at least one
548 				 * BPF device, so we have BPF
549 				 * devices, but all the ones
550 				 * that exist are busy.
551 				 */
552 				pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
553 				    "(all BPF devices are busy)");
554 			}
555 			break;
556 
557 		case EACCES:
558 			/*
559 			 * Got EACCES on the last device we tried,
560 			 * and EBUSY on all devices before that,
561 			 * if any.
562 			 */
563 			fd = PCAP_ERROR_PERM_DENIED;
564 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
565 			    "(cannot open BPF device) %s: %s", device,
566 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
567 			break;
568 
569 		default:
570 			/*
571 			 * Some other problem.
572 			 */
573 			fd = PCAP_ERROR;
574 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
575 			    "(cannot open BPF device) %s: %s", device,
576 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
577 			break;
578 		}
579 	}
580 #endif
581 
582 	return (fd);
583 }
584 
585 /*
586  * Open and bind to a device; used if we're not actually going to use
587  * the device, but are just testing whether it can be opened, or opening
588  * it to get information about it.
589  *
590  * Returns an error code on failure (always negative), and an FD for
591  * the now-bound BPF device on success (always non-negative).
592  */
593 static int
bpf_open_and_bind(const char * name,char * errbuf)594 bpf_open_and_bind(const char *name, char *errbuf)
595 {
596 	int fd;
597 	struct ifreq ifr;
598 
599 	/*
600 	 * First, open a BPF device.
601 	 */
602 	fd = bpf_open(errbuf);
603 	if (fd < 0)
604 		return (fd);	/* fd is the appropriate error code */
605 
606 	/*
607 	 * Now bind to the device.
608 	 */
609 	(void)strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
610 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETIF, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0) {
611 		switch (errno) {
612 
613 		case ENXIO:
614 			/*
615 			 * There's no such device.
616 			 */
617 			close(fd);
618 			return (PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE);
619 
620 		case ENETDOWN:
621 			/*
622 			 * Return a "network down" indication, so that
623 			 * the application can report that rather than
624 			 * saying we had a mysterious failure and
625 			 * suggest that they report a problem to the
626 			 * libpcap developers.
627 			 */
628 			close(fd);
629 			return (PCAP_ERROR_IFACE_NOT_UP);
630 
631 		default:
632 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
633 			    "BIOCSETIF: %s: %s", name, pcap_strerror(errno));
634 			close(fd);
635 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
636 		}
637 	}
638 
639 	/*
640 	 * Success.
641 	 */
642 	return (fd);
643 }
644 
645 #ifdef BIOCGDLTLIST
646 static int
get_dlt_list(int fd,int v,struct bpf_dltlist * bdlp,char * ebuf)647 get_dlt_list(int fd, int v, struct bpf_dltlist *bdlp, char *ebuf)
648 {
649 	memset(bdlp, 0, sizeof(*bdlp));
650 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCGDLTLIST, (caddr_t)bdlp) == 0) {
651 		u_int i;
652 		int is_ethernet;
653 
654 		bdlp->bfl_list = (u_int *) malloc(sizeof(u_int) * (bdlp->bfl_len + 1));
655 		if (bdlp->bfl_list == NULL) {
656 			(void)pcap_snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "malloc: %s",
657 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
658 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
659 		}
660 
661 		if (ioctl(fd, BIOCGDLTLIST, (caddr_t)bdlp) < 0) {
662 			(void)pcap_snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
663 			    "BIOCGDLTLIST: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
664 			free(bdlp->bfl_list);
665 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
666 		}
667 
668 		/*
669 		 * OK, for real Ethernet devices, add DLT_DOCSIS to the
670 		 * list, so that an application can let you choose it,
671 		 * in case you're capturing DOCSIS traffic that a Cisco
672 		 * Cable Modem Termination System is putting out onto
673 		 * an Ethernet (it doesn't put an Ethernet header onto
674 		 * the wire, it puts raw DOCSIS frames out on the wire
675 		 * inside the low-level Ethernet framing).
676 		 *
677 		 * A "real Ethernet device" is defined here as a device
678 		 * that has a link-layer type of DLT_EN10MB and that has
679 		 * no alternate link-layer types; that's done to exclude
680 		 * 802.11 interfaces (which might or might not be the
681 		 * right thing to do, but I suspect it is - Ethernet <->
682 		 * 802.11 bridges would probably badly mishandle frames
683 		 * that don't have Ethernet headers).
684 		 *
685 		 * On Solaris with BPF, Ethernet devices also offer
686 		 * DLT_IPNET, so we, if DLT_IPNET is defined, we don't
687 		 * treat it as an indication that the device isn't an
688 		 * Ethernet.
689 		 */
690 		if (v == DLT_EN10MB) {
691 			is_ethernet = 1;
692 			for (i = 0; i < bdlp->bfl_len; i++) {
693 				if (bdlp->bfl_list[i] != DLT_EN10MB
694 #ifdef DLT_IPNET
695 				    && bdlp->bfl_list[i] != DLT_IPNET
696 #endif
697 				    ) {
698 					is_ethernet = 0;
699 					break;
700 				}
701 			}
702 			if (is_ethernet) {
703 				/*
704 				 * We reserved one more slot at the end of
705 				 * the list.
706 				 */
707 				bdlp->bfl_list[bdlp->bfl_len] = DLT_DOCSIS;
708 				bdlp->bfl_len++;
709 			}
710 		}
711 	} else {
712 		/*
713 		 * EINVAL just means "we don't support this ioctl on
714 		 * this device"; don't treat it as an error.
715 		 */
716 		if (errno != EINVAL) {
717 			(void)pcap_snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
718 			    "BIOCGDLTLIST: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
719 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
720 		}
721 	}
722 	return (0);
723 }
724 #endif
725 
726 static int
pcap_can_set_rfmon_bpf(pcap_t * p)727 pcap_can_set_rfmon_bpf(pcap_t *p)
728 {
729 #if defined(__APPLE__)
730 	struct utsname osinfo;
731 	struct ifreq ifr;
732 	int fd;
733 #ifdef BIOCGDLTLIST
734 	struct bpf_dltlist bdl;
735 #endif
736 
737 	/*
738 	 * The joys of monitor mode on OS X.
739 	 *
740 	 * Prior to 10.4, it's not supported at all.
741 	 *
742 	 * In 10.4, if adapter enN supports monitor mode, there's a
743 	 * wltN adapter corresponding to it; you open it, instead of
744 	 * enN, to get monitor mode.  You get whatever link-layer
745 	 * headers it supplies.
746 	 *
747 	 * In 10.5, and, we assume, later releases, if adapter enN
748 	 * supports monitor mode, it offers, among its selectable
749 	 * DLT_ values, values that let you get the 802.11 header;
750 	 * selecting one of those values puts the adapter into monitor
751 	 * mode (i.e., you can't get 802.11 headers except in monitor
752 	 * mode, and you can't get Ethernet headers in monitor mode).
753 	 */
754 	if (uname(&osinfo) == -1) {
755 		/*
756 		 * Can't get the OS version; just say "no".
757 		 */
758 		return (0);
759 	}
760 	/*
761 	 * We assume osinfo.sysname is "Darwin", because
762 	 * __APPLE__ is defined.  We just check the version.
763 	 */
764 	if (osinfo.release[0] < '8' && osinfo.release[1] == '.') {
765 		/*
766 		 * 10.3 (Darwin 7.x) or earlier.
767 		 * Monitor mode not supported.
768 		 */
769 		return (0);
770 	}
771 	if (osinfo.release[0] == '8' && osinfo.release[1] == '.') {
772 		/*
773 		 * 10.4 (Darwin 8.x).  s/en/wlt/, and check
774 		 * whether the device exists.
775 		 */
776 		if (strncmp(p->opt.device, "en", 2) != 0) {
777 			/*
778 			 * Not an enN device; no monitor mode.
779 			 */
780 			return (0);
781 		}
782 		fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
783 		if (fd == -1) {
784 			(void)pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
785 			    "socket: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
786 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
787 		}
788 		strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, "wlt", sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
789 		strlcat(ifr.ifr_name, p->opt.device + 2, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
790 		if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, (char *)&ifr) < 0) {
791 			/*
792 			 * No such device?
793 			 */
794 			close(fd);
795 			return (0);
796 		}
797 		close(fd);
798 		return (1);
799 	}
800 
801 #ifdef BIOCGDLTLIST
802 	/*
803 	 * Everything else is 10.5 or later; for those,
804 	 * we just open the enN device, and check whether
805 	 * we have any 802.11 devices.
806 	 *
807 	 * First, open a BPF device.
808 	 */
809 	fd = bpf_open(p->errbuf);
810 	if (fd < 0)
811 		return (fd);	/* fd is the appropriate error code */
812 
813 	/*
814 	 * Now bind to the device.
815 	 */
816 	(void)strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, p->opt.device, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
817 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETIF, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0) {
818 		switch (errno) {
819 
820 		case ENXIO:
821 			/*
822 			 * There's no such device.
823 			 */
824 			close(fd);
825 			return (PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE);
826 
827 		case ENETDOWN:
828 			/*
829 			 * Return a "network down" indication, so that
830 			 * the application can report that rather than
831 			 * saying we had a mysterious failure and
832 			 * suggest that they report a problem to the
833 			 * libpcap developers.
834 			 */
835 			close(fd);
836 			return (PCAP_ERROR_IFACE_NOT_UP);
837 
838 		default:
839 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
840 			    "BIOCSETIF: %s: %s",
841 			    p->opt.device, pcap_strerror(errno));
842 			close(fd);
843 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
844 		}
845 	}
846 
847 	/*
848 	 * We know the default link type -- now determine all the DLTs
849 	 * this interface supports.  If this fails with EINVAL, it's
850 	 * not fatal; we just don't get to use the feature later.
851 	 * (We don't care about DLT_DOCSIS, so we pass DLT_NULL
852 	 * as the default DLT for this adapter.)
853 	 */
854 	if (get_dlt_list(fd, DLT_NULL, &bdl, p->errbuf) == PCAP_ERROR) {
855 		close(fd);
856 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
857 	}
858 	if (find_802_11(&bdl) != -1) {
859 		/*
860 		 * We have an 802.11 DLT, so we can set monitor mode.
861 		 */
862 		free(bdl.bfl_list);
863 		close(fd);
864 		return (1);
865 	}
866 	free(bdl.bfl_list);
867 	close(fd);
868 #endif /* BIOCGDLTLIST */
869 	return (0);
870 #elif defined(HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211)
871 	int ret;
872 
873 	ret = monitor_mode(p, 0);
874 	if (ret == PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP)
875 		return (0);	/* not an error, just a "can't do" */
876 	if (ret == 0)
877 		return (1);	/* success */
878 	return (ret);
879 #else
880 	return (0);
881 #endif
882 }
883 
884 static int
pcap_stats_bpf(pcap_t * p,struct pcap_stat * ps)885 pcap_stats_bpf(pcap_t *p, struct pcap_stat *ps)
886 {
887 	struct bpf_stat s;
888 
889 	/*
890 	 * "ps_recv" counts packets handed to the filter, not packets
891 	 * that passed the filter.  This includes packets later dropped
892 	 * because we ran out of buffer space.
893 	 *
894 	 * "ps_drop" counts packets dropped inside the BPF device
895 	 * because we ran out of buffer space.  It doesn't count
896 	 * packets dropped by the interface driver.  It counts
897 	 * only packets that passed the filter.
