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59<p class="lead magick-description">There are copious amounts of extra data associated with images (metadata), beyond the actual image pixels. This metadata can be useful, either for display, or for various calculations, or in modifying the behavior of later image processing operations.  You can utilize percent escapes in a number of options, for example in <a href="command-line-options.html#format_identify_">-format</a> or in montage <a href="command-line-options.html#label" >-label</a>, to print various properties and other settings associated with an image.</p>
60
61<div class="table-responsive">
62<table class="table table-striped">
63<tr>
64    <td><b>Profile Data</b></td>
65    <td>Such as EXIF: data, containing focal lengths, exposures, dates, and in
66        come cases GPS locations.
67    </td></tr>
68<tr>
69    <td><b>Attributes</b></td>
70    <td>These are directly involved with image data, and more commonly
71        modified as part of normal image processing.  These include
72        width, height, depth, image type (colorspace), timing delays, and
73        background color. Most specific percent escapes is to access this
74        information.
75    </td></tr>
76<tr>
77    <td><b>Properties</b></td>
78    <td>These are stored as a table of free form strings, and are (if possible)
79        saved with the image (especially in MIFF and PNG image file formats).
80        These include: Labels, Captions, Comments.
81    </td></tr>
82<tr>
83    <td><b>Artifacts</b></td>
84    <td>These are various operational (expert) settings that are saved for
85        use by various operators, or by the user for future use.  It is just
86        a table of free-form strings.  They are not saved with the image when
87        written.  See Artifacts and Options below for details.
88    </td></tr>
89<tr>
90    <td><b>Options</b></td>
91    <td>Also operational (expert) settings that are saved for
92        use by various operators, but are set globally for use by a whole
93        image list (also not saved).  See Artifacts and Options below.
94    </td></tr>
95</table></div>
96
97<h3 class="magick-header">Percent Escape Handling</h3>
98
99<p>If you request a percent escape such as <code>%[key]</code> the setting
100is looked for in the following order until the first match has been
101found...</p>
102
103<ol>
104<li>Handle special prefixes such as 'artifact:' 'option:' 'exif:', or
105    'fx:'.  This includes and calculations and or globs of those prefixes such
106    as 'exif:*' or 'artifact:*' (see below).</li>
107
108<li>If <code>key</code> contains a glob pattern (but no known prefix)
109    search free-form properties table.</li>
110
111<li>If <code>key</code> is a special image 'attribute' name (see list
112    above) return the associated or calculated image attribute.</li>
113
114<li>Search for setting as a free-form 'property'</li>
115<li>Search for setting as a free-form 'artifact'</li>
116<li>Search for setting as a free-form 'option'</li>
117
118<li>Replace escape with empty string, and perhaps produce a warning.</li>
119</ol>
120
121<p>Remember, all long name forms of percent escapes are handled in a is case
122insensitive manner. </p>
123
124<p><b>As of IM v6.8.0-5</b> you can now access the Artifact and Option
125free-form string tables directly, allowing you to override the above sequence,
126and avoid accessing an attribute or property of the same name.</p>
127
128<pre>
129%[artifact:<var>setting</var>]
130%[option:<var>setting</var>]
131</pre>
132
133
134<h3 class="magick-header">Single Letter Attribute Percent Escapes</h3>
135
136<p>Here are common single letter escapes (short form) is used to report the most
137common attributes and properties of an image, such as: the image filename
138filename, type, width, height. </p>
139
140<div class="table-responsive">
141<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
142  <tr>
143    <td>\n</td>
144    <td>newline</td>
145  </tr>
146  <tr>
147    <td>\r</td>
