xref: /system/update_engine/payload_generator/generate_delta_main.cc

//
// Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//

#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <xz.h>

#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include <base/logging.h>
#include <base/strings/string_number_conversions.h>
#include <base/strings/string_split.h>
#include <brillo/flag_helper.h>
#include <brillo/key_value_store.h>

#include "update_engine/common/fake_boot_control.h"
#include "update_engine/common/fake_hardware.h"
#include "update_engine/common/prefs.h"
#include "update_engine/common/terminator.h"
#include "update_engine/common/utils.h"
#include "update_engine/payload_consumer/delta_performer.h"
#include "update_engine/payload_consumer/payload_constants.h"
#include "update_engine/payload_generator/delta_diff_generator.h"
#include "update_engine/payload_generator/payload_generation_config.h"
#include "update_engine/payload_generator/payload_signer.h"
#include "update_engine/payload_generator/xz.h"
#include "update_engine/update_metadata.pb.h"

// This file contains a simple program that takes an old path, a new path,
// and an output file as arguments and the path to an output file and
// generates a delta that can be sent to Chrome OS clients.

using std::string;
using std::vector;

namespace chromeos_update_engine {

namespace {

void ParseSignatureSizes(const string& signature_sizes_flag,
                         vector<int>* signature_sizes) {
  signature_sizes->clear();
  vector<string> split_strings =
      base::SplitString(signature_sizes_flag, ":", base::TRIM_WHITESPACE,
                        base::SPLIT_WANT_ALL);
  for (const string& str : split_strings) {
    int size = 0;
    bool parsing_successful = base::StringToInt(str, &size);
    LOG_IF(FATAL, !parsing_successful)
        << "Invalid signature size: " << str;

    LOG_IF(FATAL, size != (2048 / 8)) <<
        "Only signature sizes of 256 bytes are supported.";

    signature_sizes->push_back(size);
  }
}

bool ParseImageInfo(const string& channel,
                    const string& board,
                    const string& version,
                    const string& key,
                    const string& build_channel,
                    const string& build_version,
                    ImageInfo* image_info) {
  // All of these arguments should be present or missing.
  bool empty = channel.empty();

  CHECK_EQ(channel.empty(), empty);
  CHECK_EQ(board.empty(), empty);
  CHECK_EQ(version.empty(), empty);
  CHECK_EQ(key.empty(), empty);

  if (empty)
    return false;

  image_info->set_channel(channel);
  image_info->set_board(board);
  image_info->set_version(version);
  image_info->set_key(key);

  image_info->set_build_channel(
      build_channel.empty() ? channel : build_channel);

  image_info->set_build_version(
      build_version.empty() ? version : build_version);

  return true;
}

void CalculateHashForSigning(const vector<int> &sizes,
                             const string& out_hash_file,
                             const string& out_metadata_hash_file,
                             const string& in_file) {
  LOG(INFO) << "Calculating hash for signing.";
  LOG_IF(FATAL, in_file.empty())
      << "Must pass --in_file to calculate hash for signing.";
  LOG_IF(FATAL, out_hash_file.empty())
      << "Must pass --out_hash_file to calculate hash for signing.";

  brillo::Blob payload_hash, metadata_hash;
  CHECK(PayloadSigner::HashPayloadForSigning(in_file, sizes, &payload_hash,
                                             &metadata_hash));
  CHECK(utils::WriteFile(out_hash_file.c_str(), payload_hash.data(),
                         payload_hash.size()));
  if (!out_metadata_hash_file.empty())
    CHECK(utils::WriteFile(out_metadata_hash_file.c_str(), metadata_hash.data(),
                           metadata_hash.size()));