898 	 *
899 	 * Both statistics include packets not yet read from the kernel
900 	 * by libpcap, and thus not yet seen by the application.
901 	 */
902 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCGSTATS, (caddr_t)&s) < 0) {
903 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCGSTATS: %s",
904 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
905 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
906 	}
907 
908 	ps->ps_recv = s.bs_recv;
909 	ps->ps_drop = s.bs_drop;
910 	ps->ps_ifdrop = 0;
911 	return (0);
912 }
913 
914 static int
pcap_read_bpf(pcap_t * p,int cnt,pcap_handler callback,u_char * user)915 pcap_read_bpf(pcap_t *p, int cnt, pcap_handler callback, u_char *user)
916 {
917 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
918 	int cc;
919 	int n = 0;
920 	register u_char *bp, *ep;
921 	u_char *datap;
922 #ifdef PCAP_FDDIPAD
923 	register u_int pad;
924 #endif
925 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
926 	int i;
927 #endif
928 
929  again:
930 	/*
931 	 * Has "pcap_breakloop()" been called?
932 	 */
933 	if (p->break_loop) {
934 		/*
935 		 * Yes - clear the flag that indicates that it
936 		 * has, and return PCAP_ERROR_BREAK to indicate
937 		 * that we were told to break out of the loop.
938 		 */
939 		p->break_loop = 0;
940 		return (PCAP_ERROR_BREAK);
941 	}
942 	cc = p->cc;
943 	if (p->cc == 0) {
944 		/*
945 		 * When reading without zero-copy from a file descriptor, we
946 		 * use a single buffer and return a length of data in the
947 		 * buffer.  With zero-copy, we update the p->buffer pointer
948 		 * to point at whatever underlying buffer contains the next
949 		 * data and update cc to reflect the data found in the
950 		 * buffer.
951 		 */
952 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
953 		if (pb->zerocopy) {
954 			if (p->buffer != NULL)
955 				pcap_ack_zbuf(p);
956 			i = pcap_next_zbuf(p, &cc);
957 			if (i == 0)
958 				goto again;
959 			if (i < 0)
960 				return (PCAP_ERROR);
961 		} else
962 #endif
963 		{
964 			cc = read(p->fd, p->buffer, p->bufsize);
965 		}
966 		if (cc < 0) {
967 			/* Don't choke when we get ptraced */
968 			switch (errno) {
969 
970 			case EINTR:
971 				goto again;
972 
973 #ifdef _AIX
974 			case EFAULT:
975 				/*
976 				 * Sigh.  More AIX wonderfulness.
977 				 *
978 				 * For some unknown reason the uiomove()
979 				 * operation in the bpf kernel extension
980 				 * used to copy the buffer into user
981 				 * space sometimes returns EFAULT. I have
982 				 * no idea why this is the case given that
983 				 * a kernel debugger shows the user buffer
984 				 * is correct. This problem appears to
985 				 * be mostly mitigated by the memset of
986 				 * the buffer before it is first used.
987 				 * Very strange.... Shaun Clowes
988 				 *
989 				 * In any case this means that we shouldn't
990 				 * treat EFAULT as a fatal error; as we
991 				 * don't have an API for returning
992 				 * a "some packets were dropped since
993 				 * the last packet you saw" indication,
994 				 * we just ignore EFAULT and keep reading.
995 				 */
996 				goto again;
997 #endif
998 
999 			case EWOULDBLOCK:
1000 				return (0);
1001 
1002 			case ENXIO:
1003 				/*
1004 				 * The device on which we're capturing
1005 				 * went away.
1006 				 *
1007 				 * XXX - we should really return
1008 				 * PCAP_ERROR_IFACE_NOT_UP, but
1009 				 * pcap_dispatch() etc. aren't
1010 				 * defined to retur that.
1011 				 */
1012 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1013 				    "The interface went down");
1014 				return (PCAP_ERROR);
1015 
1016 #if defined(sun) && !defined(BSD) && !defined(__svr4__) && !defined(__SVR4)
1017 			/*
1018 			 * Due to a SunOS bug, after 2^31 bytes, the kernel
1019 			 * file offset overflows and read fails with EINVAL.
1020 			 * The lseek() to 0 will fix things.
1021 			 */
1022 			case EINVAL:
1023 				if (lseek(p->fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR) +
1024 				    p->bufsize < 0) {
1025 					(void)lseek(p->fd, 0L, SEEK_SET);
1026 					goto again;
1027 				}
1028 				/* fall through */
1029 #endif
1030 			}
1031 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "read: %s",
1032 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
1033 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
1034 		}
1035 		bp = (u_char *)p->buffer;
1036 	} else
1037 		bp = p->bp;
1038 
1039 	/*
1040 	 * Loop through each packet.
1041 	 */
1042 #ifdef BIOCSTSTAMP
1043 #define bhp ((struct bpf_xhdr *)bp)
1044 #else
1045 #define bhp ((struct bpf_hdr *)bp)
1046 #endif
1047 	ep = bp + cc;
1048 #ifdef PCAP_FDDIPAD
1049 	pad = p->fddipad;
1050 #endif
1051 	while (bp < ep) {
1052 		register u_int caplen, hdrlen;
1053 
1054 		/*
1055 		 * Has "pcap_breakloop()" been called?
1056 		 * If so, return immediately - if we haven't read any
1057 		 * packets, clear the flag and return PCAP_ERROR_BREAK
1058 		 * to indicate that we were told to break out of the loop,
1059 		 * otherwise leave the flag set, so that the *next* call
1060 		 * will break out of the loop without having read any
1061 		 * packets, and return the number of packets we've
1062 		 * processed so far.
1063 		 */
1064 		if (p->break_loop) {
1065 			p->bp = bp;
1066 			p->cc = ep - bp;
1067 			/*
1068 			 * ep is set based on the return value of read(),
1069 			 * but read() from a BPF device doesn't necessarily
1070 			 * return a value that's a multiple of the alignment
1071 			 * value for BPF_WORDALIGN().  However, whenever we
1072 			 * increment bp, we round up the increment value by
1073 			 * a value rounded up by BPF_WORDALIGN(), so we
1074 			 * could increment bp past ep after processing the
1075 			 * last packet in the buffer.
1076 			 *
1077 			 * We treat ep < bp as an indication that this
1078 			 * happened, and just set p->cc to 0.
1079 			 */
1080 			if (p->cc < 0)
1081 				p->cc = 0;
1082 			if (n == 0) {
1083 				p->break_loop = 0;
1084 				return (PCAP_ERROR_BREAK);
1085 			} else
1086 				return (n);
1087 		}
1088 
1089 		caplen = bhp->bh_caplen;
1090 		hdrlen = bhp->bh_hdrlen;
1091 		datap = bp + hdrlen;
1092 		/*
1093 		 * Short-circuit evaluation: if using BPF filter
1094 		 * in kernel, no need to do it now - we already know
1095 		 * the packet passed the filter.
1096 		 *
1097 #ifdef PCAP_FDDIPAD
1098 		 * Note: the filter code was generated assuming
1099 		 * that p->fddipad was the amount of padding
1100 		 * before the header, as that's what's required
1101 		 * in the kernel, so we run the filter before
1102 		 * skipping that padding.
1103 #endif
1104 		 */
1105 		if (pb->filtering_in_kernel ||
1106 		    bpf_filter(p->fcode.bf_insns, datap, bhp->bh_datalen, caplen)) {
1107 			struct pcap_pkthdr pkthdr;
1108 #ifdef BIOCSTSTAMP
1109 			struct bintime bt;
1110 
1111 			bt.sec = bhp->bh_tstamp.bt_sec;
1112 			bt.frac = bhp->bh_tstamp.bt_frac;
1113 			if (p->opt.tstamp_precision == PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_NANO) {
1114 				struct timespec ts;
1115 
1116 				bintime2timespec(&bt, &ts);
1117 				pkthdr.ts.tv_sec = ts.tv_sec;
1118 				pkthdr.ts.tv_usec = ts.tv_nsec;
1119 			} else {
1120 				struct timeval tv;
1121 
1122 				bintime2timeval(&bt, &tv);
1123 				pkthdr.ts.tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;
1124 				pkthdr.ts.tv_usec = tv.tv_usec;
1125 			}
1126 #else
1127 			pkthdr.ts.tv_sec = bhp->bh_tstamp.tv_sec;
1128 #ifdef _AIX
1129 			/*
1130 			 * AIX's BPF returns seconds/nanoseconds time
1131 			 * stamps, not seconds/microseconds time stamps.
1132 			 */
1133 			pkthdr.ts.tv_usec = bhp->bh_tstamp.tv_usec/1000;
1134 #else
1135 			pkthdr.ts.tv_usec = bhp->bh_tstamp.tv_usec;
1136 #endif
1137 #endif /* BIOCSTSTAMP */
1138 #ifdef PCAP_FDDIPAD
1139 			if (caplen > pad)
1140 				pkthdr.caplen = caplen - pad;
1141 			else
1142 				pkthdr.caplen = 0;
1143 			if (bhp->bh_datalen > pad)
1144 				pkthdr.len = bhp->bh_datalen - pad;
1145 			else
1146 				pkthdr.len = 0;
1147 			datap += pad;
1148 #else
1149 			pkthdr.caplen = caplen;
1150 			pkthdr.len = bhp->bh_datalen;
1151 #endif
1152 			(*callback)(user, &pkthdr, datap);
1153 			bp += BPF_WORDALIGN(caplen + hdrlen);
1154 			if (++n >= cnt && !PACKET_COUNT_IS_UNLIMITED(cnt)) {
1155 				p->bp = bp;
1156 				p->cc = ep - bp;
1157 				/*
1158 				 * See comment above about p->cc < 0.
1159 				 */
1160 				if (p->cc < 0)
1161 					p->cc = 0;
1162 				return (n);
1163 			}
1164 		} else {
1165 			/*
1166 			 * Skip this packet.
1167 			 */
1168 			bp += BPF_WORDALIGN(caplen + hdrlen);
1169 		}
1170 	}
1171 #undef bhp
1172 	p->cc = 0;
1173 	return (n);
1174 }
1175 
1176 static int
pcap_inject_bpf(pcap_t * p,const void * buf,size_t size)1177 pcap_inject_bpf(pcap_t *p, const void *buf, size_t size)
1178 {
1179 	int ret;
1180 
1181 	ret = write(p->fd, buf, size);
1182 #ifdef __APPLE__
1183 	if (ret == -1 && errno == EAFNOSUPPORT) {
1184 		/*
1185 		 * In Mac OS X, there's a bug wherein setting the
1186 		 * BIOCSHDRCMPLT flag causes writes to fail; see,
1187 		 * for example:
1188 		 *
1189 		 *	http://cerberus.sourcefire.com/~jeff/archives/patches/macosx/BIOCSHDRCMPLT-10.3.3.patch
1190 		 *
1191 		 * So, if, on OS X, we get EAFNOSUPPORT from the write, we
1192 		 * assume it's due to that bug, and turn off that flag
1193 		 * and try again.  If we succeed, it either means that
1194 		 * somebody applied the fix from that URL, or other patches
1195 		 * for that bug from
1196 		 *
1197 		 *	http://cerberus.sourcefire.com/~jeff/archives/patches/macosx/
1198 		 *
1199 		 * and are running a Darwin kernel with those fixes, or
1200 		 * that Apple fixed the problem in some OS X release.
