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1 /* Simple test of virtio code, entirely in userpsace. */
2 #define _GNU_SOURCE
3 #include <sched.h>
4 #include <err.h>
5 #include <linux/kernel.h>
6 #include <linux/err.h>
7 #include <linux/virtio.h>
8 #include <linux/vringh.h>
9 #include <linux/virtio_ring.h>
10 #include <linux/virtio_config.h>
11 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
12 #include <sys/types.h>
13 #include <sys/stat.h>
14 #include <sys/mman.h>
15 #include <sys/wait.h>
16 #include <fcntl.h>
17 
18 #define USER_MEM (1024*1024)
19 void *__user_addr_min, *__user_addr_max;
20 void *__kmalloc_fake, *__kfree_ignore_start, *__kfree_ignore_end;
21 static u64 user_addr_offset;
22 
23 #define RINGSIZE 256
24 #define ALIGN 4096
25 
never_notify_host(struct virtqueue * vq)26 static bool never_notify_host(struct virtqueue *vq)
27 {
28 	abort();
29 }
30 
never_callback_guest(struct virtqueue * vq)31 static void never_callback_guest(struct virtqueue *vq)
32 {
33 	abort();
34 }
35 
getrange_iov(struct vringh * vrh,u64 addr,struct vringh_range * r)36 static bool getrange_iov(struct vringh *vrh, u64 addr, struct vringh_range *r)
37 {
38 	if (addr < (u64)(unsigned long)__user_addr_min - user_addr_offset)
39 		return false;
40 	if (addr >= (u64)(unsigned long)__user_addr_max - user_addr_offset)
41 		return false;
42 
43 	r->start = (u64)(unsigned long)__user_addr_min - user_addr_offset;
44 	r->end_incl = (u64)(unsigned long)__user_addr_max - 1 - user_addr_offset;
45 	r->offset = user_addr_offset;
46 	return true;
47 }
48 
49 /* We return single byte ranges. */
getrange_slow(struct vringh * vrh,u64 addr,struct vringh_range * r)50 static bool getrange_slow(struct vringh *vrh, u64 addr, struct vringh_range *r)
51 {
52 	if (addr < (u64)(unsigned long)__user_addr_min - user_addr_offset)
53 		return false;
54 	if (addr >= (u64)(unsigned long)__user_addr_max - user_addr_offset)
55 		return false;
56 
57 	r->start = addr;
58 	r->end_incl = r->start;
59 	r->offset = user_addr_offset;
60 	return true;
61 }
62 
63 struct guest_virtio_device {
64 	struct virtio_device vdev;
65 	int to_host_fd;
66 	unsigned long notifies;
67 };
68 
parallel_notify_host(struct virtqueue * vq)69 static bool parallel_notify_host(struct virtqueue *vq)
70 {
71 	int rc;
72 	struct guest_virtio_device *gvdev;
73 
74 	gvdev = container_of(vq->vdev, struct guest_virtio_device, vdev);
75 	rc = write(gvdev->to_host_fd, "", 1);
76 	if (rc < 0)
77 		return false;
78 	gvdev->notifies++;
79 	return true;
80 }
81 
no_notify_host(struct virtqueue * vq)82 static bool no_notify_host(struct virtqueue *vq)
83 {
84 	return true;
85 }
86 
87 #define NUM_XFERS (10000000)
88 
89 /* We aim for two "distant" cpus. */
find_cpus(unsigned int * first,unsigned int * last)90 static void find_cpus(unsigned int *first, unsigned int *last)
91 {
92 	unsigned int i;
93 
94 	*first = -1U;
95 	*last = 0;
96 	for (i = 0; i < 4096; i++) {
97 		cpu_set_t set;
98 		CPU_ZERO(&set);
99 		CPU_SET(i, &set);
100 		if (sched_setaffinity(getpid(), sizeof(set), &set) == 0) {
101 			if (i < *first)
102 				*first = i;
103 			if (i > *last)
104 				*last = i;
105 		}
106 	}
107 }
108 
109 /* Opencoded version for fast mode */
vringh_get_head(struct vringh * vrh,u16 * head)110 static inline int vringh_get_head(struct vringh *vrh, u16 *head)
111 {
112 	u16 avail_idx, i;
113 	int err;
114 
115 	err = get_user(avail_idx, &vrh->vring.avail->idx);
116 	if (err)
117 		return err;
118 
119 	if (vrh->last_avail_idx == avail_idx)
120 		return 0;
121 
122 	/* Only get avail ring entries after they have been exposed by guest. */
123 	virtio_rmb(vrh->weak_barriers);
124 
125 	i = vrh->last_avail_idx & (vrh->vring.num - 1);
126 