  LOG(INFO) << "Done calculating hash for signing.";
}

void SignatureFileFlagToBlobs(const string& signature_file_flag,
                              vector<brillo::Blob>* signatures) {
  vector<string> signature_files =
      base::SplitString(signature_file_flag, ":", base::TRIM_WHITESPACE,
                        base::SPLIT_WANT_ALL);
  for (const string& signature_file : signature_files) {
    brillo::Blob signature;
    CHECK(utils::ReadFile(signature_file, &signature));
    signatures->push_back(signature);
  }
}

void SignPayload(const string& in_file,
                 const string& out_file,
                 const string& payload_signature_file,
                 const string& metadata_signature_file,
                 const string& out_metadata_size_file) {
  LOG(INFO) << "Signing payload.";
  LOG_IF(FATAL, in_file.empty())
      << "Must pass --in_file to sign payload.";
  LOG_IF(FATAL, out_file.empty())
      << "Must pass --out_file to sign payload.";
  LOG_IF(FATAL, payload_signature_file.empty())
      << "Must pass --signature_file to sign payload.";
  vector<brillo::Blob> signatures, metadata_signatures;
  SignatureFileFlagToBlobs(payload_signature_file, &signatures);
  SignatureFileFlagToBlobs(metadata_signature_file, &metadata_signatures);
  uint64_t final_metadata_size;
  CHECK(PayloadSigner::AddSignatureToPayload(in_file, signatures,
      metadata_signatures, out_file, &final_metadata_size));
  LOG(INFO) << "Done signing payload. Final metadata size = "
            << final_metadata_size;
  if (!out_metadata_size_file.empty()) {
    string metadata_size_string = std::to_string(final_metadata_size);
    CHECK(utils::WriteFile(out_metadata_size_file.c_str(),
                           metadata_size_string.data(),
                           metadata_size_string.size()));
  }
}

int VerifySignedPayload(const string& in_file, const string& public_key) {
  LOG(INFO) << "Verifying signed payload.";
  LOG_IF(FATAL, in_file.empty())
      << "Must pass --in_file to verify signed payload.";
  LOG_IF(FATAL, public_key.empty())
      << "Must pass --public_key to verify signed payload.";
  if (!PayloadSigner::VerifySignedPayload(in_file, public_key)) {
    LOG(INFO) << "VerifySignedPayload failed";
    return 1;
  }

  LOG(INFO) << "Done verifying signed payload.";
  return 0;
}

// TODO(deymo): This function is likely broken for deltas minor version 2 or
// newer. Move this function to a new file and make the delta_performer
// integration tests use this instead.
bool ApplyPayload(const string& payload_file,
                  // Simply reuses the payload config used for payload
                  // generation.
                  const PayloadGenerationConfig& config) {
  LOG(INFO) << "Applying delta.";
  FakeBootControl fake_boot_control;
  FakeHardware fake_hardware;
  MemoryPrefs prefs;
  InstallPlan install_plan;
  InstallPlan::Payload payload;
  install_plan.source_slot =
      config.is_delta ? 0 : BootControlInterface::kInvalidSlot;
  install_plan.target_slot = 1;
  payload.type =
      config.is_delta ? InstallPayloadType::kDelta : InstallPayloadType::kFull;

  for (size_t i = 0; i < config.target.partitions.size(); i++) {
    const string& part_name = config.target.partitions[i].name;
    const string& target_path = config.target.partitions[i].path;
    fake_boot_control.SetPartitionDevice(
        part_name, install_plan.target_slot, target_path);

    string source_path;
    if (config.is_delta) {
      TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(config.target.partitions.size() ==
                            config.source.partitions.size());
      source_path = config.source.partitions[i].path;
      fake_boot_control.SetPartitionDevice(
          part_name, install_plan.source_slot, source_path);
    }

    LOG(INFO) << "Install partition:"
              << " source: " << source_path << " target: " << target_path;
  }

  DeltaPerformer performer(&prefs,
                           &fake_boot_control,
                           &fake_hardware,
                           nullptr,
                           &install_plan,
                           &payload,
                           true);  // is_interactive

  brillo::Blob buf(1024 * 1024);
  int fd = open(payload_file.c_str(), O_RDONLY, 0);
  CHECK_GE(fd, 0);
  ScopedFdCloser fd_closer(&fd);
  xz_crc32_init();
  for (off_t offset = 0;; offset += buf.size()) {
    ssize_t bytes_read;
    CHECK(utils::PReadAll(fd, buf.data(), buf.size(), offset, &bytes_read));
    if (bytes_read == 0)
      break;
    TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(performer.Write(buf.data(), bytes_read));
  }
  CHECK_EQ(performer.Close(), 0);
  DeltaPerformer::ResetUpdateProgress(&prefs, false);
  LOG(INFO) << "Completed applying " << (config.is_delta ? "delta" : "full")
            << " payload.";
  return true;
}