1201 		 */
1202 		u_int spoof_eth_src = 0;
1203 
1204 		if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSHDRCMPLT, &spoof_eth_src) == -1) {
1205 			(void)pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1206 			    "send: can't turn off BIOCSHDRCMPLT: %s",
1207 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
1208 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
1209 		}
1210 
1211 		/*
1212 		 * Now try the write again.
1213 		 */
1214 		ret = write(p->fd, buf, size);
1215 	}
1216 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
1217 	if (ret == -1) {
1218 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "send: %s",
1219 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
1220 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1221 	}
1222 	return (ret);
1223 }
1224 
1225 #ifdef _AIX
1226 static int
bpf_odminit(char * errbuf)1227 bpf_odminit(char *errbuf)
1228 {
1229 	char *errstr;
1230 
1231 	if (odm_initialize() == -1) {
1232 		if (odm_err_msg(odmerrno, &errstr) == -1)
1233 			errstr = "Unknown error";
1234 		pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1235 		    "bpf_load: odm_initialize failed: %s",
1236 		    errstr);
1237 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1238 	}
1239 
1240 	if ((odmlockid = odm_lock("/etc/objrepos/config_lock", ODM_WAIT)) == -1) {
1241 		if (odm_err_msg(odmerrno, &errstr) == -1)
1242 			errstr = "Unknown error";
1243 		pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1244 		    "bpf_load: odm_lock of /etc/objrepos/config_lock failed: %s",
1245 		    errstr);
1246 		(void)odm_terminate();
1247 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1248 	}
1249 
1250 	return (0);
1251 }
1252 
1253 static int
bpf_odmcleanup(char * errbuf)1254 bpf_odmcleanup(char *errbuf)
1255 {
1256 	char *errstr;
1257 
1258 	if (odm_unlock(odmlockid) == -1) {
1259 		if (errbuf != NULL) {
1260 			if (odm_err_msg(odmerrno, &errstr) == -1)
1261 				errstr = "Unknown error";
1262 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1263 			    "bpf_load: odm_unlock failed: %s",
1264 			    errstr);
1265 		}
1266 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1267 	}
1268 
1269 	if (odm_terminate() == -1) {
1270 		if (errbuf != NULL) {
1271 			if (odm_err_msg(odmerrno, &errstr) == -1)
1272 				errstr = "Unknown error";
1273 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1274 			    "bpf_load: odm_terminate failed: %s",
1275 			    errstr);
1276 		}
1277 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1278 	}
1279 
1280 	return (0);
1281 }
1282 
1283 static int
bpf_load(char * errbuf)1284 bpf_load(char *errbuf)
1285 {
1286 	long major;
1287 	int *minors;
1288 	int numminors, i, rc;
1289 	char buf[1024];
1290 	struct stat sbuf;
1291 	struct bpf_config cfg_bpf;
1292 	struct cfg_load cfg_ld;
1293 	struct cfg_kmod cfg_km;
1294 
1295 	/*
1296 	 * This is very very close to what happens in the real implementation
1297 	 * but I've fixed some (unlikely) bug situations.
1298 	 */
1299 	if (bpfloadedflag)
1300 		return (0);
1301 
1302 	if (bpf_odminit(errbuf) == PCAP_ERROR)
1303 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1304 
1305 	major = genmajor(BPF_NAME);
1306 	if (major == -1) {
1307 		pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1308 		    "bpf_load: genmajor failed: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
1309 		(void)bpf_odmcleanup(NULL);
1310 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1311 	}
1312 
1313 	minors = getminor(major, &numminors, BPF_NAME);
1314 	if (!minors) {
1315 		minors = genminor("bpf", major, 0, BPF_MINORS, 1, 1);
1316 		if (!minors) {
1317 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1318 			    "bpf_load: genminor failed: %s",
1319 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
1320 			(void)bpf_odmcleanup(NULL);
1321 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
1322 		}
1323 	}
1324 
1325 	if (bpf_odmcleanup(errbuf) == PCAP_ERROR)
1326 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1327 
1328 	rc = stat(BPF_NODE "0", &sbuf);
1329 	if (rc == -1 && errno != ENOENT) {
1330 		pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1331 		    "bpf_load: can't stat %s: %s",
1332 		    BPF_NODE "0", pcap_strerror(errno));
1333 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1334 	}
1335 
1336 	if (rc == -1 || getmajor(sbuf.st_rdev) != major) {
1337 		for (i = 0; i < BPF_MINORS; i++) {
1338 			sprintf(buf, "%s%d", BPF_NODE, i);
1339 			unlink(buf);
1340 			if (mknod(buf, S_IRUSR | S_IFCHR, domakedev(major, i)) == -1) {
1341 				pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1342 				    "bpf_load: can't mknod %s: %s",
1343 				    buf, pcap_strerror(errno));
1344 				return (PCAP_ERROR);
1345 			}
1346 		}
1347 	}
1348 
1349 	/* Check if the driver is loaded */
1350 	memset(&cfg_ld, 0x0, sizeof(cfg_ld));
1351 	cfg_ld.path = buf;
1352 	sprintf(cfg_ld.path, "%s/%s", DRIVER_PATH, BPF_NAME);
1353 	if ((sysconfig(SYS_QUERYLOAD, (void *)&cfg_ld, sizeof(cfg_ld)) == -1) ||
1354 	    (cfg_ld.kmid == 0)) {
1355 		/* Driver isn't loaded, load it now */
1356 		if (sysconfig(SYS_SINGLELOAD, (void *)&cfg_ld, sizeof(cfg_ld)) == -1) {
1357 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1358 			    "bpf_load: could not load driver: %s",
1359 			    strerror(errno));
1360 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
1361 		}
1362 	}
1363 
1364 	/* Configure the driver */
1365 	cfg_km.cmd = CFG_INIT;
1366 	cfg_km.kmid = cfg_ld.kmid;
1367 	cfg_km.mdilen = sizeof(cfg_bpf);
1368 	cfg_km.mdiptr = (void *)&cfg_bpf;
1369 	for (i = 0; i < BPF_MINORS; i++) {
1370 		cfg_bpf.devno = domakedev(major, i);
1371 		if (sysconfig(SYS_CFGKMOD, (void *)&cfg_km, sizeof(cfg_km)) == -1) {
1372 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1373 			    "bpf_load: could not configure driver: %s",
1374 			    strerror(errno));
1375 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
1376 		}
1377 	}
1378 
1379 	bpfloadedflag = 1;
1380 
1381 	return (0);
1382 }
1383 #endif
1384 
1385 /*
1386  * Undo any operations done when opening the device when necessary.
1387  */
1388 static void
pcap_cleanup_bpf(pcap_t * p)1389 pcap_cleanup_bpf(pcap_t *p)
1390 {
1391 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
1392 #ifdef HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211
1393 	int sock;
1394 	struct ifmediareq req;
1395 	struct ifreq ifr;
1396 #endif
1397 
1398 	if (pb->must_do_on_close != 0) {
1399 		/*
1400 		 * There's something we have to do when closing this
1401 		 * pcap_t.
1402 		 */
1403 #ifdef HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211
1404 		if (pb->must_do_on_close & MUST_CLEAR_RFMON) {
1405 			/*
1406 			 * We put the interface into rfmon mode;
1407 			 * take it out of rfmon mode.
1408 			 *
1409 			 * XXX - if somebody else wants it in rfmon
1410 			 * mode, this code cannot know that, so it'll take
1411 			 * it out of rfmon mode.
1412 			 */
1413 			sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
1414 			if (sock == -1) {
1415 				fprintf(stderr,
1416 				    "Can't restore interface flags (socket() failed: %s).\n"
1417 				    "Please adjust manually.\n",
1418 				    strerror(errno));
1419 			} else {
1420 				memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
1421 				strncpy(req.ifm_name, pb->device,
1422 				    sizeof(req.ifm_name));
1423 				if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFMEDIA, &req) < 0) {
1424 					fprintf(stderr,
1425 					    "Can't restore interface flags (SIOCGIFMEDIA failed: %s).\n"
1426 					    "Please adjust manually.\n",
1427 					    strerror(errno));
1428 				} else {
1429 					if (req.ifm_current & IFM_IEEE80211_MONITOR) {
1430 						/*
1431 						 * Rfmon mode is currently on;
1432 						 * turn it off.
1433 						 */
1434 						memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
1435 						(void)strncpy(ifr.ifr_name,
1436 						    pb->device,
1437 						    sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
1438 						ifr.ifr_media =
1439 						    req.ifm_current & ~IFM_IEEE80211_MONITOR;
1440 						if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFMEDIA,
1441 						    &ifr) == -1) {
1442 							fprintf(stderr,
1443 							    "Can't restore interface flags (SIOCSIFMEDIA failed: %s).\n"
1444 							    "Please adjust manually.\n",
1445 							    strerror(errno));
1446 						}
1447 					}
1448 				}
1449 				close(sock);
1450 			}
1451 		}
1452 #endif /* HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211 */
1453 
1454 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(SIOCIFCREATE2)
1455 		/*
1456 		 * Attempt to destroy the usbusN interface that we created.
1457 		 */
1458 		if (pb->must_do_on_close & MUST_DESTROY_USBUS) {
1459 			if (if_nametoindex(pb->device) > 0) {
1460 				int s;
1461 
1462 				s = socket(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
1463 				if (s >= 0) {
1464 					strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, pb->device,
1465 					    sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
1466 					ioctl(s, SIOCIFDESTROY, &ifr);
1467 					close(s);
1468 				}
1469 			}
1470 		}
1471 #endif /* defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(SIOCIFCREATE2) */
1472 		/*
1473 		 * Take this pcap out of the list of pcaps for which we
1474 		 * have to take the interface out of some mode.
1475 		 */
1476 		pcap_remove_from_pcaps_to_close(p);
1477 		pb->must_do_on_close = 0;
1478 	}
1479 
1480 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
1481 	if (pb->zerocopy) {
1482 		/*
1483 		 * Delete the mappings.  Note that p->buffer gets
1484 		 * initialized to one of the mmapped regions in
1485 		 * this case, so do not try and free it directly;
1486 		 * null it out so that pcap_cleanup_live_common()
1487 		 * doesn't try to free it.
1488 		 */
1489 		if (pb->zbuf1 != MAP_FAILED && pb->zbuf1 != NULL)
1490 			(void) munmap(pb->zbuf1, pb->zbufsize);
1491 		if (pb->zbuf2 != MAP_FAILED && pb->zbuf2 != NULL)
1492 			(void) munmap(pb->zbuf2, pb->zbufsize);
1493 		p->buffer = NULL;
1494 	}
1495 #endif
1496 	if (pb->device != NULL) {
1497 		free(pb->device);
1498 		pb->device = NULL;
1499 	}
1500 	pcap_cleanup_live_common(p);
1501 }
1502 
1503 static int
check_setif_failure(pcap_t * p,int error)1504 check_setif_failure(pcap_t *p, int error)
1505 {
1506 #ifdef __APPLE__
1507 	int fd;
1508 	struct ifreq ifr;
1509 	int err;
1510 #endif
1511 
1512 	if (error == ENXIO) {
1513 		/*
1514 		 * No such device exists.