148    <td>carriage return</td>
149  </tr>
150  <tr>
151    <td>&lt;</td>
152    <td>less-than character.</td>
153  </tr>
154  <tr>
155    <td>&gt;</td>
156    <td>greater-than character.</td>
157  </tr>
158  <tr>
159    <td>&amp;</td>
160    <td>ampersand character.</td>
161  </tr>
162  <tr>
163    <td>%%</td>
164    <td>a percent sign</td>
165  </tr>
166  <tr>
167    <td>%b</td>
168    <td>file size of image read in</td>
169  </tr>
170  <tr>
171    <td>%c</td>
172    <td>comment meta-data property</td>
173  </tr>
174  <tr>
175    <td>%d</td>
176    <td>directory component of path</td>
177  </tr>
178  <tr>
179    <td>%e</td>
180    <td>filename extension or suffix</td>
181  </tr>
182  <tr>
183    <td>%f</td>
184    <td>filename (including suffix)</td>
185  </tr>
186  <tr>
187    <td>%g</td>
188    <td>layer canvas page geometry   (equivalent to "%Wx%H%X%Y")</td>
189  </tr>
190  <tr>
191    <td>%h</td>
192    <td>current image height in pixels</td>
193  </tr>
194  <tr>
195    <td>%i</td>
196    <td>image filename (note: becomes output filename for "info:")</td>
197  </tr>
198  <tr>
199    <td>%k</td>
200    <td>CALCULATED: number of unique colors</td>
201  </tr>
202  <tr>
203    <td>%l</td>
204    <td>label meta-data property</td>
205  </tr>
206  <tr>
207    <td>%m</td>
208    <td>image file format (file magic)</td>
209  </tr>
210  <tr>
211    <td>%n</td>
212    <td>number of images in current image sequence</td>
213  </tr>
214  <tr>
215    <td>%o</td>
216    <td>output filename  (used for delegates)</td>
217  </tr>
218  <tr>
219    <td>%p</td>
220    <td>index of image in current image list</td>
221  </tr>
222  <tr>
223    <td>%q</td>
224    <td>quantum depth (compile-time constant)</td>
225  </tr>
226  <tr>
227    <td>%r</td>
228    <td>image class and colorspace</td>
229  </tr>
230  <tr>
231    <td>%s</td>
232    <td>scene number (from input unless re-assigned)</td>
233  </tr>
234  <tr>
235    <td>%t</td>
236    <td>filename without directory or extension (suffix)</td>
237  </tr>
238  <tr>
239    <td>%u</td>
240    <td>unique temporary filename (used for delegates)</td>
241  </tr>
242  <tr>
243    <td>%w</td>
244    <td>current width in pixels</td>
245  </tr>
246  <tr>
247    <td>%x</td>
248    <td>x resolution (density)</td>
249  </tr>
250  <tr>
251    <td>%y</td>
252    <td>y resolution (density)</td>
253  </tr>
254  <tr>
255    <td>%z</td>
256    <td>image depth (as read in unless modified, image save depth)</td>
257  </tr>
258  <tr>
259    <td>%A</td>
260    <td>image transparency channel enabled (true/false)</td>
261  </tr>
262  <tr>
263    <td>%C</td>
264    <td>image compression type</td>
265  </tr>
266  <tr>
267    <td>%D</td>
268    <td>image GIF dispose method</td>
269  </tr>
270  <tr>
271    <td>%G</td>
272    <td>original image size (%wx%h; before any resizes)</td>
273  </tr>
274  <tr>
275    <td>%H</td>
276    <td>page (canvas) height</td>
277  </tr>
278  <tr>
279    <td>%M</td>
280    <td>Magick filename (original file exactly as given,  including read mods)</td>
281  </tr>
282  <tr>
283    <td>%O</td>
284    <td>page (canvas) offset ( = %X%Y )</td>
285  </tr>
286  <tr>
287    <td>%P</td>
288    <td>page (canvas) size ( = %Wx%H )</td>
289  </tr>
290  <tr>
291    <td>%Q</td>
292    <td>image compression quality ( 0 = default )</td>
293  </tr>
294  <tr>
295    <td>%S</td>
296    <td>?? scenes ??</td>
297  </tr>
298  <tr>
299    <td>%T</td>
300    <td>image time delay (in centi-seconds)</td>
301  </tr>
302  <tr>
303    <td>%U</td>
304    <td>image resolution units</td>
305  </tr>
306  <tr>
307    <td>%W</td>
308    <td>page (canvas) width</td>
309  </tr>
310  <tr>
311    <td>%X</td>
312    <td>page (canvas) x offset (including sign)</td>
313  </tr>
314  <tr>
315    <td>%Y</td>
316    <td>page (canvas) y offset (including sign)</td>
317  </tr>
318  <tr>
319    <td>%Z</td>
320    <td>unique filename (used for delegates)</td>
321  </tr>
322  <tr>
323    <td>%@</td>
324    <td>CALCULATED: trim bounding box (without actually trimming)</td>
325  </tr>
326  <tr>