int ExtractProperties(const string& payload_path, const string& props_file) {
  brillo::KeyValueStore properties;
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(
      PayloadSigner::ExtractPayloadProperties(payload_path, &properties));
  if (props_file == "-") {
    printf("%s", properties.SaveToString().c_str());
  } else {
    properties.Save(base::FilePath(props_file));
    LOG(INFO) << "Generated properties file at " << props_file;
  }
  return true;
}

int Main(int argc, char** argv) {
  DEFINE_string(old_image, "", "Path to the old rootfs");
  DEFINE_string(new_image, "", "Path to the new rootfs");
  DEFINE_string(old_kernel, "", "Path to the old kernel partition image");
  DEFINE_string(new_kernel, "", "Path to the new kernel partition image");
  DEFINE_string(old_partitions, "",
                "Path to the old partitions. To pass multiple partitions, use "
                "a single argument with a colon between paths, e.g. "
                "/path/to/part:/path/to/part2::/path/to/last_part . Path can "
                "be empty, but it has to match the order of partition_names.");
  DEFINE_string(new_partitions, "",
                "Path to the new partitions. To pass multiple partitions, use "
                "a single argument with a colon between paths, e.g. "
                "/path/to/part:/path/to/part2:/path/to/last_part . Path has "
                "to match the order of partition_names.");
  DEFINE_string(old_mapfiles,
                "",
                "Path to the .map files associated with the partition files "
                "in the old partition. The .map file is normally generated "
                "when creating the image in Android builds. Only recommended "
                "for unsupported filesystem. Pass multiple files separated by "
                "a colon as with -old_partitions.");
  DEFINE_string(new_mapfiles,
                "",
                "Path to the .map files associated with the partition files "
                "in the new partition, similar to the -old_mapfiles flag.");
  DEFINE_string(partition_names,
                string(kLegacyPartitionNameRoot) + ":" +
                kLegacyPartitionNameKernel,
                "Names of the partitions. To pass multiple names, use a single "
                "argument with a colon between names, e.g. "
                "name:name2:name3:last_name . Name can not be empty, and it "
                "has to match the order of partitions.");
  DEFINE_string(in_file, "",
                "Path to input delta payload file used to hash/sign payloads "
                "and apply delta over old_image (for debugging)");
  DEFINE_string(out_file, "", "Path to output delta payload file");
  DEFINE_string(out_hash_file, "", "Path to output hash file");
  DEFINE_string(out_metadata_hash_file, "",
                "Path to output metadata hash file");
  DEFINE_string(out_metadata_size_file, "",
                "Path to output metadata size file");
  DEFINE_string(private_key, "", "Path to private key in .pem format");
  DEFINE_string(public_key, "", "Path to public key in .pem format");
  DEFINE_int32(public_key_version, -1,
               "DEPRECATED. Key-check version # of client");
  DEFINE_string(signature_size, "",
                "Raw signature size used for hash calculation. "
                "You may pass in multiple sizes by colon separating them. E.g. "
                "2048:2048:4096 will assume 3 signatures, the first two with "
                "2048 size and the last 4096.");
  DEFINE_string(signature_file, "",
                "Raw signature file to sign payload with. To pass multiple "
                "signatures, use a single argument with a colon between paths, "
                "e.g. /path/to/sig:/path/to/next:/path/to/last_sig . Each "
                "signature will be assigned a client version, starting from "
                "kSignatureOriginalVersion.");
  DEFINE_string(metadata_signature_file, "",
                "Raw signature file with the signature of the metadata hash. "
                "To pass multiple signatures, use a single argument with a "
                "colon between paths, "
                "e.g. /path/to/sig:/path/to/next:/path/to/last_sig .");
  DEFINE_int32(chunk_size, 200 * 1024 * 1024,
               "Payload chunk size (-1 for whole files)");
  DEFINE_uint64(rootfs_partition_size,
               chromeos_update_engine::kRootFSPartitionSize,
               "RootFS partition size for the image once installed");
  DEFINE_uint64(major_version, 1,
               "The major version of the payload being generated.");
  DEFINE_int32(minor_version, -1,
               "The minor version of the payload being generated "
               "(-1 means autodetect).");
  DEFINE_string(properties_file, "",
                "If passed, dumps the payload properties of the payload passed "
                "in --in_file and exits.");
  DEFINE_int64(max_timestamp,
               0,
               "The maximum timestamp of the OS allowed to apply this "
               "payload.");