1515 		 */
1516 #ifdef __APPLE__
1517 		if (p->opt.rfmon && strncmp(p->opt.device, "wlt", 3) == 0) {
1518 			/*
1519 			 * Monitor mode was requested, and we're trying
1520 			 * to open a "wltN" device.  Assume that this
1521 			 * is 10.4 and that we were asked to open an
1522 			 * "enN" device; if that device exists, return
1523 			 * "monitor mode not supported on the device".
1524 			 */
1525 			fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
1526 			if (fd != -1) {
1527 				strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, "en",
1528 				    sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
1529 				strlcat(ifr.ifr_name, p->opt.device + 3,
1530 				    sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
1531 				if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, (char *)&ifr) < 0) {
1532 					/*
1533 					 * We assume this failed because
1534 					 * the underlying device doesn't
1535 					 * exist.
1536 					 */
1537 					err = PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE;
1538 					pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1539 					    "SIOCGIFFLAGS on %s failed: %s",
1540 					    ifr.ifr_name, pcap_strerror(errno));
1541 				} else {
1542 					/*
1543 					 * The underlying "enN" device
1544 					 * exists, but there's no
1545 					 * corresponding "wltN" device;
1546 					 * that means that the "enN"
1547 					 * device doesn't support
1548 					 * monitor mode, probably because
1549 					 * it's an Ethernet device rather
1550 					 * than a wireless device.
1551 					 */
1552 					err = PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP;
1553 				}
1554 				close(fd);
1555 			} else {
1556 				/*
1557 				 * We can't find out whether there's
1558 				 * an underlying "enN" device, so
1559 				 * just report "no such device".
1560 				 */
1561 				err = PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE;
1562 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1563 				    "socket() failed: %s",
1564 				    pcap_strerror(errno));
1565 			}
1566 			return (err);
1567 		}
1568 #endif
1569 		/*
1570 		 * No such device.
1571 		 */
1572 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCSETIF failed: %s",
1573 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
1574 		return (PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE);
1575 	} else if (errno == ENETDOWN) {
1576 		/*
1577 		 * Return a "network down" indication, so that
1578 		 * the application can report that rather than
1579 		 * saying we had a mysterious failure and
1580 		 * suggest that they report a problem to the
1581 		 * libpcap developers.
1582 		 */
1583 		return (PCAP_ERROR_IFACE_NOT_UP);
1584 	} else {
1585 		/*
1586 		 * Some other error; fill in the error string, and
1587 		 * return PCAP_ERROR.
1588 		 */
1589 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCSETIF: %s: %s",
1590 		    p->opt.device, pcap_strerror(errno));
1591 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1592 	}
1593 }
1594 
1595 /*
1596  * Default capture buffer size.
1597  * 32K isn't very much for modern machines with fast networks; we
1598  * pick .5M, as that's the maximum on at least some systems with BPF.
1599  *
1600  * However, on AIX 3.5, the larger buffer sized caused unrecoverable
1601  * read failures under stress, so we leave it as 32K; yet another
1602  * place where AIX's BPF is broken.
1603  */
1604 #ifdef _AIX
1605 #define DEFAULT_BUFSIZE	32768
1606 #else
1607 #define DEFAULT_BUFSIZE	524288
1608 #endif
1609 
1610 static int
pcap_activate_bpf(pcap_t * p)1611 pcap_activate_bpf(pcap_t *p)
1612 {
1613 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
1614 	int status = 0;
1615 #ifdef HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211
1616 	int retv;
1617 #endif
1618 	int fd;
1619 #ifdef LIFNAMSIZ
1620 	char *zonesep;
1621 	struct lifreq ifr;
1622 	char *ifrname = ifr.lifr_name;
1623 	const size_t ifnamsiz = sizeof(ifr.lifr_name);
1624 #else
1625 	struct ifreq ifr;
1626 	char *ifrname = ifr.ifr_name;
1627 	const size_t ifnamsiz = sizeof(ifr.ifr_name);
1628 #endif
1629 	struct bpf_version bv;
1630 #ifdef __APPLE__
1631 	int sockfd;
1632 	char *wltdev = NULL;
1633 #endif
1634 #ifdef BIOCGDLTLIST
1635 	struct bpf_dltlist bdl;
1636 #if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211)
1637 	int new_dlt;
1638 #endif
1639 #endif /* BIOCGDLTLIST */
1640 #if defined(BIOCGHDRCMPLT) && defined(BIOCSHDRCMPLT)
1641 	u_int spoof_eth_src = 1;
1642 #endif
1643 	u_int v;
1644 	struct bpf_insn total_insn;
1645 	struct bpf_program total_prog;
1646 	struct utsname osinfo;
1647 	int have_osinfo = 0;
1648 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
1649 	struct bpf_zbuf bz;
1650 	u_int bufmode, zbufmax;
1651 #endif
1652 
1653 	fd = bpf_open(p->errbuf);
1654 	if (fd < 0) {
1655 		status = fd;
1656 		goto bad;
1657 	}
1658 
1659 	p->fd = fd;
1660 
1661 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCVERSION, (caddr_t)&bv) < 0) {
1662 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCVERSION: %s",
1663 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
1664 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
1665 		goto bad;
1666 	}
1667 	if (bv.bv_major != BPF_MAJOR_VERSION ||
1668 	    bv.bv_minor < BPF_MINOR_VERSION) {
1669 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1670 		    "kernel bpf filter out of date");
1671 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
1672 		goto bad;
1673 	}
1674 
1675 #if defined(LIFNAMSIZ) && defined(ZONENAME_MAX) && defined(lifr_zoneid)
1676 	/*
1677 	 * Retrieve the zoneid of the zone we are currently executing in.
1678 	 */
1679 	if ((ifr.lifr_zoneid = getzoneid()) == -1) {
1680 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "getzoneid(): %s",
1681 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
1682 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
1683 		goto bad;
1684 	}
1685 	/*
1686 	 * Check if the given source datalink name has a '/' separated
1687 	 * zonename prefix string.  The zonename prefixed source datalink can
1688 	 * be used by pcap consumers in the Solaris global zone to capture
1689 	 * traffic on datalinks in non-global zones.  Non-global zones
1690 	 * do not have access to datalinks outside of their own namespace.
1691 	 */
1692 	if ((zonesep = strchr(p->opt.device, '/')) != NULL) {
1693 		char path_zname[ZONENAME_MAX];
1694 		int  znamelen;
1695 		char *lnamep;
1696 
1697 		if (ifr.lifr_zoneid != GLOBAL_ZONEID) {
1698 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1699 			    "zonename/linkname only valid in global zone.");
1700 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
1701 			goto bad;
1702 		}
1703 		znamelen = zonesep - p->opt.device;
1704 		(void) strlcpy(path_zname, p->opt.device, znamelen + 1);
1705 		ifr.lifr_zoneid = getzoneidbyname(path_zname);
1706 		if (ifr.lifr_zoneid == -1) {
1707 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1708 			    "getzoneidbyname(%s): %s", path_zname,
1709 			pcap_strerror(errno));
1710 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
1711 			goto bad;
1712 		}
1713 		lnamep = strdup(zonesep + 1);
1714 		if (lnamep == NULL) {
1715 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "strdup: %s",
1716 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
1717 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
1718 			goto bad;
1719 		}
1720 		free(p->opt.device);
1721 		p->opt.device = lnamep;
1722 	}
1723 #endif
1724 
1725 	pb->device = strdup(p->opt.device);
1726 	if (pb->device == NULL) {
1727 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "strdup: %s",
1728 		     pcap_strerror(errno));
1729 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
1730 		goto bad;
1731 	}
1732 
1733 	/*
1734 	 * Attempt to find out the version of the OS on which we're running.
1735 	 */
1736 	if (uname(&osinfo) == 0)
1737 		have_osinfo = 1;
1738 
1739 #ifdef __APPLE__
1740 	/*
1741 	 * See comment in pcap_can_set_rfmon_bpf() for an explanation
1742 	 * of why we check the version number.
1743 	 */
1744 	if (p->opt.rfmon) {
1745 		if (have_osinfo) {
1746 			/*
1747 			 * We assume osinfo.sysname is "Darwin", because
1748 			 * __APPLE__ is defined.  We just check the version.
1749 			 */
1750 			if (osinfo.release[0] < '8' &&
1751 			    osinfo.release[1] == '.') {
1752 				/*
1753 				 * 10.3 (Darwin 7.x) or earlier.
1754 				 */
1755 				status = PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP;
1756 				goto bad;
1757 			}
1758 			if (osinfo.release[0] == '8' &&
1759 			    osinfo.release[1] == '.') {
1760 				/*
1761 				 * 10.4 (Darwin 8.x).  s/en/wlt/
1762 				 */
1763 				if (strncmp(p->opt.device, "en", 2) != 0) {
1764 					/*
1765 					 * Not an enN device; check
1766 					 * whether the device even exists.
1767 					 */
1768 					sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
1769 					if (sockfd != -1) {
1770 						strlcpy(ifrname,
1771 						    p->opt.device, ifnamsiz);
1772 						if (ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFFLAGS,
1773 						    (char *)&ifr) < 0) {
1774 							/*
1775 							 * We assume this
1776 							 * failed because
1777 							 * the underlying
1778 							 * device doesn't
1779 							 * exist.
1780 							 */
1781 							status = PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE;
1782 							pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf,
1783 							    PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1784 							    "SIOCGIFFLAGS failed: %s",
1785 							    pcap_strerror(errno));
1786 						} else
1787 							status = PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP;
1788 						close(sockfd);
1789 					} else {
1790 						/*
1791 						 * We can't find out whether
1792 						 * the device exists, so just
1793 						 * report "no such device".
1794 						 */
1795 						status = PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE;
1796 						pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf,
1797 						    PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1798 						    "socket() failed: %s",
1799 						    pcap_strerror(errno));
1800 					}
1801 					goto bad;
1802 				}
1803 				wltdev = malloc(strlen(p->opt.device) + 2);
1804 				if (wltdev == NULL) {
1805 					(void)pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf,
1806 					    PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "malloc: %s",
1807 					    pcap_strerror(errno));
1808 					status = PCAP_ERROR;
1809 					goto bad;
1810 				}
1811 				strcpy(wltdev, "wlt");
1812 				strcat(wltdev, p->opt.device + 2);
1813 				free(p->opt.device);
1814 				p->opt.device = wltdev;
1815 			}
1816 			/*
1817 			 * Everything else is 10.5 or later; for those,
1818 			 * we just open the enN device, and set the DLT.
1819 			 */
1820 		}
1821 	}
1822 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
1823 
1824 	/*
1825 	 * If this is FreeBSD, and the device name begins with "usbus",
1826 	 * try to create the interface if it's not available.
1827 	 */
1828 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(SIOCIFCREATE2)
1829 	if (strncmp(p->opt.device, usbus_prefix, USBUS_PREFIX_LEN) == 0) {
1830 		/*
1831 		 * Do we already have an interface with that name?
1832 		 */
1833 		if (if_nametoindex(p->opt.device) == 0) {
1834 			/*
1835 			 * No.  We need to create it, and, if we
1836 			 * succeed, remember that we should destroy
1837 			 * it when the pcap_t is closed.
1838 			 */
1839 			int s;
1840 
1841 			/*
1842 			 * Open a socket to use for ioctls to
1843 			 * create the interface.
