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1 /*
2  * Runtime locking correctness validator
3  *
4  *  Copyright (C) 2006,2007 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
5  *  Copyright (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc., Peter Zijlstra
6  *
7  * see Documentation/locking/lockdep-design.txt for more details.
8  */
9 #ifndef __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H
10 #define __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H
11 
12 struct task_struct;
13 struct lockdep_map;
14 
15 /* for sysctl */
16 extern int prove_locking;
17 extern int lock_stat;
18 
19 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
20 
21 #include <linux/linkage.h>
22 #include <linux/list.h>
23 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
24 #include <linux/stacktrace.h>
25 
26 /*
27  * We'd rather not expose kernel/lockdep_states.h this wide, but we do need
28  * the total number of states... :-(
29  */
30 #define XXX_LOCK_USAGE_STATES		(1+3*4)
31 
32 #define MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES		8UL
33 
34 /*
35  * NR_LOCKDEP_CACHING_CLASSES ... Number of classes
36  * cached in the instance of lockdep_map
37  *
38  * Currently main class (subclass == 0) and signle depth subclass
39  * are cached in lockdep_map. This optimization is mainly targeting
40  * on rq->lock. double_rq_lock() acquires this highly competitive with
41  * single depth.
42  */
43 #define NR_LOCKDEP_CACHING_CLASSES	2
44 
45 /*
46  * Lock-classes are keyed via unique addresses, by embedding the
47  * lockclass-key into the kernel (or module) .data section. (For
48  * static locks we use the lock address itself as the key.)
49  */
50 struct lockdep_subclass_key {
51 	char __one_byte;
52 } __attribute__ ((__packed__));
53 
54 struct lock_class_key {
55 	struct lockdep_subclass_key	subkeys[MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES];
56 };
57 
58 extern struct lock_class_key __lockdep_no_validate__;
59 
60 #define LOCKSTAT_POINTS		4
61 
62 /*
63  * The lock-class itself:
64  */
65 struct lock_class {
66 	/*
67 	 * class-hash:
68 	 */
69 	struct list_head		hash_entry;
70 
71 	/*
72 	 * global list of all lock-classes:
73 	 */
74 	struct list_head		lock_entry;
75 
76 	struct lockdep_subclass_key	*key;
77 	unsigned int			subclass;
78 	unsigned int			dep_gen_id;
79 
80 	/*
81 	 * IRQ/softirq usage tracking bits:
82 	 */
83 	unsigned long			usage_mask;
84 	struct stack_trace		usage_traces[XXX_LOCK_USAGE_STATES];
85 
86 	/*
87 	 * These fields represent a directed graph of lock dependencies,
88 	 * to every node we attach a list of "forward" and a list of
89 	 * "backward" graph nodes.
90 	 */
91 	struct list_head		locks_after, locks_before;
92 
93 	/*
94 	 * Generation counter, when doing certain classes of graph walking,
95 	 * to ensure that we check one node only once:
96 	 */
97 	unsigned int			version;
98 
99 	/*
100 	 * Statistics counter:
101 	 */
102 	unsigned long			ops;
103 
104 	const char			*name;
105 	int				name_version;
106 
107 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
108 	unsigned long			contention_point[LOCKSTAT_POINTS];
109 	unsigned long			contending_point[LOCKSTAT_POINTS];
110 #endif
111 };
112 
113 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
114 struct lock_time {
115 	s64				min;
116 	s64				max;
117 	s64				total;
118 	unsigned long			nr;
119 };
120 
121 enum bounce_type {
122 	bounce_acquired_write,
123 	bounce_acquired_read,
124 	bounce_contended_write,
125 	bounce_contended_read,
126 	nr_bounce_types,
127 
128 	bounce_acquired = bounce_acquired_write,
129 	bounce_contended = bounce_contended_write,
130 };
131 
132 struct lock_class_stats {
133 	unsigned long			contention_point[LOCKSTAT_POINTS];
134 	unsigned long			contending_point[LOCKSTAT_POINTS];
135 	struct lock_time		read_waittime;
136 	struct lock_time		write_waittime;
137 	struct lock_time		read_holdtime;
138 	struct lock_time		write_holdtime;
139 	unsigned long			bounces[nr_bounce_types];
140 };
141 
142 struct lock_class_stats lock_stats(struct lock_class *class);
143 void clear_lock_stats(struct lock_class *class);
144 #endif
145 
146 /*
147  * Map the lock object (the lock instance) to the lock-class object.