327    <td>%#</td>
328    <td>CALCULATED: 'signature' hash of image values</td>
329  </tr>
330</table></div>
331
332<p>Here is a sample command and its output for an image with filename
333<code>bird.miff</code> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
334
335<pre>
336-> identify -format "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
337MIFF:bird.miff 512x480
338</pre>
339
340<p>Note that all single letter percent escapes can also be used using long
341form (from IM version 6.7.6-9, see next). For example <code>%[f]</code> is
342equivalent to the <code>%f</code> short form. </p>
343
344<p><b>WARNING</b>: short form percent escapes are NOT performed when the percent
345is after a number.  For example,  <code>10%x10</code> does not expand the
346<code>%x</code> as a percent escape.  If you specifically want to expand the
347'x', use the long form which overrides this special case. EG:
348<code>10%[x]10</code>. </p>
349
350<p>Also be warned that calculated attributes can take some time to generate,
351especially for large images.</p>
352
353<h3 class="magick-header">Long Form Attribute Percent Escapes</h3>
354
355<p>In addition to the above specific and calculated attributes are recognized
356when enclosed in braces (long form):</p>
357
358<div class="table-responsive">
359<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
360  <tr>
361    <td>%[base]</td>
362    <td>base filename, no suffixes (as %t)</td>
363  </tr>
364  <tr>
365    <td>%[channels]</td>
366    <td>??? channels in use - colorspace ???</td>
367  </tr>
368  <tr>
369    <td>%[colorspace]</td>
370    <td>Colorspace of Image Data (excluding transparency)</td>
371  </tr>
372  <tr>
373    <td>%[copyright]</td>
374    <td>ImageMagick Copyright String</td>
375  </tr>
376  <tr>
377    <td>%[depth]</td>
378    <td>depth of image for write (as input unless changed)</td>
379  </tr>
380  <tr>
381    <td>%[deskew:angle]</td>
382    <td>The deskew angle in degrees of rotation</td>
383  </tr>
384  <tr>
385    <td>%[directory]</td>
386    <td>directory part of filename (as %d)</td>
387  </tr>
388  <tr>
389    <td>%[distortion]</td>
390    <td>how well an image resembles a reference image (<a href="command-line-options.html#compare" >-compare</a>)</td>
391  </tr>
392  <tr>
393    <td>%[entropy]</td>
394    <td>CALCULATED: entropy of the image</td>
395  </tr>
396  <tr>
397    <td>%[extension]</td>
398    <td>extension part of filename (as %e)</td>
399  </tr>
400  <tr>
401    <td>%[gamma]</td>
402    <td>value of image gamma</td>
403  </tr>
404  <tr>
405    <td>%[group]</td>
406    <td>??? window group ???</td>
407  </tr>
408  <tr>
409    <td>%[height]</td>
410    <td>original height of image (when it was read in)</td>
411  </tr>
412  <tr>
413    <td>%[kurtosis]</td>
414    <td>CALCULATED: kurtosis statistic of image</td>
415  </tr>
416  <tr>
417    <td>%[label]</td>
418    <td>label meta-data property</td>
419  </tr>
420  <tr>
421    <td>%[magick]</td>
422    <td>coder used to read image (not the file suffix)</td>
423  </tr>
424  <tr>
425    <td>%[max]</td>
426    <td>CALCULATED: maximum value statistic of image</td>
427  </tr>
428  <tr>
429    <td>%[mean]</td>
430    <td>CALCULATED: average value statistic of image</td>
431  </tr>
432  <tr>
433    <td>%[min]</td>
434    <td>CALCULATED: minimum value statistic of image</td>
435  </tr>
436  <tr>
437    <td>%[name]</td>
438    <td>The original name of the image</td>
439  </tr>
440  <tr>
441    <td>%[opaque]</td>
442    <td>CALCULATED: is image fully-opaque?</td>
443  </tr>
444  <tr>
445    <td>%[orientation]</td>
446    <td>image orientation</td>
447  </tr>
448  <tr>
449    <td>%[page]</td>
450    <td>Virtual canvas (page) geometry</td>
451  </tr>
452  <tr>
453    <td>%[profile:icc]</td>
454    <td>ICC profile info</td>
455  </tr>
456  <tr>
457    <td>%[profile:icm]</td>
458    <td>ICM profile info</td>
459  </tr>
460  <tr>
461    <td>%[profiles]</td>
462    <td>list of any embedded profiles</td>
463  </tr>
464  <tr>
465    <td>%[resolution.x]</td>