1844 			 */
1845 			s = socket(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
1846 			if (s < 0) {
1847 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1848 				    "Can't open socket: %s",
1849 				    pcap_strerror(errno));
1850 				status = PCAP_ERROR;
1851 				goto bad;
1852 			}
1853 
1854 			/*
1855 			 * If we haven't already done so, arrange to have
1856 			 * "pcap_close_all()" called when we exit.
1857 			 */
1858 			if (!pcap_do_addexit(p)) {
1859 				/*
1860 				 * "atexit()" failed; don't create the
1861 				 * interface, just give up.
1862 				 */
1863 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1864 				     "atexit failed");
1865 				close(s);
1866 				status = PCAP_ERROR;
1867 				goto bad;
1868 			}
1869 
1870 			/*
1871 			 * Create the interface.
1872 			 */
1873 			strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, p->opt.device, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
1874 			if (ioctl(s, SIOCIFCREATE2, &ifr) < 0) {
1875 				if (errno == EINVAL) {
1876 					pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1877 					    "Invalid USB bus interface %s",
1878 					    p->opt.device);
1879 				} else {
1880 					pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1881 					    "Can't create interface for %s: %s",
1882 					    p->opt.device, pcap_strerror(errno));
1883 				}
1884 				close(s);
1885 				status = PCAP_ERROR;
1886 				goto bad;
1887 			}
1888 
1889 			/*
1890 			 * Make sure we clean this up when we close.
1891 			 */
1892 			pb->must_do_on_close |= MUST_DESTROY_USBUS;
1893 
1894 			/*
1895 			 * Add this to the list of pcaps to close when we exit.
1896 			 */
1897 			pcap_add_to_pcaps_to_close(p);
1898 		}
1899 	}
1900 #endif /* defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(SIOCIFCREATE2) */
1901 
1902 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
1903 	/*
1904 	 * If the BPF extension to set buffer mode is present, try setting
1905 	 * the mode to zero-copy.  If that fails, use regular buffering.  If
1906 	 * it succeeds but other setup fails, return an error to the user.
1907 	 */
1908 	bufmode = BPF_BUFMODE_ZBUF;
1909 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETBUFMODE, (caddr_t)&bufmode) == 0) {
1910 		/*
1911 		 * We have zerocopy BPF; use it.
1912 		 */
1913 		pb->zerocopy = 1;
1914 
1915 		/*
1916 		 * How to pick a buffer size: first, query the maximum buffer
1917 		 * size supported by zero-copy.  This also lets us quickly
1918 		 * determine whether the kernel generally supports zero-copy.
1919 		 * Then, if a buffer size was specified, use that, otherwise
1920 		 * query the default buffer size, which reflects kernel
1921 		 * policy for a desired default.  Round to the nearest page
1922 		 * size.
1923 		 */
1924 		if (ioctl(fd, BIOCGETZMAX, (caddr_t)&zbufmax) < 0) {
1925 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCGETZMAX: %s",
1926 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
1927 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
1928 			goto bad;
1929 		}
1930 
1931 		if (p->opt.buffer_size != 0) {
1932 			/*
1933 			 * A buffer size was explicitly specified; use it.
1934 			 */
1935 			v = p->opt.buffer_size;
1936 		} else {
1937 			if ((ioctl(fd, BIOCGBLEN, (caddr_t)&v) < 0) ||
1938 			    v < DEFAULT_BUFSIZE)
1939 				v = DEFAULT_BUFSIZE;
1940 		}
1941 #ifndef roundup
1942 #define roundup(x, y)   ((((x)+((y)-1))/(y))*(y))  /* to any y */
1943 #endif
1944 		pb->zbufsize = roundup(v, getpagesize());
1945 		if (pb->zbufsize > zbufmax)
1946 			pb->zbufsize = zbufmax;
1947 		pb->zbuf1 = mmap(NULL, pb->zbufsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
1948 		    MAP_ANON, -1, 0);
1949 		pb->zbuf2 = mmap(NULL, pb->zbufsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
1950 		    MAP_ANON, -1, 0);
1951 		if (pb->zbuf1 == MAP_FAILED || pb->zbuf2 == MAP_FAILED) {
1952 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "mmap: %s",
1953 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
1954 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
1955 			goto bad;
1956 		}
1957 		memset(&bz, 0, sizeof(bz)); /* bzero() deprecated, replaced with memset() */
1958 		bz.bz_bufa = pb->zbuf1;
1959 		bz.bz_bufb = pb->zbuf2;
1960 		bz.bz_buflen = pb->zbufsize;
1961 		if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETZBUF, (caddr_t)&bz) < 0) {
1962 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCSETZBUF: %s",
1963 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
1964 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
1965 			goto bad;
1966 		}
1967 		(void)strncpy(ifrname, p->opt.device, ifnamsiz);
1968 		if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETIF, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0) {
1969 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCSETIF: %s: %s",
1970 			    p->opt.device, pcap_strerror(errno));
1971 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
1972 			goto bad;
1973 		}
1974 		v = pb->zbufsize - sizeof(struct bpf_zbuf_header);
1975 	} else
1976 #endif
1977 	{
1978 		/*
1979 		 * We don't have zerocopy BPF.
1980 		 * Set the buffer size.
1981 		 */
1982 		if (p->opt.buffer_size != 0) {
1983 			/*
1984 			 * A buffer size was explicitly specified; use it.
1985 			 */
1986 			if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSBLEN,
1987 			    (caddr_t)&p->opt.buffer_size) < 0) {
1988 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1989 				    "BIOCSBLEN: %s: %s", p->opt.device,
1990 				    pcap_strerror(errno));
1991 				status = PCAP_ERROR;
1992 				goto bad;
1993 			}
1994 
1995 			/*
1996 			 * Now bind to the device.
1997 			 */
1998 			(void)strncpy(ifrname, p->opt.device, ifnamsiz);
1999 #ifdef BIOCSETLIF
2000 			if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETLIF, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0)
2001 #else
2002 			if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETIF, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0)
2003 #endif
2004 			{
2005 				status = check_setif_failure(p, errno);
2006 				goto bad;
2007 			}
2008 		} else {
2009 			/*
2010 			 * No buffer size was explicitly specified.
2011 			 *
2012 			 * Try finding a good size for the buffer;
2013 			 * DEFAULT_BUFSIZE may be too big, so keep
2014 			 * cutting it in half until we find a size
2015 			 * that works, or run out of sizes to try.
2016 			 * If the default is larger, don't make it smaller.
2017 			 */
2018 			if ((ioctl(fd, BIOCGBLEN, (caddr_t)&v) < 0) ||
2019 			    v < DEFAULT_BUFSIZE)
2020 				v = DEFAULT_BUFSIZE;
2021 			for ( ; v != 0; v >>= 1) {
2022 				/*
2023 				 * Ignore the return value - this is because the
2024 				 * call fails on BPF systems that don't have
2025 				 * kernel malloc.  And if the call fails, it's
2026 				 * no big deal, we just continue to use the
2027 				 * standard buffer size.
2028 				 */
2029 				(void) ioctl(fd, BIOCSBLEN, (caddr_t)&v);
2030 
2031 				(void)strncpy(ifrname, p->opt.device, ifnamsiz);
2032 #ifdef BIOCSETLIF
2033 				if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETLIF, (caddr_t)&ifr) >= 0)
2034 #else
2035 				if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETIF, (caddr_t)&ifr) >= 0)
2036 #endif
2037 					break;	/* that size worked; we're done */
2038 
2039 				if (errno != ENOBUFS) {
2040 					status = check_setif_failure(p, errno);
2041 					goto bad;
2042 				}
2043 			}
2044 
2045 			if (v == 0) {
2046 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2047 				    "BIOCSBLEN: %s: No buffer size worked",
2048 				    p->opt.device);
2049 				status = PCAP_ERROR;
2050 				goto bad;
2051 			}
2052 		}
2053 	}
2054 
2055 	/* Get the data link layer type. */
2056 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCGDLT, (caddr_t)&v) < 0) {
2057 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCGDLT: %s",
2058 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2059 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2060 		goto bad;
2061 	}
2062 
2063 #ifdef _AIX
2064 	/*
2065 	 * AIX's BPF returns IFF_ types, not DLT_ types, in BIOCGDLT.
2066 	 */
2067 	switch (v) {
2068 
2069 	case IFT_ETHER:
2070 	case IFT_ISO88023:
2071 		v = DLT_EN10MB;
2072 		break;
2073 
2074 	case IFT_FDDI:
2075 		v = DLT_FDDI;
2076 		break;
2077 
2078 	case IFT_ISO88025:
2079 		v = DLT_IEEE802;
2080 		break;
2081 
2082 	case IFT_LOOP:
2083 		v = DLT_NULL;
2084 		break;
2085 
2086 	default:
2087 		/*
2088 		 * We don't know what to map this to yet.
2089 		 */
2090 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "unknown interface type %u",
2091 		    v);
2092 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2093 		goto bad;
2094 	}
2095 #endif
2096 #if _BSDI_VERSION - 0 >= 199510
2097 	/* The SLIP and PPP link layer header changed in BSD/OS 2.1 */
2098 	switch (v) {
2099 
2100 	case DLT_SLIP:
2101 		v = DLT_SLIP_BSDOS;
2102 		break;
2103 
2104 	case DLT_PPP:
2105 		v = DLT_PPP_BSDOS;
2106 		break;
2107 
2108 	case 11:	/*DLT_FR*/
2109 		v = DLT_FRELAY;
2110 		break;
2111 
2112 	case 12:	/*DLT_C_HDLC*/
2113 		v = DLT_CHDLC;
2114 		break;
2115 	}
2116 #endif
2117 
2118 #ifdef BIOCGDLTLIST
2119 	/*
2120 	 * We know the default link type -- now determine all the DLTs
2121 	 * this interface supports.  If this fails with EINVAL, it's
2122 	 * not fatal; we just don't get to use the feature later.
2123 	 */
2124 	if (get_dlt_list(fd, v, &bdl, p->errbuf) == -1) {
2125 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2126 		goto bad;
2127 	}
2128 	p->dlt_count = bdl.bfl_len;
2129 	p->dlt_list = bdl.bfl_list;
2130 
2131 #ifdef __APPLE__
2132 	/*
2133 	 * Monitor mode fun, continued.
2134 	 *
2135 	 * For 10.5 and, we're assuming, later releases, as noted above,
2136 	 * 802.1 adapters that support monitor mode offer both DLT_EN10MB,
2137 	 * DLT_IEEE802_11, and possibly some 802.11-plus-radio-information
2138 	 * DLT_ value.  Choosing one of the 802.11 DLT_ values will turn
2139 	 * monitor mode on.
2140 	 *
2141 	 * Therefore, if the user asked for monitor mode, we filter out
2142 	 * the DLT_EN10MB value, as you can't get that in monitor mode,
2143 	 * and, if the user didn't ask for monitor mode, we filter out
2144 	 * the 802.11 DLT_ values, because selecting those will turn
2145 	 * monitor mode on.  Then, for monitor mode, if an 802.11-plus-
2146 	 * radio DLT_ value is offered, we try to select that, otherwise
2147 	 * we try to select DLT_IEEE802_11.
2148 	 */
2149 	if (have_osinfo) {
2150 		if (isdigit((unsigned)osinfo.release[0]) &&
2151 		     (osinfo.release[0] == '9' ||
2152 		     isdigit((unsigned)osinfo.release[1]))) {
2153 			/*
2154 			 * 10.5 (Darwin 9.x), or later.