148  * This is embedded into specific lock instances:
149  */
150 struct lockdep_map {
151 	struct lock_class_key		*key;
152 	struct lock_class		*class_cache[NR_LOCKDEP_CACHING_CLASSES];
153 	const char			*name;
154 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
155 	int				cpu;
156 	unsigned long			ip;
157 #endif
158 };
159 
lockdep_copy_map(struct lockdep_map * to,struct lockdep_map * from)160 static inline void lockdep_copy_map(struct lockdep_map *to,
161 				    struct lockdep_map *from)
162 {
163 	int i;
164 
165 	*to = *from;
166 	/*
167 	 * Since the class cache can be modified concurrently we could observe
168 	 * half pointers (64bit arch using 32bit copy insns). Therefore clear
169 	 * the caches and take the performance hit.
170 	 *
171 	 * XXX it doesn't work well with lockdep_set_class_and_subclass(), since
172 	 *     that relies on cache abuse.
173 	 */
174 	for (i = 0; i < NR_LOCKDEP_CACHING_CLASSES; i++)
175 		to->class_cache[i] = NULL;
176 }
177 
178 /*
179  * Every lock has a list of other locks that were taken after it.
180  * We only grow the list, never remove from it:
181  */
182 struct lock_list {
183 	struct list_head		entry;
184 	struct lock_class		*class;
185 	struct stack_trace		trace;
186 	int				distance;
187 
188 	/*
189 	 * The parent field is used to implement breadth-first search, and the
190 	 * bit 0 is reused to indicate if the lock has been accessed in BFS.
191 	 */
192 	struct lock_list		*parent;
193 };
194 
195 /*
196  * We record lock dependency chains, so that we can cache them:
197  */
198 struct lock_chain {
199 	u8				irq_context;
200 	u8				depth;
201 	u16				base;
202 	struct list_head		entry;
203 	u64				chain_key;
204 };
205 
206 #define MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS_BITS		13
207 /*
208  * Subtract one because we offset hlock->class_idx by 1 in order
209  * to make 0 mean no class. This avoids overflowing the class_idx
210  * bitfield and hitting the BUG in hlock_class().
211  */
212 #define MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS		((1UL << MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS_BITS) - 1)
213 
214 struct held_lock {
215 	/*
216 	 * One-way hash of the dependency chain up to this point. We
217 	 * hash the hashes step by step as the dependency chain grows.
218 	 *
219 	 * We use it for dependency-caching and we skip detection
220 	 * passes and dependency-updates if there is a cache-hit, so
221 	 * it is absolutely critical for 100% coverage of the validator
222 	 * to have a unique key value for every unique dependency path
223 	 * that can occur in the system, to make a unique hash value
224 	 * as likely as possible - hence the 64-bit width.
225 	 *
226 	 * The task struct holds the current hash value (initialized
227 	 * with zero), here we store the previous hash value:
228 	 */
229 	u64				prev_chain_key;
230 	unsigned long			acquire_ip;
231 	struct lockdep_map		*instance;
232 	struct lockdep_map		*nest_lock;
233 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
234 	u64 				waittime_stamp;
235 	u64				holdtime_stamp;
236 #endif
237 	unsigned int			class_idx:MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS_BITS;
238 	/*
239 	 * The lock-stack is unified in that the lock chains of interrupt
240 	 * contexts nest ontop of process context chains, but we 'separate'
241 	 * the hashes by starting with 0 if we cross into an interrupt
242 	 * context, and we also keep do not add cross-context lock
243 	 * dependencies - the lock usage graph walking covers that area
244 	 * anyway, and we'd just unnecessarily increase the number of
245 	 * dependencies otherwise. [Note: hardirq and softirq contexts
246 	 * are separated from each other too.]