127 	err = get_user(*head, &vrh->vring.avail->ring[i]);
128 	if (err)
129 		return err;
130 
131 	vrh->last_avail_idx++;
132 	return 1;
133 }
134 
parallel_test(u64 features,bool (* getrange)(struct vringh * vrh,u64 addr,struct vringh_range * r),bool fast_vringh)135 static int parallel_test(u64 features,
136 			 bool (*getrange)(struct vringh *vrh,
137 					  u64 addr, struct vringh_range *r),
138 			 bool fast_vringh)
139 {
140 	void *host_map, *guest_map;
141 	int fd, mapsize, to_guest[2], to_host[2];
142 	unsigned long xfers = 0, notifies = 0, receives = 0;
143 	unsigned int first_cpu, last_cpu;
144 	cpu_set_t cpu_set;
145 	char buf[128];
146 
147 	/* Create real file to mmap. */
148 	fd = open("/tmp/vringh_test-file", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0600);
149 	if (fd < 0)
150 		err(1, "Opening /tmp/vringh_test-file");
151 
152 	/* Extra room at the end for some data, and indirects */
153 	mapsize = vring_size(RINGSIZE, ALIGN)
154 		+ RINGSIZE * 2 * sizeof(int)
155 		+ RINGSIZE * 6 * sizeof(struct vring_desc);
156 	mapsize = (mapsize + getpagesize() - 1) & ~(getpagesize() - 1);
157 	ftruncate(fd, mapsize);
158 
159 	/* Parent and child use separate addresses, to check our mapping logic! */
160 	host_map = mmap(NULL, mapsize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
161 	guest_map = mmap(NULL, mapsize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
162 
163 	pipe(to_guest);
164 	pipe(to_host);
165 
166 	CPU_ZERO(&cpu_set);
167 	find_cpus(&first_cpu, &last_cpu);
168 	printf("Using CPUS %u and %u\n", first_cpu, last_cpu);
169 	fflush(stdout);
170 
171 	if (fork() != 0) {
172 		struct vringh vrh;
173 		int status, err, rlen = 0;
174 		char rbuf[5];
175 
176 		/* We are the host: never access guest addresses! */
177 		munmap(guest_map, mapsize);
178 
179 		__user_addr_min = host_map;
180 		__user_addr_max = __user_addr_min + mapsize;
181 		user_addr_offset = host_map - guest_map;
182 		assert(user_addr_offset);
183 
184 		close(to_guest[0]);
185 		close(to_host[1]);
186 
187 		vring_init(&vrh.vring, RINGSIZE, host_map, ALIGN);
188 		vringh_init_user(&vrh, features, RINGSIZE, true,
189 				 vrh.vring.desc, vrh.vring.avail, vrh.vring.used);
190 		CPU_SET(first_cpu, &cpu_set);
191 		if (sched_setaffinity(getpid(), sizeof(cpu_set), &cpu_set))
192 			errx(1, "Could not set affinity to cpu %u", first_cpu);
193 
194 		while (xfers < NUM_XFERS) {
195 			struct iovec host_riov[2], host_wiov[2];
196 			struct vringh_iov riov, wiov;
197 			u16 head, written;
198 
199 			if (fast_vringh) {
200 				for (;;) {
201 					err = vringh_get_head(&vrh, &head);
202 					if (err != 0)
203 						break;
204 					err = vringh_need_notify_user(&vrh);
205 					if (err < 0)
206 						errx(1, "vringh_need_notify_user: %i",
207 						     err);
208 					if (err) {
209 						write(to_guest[1], "", 1);
210 						notifies++;
211 					}
212 				}
213 				if (err != 1)
214 					errx(1, "vringh_get_head");
215 				written = 0;
216 				goto complete;
217 			} else {
218 				vringh_iov_init(&riov,
219 						host_riov,
220 						ARRAY_SIZE(host_riov));
221 				vringh_iov_init(&wiov,
222 						host_wiov,
223 						ARRAY_SIZE(host_wiov));
224 
225 				err = vringh_getdesc_user(&vrh, &riov, &wiov,
226 							  getrange, &head);
227 			}
228 			if (err == 0) {
229 				err = vringh_need_notify_user(&vrh);
230 				if (err < 0)
231 					errx(1, "vringh_need_notify_user: %i",
232 					     err);
233 				if (err) {
234 					write(to_guest[1], "", 1);
235 					notifies++;
236 				}
237 
238 				if (!vringh_notify_enable_user(&vrh))
239 					continue;
240 
241 				/* Swallow all notifies at once. */
242 				if (read(to_host[0], buf, sizeof(buf)) < 1)
243 					break;