2155 			 */
2156 			new_dlt = find_802_11(&bdl);
2157 			if (new_dlt != -1) {
2158 				/*
2159 				 * We have at least one 802.11 DLT_ value,
2160 				 * so this is an 802.11 interface.
2161 				 * new_dlt is the best of the 802.11
2162 				 * DLT_ values in the list.
2163 				 */
2164 				if (p->opt.rfmon) {
2165 					/*
2166 					 * Our caller wants monitor mode.
2167 					 * Purge DLT_EN10MB from the list
2168 					 * of link-layer types, as selecting
2169 					 * it will keep monitor mode off.
2170 					 */
2171 					remove_en(p);
2172 
2173 					/*
2174 					 * If the new mode we want isn't
2175 					 * the default mode, attempt to
2176 					 * select the new mode.
2177 					 */
2178 					if ((u_int)new_dlt != v) {
2179 						if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSDLT,
2180 						    &new_dlt) != -1) {
2181 							/*
2182 							 * We succeeded;
2183 							 * make this the
2184 							 * new DLT_ value.
2185 							 */
2186 							v = new_dlt;
2187 						}
2188 					}
2189 				} else {
2190 					/*
2191 					 * Our caller doesn't want
2192 					 * monitor mode.  Unless this
2193 					 * is being done by pcap_open_live(),
2194 					 * purge the 802.11 link-layer types
2195 					 * from the list, as selecting
2196 					 * one of them will turn monitor
2197 					 * mode on.
2198 					 */
2199 					if (!p->oldstyle)
2200 						remove_802_11(p);
2201 				}
2202 			} else {
2203 				if (p->opt.rfmon) {
2204 					/*
2205 					 * The caller requested monitor
2206 					 * mode, but we have no 802.11
2207 					 * link-layer types, so they
2208 					 * can't have it.
2209 					 */
2210 					status = PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP;
2211 					goto bad;
2212 				}
2213 			}
2214 		}
2215 	}
2216 #elif defined(HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211)
2217 	/*
2218 	 * *BSD with the new 802.11 ioctls.
2219 	 * Do we want monitor mode?
2220 	 */
2221 	if (p->opt.rfmon) {
2222 		/*
2223 		 * Try to put the interface into monitor mode.
2224 		 */
2225 		retv = monitor_mode(p, 1);
2226 		if (retv != 0) {
2227 			/*
2228 			 * We failed.
2229 			 */
2230 			status = retv;
2231 			goto bad;
2232 		}
2233 
2234 		/*
2235 		 * We're in monitor mode.
2236 		 * Try to find the best 802.11 DLT_ value and, if we
2237 		 * succeed, try to switch to that mode if we're not
2238 		 * already in that mode.
2239 		 */
2240 		new_dlt = find_802_11(&bdl);
2241 		if (new_dlt != -1) {
2242 			/*
2243 			 * We have at least one 802.11 DLT_ value.
2244 			 * new_dlt is the best of the 802.11
2245 			 * DLT_ values in the list.
2246 			 *
2247 			 * If the new mode we want isn't the default mode,
2248 			 * attempt to select the new mode.
2249 			 */
2250 			if ((u_int)new_dlt != v) {
2251 				if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSDLT, &new_dlt) != -1) {
2252 					/*
2253 					 * We succeeded; make this the
2254 					 * new DLT_ value.
2255 					 */
2256 					v = new_dlt;
2257 				}
2258 			}
2259 		}
2260 	}
2261 #endif /* various platforms */
2262 #endif /* BIOCGDLTLIST */
2263 
2264 	/*
2265 	 * If this is an Ethernet device, and we don't have a DLT_ list,
2266 	 * give it a list with DLT_EN10MB and DLT_DOCSIS.  (That'd give
2267 	 * 802.11 interfaces DLT_DOCSIS, which isn't the right thing to
2268 	 * do, but there's not much we can do about that without finding
2269 	 * some other way of determining whether it's an Ethernet or 802.11
2270 	 * device.)
2271 	 */
2272 	if (v == DLT_EN10MB && p->dlt_count == 0) {
2273 		p->dlt_list = (u_int *) malloc(sizeof(u_int) * 2);
2274 		/*
2275 		 * If that fails, just leave the list empty.
2276 		 */
2277 		if (p->dlt_list != NULL) {
2278 			p->dlt_list[0] = DLT_EN10MB;
2279 			p->dlt_list[1] = DLT_DOCSIS;
2280 			p->dlt_count = 2;
2281 		}
2282 	}
2283 #ifdef PCAP_FDDIPAD
2284 	if (v == DLT_FDDI)
2285 		p->fddipad = PCAP_FDDIPAD;
2286 	else
2287 #endif
2288 		p->fddipad = 0;
2289 	p->linktype = v;
2290 
2291 #if defined(BIOCGHDRCMPLT) && defined(BIOCSHDRCMPLT)
2292 	/*
2293 	 * Do a BIOCSHDRCMPLT, if defined, to turn that flag on, so
2294 	 * the link-layer source address isn't forcibly overwritten.
2295 	 * (Should we ignore errors?  Should we do this only if
2296 	 * we're open for writing?)
2297 	 *
2298 	 * XXX - I seem to remember some packet-sending bug in some
2299 	 * BSDs - check CVS log for "bpf.c"?
2300 	 */
2301 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSHDRCMPLT, &spoof_eth_src) == -1) {
2302 		(void)pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2303 		    "BIOCSHDRCMPLT: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
2304 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2305 		goto bad;
2306 	}
2307 #endif
2308 	/* set timeout */
2309 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
2310 	/*
2311 	 * In zero-copy mode, we just use the timeout in select().
2312 	 * XXX - what if we're in non-blocking mode and the *application*
2313 	 * is using select() or poll() or kqueues or....?
2314 	 */
2315 	if (p->opt.timeout && !pb->zerocopy) {
2316 #else
2317 	if (p->opt.timeout) {
2318 #endif
2319 		/*
2320 		 * XXX - is this seconds/nanoseconds in AIX?
2321 		 * (Treating it as such doesn't fix the timeout
2322 		 * problem described below.)
2323 		 *
2324 		 * XXX - Mac OS X 10.6 mishandles BIOCSRTIMEOUT in
2325 		 * 64-bit userland - it takes, as an argument, a
2326 		 * "struct BPF_TIMEVAL", which has 32-bit tv_sec
2327 		 * and tv_usec, rather than a "struct timeval".
2328 		 *
2329 		 * If this platform defines "struct BPF_TIMEVAL",
2330 		 * we check whether the structure size in BIOCSRTIMEOUT
2331 		 * is that of a "struct timeval" and, if not, we use
2332 		 * a "struct BPF_TIMEVAL" rather than a "struct timeval".
2333 		 * (That way, if the bug is fixed in a future release,
2334 		 * we will still do the right thing.)
2335 		 */
2336 		struct timeval to;
2337 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_BPF_TIMEVAL
2338 		struct BPF_TIMEVAL bpf_to;
2339 
2340 		if (IOCPARM_LEN(BIOCSRTIMEOUT) != sizeof(struct timeval)) {
2341 			bpf_to.tv_sec = p->opt.timeout / 1000;
2342 			bpf_to.tv_usec = (p->opt.timeout * 1000) % 1000000;
2343 			if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSRTIMEOUT, (caddr_t)&bpf_to) < 0) {
2344 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2345 				    "BIOCSRTIMEOUT: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
2346 				status = PCAP_ERROR;
2347 				goto bad;
2348 			}
2349 		} else {
2350 #endif
2351 			to.tv_sec = p->opt.timeout / 1000;
2352 			to.tv_usec = (p->opt.timeout * 1000) % 1000000;
2353 			if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSRTIMEOUT, (caddr_t)&to) < 0) {
2354 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2355 				    "BIOCSRTIMEOUT: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
2356 				status = PCAP_ERROR;
2357 				goto bad;
2358 			}
2359 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_BPF_TIMEVAL
2360 		}
2361 #endif
2362 	}
2363 
2364 #ifdef	BIOCIMMEDIATE
2365 	/*
2366 	 * Darren Reed notes that
2367 	 *
2368 	 *	On AIX (4.2 at least), if BIOCIMMEDIATE is not set, the
2369 	 *	timeout appears to be ignored and it waits until the buffer
2370 	 *	is filled before returning.  The result of not having it
2371 	 *	set is almost worse than useless if your BPF filter
2372 	 *	is reducing things to only a few packets (i.e. one every
2373 	 *	second or so).
2374 	 *
2375 	 * so we always turn BIOCIMMEDIATE mode on if this is AIX.
2376 	 *
2377 	 * For other platforms, we don't turn immediate mode on by default,
2378 	 * as that would mean we get woken up for every packet, which
2379 	 * probably isn't what you want for a packet sniffer.
2380 	 *
2381 	 * We set immediate mode if the caller requested it by calling
2382 	 * pcap_set_immediate() before calling pcap_activate().
2383 	 */
2384 #ifndef _AIX
2385 	if (p->opt.immediate) {
2386 #endif /* _AIX */
2387 		v = 1;
2388 		if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCIMMEDIATE, &v) < 0) {
2389 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2390 			    "BIOCIMMEDIATE: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
2391 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
2392 			goto bad;
2393 		}
2394 #ifndef _AIX
2395 	}
2396 #endif /* _AIX */
2397 #else /* BIOCIMMEDIATE */
2398 	if (p->opt.immediate) {
2399 		/*
2400 		 * We don't support immediate mode.  Fail.
2401 		 */
2402 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Immediate mode not supported");
2403 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2404 		goto bad;
2405 	}
2406 #endif /* BIOCIMMEDIATE */
2407 
2408 	if (p->opt.promisc) {
2409 		/* set promiscuous mode, just warn if it fails */
2410 		if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCPROMISC, NULL) < 0) {
2411 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCPROMISC: %s",
2412 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
2413 			status = PCAP_WARNING_PROMISC_NOTSUP;
2414 		}
2415 	}
2416 
2417 #ifdef BIOCSTSTAMP
2418 	v = BPF_T_BINTIME;
2419 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSTSTAMP, &v) < 0) {
2420 		snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCSTSTAMP: %s",
2421 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2422 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2423 		goto bad;
2424 	}
2425 #endif /* BIOCSTSTAMP */
2426 
2427 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCGBLEN, (caddr_t)&v) < 0) {
2428 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCGBLEN: %s",
2429 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2430 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2431 		goto bad;
2432 	}
2433 	p->bufsize = v;
2434 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
2435 	if (!pb->zerocopy) {
2436 #endif
2437 	p->buffer = malloc(p->bufsize);
2438 	if (p->buffer == NULL) {
2439 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "malloc: %s",
2440 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2441 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2442 		goto bad;
2443 	}
2444 #ifdef _AIX
2445 	/* For some strange reason this seems to prevent the EFAULT
2446 	 * problems we have experienced from AIX BPF. */
2447 	memset(p->buffer, 0x0, p->bufsize);
2448 #endif
2449 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
2450 	}
2451 #endif
2452 
2453 	/*
2454 	 * If there's no filter program installed, there's
2455 	 * no indication to the kernel of what the snapshot
2456 	 * length should be, so no snapshotting is done.