  DEFINE_string(old_channel, "",
                "The channel for the old image. 'dev-channel', 'npo-channel', "
                "etc. Ignored, except during delta generation.");
  DEFINE_string(old_board, "",
                "The board for the old image. 'x86-mario', 'lumpy', "
                "etc. Ignored, except during delta generation.");
  DEFINE_string(old_version, "",
                "The build version of the old image. 1.2.3, etc.");
  DEFINE_string(old_key, "",
                "The key used to sign the old image. 'premp', 'mp', 'mp-v3',"
                " etc");
  DEFINE_string(old_build_channel, "",
                "The channel for the build of the old image. 'dev-channel', "
                "etc, but will never contain special channels such as "
                "'npo-channel'. Ignored, except during delta generation.");
  DEFINE_string(old_build_version, "",
                "The version of the build containing the old image.");

  DEFINE_string(new_channel, "",
                "The channel for the new image. 'dev-channel', 'npo-channel', "
                "etc. Ignored, except during delta generation.");
  DEFINE_string(new_board, "",
                "The board for the new image. 'x86-mario', 'lumpy', "
                "etc. Ignored, except during delta generation.");
  DEFINE_string(new_version, "",
                "The build version of the new image. 1.2.3, etc.");
  DEFINE_string(new_key, "",
                "The key used to sign the new image. 'premp', 'mp', 'mp-v3',"
                " etc");
  DEFINE_string(new_build_channel, "",
                "The channel for the build of the new image. 'dev-channel', "
                "etc, but will never contain special channels such as "
                "'npo-channel'. Ignored, except during delta generation.");
  DEFINE_string(new_build_version, "",
                "The version of the build containing the new image.");
  DEFINE_string(new_postinstall_config_file, "",
                "A config file specifying postinstall related metadata. "
                "Only allowed in major version 2 or newer.");

  brillo::FlagHelper::Init(argc, argv,
      "Generates a payload to provide to ChromeOS' update_engine.\n\n"
      "This tool can create full payloads and also delta payloads if the src\n"
      "image is provided. It also provides debugging options to apply, sign\n"
      "and verify payloads.");
  Terminator::Init();

  logging::LoggingSettings log_settings;
  log_settings.log_file     = "delta_generator.log";
  log_settings.logging_dest = logging::LOG_TO_SYSTEM_DEBUG_LOG;
  log_settings.lock_log     = logging::LOCK_LOG_FILE;
  log_settings.delete_old   = logging::APPEND_TO_OLD_LOG_FILE;

  logging::InitLogging(log_settings);

  // Initialize the Xz compressor.
  XzCompressInit();

  vector<int> signature_sizes;
  ParseSignatureSizes(FLAGS_signature_size, &signature_sizes);

  if (!FLAGS_out_hash_file.empty() || !FLAGS_out_metadata_hash_file.empty()) {
    CHECK(FLAGS_out_metadata_size_file.empty());
    CalculateHashForSigning(signature_sizes, FLAGS_out_hash_file,
                            FLAGS_out_metadata_hash_file, FLAGS_in_file);
    return 0;
  }
  if (!FLAGS_signature_file.empty()) {
    SignPayload(FLAGS_in_file, FLAGS_out_file, FLAGS_signature_file,
                FLAGS_metadata_signature_file, FLAGS_out_metadata_size_file);
    return 0;
  }
  if (!FLAGS_public_key.empty()) {
    LOG_IF(WARNING, FLAGS_public_key_version != -1)
        << "--public_key_version is deprecated and ignored.";
    return VerifySignedPayload(FLAGS_in_file, FLAGS_public_key);
  }
  if (!FLAGS_properties_file.empty()) {
    return ExtractProperties(FLAGS_in_file, FLAGS_properties_file) ? 0 : 1;
  }