466    <td>X density (resolution) without units</td>
467  </tr>
468  <tr>
469    <td>%[resolution.y]</td>
470    <td>Y density (resolution) without units</td>
471  </tr>
472  <tr>
473    <td>%[scene]</td>
474    <td>original scene number of image in input file</td>
475  </tr>
476  <tr>
477    <td>%[size]</td>
478    <td>original size of image (when it was read in)</td>
479  </tr>
480  <tr>
481    <td>%[skewness]</td>
482    <td>CALCULATED: skewness statistic of image</td>
483  </tr>
484  <tr>
485    <td>%[standard-deviation]</td>
486    <td>CALCULATED: standard deviation statistic of image</td>
487  </tr>
488  <tr>
489    <td>%[type]</td>
490    <td>CALCULATED: image type</td>
491  </tr>
492  <tr>
493    <td>%[unique]</td>
494    <td>unique temporary filename ???</td>
495  </tr>
496  <tr>
497    <td>%[units]</td>
498    <td>image resolution units</td>
499  </tr>
500  <tr>
501    <td>%[version]</td>
502    <td>Version Information of this running ImageMagick</td>
503  </tr>
504  <tr>
505    <td>%[width]</td>
506    <td>original width of image (when it was read in)</td>
507  </tr>
508  <tr>
509    <td>%[zero]</td>
510    <td>zero (unique filename for delegate use)</td>
511  </tr>
512</table></div>
513
514<h3 class="magick-header">Properties</h3>
515
516<p>All other long forms of percent escapes (not single letter long form) are
517handled in a case insensitive manner. Such escapes will will attempt to look
518up that name specific data sources. </p>
519
520<p>The primary search space (if not a specific attribute listed above) is
521a free-form property string.  Such strings are associated and saved with
522images, and are typically set using either the <a href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a>
523CLI option (or API equivalent), or from special convenience options
524(such as <a href="command-line-options.html#label"
525>-label</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#comment"
526>-comment</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#caption"
527>-caption</a>). </p>
528
529<p>These convenience options are globally saved (as 'global options' so thay can
530be set before images are read), and later are transfered to the property of
531individual images, only when they are read in. At that time any internal
532percent escape present is then handled. </p>
533
534<p>To change a property of an image already in memory, you need to use <a
535href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a>.
536</p>
537
538<p>Note that properties, like attributes (and profiles), are saved with
539images when write, if the image file format allows. </p>
540
541
542<h3 class="magick-header">Artifacts and Options</h3>
543
544<p>The previous percent escapes are associated with the primary Attributes and
545Properties. Which is the original and primary focus of such percent escapes.
546</p>
547
548<p>However there are many operational settings that are used by various
549ImageMagick operators that can be useful to set and later access.  These
550consist of per-image Artifacts, and Global options (associated with a list of
551images, typically the current image list).</p>
552
553<p>Note that the major difference between an artifact and a property is that
554artifacts, being an internal operational setting, is not saved with images (if
555such is possible). </p>
556
557<p>For example when you use <code>-define 'distort:viewport=100x100'</code> you
558are in fact generating a global option, which the <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
559>-distort</a> operator will use to modify its behavior (distorted output
560image 'view'). </p>
561
562<p>An Option is essentually a Artifact that has been stored globally as part
563of a list of images (specifically a 'Wand' of images). As such they are
564identical, in that a Option, is simply a global Artifact for all the
565associated images. </p>
566
567<p>As such you can use <code>-set 'option:distort:viewport' '100x100'</code> to
568achieve the same result of setting a Artifact for the disort operation to use.
