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1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
3  *
4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7  *
8  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9  *
10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14  * limitations under the License.
15  */
16 
17 #ifndef ART_RUNTIME_INTERN_TABLE_H_
18 #define ART_RUNTIME_INTERN_TABLE_H_
19 
20 #include <unordered_set>
21 
22 #include "base/atomic.h"
23 #include "base/allocator.h"
24 #include "base/hash_set.h"
25 #include "base/mutex.h"
26 #include "gc/weak_root_state.h"
27 #include "gc_root.h"
28 
29 namespace art {
30 
31 class IsMarkedVisitor;
32 
33 namespace gc {
34 namespace space {
35 class ImageSpace;
36 }  // namespace space
37 }  // namespace gc
38 
39 enum VisitRootFlags : uint8_t;
40 
41 namespace linker {
42 class OatWriter;
43 }  // namespace linker
44 
45 namespace mirror {
46 class String;
47 }  // namespace mirror
48 class Transaction;
49 
50 /**
51  * Used to intern strings.
52  *
53  * There are actually two tables: one that holds strong references to its strings, and one that
54  * holds weak references. The former is used for string literals, for which there is an effective
55  * reference from the constant pool. The latter is used for strings interned at runtime via
56  * String.intern. Some code (XML parsers being a prime example) relies on being able to intern
57  * arbitrarily many strings for the duration of a parse without permanently increasing the memory
58  * footprint.
59  */
60 class InternTable {
61  public:
62   InternTable();
63 
64   // Interns a potentially new string in the 'strong' table. May cause thread suspension.
65   ObjPtr<mirror::String> InternStrong(int32_t utf16_length, const char* utf8_data)
66       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(!Roles::uninterruptible_);
67 
68   // Only used by image writer. Special version that may not cause thread suspension since the GC
69   // cannot be running while we are doing image writing. Maybe be called while while holding a
70   // lock since there will not be thread suspension.
71   ObjPtr<mirror::String> InternStrongImageString(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
72       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
73 
74   // Interns a potentially new string in the 'strong' table. May cause thread suspension.
75   ObjPtr<mirror::String> InternStrong(const char* utf8_data) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
76       REQUIRES(!Roles::uninterruptible_);
77 
78   // Interns a potentially new string in the 'strong' table. May cause thread suspension.
79   ObjPtr<mirror::String> InternStrong(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
80       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
81       REQUIRES(!Roles::uninterruptible_);
82 
83   // Interns a potentially new string in the 'weak' table. May cause thread suspension.
84   ObjPtr<mirror::String> InternWeak(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
85       REQUIRES(!Roles::uninterruptible_);
86 
87   void SweepInternTableWeaks(IsMarkedVisitor* visitor) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
88       REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_);
89 
90   bool ContainsWeak(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
91       REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_);
92 
93   // Lookup a strong intern, returns null if not found.
94   ObjPtr<mirror::String> LookupStrong(Thread* self, ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
95       REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_)
96       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
97   ObjPtr<mirror::String> LookupStrong(Thread* self, uint32_t utf16_length, const char* utf8_data)
98       REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_)
99       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
100 
101   // Lookup a weak intern, returns null if not found.
102   ObjPtr<mirror::String> LookupWeak(Thread* self, ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
103       REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_)
104       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
105 
106   // Total number of interned strings.
107   size_t Size() const REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_);
108 
109   // Total number of weakly live interned strings.
110   size_t StrongSize() const REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_);
111 
112   // Total number of strongly live interned strings.
113   size_t WeakSize() const REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_);
114 
115   void VisitRoots(RootVisitor* visitor, VisitRootFlags flags)
116       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_);
117 
118   void DumpForSigQuit(std::ostream& os) const REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_);
119 
120   void BroadcastForNewInterns();
121 
122   // Adds all of the resolved image strings from the image spaces into the intern table. The
123   // advantage of doing this is preventing expensive DexFile::FindStringId calls. Sets
124   // images_added_to_intern_table_ to true.
125   void AddImagesStringsToTable(const std::vector<gc::space::ImageSpace*>& image_spaces)
126       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_);
127 
128   // Add a new intern table for inserting to, previous intern tables are still there but no
129   // longer inserted into and ideally unmodified. This is done to prevent dirty pages.
130   void AddNewTable()
131       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_);
132 
133   // Read the intern table from memory. The elements aren't copied, the intern hash set data will
134   // point to somewhere within ptr. Only reads the strong interns.
135   size_t AddTableFromMemory(const uint8_t* ptr) REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_)
136       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
137 
138   // Write the post zygote intern table to a pointer. Only writes the strong interns since it is
139   // expected that there is no weak interns since this is called from the image writer.
140   size_t WriteToMemory(uint8_t* ptr) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
141       REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_);
142 
143   // Change the weak root state. May broadcast to waiters.
144   void ChangeWeakRootState(gc::WeakRootState new_state)
145       REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_);
146 
147  private:
148   // Modified UTF-8-encoded string treated as UTF16.
149   class Utf8String {
150    public:
Utf8String(uint32_t utf16_length,const char * utf8_data,int32_t hash)151     Utf8String(uint32_t utf16_length, const char* utf8_data, int32_t hash)
152         : hash_(hash), utf16_length_(utf16_length), utf8_data_(utf8_data) { }
153 
GetHash()154     int32_t GetHash() const { return hash_; }
GetUtf16Length()155     uint32_t GetUtf16Length() const { return utf16_length_; }
GetUtf8Data()156     const char* GetUtf8Data() const { return utf8_data_; }
157 
158    private:
159     int32_t hash_;
160     uint32_t utf16_length_;
161     const char* utf8_data_;
162   };
163 
164   class StringHashEquals {
165    public:
166     std::size_t operator()(const GcRoot<mirror::String>& root) const NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS;
167     bool operator()(const GcRoot<mirror::String>& a, const GcRoot<mirror::String>& b) const
168         NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS;
169 
170     // Utf8String can be used for lookup.
operator()171     std::size_t operator()(const Utf8String& key) const {
172       // A cast to prevent undesired sign extension.