2457 	 *
2458 	 * Therefore, when we open the device, we install
2459 	 * an "accept everything" filter with the specified
2460 	 * snapshot length.
2461 	 */
2462 	total_insn.code = (u_short)(BPF_RET | BPF_K);
2463 	total_insn.jt = 0;
2464 	total_insn.jf = 0;
2465 	total_insn.k = p->snapshot;
2466 
2467 	total_prog.bf_len = 1;
2468 	total_prog.bf_insns = &total_insn;
2469 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSETF, (caddr_t)&total_prog) < 0) {
2470 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCSETF: %s",
2471 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2472 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2473 		goto bad;
2474 	}
2475 
2476 	/*
2477 	 * On most BPF platforms, either you can do a "select()" or
2478 	 * "poll()" on a BPF file descriptor and it works correctly,
2479 	 * or you can do it and it will return "readable" if the
2480 	 * hold buffer is full but not if the timeout expires *and*
2481 	 * a non-blocking read will, if the hold buffer is empty
2482 	 * but the store buffer isn't empty, rotate the buffers
2483 	 * and return what packets are available.
2484 	 *
2485 	 * In the latter case, the fact that a non-blocking read
2486 	 * will give you the available packets means you can work
2487 	 * around the failure of "select()" and "poll()" to wake up
2488 	 * and return "readable" when the timeout expires by using
2489 	 * the timeout as the "select()" or "poll()" timeout, putting
2490 	 * the BPF descriptor into non-blocking mode, and read from
2491 	 * it regardless of whether "select()" reports it as readable
2492 	 * or not.
2493 	 *
2494 	 * However, in FreeBSD 4.3 and 4.4, "select()" and "poll()"
2495 	 * won't wake up and return "readable" if the timer expires
2496 	 * and non-blocking reads return EWOULDBLOCK if the hold
2497 	 * buffer is empty, even if the store buffer is non-empty.
2498 	 *
2499 	 * This means the workaround in question won't work.
2500 	 *
2501 	 * Therefore, on FreeBSD 4.3 and 4.4, we set "p->selectable_fd"
2502 	 * to -1, which means "sorry, you can't use 'select()' or 'poll()'
2503 	 * here".  On all other BPF platforms, we set it to the FD for
2504 	 * the BPF device; in NetBSD, OpenBSD, and Darwin, a non-blocking
2505 	 * read will, if the hold buffer is empty and the store buffer
2506 	 * isn't empty, rotate the buffers and return what packets are
2507 	 * there (and in sufficiently recent versions of OpenBSD
2508 	 * "select()" and "poll()" should work correctly).
2509 	 *
2510 	 * XXX - what about AIX?
2511 	 */
2512 	p->selectable_fd = p->fd;	/* assume select() works until we know otherwise */
2513 	if (have_osinfo) {
2514 		/*
2515 		 * We can check what OS this is.
2516 		 */
2517 		if (strcmp(osinfo.sysname, "FreeBSD") == 0) {
2518 			if (strncmp(osinfo.release, "4.3-", 4) == 0 ||
2519 			     strncmp(osinfo.release, "4.4-", 4) == 0)
2520 				p->selectable_fd = -1;
2521 		}
2522 	}
2523 
2524 	p->read_op = pcap_read_bpf;
2525 	p->inject_op = pcap_inject_bpf;
2526 	p->setfilter_op = pcap_setfilter_bpf;
2527 	p->setdirection_op = pcap_setdirection_bpf;
2528 	p->set_datalink_op = pcap_set_datalink_bpf;
2529 	p->getnonblock_op = pcap_getnonblock_bpf;
2530 	p->setnonblock_op = pcap_setnonblock_bpf;
2531 	p->stats_op = pcap_stats_bpf;
2532 	p->cleanup_op = pcap_cleanup_bpf;
2533 
2534 	return (status);
2535  bad:
2536 	pcap_cleanup_bpf(p);
2537 	return (status);
2538 }
2539 
2540 /*
2541  * Not all interfaces can be bound to by BPF, so try to bind to
2542  * the specified interface; return 0 if we fail with
2543  * PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE (which means we got an ENXIO when we tried
2544  * to bind, which means this interface isn't in the list of interfaces
2545  * attached to BPF) and 1 otherwise.
2546  */
2547 static int
2548 check_bpf_bindable(const char *name)
2549 {
2550 	int fd;
2551 	char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
2552 
2553 	fd = bpf_open_and_bind(name, errbuf);
2554 	if (fd < 0) {
2555 		/*
2556 		 * Error - was it PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE?
2557 		 */
2558 		if (fd == PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE) {
2559 			/*
2560 			 * Yes, so we can't bind to this because it's
2561 			 * not something supported by BPF.
2562 			 */
2563 			return (0);
2564 		}
2565 		/*
2566 		 * No, so we don't know whether it's supported or not;
2567 		 * say it is, so that the user can at least try to
2568 		 * open it and report the error (which is probably
2569 		 * "you don't have permission to open BPF devices";
2570 		 * reporting those interfaces means users will ask
2571 		 * "why am I getting a permissions error when I try
2572 		 * to capture" rather than "why am I not seeing any
2573 		 * interfaces", making the underlying problem clearer).
2574 		 */
2575 		return (1);
2576 	}
2577 
2578 	/*
2579 	 * Success.
2580 	 */
2581 	close(fd);
2582 	return (1);
2583 }
2584 
2585 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(SIOCIFCREATE2)
2586 static int
2587 finddevs_usb(pcap_if_t **alldevsp, char *errbuf)
2588 {
2589 	DIR *usbdir;
2590 	struct dirent *usbitem;
2591 	size_t name_max;
2592 	char *name;
2593 
2594 	/*
2595 	 * We might have USB sniffing support, so try looking for USB
2596 	 * interfaces.
2597 	 *
2598 	 * We want to report a usbusN device for each USB bus, but
2599 	 * usbusN interfaces might, or might not, exist for them -
2600 	 * we create one if there isn't already one.
2601 	 *
2602 	 * So, instead, we look in /dev/usb for all buses and create
2603 	 * a "usbusN" device for each one.
2604 	 */
2605 	usbdir = opendir("/dev/usb");
2606 	if (usbdir == NULL) {
2607 		/*
2608 		 * Just punt.
2609 		 */
2610 		return (0);
2611 	}
2612 
2613 	/*
2614 	 * Leave enough room for a 32-bit (10-digit) bus number.
2615 	 * Yes, that's overkill, but we won't be using
2616 	 * the buffer very long.
2617 	 */
2618 	name_max = USBUS_PREFIX_LEN + 10 + 1;
2619 	name = malloc(name_max);
2620 	if (name == NULL) {
2621 		closedir(usbdir);
2622 		return (0);
2623 	}
2624 	while ((usbitem = readdir(usbdir)) != NULL) {
2625 		char *p;
2626 		size_t busnumlen;
2627 		int err;
2628 
2629 		if (strcmp(usbitem->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
2630 		    strcmp(usbitem->d_name, "..") == 0) {
2631 			/*
2632 			 * Ignore these.
2633 			 */
2634 			continue;
2635 		}
2636 		p = strchr(usbitem->d_name, '.');
2637 		if (p == NULL)
2638 			continue;
2639 		busnumlen = p - usbitem->d_name;
2640 		memcpy(name, usbus_prefix, USBUS_PREFIX_LEN);
2641 		memcpy(name + USBUS_PREFIX_LEN, usbitem->d_name, busnumlen);
2642 		*(name + USBUS_PREFIX_LEN + busnumlen) = '\0';
2643 		err = pcap_add_if(alldevsp, name, PCAP_IF_UP, NULL, errbuf);
2644 		if (err != 0) {
2645 			free(name);
2646 			closedir(usbdir);
2647 			return (err);
2648 		}
2649 	}
2650 	free(name);
2651 	closedir(usbdir);
2652 	return (0);
2653 }
2654 #endif
2655 
2656 int
2657 pcap_platform_finddevs(pcap_if_t **alldevsp, char *errbuf)
2658 {
2659 	/*
2660 	 * Get the list of regular interfaces first.
2661 	 */
2662 	if (pcap_findalldevs_interfaces(alldevsp, errbuf, check_bpf_bindable) == -1)
2663 		return (-1);	/* failure */
2664 
2665 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(SIOCIFCREATE2)
2666 	if (finddevs_usb(alldevsp, errbuf) == -1)
2667 		return (-1);
2668 #endif
2669 
2670 	return (0);
2671 }
2672 
2673 #ifdef HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211
2674 static int
2675 monitor_mode(pcap_t *p, int set)
2676 {
2677 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
2678 	int sock;
2679 	struct ifmediareq req;
2680 	IFM_ULIST_TYPE *media_list;
2681 	int i;
2682 	int can_do;
2683 	struct ifreq ifr;
2684 
2685 	sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
2686 	if (sock == -1) {
2687 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "can't open socket: %s",
2688 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2689 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
2690 	}
2691 
2692 	memset(&req, 0, sizeof req);
2693 	strncpy(req.ifm_name, p->opt.device, sizeof req.ifm_name);
2694 
2695 	/*
2696 	 * Find out how many media types we have.
2697 	 */
2698 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFMEDIA, &req) < 0) {
2699 		/*
2700 		 * Can't get the media types.
2701 		 */
2702 		switch (errno) {
2703 
2704 		case ENXIO:
2705 			/*
2706 			 * There's no such device.
2707 			 */
2708 			close(sock);
2709 			return (PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE);
2710 
2711 		case EINVAL:
2712 			/*
2713 			 * Interface doesn't support SIOC{G,S}IFMEDIA.
2714 			 */
2715 			close(sock);
2716 			return (PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP);
2717 
2718 		default:
2719 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2720 			    "SIOCGIFMEDIA 1: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
2721 			close(sock);
2722 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
2723 		}
2724 	}
2725 	if (req.ifm_count == 0) {
2726 		/*
2727 		 * No media types.
2728 		 */
2729 		close(sock);
2730 		return (PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP);
2731 	}
2732 
2733 	/*
2734 	 * Allocate a buffer to hold all the media types, and
2735 	 * get the media types.
2736 	 */
2737 	media_list = malloc(req.ifm_count * sizeof(*media_list));
2738 	if (media_list == NULL) {
2739 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "malloc: %s",
2740 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2741 		close(sock);
2742 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
2743 	}
2744 	req.ifm_ulist = media_list;
2745 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFMEDIA, &req) < 0) {
2746 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "SIOCGIFMEDIA: %s",
2747 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2748 		free(media_list);
2749 		close(sock);
2750 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
2751 	}
2752 
2753 	/*
2754 	 * Look for an 802.11 "automatic" media type.
2755 	 * We assume that all 802.11 adapters have that media type,
2756 	 * and that it will carry the monitor mode supported flag.
2757 	 */
2758 	can_do = 0;
2759 	for (i = 0; i < req.ifm_count; i++) {
2760 		if (IFM_TYPE(media_list[i]) == IFM_IEEE80211
2761 		    && IFM_SUBTYPE(media_list[i]) == IFM_AUTO) {
2762 			/* OK, does it do monitor mode? */
2763 			if (media_list[i] & IFM_IEEE80211_MONITOR) {
2764 				can_do = 1;
2765 				break;
2766 			}
2767 		}
2768 	}
2769 	free(media_list);
2770 	if (!can_do) {
2771 		/*
2772 		 * This adapter doesn't support monitor mode.