569</p>
570
571<p><b>Internal Handling of a Global Option...</b></p>
572
573<p>The Core library ('MagickCore') does not generally directly understand
574Global Options. As such, continuing the previous example, the
575<code>DistortImages()</code> function only looks up an artifact to discover if
576a 'viewport' has been provided to it. </p>
577
578<p>How Global Options are used when a library function requests an Artifact is
579one of the key differences between IMv6 and IMv7.</p>
580
581<p>In <b>ImageMagick version 6</b>... before each operator, any global Options
582are copied to per-image Artifacts, for every image in the current image list.
583This allows various operators to find its operational 'defines' or Artifacts.
584</p>
585
586<p>In <b>ImageMagick version 7</b>... sets a link back to the global options
587data, so that if a specific per-image Artifact is not found , then it will
588look for a equivalent global Option for that image list.  directly.  This
589saves coping these free-form options into artifacts repeatally, and means you
590can now separately define a global option for a list, and a individual
591overriding artifact for a specific image in that list. </p>
592
593<p>Note that many API's that do not use Wands (PerlMagick for example using
594arrays of images rather than a Wand). In these API's you will not have Global
595Options, only per-image Artifacts. </p>
596
597<p>In summery a Global Option, if available, is equivalent to a per-image
598Artifact. </p>
599
600
601<h3 class="magick-header">Glob-Pattern Listing of Properties, Artifacts and Options</h3>
602
603<p>The <var>setting</var> can contain a glob pattern. As such you can
604now list all free-form string properties, artifacts, and options, (but not
605specific image attributes) using...</p>
606
607<pre>
608convert ... \
609   -print "__Properties__\n%[*]" \
610   -print "__Artifacts__\n%[artifact:*]" \
611   -print "__Options__\n%[option:*]" \
612   ...
613</pre>
614
615<p> The format of glob patterns are very specific and as such is generally
616only used to list specific settings, such as when debugging, rather than being
617used for image processing use. </p>
618
619
620<h3 class="magick-header">Calculated Percent Escape Prefixes</h3>
621
622<p>There are some special prefixes (before the first ':') which performs
623calculations based on the user provided string that follows that prefix.  For
624example you can do a numerical calculation use <code>%[fx:...]</code> to
625evaluate the given <a href="fx.html">FX</a> expressions:</p>
626
627<pre>
628%[fx:<var>expression</var>]
629</pre>
630
631<p>Use <code>pixel:</code> to evaluate a pixel color as defined by the <a
632href="fx.html">FX</a>
633expression:</p>
634
635<pre>
636%[pixel:<var>expression</var>]
637</pre>
638
639<h3 class="magick-header">Specific Profile Percent Escape Prefixes</h3>
640
641<p>You can also use the following special formatting syntax to print EXIF
642mage meta-data that was included in the image read in:</p>
643
644<pre>
645%[EXIF:<var>tag</var>]
646</pre>
647
648<p>Choose <var>tag</var> from the following:</p>
649
650<pre class="pre-scrollable">
651*  (print all EXIF tags, in keyword=data format)
652!  (print all EXIF tags, in tag_number data format)
653#hhhh (print data for EXIF tag #hhhh)
654ImageWidth
655ImageLength
656BitsPerSample
657Compression
658PhotometricInterpretation
659FillOrder
660DocumentName
661ImageDescription
662Make
663Model
664StripOffsets
665Orientation
666SamplesPerPixel
667RowsPerStrip
668StripByteCounts
669XResolution
670YResolution
671PlanarConfiguration
672ResolutionUnit
673TransferFunction
674Software
675DateTime
676Artist
677WhitePoint
678PrimaryChromaticities
679TransferRange
680JPEGProc
681JPEGInterchangeFormat
682JPEGInterchangeFormatLength
683YCbCrCoefficients
684YCbCrSubSampling