  // A payload generation was requested. Convert the flags to a
  // PayloadGenerationConfig.
  PayloadGenerationConfig payload_config;
  vector<string> partition_names, old_partitions, new_partitions;
  vector<string> old_mapfiles, new_mapfiles;

  if (!FLAGS_old_mapfiles.empty()) {
    old_mapfiles = base::SplitString(
        FLAGS_old_mapfiles, ":", base::TRIM_WHITESPACE, base::SPLIT_WANT_ALL);
  }
  if (!FLAGS_new_mapfiles.empty()) {
    new_mapfiles = base::SplitString(
        FLAGS_new_mapfiles, ":", base::TRIM_WHITESPACE, base::SPLIT_WANT_ALL);
  }

  partition_names =
      base::SplitString(FLAGS_partition_names, ":", base::TRIM_WHITESPACE,
                        base::SPLIT_WANT_ALL);
  CHECK(!partition_names.empty());
  if (FLAGS_major_version == kChromeOSMajorPayloadVersion ||
      FLAGS_new_partitions.empty()) {
    LOG_IF(FATAL, partition_names.size() != 2)
        << "To support more than 2 partitions, please use the "
        << "--new_partitions flag and major version 2.";
    LOG_IF(FATAL, partition_names[0] != kLegacyPartitionNameRoot ||
                  partition_names[1] != kLegacyPartitionNameKernel)
        << "To support non-default partition name, please use the "
        << "--new_partitions flag and major version 2.";
  }

  if (!FLAGS_new_partitions.empty()) {
    LOG_IF(FATAL, !FLAGS_new_image.empty() || !FLAGS_new_kernel.empty())
        << "--new_image and --new_kernel are deprecated, please use "
        << "--new_partitions for all partitions.";
    new_partitions =
        base::SplitString(FLAGS_new_partitions, ":", base::TRIM_WHITESPACE,
                          base::SPLIT_WANT_ALL);
    CHECK(partition_names.size() == new_partitions.size());

    payload_config.is_delta = !FLAGS_old_partitions.empty();
    LOG_IF(FATAL, !FLAGS_old_image.empty() || !FLAGS_old_kernel.empty())
        << "--old_image and --old_kernel are deprecated, please use "
        << "--old_partitions if you are using --new_partitions.";
  } else {
    new_partitions = {FLAGS_new_image, FLAGS_new_kernel};
    LOG(WARNING) << "--new_partitions is empty, using deprecated --new_image "
                 << "and --new_kernel flags.";

    payload_config.is_delta = !FLAGS_old_image.empty() ||
                              !FLAGS_old_kernel.empty();
    LOG_IF(FATAL, !FLAGS_old_partitions.empty())
        << "Please use --new_partitions if you are using --old_partitions.";
  }
  for (size_t i = 0; i < partition_names.size(); i++) {
    LOG_IF(FATAL, partition_names[i].empty())
        << "Partition name can't be empty, see --partition_names.";
    payload_config.target.partitions.emplace_back(partition_names[i]);
    payload_config.target.partitions.back().path = new_partitions[i];
    if (i < new_mapfiles.size())
      payload_config.target.partitions.back().mapfile_path = new_mapfiles[i];
  }

  if (payload_config.is_delta) {
    if (!FLAGS_old_partitions.empty()) {
      old_partitions =
          base::SplitString(FLAGS_old_partitions, ":", base::TRIM_WHITESPACE,
                            base::SPLIT_WANT_ALL);
      CHECK(old_partitions.size() == new_partitions.size());
    } else {
      old_partitions = {FLAGS_old_image, FLAGS_old_kernel};
      LOG(WARNING) << "--old_partitions is empty, using deprecated --old_image "
                   << "and --old_kernel flags.";
    }
    for (size_t i = 0; i < partition_names.size(); i++) {
      payload_config.source.partitions.emplace_back(partition_names[i]);
      payload_config.source.partitions.back().path = old_partitions[i];
      if (i < old_mapfiles.size())
        payload_config.source.partitions.back().mapfile_path = old_mapfiles[i];
    }
  }