2773 		 */
2774 		close(sock);
2775 		return (PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP);
2776 	}
2777 
2778 	if (set) {
2779 		/*
2780 		 * Don't just check whether we can enable monitor mode,
2781 		 * do so, if it's not already enabled.
2782 		 */
2783 		if ((req.ifm_current & IFM_IEEE80211_MONITOR) == 0) {
2784 			/*
2785 			 * Monitor mode isn't currently on, so turn it on,
2786 			 * and remember that we should turn it off when the
2787 			 * pcap_t is closed.
2788 			 */
2789 
2790 			/*
2791 			 * If we haven't already done so, arrange to have
2792 			 * "pcap_close_all()" called when we exit.
2793 			 */
2794 			if (!pcap_do_addexit(p)) {
2795 				/*
2796 				 * "atexit()" failed; don't put the interface
2797 				 * in monitor mode, just give up.
2798 				 */
2799 				close(sock);
2800 				return (PCAP_ERROR);
2801 			}
2802 			memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
2803 			(void)strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, p->opt.device,
2804 			    sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
2805 			ifr.ifr_media = req.ifm_current | IFM_IEEE80211_MONITOR;
2806 			if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFMEDIA, &ifr) == -1) {
2807 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2808 				     "SIOCSIFMEDIA: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
2809 				close(sock);
2810 				return (PCAP_ERROR);
2811 			}
2812 
2813 			pb->must_do_on_close |= MUST_CLEAR_RFMON;
2814 
2815 			/*
2816 			 * Add this to the list of pcaps to close when we exit.
2817 			 */
2818 			pcap_add_to_pcaps_to_close(p);
2819 		}
2820 	}
2821 	return (0);
2822 }
2823 #endif /* HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211 */
2824 
2825 #if defined(BIOCGDLTLIST) && (defined(__APPLE__) || defined(HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211))
2826 /*
2827  * Check whether we have any 802.11 link-layer types; return the best
2828  * of the 802.11 link-layer types if we find one, and return -1
2829  * otherwise.
2830  *
2831  * DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO, with the radiotap header, is considered the
2832  * best 802.11 link-layer type; any of the other 802.11-plus-radio
2833  * headers are second-best; 802.11 with no radio information is
2834  * the least good.
2835  */
2836 static int
2837 find_802_11(struct bpf_dltlist *bdlp)
2838 {
2839 	int new_dlt;
2840 	u_int i;
2841 
2842 	/*
2843 	 * Scan the list of DLT_ values, looking for 802.11 values,
2844 	 * and, if we find any, choose the best of them.
2845 	 */
2846 	new_dlt = -1;
2847 	for (i = 0; i < bdlp->bfl_len; i++) {
2848 		switch (bdlp->bfl_list[i]) {
2849 
2850 		case DLT_IEEE802_11:
2851 			/*
2852 			 * 802.11, but no radio.
2853 			 *
2854 			 * Offer this, and select it as the new mode
2855 			 * unless we've already found an 802.11
2856 			 * header with radio information.
2857 			 */
2858 			if (new_dlt == -1)
2859 				new_dlt = bdlp->bfl_list[i];
2860 			break;
2861 
2862 		case DLT_PRISM_HEADER:
2863 		case DLT_AIRONET_HEADER:
2864 		case DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS:
2865 			/*
2866 			 * 802.11 with radio, but not radiotap.
2867 			 *
2868 			 * Offer this, and select it as the new mode
2869 			 * unless we've already found the radiotap DLT_.
2870 			 */
2871 			if (new_dlt != DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO)
2872 				new_dlt = bdlp->bfl_list[i];
2873 			break;
2874 
2875 		case DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO:
2876 			/*
2877 			 * 802.11 with radiotap.
2878 			 *
2879 			 * Offer this, and select it as the new mode.
2880 			 */
2881 			new_dlt = bdlp->bfl_list[i];
2882 			break;
2883 
2884 		default:
2885 			/*
2886 			 * Not 802.11.
2887 			 */
2888 			break;
2889 		}
2890 	}
2891 
2892 	return (new_dlt);
2893 }
2894 #endif /* defined(BIOCGDLTLIST) && (defined(__APPLE__) || defined(HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211)) */
2895 
2896 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(BIOCGDLTLIST)
2897 /*
2898  * Remove DLT_EN10MB from the list of DLT_ values, as we're in monitor mode,
2899  * and DLT_EN10MB isn't supported in monitor mode.
2900  */
2901 static void
2902 remove_en(pcap_t *p)
2903 {
2904 	int i, j;
2905 
2906 	/*
2907 	 * Scan the list of DLT_ values and discard DLT_EN10MB.
2908 	 */
2909 	j = 0;
2910 	for (i = 0; i < p->dlt_count; i++) {
2911 		switch (p->dlt_list[i]) {
2912 
2913 		case DLT_EN10MB:
2914 			/*
2915 			 * Don't offer this one.
2916 			 */
2917 			continue;
2918 
2919 		default:
2920 			/*
2921 			 * Just copy this mode over.
2922 			 */
2923 			break;
2924 		}
2925 
2926 		/*
2927 		 * Copy this DLT_ value to its new position.
2928 		 */
2929 		p->dlt_list[j] = p->dlt_list[i];
2930 		j++;
2931 	}
2932 
2933 	/*
2934 	 * Set the DLT_ count to the number of entries we copied.
2935 	 */
2936 	p->dlt_count = j;
2937 }
2938 
2939 /*
2940  * Remove 802.11 link-layer types from the list of DLT_ values, as
2941  * we're not in monitor mode, and those DLT_ values will switch us
2942  * to monitor mode.
2943  */
2944 static void
2945 remove_802_11(pcap_t *p)
2946 {
2947 	int i, j;
2948 
2949 	/*
2950 	 * Scan the list of DLT_ values and discard 802.11 values.
2951 	 */
2952 	j = 0;
2953 	for (i = 0; i < p->dlt_count; i++) {
2954 		switch (p->dlt_list[i]) {
2955 
2956 		case DLT_IEEE802_11:
2957 		case DLT_PRISM_HEADER:
2958 		case DLT_AIRONET_HEADER:
2959 		case DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO:
2960 		case DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS:
2961 			/*
2962 			 * 802.11.  Don't offer this one.
2963 			 */
2964 			continue;
2965 
2966 		default:
2967 			/*
2968 			 * Just copy this mode over.
2969 			 */
2970 			break;
2971 		}
2972 
2973 		/*
2974 		 * Copy this DLT_ value to its new position.
2975 		 */
2976 		p->dlt_list[j] = p->dlt_list[i];
2977 		j++;
2978 	}
2979 
2980 	/*
2981 	 * Set the DLT_ count to the number of entries we copied.
2982 	 */
2983 	p->dlt_count = j;
2984 }
2985 #endif /* defined(__APPLE__) && defined(BIOCGDLTLIST) */
2986 
2987 static int
2988 pcap_setfilter_bpf(pcap_t *p, struct bpf_program *fp)
2989 {
2990 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
2991 
2992 	/*
2993 	 * Free any user-mode filter we might happen to have installed.
2994 	 */
2995 	pcap_freecode(&p->fcode);
2996 
2997 	/*
2998 	 * Try to install the kernel filter.
2999 	 */
3000 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSETF, (caddr_t)fp) == 0) {
3001 		/*
3002 		 * It worked.
3003 		 */
3004 		pb->filtering_in_kernel = 1;	/* filtering in the kernel */
3005 
3006 		/*
3007 		 * Discard any previously-received packets, as they might
3008 		 * have passed whatever filter was formerly in effect, but
3009 		 * might not pass this filter (BIOCSETF discards packets
3010 		 * buffered in the kernel, so you can lose packets in any
3011 		 * case).
3012 		 */
3013 		p->cc = 0;
3014 		return (0);
3015 	}
3016 
3017 	/*
3018 	 * We failed.
3019 	 *
3020 	 * If it failed with EINVAL, that's probably because the program
3021 	 * is invalid or too big.  Validate it ourselves; if we like it
3022 	 * (we currently allow backward branches, to support protochain),
3023 	 * run it in userland.  (There's no notion of "too big" for
3024 	 * userland.)
3025 	 *
3026 	 * Otherwise, just give up.
3027 	 * XXX - if the copy of the program into the kernel failed,
3028 	 * we will get EINVAL rather than, say, EFAULT on at least
3029 	 * some kernels.
3030 	 */
3031 	if (errno != EINVAL) {
3032 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCSETF: %s",
3033 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
3034 		return (-1);
3035 	}
3036 
3037 	/*
3038 	 * install_bpf_program() validates the program.
3039 	 *
3040 	 * XXX - what if we already have a filter in the kernel?
3041 	 */
3042 	if (install_bpf_program(p, fp) < 0)
3043 		return (-1);
3044 	pb->filtering_in_kernel = 0;	/* filtering in userland */
3045 	return (0);
3046 }
3047 
3048 /*
3049  * Set direction flag: Which packets do we accept on a forwarding
3050  * single device? IN, OUT or both?
3051  */
3052 static int
3053 pcap_setdirection_bpf(pcap_t *p, pcap_direction_t d)
3054 {
3055 #if defined(BIOCSDIRECTION)
3056 	u_int direction;
3057 
3058 	direction = (d == PCAP_D_IN) ? BPF_D_IN :
3059 	    ((d == PCAP_D_OUT) ? BPF_D_OUT : BPF_D_INOUT);
3060 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSDIRECTION, &direction) == -1) {
3061 		(void) pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, sizeof(p->errbuf),
3062 		    "Cannot set direction to %s: %s",
3063 		        (d == PCAP_D_IN) ? "PCAP_D_IN" :
3064 			((d == PCAP_D_OUT) ? "PCAP_D_OUT" : "PCAP_D_INOUT"),
3065 			strerror(errno));
3066 		return (-1);
3067 	}
3068 	return (0);
3069 #elif defined(BIOCSSEESENT)
3070 	u_int seesent;
3071 
3072 	/*
3073 	 * We don't support PCAP_D_OUT.
3074 	 */
3075 	if (d == PCAP_D_OUT) {
3076 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, sizeof(p->errbuf),
3077 		    "Setting direction to PCAP_D_OUT is not supported on BPF");
3078 		return -1;
3079 	}
3080 
3081 	seesent = (d == PCAP_D_INOUT);
3082 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSSEESENT, &seesent) == -1) {
3083 		(void) pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, sizeof(p->errbuf),
3084 		    "Cannot set direction to %s: %s",
3085 		        (d == PCAP_D_INOUT) ? "PCAP_D_INOUT" : "PCAP_D_IN",
3086 			strerror(errno));
3087 		return (-1);
3088 	}
3089 	return (0);
3090 #else
3091 	(void) pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, sizeof(p->errbuf),
3092 	    "This system doesn't support BIOCSSEESENT, so the direction can't be set");
3093 	return (-1);
3094 #endif
3095 }
3096 
3097 static int
3098 pcap_set_datalink_bpf(pcap_t *p, int dlt)
3099 {
3100 #ifdef BIOCSDLT
3101 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSDLT, &dlt) == -1) {
3102 		(void) pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, sizeof(p->errbuf),
3103 		    "Cannot set DLT %d: %s", dlt, strerror(errno));
3104 		return (-1);
3105 	}
3106 #endif
3107 	return (0);
3108 }
3109