173       return static_cast<uint32_t>(key.GetHash());
174     }
175 
176     bool operator()(const GcRoot<mirror::String>& a, const Utf8String& b) const
177         NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS;
178   };
179   class GcRootEmptyFn {
180    public:
MakeEmpty(GcRoot<mirror::String> & item)181     void MakeEmpty(GcRoot<mirror::String>& item) const {
182       item = GcRoot<mirror::String>();
183     }
IsEmpty(const GcRoot<mirror::String> & item)184     bool IsEmpty(const GcRoot<mirror::String>& item) const {
185       return item.IsNull();
186     }
187   };
188 
189   // Table which holds pre zygote and post zygote interned strings. There is one instance for
190   // weak interns and strong interns.
191   class Table {
192    public:
193     Table();
194     ObjPtr<mirror::String> Find(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
195         REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
196     ObjPtr<mirror::String> Find(const Utf8String& string) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
197         REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
198     void Insert(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
199         REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
200     void Remove(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
201         REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
202     void VisitRoots(RootVisitor* visitor)
203         REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
204     void SweepWeaks(IsMarkedVisitor* visitor)
205         REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
206     // Add a new intern table that will only be inserted into from now on.
207     void AddNewTable() REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
208     size_t Size() const REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
209     // Read and add an intern table from ptr.
210     // Tables read are inserted at the front of the table array. Only checks for conflicts in
211     // debug builds. Returns how many bytes were read.
212     size_t AddTableFromMemory(const uint8_t* ptr)
213         REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
214     // Write the intern tables to ptr, if there are multiple tables they are combined into a single
215     // one. Returns how many bytes were written.
216     size_t WriteToMemory(uint8_t* ptr)
217         REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
218 
219    private:
220     typedef HashSet<GcRoot<mirror::String>, GcRootEmptyFn, StringHashEquals, StringHashEquals,
221         TrackingAllocator<GcRoot<mirror::String>, kAllocatorTagInternTable>> UnorderedSet;
222 
223     void SweepWeaks(UnorderedSet* set, IsMarkedVisitor* visitor)
224         REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
225 
226     // We call AddNewTable when we create the zygote to reduce private dirty pages caused by
227     // modifying the zygote intern table. The back of table is modified when strings are interned.
228     std::vector<UnorderedSet> tables_;
229 
230     friend class linker::OatWriter;  // for boot image string table slot address lookup.
231     ART_FRIEND_TEST(InternTableTest, CrossHash);
232   };
233 
234   // Insert if non null, otherwise return null. Must be called holding the mutator lock.
235   // If holding_locks is true, then we may also hold other locks. If holding_locks is true, then we
236   // require GC is not running since it is not safe to wait while holding locks.
237   ObjPtr<mirror::String> Insert(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s, bool is_strong, bool holding_locks)
238       REQUIRES(!Locks::intern_table_lock_) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
239 
240   ObjPtr<mirror::String> LookupStrongLocked(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
241       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
242   ObjPtr<mirror::String> LookupWeakLocked(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
243       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
244   ObjPtr<mirror::String> InsertStrong(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
245       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
246   ObjPtr<mirror::String> InsertWeak(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
247       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
248   void RemoveStrong(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
249       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
250   void RemoveWeak(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
251       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
252 
253   // Transaction rollback access.
254   ObjPtr<mirror::String> InsertStrongFromTransaction(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
255       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
256   ObjPtr<mirror::String> InsertWeakFromTransaction(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
257       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
258   void RemoveStrongFromTransaction(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
259       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
260   void RemoveWeakFromTransaction(ObjPtr<mirror::String> s)
261       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
262 
263   size_t AddTableFromMemoryLocked(const uint8_t* ptr)
264       REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
265 
266   // Change the weak root state. May broadcast to waiters.
267   void ChangeWeakRootStateLocked(gc::WeakRootState new_state)
268       REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
269 
270   // Wait until we can read weak roots.
271   void WaitUntilAccessible(Thread* self)
272       REQUIRES(Locks::intern_table_lock_) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
273 
274   bool log_new_roots_ GUARDED_BY(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
275   ConditionVariable weak_intern_condition_ GUARDED_BY(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
276   // Since this contains (strong) roots, they need a read barrier to
277   // enable concurrent intern table (strong) root scan. Do not
278   // directly access the strings in it. Use functions that contain
279   // read barriers.
280   Table strong_interns_ GUARDED_BY(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
281   std::vector<GcRoot<mirror::String>> new_strong_intern_roots_
282       GUARDED_BY(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
283   // Since this contains (weak) roots, they need a read barrier. Do
284   // not directly access the strings in it. Use functions that contain
285   // read barriers.
286   Table weak_interns_ GUARDED_BY(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
287   // Weak root state, used for concurrent system weak processing and more.
288   gc::WeakRootState weak_root_state_ GUARDED_BY(Locks::intern_table_lock_);
289 
290   friend class linker::OatWriter;  // for boot image string table slot address lookup.
291   friend class Transaction;
292   ART_FRIEND_TEST(InternTableTest, CrossHash);
293   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(InternTable);
294 };
295 
296 }  // namespace art
297 
298 #endif  // ART_RUNTIME_INTERN_TABLE_H_
299