244 
245 				vringh_notify_disable_user(&vrh);
246 				receives++;
247 				continue;
248 			}
249 			if (err != 1)
250 				errx(1, "vringh_getdesc_user: %i", err);
251 
252 			/* We simply copy bytes. */
253 			if (riov.used) {
254 				rlen = vringh_iov_pull_user(&riov, rbuf,
255 							    sizeof(rbuf));
256 				if (rlen != 4)
257 					errx(1, "vringh_iov_pull_user: %i",
258 					     rlen);
259 				assert(riov.i == riov.used);
260 				written = 0;
261 			} else {
262 				err = vringh_iov_push_user(&wiov, rbuf, rlen);
263 				if (err != rlen)
264 					errx(1, "vringh_iov_push_user: %i",
265 					     err);
266 				assert(wiov.i == wiov.used);
267 				written = err;
268 			}
269 		complete:
270 			xfers++;
271 
272 			err = vringh_complete_user(&vrh, head, written);
273 			if (err != 0)
274 				errx(1, "vringh_complete_user: %i", err);
275 		}
276 
277 		err = vringh_need_notify_user(&vrh);
278 		if (err < 0)
279 			errx(1, "vringh_need_notify_user: %i", err);
280 		if (err) {
281 			write(to_guest[1], "", 1);
282 			notifies++;
283 		}
284 		wait(&status);
285 		if (!WIFEXITED(status))
286 			errx(1, "Child died with signal %i?", WTERMSIG(status));
287 		if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0)
288 			errx(1, "Child exited %i?", WEXITSTATUS(status));
289 		printf("Host: notified %lu, pinged %lu\n", notifies, receives);
290 		return 0;
291 	} else {
292 		struct guest_virtio_device gvdev;
293 		struct virtqueue *vq;
294 		unsigned int *data;
295 		struct vring_desc *indirects;
296 		unsigned int finished = 0;
297 
298 		/* We pass sg[]s pointing into here, but we need RINGSIZE+1 */
299 		data = guest_map + vring_size(RINGSIZE, ALIGN);
300 		indirects = (void *)data + (RINGSIZE + 1) * 2 * sizeof(int);
301 
302 		/* We are the guest. */
303 		munmap(host_map, mapsize);
304 
305 		close(to_guest[1]);
306 		close(to_host[0]);
307 
308 		gvdev.vdev.features = features;
309 		gvdev.to_host_fd = to_host[1];
310 		gvdev.notifies = 0;
311 
312 		CPU_SET(first_cpu, &cpu_set);
313 		if (sched_setaffinity(getpid(), sizeof(cpu_set), &cpu_set))
314 			err(1, "Could not set affinity to cpu %u", first_cpu);
315 
316 		vq = vring_new_virtqueue(0, RINGSIZE, ALIGN, &gvdev.vdev, true,
317 					 guest_map, fast_vringh ? no_notify_host
318 					 : parallel_notify_host,
319 					 never_callback_guest, "guest vq");
320 
321 		/* Don't kfree indirects. */
322 		__kfree_ignore_start = indirects;
323 		__kfree_ignore_end = indirects + RINGSIZE * 6;
324 
325 		while (xfers < NUM_XFERS) {
326 			struct scatterlist sg[4];
327 			unsigned int num_sg, len;
328 			int *dbuf, err;
329 			bool output = !(xfers % 2);
330 
331 			/* Consume bufs. */
332 			while ((dbuf = virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &len)) != NULL) {
333 				if (len == 4)
334 					assert(*dbuf == finished - 1);
335 				else if (!fast_vringh)
336 					assert(*dbuf == finished);
337 				finished++;
338 			}
339 
340 			/* Produce a buffer. */
341 			dbuf = data + (xfers % (RINGSIZE + 1));
342 
343 			if (output)
344 				*dbuf = xfers;
345 			else
346 				*dbuf = -1;
347 
348 			switch ((xfers / sizeof(*dbuf)) % 4) {
349 			case 0:
350 				/* Nasty three-element sg list. */
351 				sg_init_table(sg, num_sg = 3);
352 				sg_set_buf(&sg[0], (void *)dbuf, 1);
353 				sg_set_buf(&sg[1], (void *)dbuf + 1, 2);
354 				sg_set_buf(&sg[2], (void *)dbuf + 3, 1);
355 				break;
356 			case 1:
357 				sg_init_table(sg, num_sg = 2);
358 				sg_set_buf(&sg[0], (void *)dbuf, 1);
359 				sg_set_buf(&sg[1], (void *)dbuf + 1, 3);
360 				break;
361 			case 2:
362 				sg_init_table(sg, num_sg = 1);
363 				sg_set_buf(&sg[0], (void *)dbuf, 4);
364 				break;
365 			case 3:
366 				sg_init_table(sg, num_sg = 4);