247 	 *
248 	 * The following field is used to detect when we cross into an
249 	 * interrupt context:
250 	 */
251 	unsigned int irq_context:2; /* bit 0 - soft, bit 1 - hard */
252 	unsigned int trylock:1;						/* 16 bits */
253 
254 	unsigned int read:2;        /* see lock_acquire() comment */
255 	unsigned int check:1;       /* see lock_acquire() comment */
256 	unsigned int hardirqs_off:1;
257 	unsigned int references:12;					/* 32 bits */
258 	unsigned int pin_count;
259 };
260 
261 /*
262  * Initialization, self-test and debugging-output methods:
263  */
264 extern void lockdep_init(void);
265 extern void lockdep_info(void);
266 extern void lockdep_reset(void);
267 extern void lockdep_reset_lock(struct lockdep_map *lock);
268 extern void lockdep_free_key_range(void *start, unsigned long size);
269 extern asmlinkage void lockdep_sys_exit(void);
270 
271 extern void lockdep_off(void);
272 extern void lockdep_on(void);
273 
274 /*
275  * These methods are used by specific locking variants (spinlocks,
276  * rwlocks, mutexes and rwsems) to pass init/acquire/release events
277  * to lockdep:
278  */
279 
280 extern void lockdep_init_map(struct lockdep_map *lock, const char *name,
281 			     struct lock_class_key *key, int subclass);
282 
283 /*
284  * To initialize a lockdep_map statically use this macro.
285  * Note that _name must not be NULL.
286  */
287 #define STATIC_LOCKDEP_MAP_INIT(_name, _key) \
288 	{ .name = (_name), .key = (void *)(_key), }
289 
290 /*
291  * Reinitialize a lock key - for cases where there is special locking or
292  * special initialization of locks so that the validator gets the scope
293  * of dependencies wrong: they are either too broad (they need a class-split)
294  * or they are too narrow (they suffer from a false class-split):
295  */
296 #define lockdep_set_class(lock, key) \
297 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #key, key, 0)
298 #define lockdep_set_class_and_name(lock, key, name) \
299 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, name, key, 0)
300 #define lockdep_set_class_and_subclass(lock, key, sub) \
301 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #key, key, sub)
302 #define lockdep_set_subclass(lock, sub)	\
303 		lockdep_init_map(&(lock)->dep_map, #lock, \
304 				 (lock)->dep_map.key, sub)
305 
306 #define lockdep_set_novalidate_class(lock) \
307 	lockdep_set_class_and_name(lock, &__lockdep_no_validate__, #lock)
308 /*
309  * Compare locking classes
310  */
311 #define lockdep_match_class(lock, key) lockdep_match_key(&(lock)->dep_map, key)
312 
lockdep_match_key(struct lockdep_map * lock,struct lock_class_key * key)313 static inline int lockdep_match_key(struct lockdep_map *lock,
314 				    struct lock_class_key *key)
315 {
316 	return lock->key == key;
317 }
318 
319 /*
320  * Acquire a lock.
321  *
322  * Values for "read":
323  *
324  *   0: exclusive (write) acquire
325  *   1: read-acquire (no recursion allowed)
326  *   2: read-acquire with same-instance recursion allowed
327  *
328  * Values for check:
329  *
330  *   0: simple checks (freeing, held-at-exit-time, etc.)
331  *   1: full validation
332  */
333 extern void lock_acquire(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned int subclass,
334 			 int trylock, int read, int check,
335 			 struct lockdep_map *nest_lock, unsigned long ip);
336 
337 extern void lock_release(struct lockdep_map *lock, int nested,
338 			 unsigned long ip);
339 
340 #define lockdep_is_held(lock)	lock_is_held(&(lock)->dep_map)
341 
342 extern int lock_is_held(struct lockdep_map *lock);
343 
344 extern void lock_set_class(struct lockdep_map *lock, const char *name,
345 			   struct lock_class_key *key, unsigned int subclass,
346 			   unsigned long ip);
347 
lock_set_subclass(struct lockdep_map * lock,unsigned int subclass,unsigned long ip)348 static inline void lock_set_subclass(struct lockdep_map *lock,
349 		unsigned int subclass, unsigned long ip)
350 {
351 	lock_set_class(lock, lock->name, lock->key, subclass, ip);
352 }
353 
354 extern void lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(gfp_t gfp_mask);
355 extern void lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state(void);
356 extern void lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_t mask);
357 
358 extern void lock_pin_lock(struct lockdep_map *lock);
359 extern void lock_unpin_lock(struct lockdep_map *lock);
360 
361 # define INIT_LOCKDEP				.lockdep_recursion = 0, .lockdep_reclaim_gfp = 0,
362 