  if (!FLAGS_in_file.empty()) {
    return ApplyPayload(FLAGS_in_file, payload_config) ? 0 : 1;
  }

  if (!FLAGS_new_postinstall_config_file.empty()) {
    LOG_IF(FATAL, FLAGS_major_version == kChromeOSMajorPayloadVersion)
        << "Postinstall config is only allowed in major version 2 or newer.";
    brillo::KeyValueStore store;
    CHECK(store.Load(base::FilePath(FLAGS_new_postinstall_config_file)));
    CHECK(payload_config.target.LoadPostInstallConfig(store));
  }

  // Use the default soft_chunk_size defined in the config.
  payload_config.hard_chunk_size = FLAGS_chunk_size;
  payload_config.block_size = kBlockSize;

  // The partition size is never passed to the delta_generator, so we
  // need to detect those from the provided files.
  if (payload_config.is_delta) {
    CHECK(payload_config.source.LoadImageSize());
  }
  CHECK(payload_config.target.LoadImageSize());

  CHECK(!FLAGS_out_file.empty());

  // Ignore failures. These are optional arguments.
  ParseImageInfo(FLAGS_new_channel,
                 FLAGS_new_board,
                 FLAGS_new_version,
                 FLAGS_new_key,
                 FLAGS_new_build_channel,
                 FLAGS_new_build_version,
                 &payload_config.target.image_info);

  // Ignore failures. These are optional arguments.
  ParseImageInfo(FLAGS_old_channel,
                 FLAGS_old_board,
                 FLAGS_old_version,
                 FLAGS_old_key,
                 FLAGS_old_build_channel,
                 FLAGS_old_build_version,
                 &payload_config.source.image_info);

  payload_config.rootfs_partition_size = FLAGS_rootfs_partition_size;

  if (payload_config.is_delta) {
    // Avoid opening the filesystem interface for full payloads.
    for (PartitionConfig& part : payload_config.target.partitions)
      CHECK(part.OpenFilesystem());
    for (PartitionConfig& part : payload_config.source.partitions)
      CHECK(part.OpenFilesystem());
  }

  payload_config.version.major = FLAGS_major_version;
  LOG(INFO) << "Using provided major_version=" << FLAGS_major_version;

  if (FLAGS_minor_version == -1) {
    // Autodetect minor_version by looking at the update_engine.conf in the old
    // image.
    if (payload_config.is_delta) {
      payload_config.version.minor = kInPlaceMinorPayloadVersion;
      brillo::KeyValueStore store;
      uint32_t minor_version;
      for (const PartitionConfig& part : payload_config.source.partitions) {
        if (part.fs_interface && part.fs_interface->LoadSettings(&store) &&
            utils::GetMinorVersion(store, &minor_version)) {
          payload_config.version.minor = minor_version;
          break;
        }
      }
    } else {
      payload_config.version.minor = kFullPayloadMinorVersion;
    }
    LOG(INFO) << "Auto-detected minor_version=" << payload_config.version.minor;
  } else {
    payload_config.version.minor = FLAGS_minor_version;
    LOG(INFO) << "Using provided minor_version=" << FLAGS_minor_version;
  }

  payload_config.max_timestamp = FLAGS_max_timestamp;

  LOG(INFO) << "Generating " << (payload_config.is_delta ? "delta" : "full")
            << " update";

  // From this point, all the options have been parsed.
  if (!payload_config.Validate()) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid options passed. See errors above.";
    return 1;
  }

  uint64_t metadata_size;
  if (!GenerateUpdatePayloadFile(payload_config,
                                 FLAGS_out_file,
                                 FLAGS_private_key,
                                 &metadata_size)) {
    return 1;
  }
  if (!FLAGS_out_metadata_size_file.empty()) {
    string metadata_size_string = std::to_string(metadata_size);
    CHECK(utils::WriteFile(FLAGS_out_metadata_size_file.c_str(),
                           metadata_size_string.data(),
                           metadata_size_string.size()));
  }
  return 0;
}

}  // namespace

}  // namespace chromeos_update_engine

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  return chromeos_update_engine::Main(argc, argv);
}