685YCbCrPositioning
686ReferenceBlackWhite
687CFARepeatPatternDim
688CFAPattern
689BatteryLevel
690Copyright
691ExposureTime
692FNumber
693IPTC/NAA
694EXIFOffset
695InterColorProfile
696ExposureProgram
697SpectralSensitivity
698GPSInfo
699ISOSpeedRatings
700OECF
701EXIFVersion
702DateTimeOriginal
703DateTimeDigitized
704ComponentsConfiguration
705CompressedBitsPerPixel
706ShutterSpeedValue
707ApertureValue
708BrightnessValue
709ExposureBiasValue
710MaxApertureValue
711SubjectDistance
712MeteringMode
713LightSource
714Flash
715FocalLength
716MakerNote
717UserComment
718SubSecTime
719SubSecTimeOriginal
720SubSecTimeDigitized
721FlashPixVersion
722ColorSpace
723EXIFImageWidth
724EXIFImageLength
725InteroperabilityOffset
726FlashEnergy
727SpatialFrequencyResponse
728FocalPlaneXResolution
729FocalPlaneYResolution
730FocalPlaneResolutionUnit
731SubjectLocation
732ExposureIndex
733SensingMethod
734FileSource
735SceneType
736</pre>
737<br/>
738<p>Surround the format specification with quotation marks to prevent your
739shell from misinterpreting any spaces and square brackets.</p>
740
741<p>The following special formatting syntax can be used to print IPTC
742information contained in the file:</p>
743
744<pre>
745%[IPTC:<var>dataset</var>:<var>record</var>]
746</pre>
747
748<p>Select <var>dataset</var> and <var>record</var> from the following:</p>
749
750<pre class="pre-scrollable:">
751  Envelope Record
752  1:00  Model Version
753  1:05  Destination
754  1:20  File Format
755  1:22  File Format Version
756  1:30  Service Identifier
757  1:40  Envelope Number
758  1:50  Product ID
759  1:60  Envelope Priority
760  1:70  Date Sent
761  1:80  Time Sent
762  1:90  Coded Character Set
763  1:100  UNO (Unique Name of Object)
764  1:120  ARM Identifier
765  1:122  ARM Version
766
767Application Record
768  2:00  Record Version
769  2:03  Object Type Reference
770  2:05  Object Name (Title)
771  2:07  Edit Status
772  2:08  Editorial Update
773  2:10  Urgency
774  2:12  Subject Reference
775  2:15  Category
776  2:20  Supplemental Category
777  2:22  Fixture Identifier
778  2:25  Keywords
779  2:26  Content Location Code
780  2:27  Content Location Name
781  2:30  Release Date
782  2:35  Release Time
783  2:37  Expiration Date
784  2:38  Expiration Time
785  2:40  Special Instructions
786  2:42  Action Advised
787  2:45  Reference Service
788  2:47  Reference Date
789  2:50  Reference Number
790  2:55  Date Created
791  2:60  Time Created
792  2:62  Digital Creation Date
793  2:63  Digital Creation Time
794  2:65  Originating Program
795  2:70  Program Version
796  2:75  Object Cycle
797  2:80  By-Line (Author)
798  2:85  By-Line Title (Author Position) [Not used in Photoshop 7]
799  2:90  City
800  2:92  Sub-Location
801  2:95  Province/State
802  2:100  Country/Primary Location Code
803  2:101  Country/Primary Location Name
804  2:103  Original Transmission Reference
805  2:105  Headline
806  2:110  Credit
807  2:115  Source
808  2:116  Copyright Notice
809  2:118  Contact
810  2:120  Caption/Abstract
811  2:122  Caption Writer/Editor
812  2:125  Rasterized Caption
813  2:130  Image Type
814  2:131  Image Orientation
815  2:135  Language Identifier
816  2:150  Audio Type
817  2:151  Audio Sampling Rate
818  2:152  Audio Sampling Resolution
819  2:153  Audio Duration
820  2:154  Audio Outcue
821  2:200  ObjectData Preview File Format
822  2:201  ObjectData Preview File Format Version
823  2:202  ObjectData Preview Data
824
825Pre-ObjectData Descriptor Record
826  7:10   Size Mode
827  7:20   Max Subfile Size
828  7:90   ObjectData Size Announced
829  7:95   Maximum ObjectData Size
830
831ObjectData Record
832  8:10   Subfile
833
834Post ObjectData Descriptor Record
835  9:10   Confirmed ObjectData Size
836</pre>
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