363 #define lockdep_depth(tsk)	(debug_locks ? (tsk)->lockdep_depth : 0)
364 
365 #define lockdep_assert_held(l)	do {				\
366 		WARN_ON(debug_locks && !lockdep_is_held(l));	\
367 	} while (0)
368 
369 #define lockdep_assert_held_once(l)	do {				\
370 		WARN_ON_ONCE(debug_locks && !lockdep_is_held(l));	\
371 	} while (0)
372 
373 #define lockdep_recursing(tsk)	((tsk)->lockdep_recursion)
374 
375 #define lockdep_pin_lock(l)		lock_pin_lock(&(l)->dep_map)
376 #define lockdep_unpin_lock(l)	lock_unpin_lock(&(l)->dep_map)
377 
378 #else /* !CONFIG_LOCKDEP */
379 
lockdep_off(void)380 static inline void lockdep_off(void)
381 {
382 }
383 
lockdep_on(void)384 static inline void lockdep_on(void)
385 {
386 }
387 
388 # define lock_acquire(l, s, t, r, c, n, i)	do { } while (0)
389 # define lock_release(l, n, i)			do { } while (0)
390 # define lock_set_class(l, n, k, s, i)		do { } while (0)
391 # define lock_set_subclass(l, s, i)		do { } while (0)
392 # define lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(g)	do { } while (0)
393 # define lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state()	do { } while (0)
394 # define lockdep_trace_alloc(g)			do { } while (0)
395 # define lockdep_init()				do { } while (0)
396 # define lockdep_info()				do { } while (0)
397 # define lockdep_init_map(lock, name, key, sub) \
398 		do { (void)(name); (void)(key); } while (0)
399 # define lockdep_set_class(lock, key)		do { (void)(key); } while (0)
400 # define lockdep_set_class_and_name(lock, key, name) \
401 		do { (void)(key); (void)(name); } while (0)
402 #define lockdep_set_class_and_subclass(lock, key, sub) \
403 		do { (void)(key); } while (0)
404 #define lockdep_set_subclass(lock, sub)		do { } while (0)
405 
406 #define lockdep_set_novalidate_class(lock) do { } while (0)
407 
408 /*
409  * We don't define lockdep_match_class() and lockdep_match_key() for !LOCKDEP
410  * case since the result is not well defined and the caller should rather
411  * #ifdef the call himself.
412  */
413 
414 # define INIT_LOCKDEP
415 # define lockdep_reset()		do { debug_locks = 1; } while (0)
416 # define lockdep_free_key_range(start, size)	do { } while (0)
417 # define lockdep_sys_exit() 			do { } while (0)
418 /*
419  * The class key takes no space if lockdep is disabled:
420  */
421 struct lock_class_key { };
422 
423 #define lockdep_depth(tsk)	(0)
424 
425 #define lockdep_assert_held(l)			do { (void)(l); } while (0)
426 #define lockdep_assert_held_once(l)		do { (void)(l); } while (0)
427 
428 #define lockdep_recursing(tsk)			(0)
429 
430 #define lockdep_pin_lock(l)				do { (void)(l); } while (0)
431 #define lockdep_unpin_lock(l)			do { (void)(l); } while (0)
432 
433 #endif /* !LOCKDEP */
434 
435 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
436 
437 extern void lock_contended(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned long ip);
438 extern void lock_acquired(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned long ip);
439 
440 #define LOCK_CONTENDED(_lock, try, lock)			\
441 do {								\
442 	if (!try(_lock)) {					\
443 		lock_contended(&(_lock)->dep_map, _RET_IP_);	\
444 		lock(_lock);					\
445 	}							\
446 	lock_acquired(&(_lock)->dep_map, _RET_IP_);			\
447 } while (0)
448 
449 #else /* CONFIG_LOCK_STAT */
450 
451 #define lock_contended(lockdep_map, ip) do {} while (0)
452 #define lock_acquired(lockdep_map, ip) do {} while (0)
453 
454 #define LOCK_CONTENDED(_lock, try, lock) \
455 	lock(_lock)
456 
457 #endif /* CONFIG_LOCK_STAT */
458 
459 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
460 
461 /*
462  * On lockdep we dont want the hand-coded irq-enable of
463  * _raw_*_lock_flags() code, because lockdep assumes
464  * that interrupts are not re-enabled during lock-acquire:
465  */
466 #define LOCK_CONTENDED_FLAGS(_lock, try, lock, lockfl, flags) \
467 	LOCK_CONTENDED((_lock), (try), (lock))
468 
469 #else /* CONFIG_LOCKDEP */
470 
471 #define LOCK_CONTENDED_FLAGS(_lock, try, lock, lockfl, flags) \
472 	lockfl((_lock), (flags))
473 
474 #endif /* CONFIG_LOCKDEP */
475 
476 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
477 extern void print_irqtrace_events(struct task_struct *curr);
478 #else
print_irqtrace_events(struct task_struct * curr)479 static inline void print_irqtrace_events(struct task_struct *curr)
480 {
481 }
482 #endif
483 
484 /*
485  * For trivial one-depth nesting of a lock-class, the following
486  * global define can be used. (Subsystems with multiple levels
487  * of nesting should define their own lock-nesting subclasses.)
488  */
489 #define SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING			1
490 
491 /*
492  * Map the dependency ops to NOP or to real lockdep ops, depending
493  * on the per lock-class debug mode:
494  */
495 
496 #define lock_acquire_exclusive(l, s, t, n, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 0, 1, n, i)
497 #define lock_acquire_shared(l, s, t, n, i)		lock_acquire(l, s, t, 1, 1, n, i)
498 #define lock_acquire_shared_recursive(l, s, t, n, i)	lock_acquire(l, s, t, 2, 1, n, i)
499 
500 #define spin_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire_exclusive(l, s, t, NULL, i)
501 #define spin_acquire_nest(l, s, t, n, i)	lock_acquire_exclusive(l, s, t, n, i)
502 #define spin_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
503 
504 #define rwlock_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire_exclusive(l, s, t, NULL, i)
505 #define rwlock_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire_shared_recursive(l, s, t, NULL, i)
506 #define rwlock_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
507 
508 #define seqcount_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire_exclusive(l, s, t, NULL, i)
509 #define seqcount_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)	lock_acquire_shared_recursive(l, s, t, NULL, i)
510 #define seqcount_release(l, n, i)		lock_release(l, n, i)
511 
512 #define mutex_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire_exclusive(l, s, t, NULL, i)
513 #define mutex_acquire_nest(l, s, t, n, i)	lock_acquire_exclusive(l, s, t, n, i)
514 #define mutex_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
515 
516 #define rwsem_acquire(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire_exclusive(l, s, t, NULL, i)
517 #define rwsem_acquire_nest(l, s, t, n, i)	lock_acquire_exclusive(l, s, t, n, i)
518 #define rwsem_acquire_read(l, s, t, i)		lock_acquire_shared(l, s, t, NULL, i)
519 #define rwsem_release(l, n, i)			lock_release(l, n, i)
520 
521 #define lock_map_acquire(l)			lock_acquire_exclusive(l, 0, 0, NULL, _THIS_IP_)
522 #define lock_map_acquire_read(l)		lock_acquire_shared_recursive(l, 0, 0, NULL, _THIS_IP_)
523 #define lock_map_acquire_tryread(l)		lock_acquire_shared_recursive(l, 0, 1, NULL, _THIS_IP_)
524 #define lock_map_release(l)			lock_release(l, 1, _THIS_IP_)
525 
526 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
527 # define might_lock(lock) 						\
528 do {									\
529 	typecheck(struct lockdep_map *, &(lock)->dep_map);		\
530 	lock_acquire(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, 0, 0, 1, NULL, _THIS_IP_);	\
531 	lock_release(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, _THIS_IP_);			\
532 } while (0)
533 # define might_lock_read(lock) 						\
534 do {									\
535 	typecheck(struct lockdep_map *, &(lock)->dep_map);		\
536 	lock_acquire(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, 0, 1, 1, NULL, _THIS_IP_);	\
537 	lock_release(&(lock)->dep_map, 0, _THIS_IP_);			\
538 } while (0)
539 #else
540 # define might_lock(lock) do { } while (0)
541 # define might_lock_read(lock) do { } while (0)
542 #endif
543 
544 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
545 void lockdep_rcu_suspicious(const char *file, const int line, const char *s);
546 #else
547 static inline void
lockdep_rcu_suspicious(const char * file,const int line,const char * s)548 lockdep_rcu_suspicious(const char *file, const int line, const char *s)
549 {
550 }
551 #endif
552 
553 #endif /* __LINUX_LOCKDEP_H */
554