367 				sg_set_buf(&sg[0], (void *)dbuf, 1);
368 				sg_set_buf(&sg[1], (void *)dbuf + 1, 1);
369 				sg_set_buf(&sg[2], (void *)dbuf + 2, 1);
370 				sg_set_buf(&sg[3], (void *)dbuf + 3, 1);
371 				break;
372 			}
373 
374 			/* May allocate an indirect, so force it to allocate
375 			 * user addr */
376 			__kmalloc_fake = indirects + (xfers % RINGSIZE) * 4;
377 			if (output)
378 				err = virtqueue_add_outbuf(vq, sg, num_sg, dbuf,
379 							   GFP_KERNEL);
380 			else
381 				err = virtqueue_add_inbuf(vq, sg, num_sg,
382 							  dbuf, GFP_KERNEL);
383 
384 			if (err == -ENOSPC) {
385 				if (!virtqueue_enable_cb_delayed(vq))
386 					continue;
387 				/* Swallow all notifies at once. */
388 				if (read(to_guest[0], buf, sizeof(buf)) < 1)
389 					break;
390 
391 				receives++;
392 				virtqueue_disable_cb(vq);
393 				continue;
394 			}
395 
396 			if (err)
397 				errx(1, "virtqueue_add_in/outbuf: %i", err);
398 
399 			xfers++;
400 			virtqueue_kick(vq);
401 		}
402 
403 		/* Any extra? */
404 		while (finished != xfers) {
405 			int *dbuf;
406 			unsigned int len;
407 
408 			/* Consume bufs. */
409 			dbuf = virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &len);
410 			if (dbuf) {
411 				if (len == 4)
412 					assert(*dbuf == finished - 1);
413 				else
414 					assert(len == 0);
415 				finished++;
416 				continue;
417 			}
418 
419 			if (!virtqueue_enable_cb_delayed(vq))
420 				continue;
421 			if (read(to_guest[0], buf, sizeof(buf)) < 1)
422 				break;
423 
424 			receives++;
425 			virtqueue_disable_cb(vq);
426 		}
427 
428 		printf("Guest: notified %lu, pinged %lu\n",
429 		       gvdev.notifies, receives);
430 		vring_del_virtqueue(vq);
431 		return 0;
432 	}
433 }
434 
main(int argc,char * argv[])435 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
436 {
437 	struct virtio_device vdev;
438 	struct virtqueue *vq;
439 	struct vringh vrh;
440 	struct scatterlist guest_sg[RINGSIZE], *sgs[2];
441 	struct iovec host_riov[2], host_wiov[2];
442 	struct vringh_iov riov, wiov;
443 	struct vring_used_elem used[RINGSIZE];
444 	char buf[28];
445 	u16 head;
446 	int err;
447 	unsigned i;
448 	void *ret;
449 	bool (*getrange)(struct vringh *vrh, u64 addr, struct vringh_range *r);
450 	bool fast_vringh = false, parallel = false;
451 
452 	getrange = getrange_iov;
453 	vdev.features = 0;
454 
455 	while (argv[1]) {
456 		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--indirect") == 0)
457 			__virtio_set_bit(&vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC);
458 		else if (strcmp(argv[1], "--eventidx") == 0)
459 			__virtio_set_bit(&vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX);
460 		else if (strcmp(argv[1], "--virtio-1") == 0)
461 			__virtio_set_bit(&vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1);
462 		else if (strcmp(argv[1], "--slow-range") == 0)
463 			getrange = getrange_slow;
464 		else if (strcmp(argv[1], "--fast-vringh") == 0)
465 			fast_vringh = true;
466 		else if (strcmp(argv[1], "--parallel") == 0)
467 			parallel = true;
468 		else
469 			errx(1, "Unknown arg %s", argv[1]);
470 		argv++;
471 	}
472 
473 	if (parallel)
474 		return parallel_test(vdev.features, getrange, fast_vringh);
475 
476 	if (posix_memalign(&__user_addr_min, PAGE_SIZE, USER_MEM) != 0)
477 		abort();
478 	__user_addr_max = __user_addr_min + USER_MEM;
479 	memset(__user_addr_min, 0, vring_size(RINGSIZE, ALIGN));
480 
481 	/* Set up guest side. */
482 	vq = vring_new_virtqueue(0, RINGSIZE, ALIGN, &vdev, true,
483 				 __user_addr_min,
484 				 never_notify_host, never_callback_guest,
485 				 "guest vq");
486 
487 	/* Set up host side. */
488 	vring_init(&vrh.vring, RINGSIZE, __user_addr_min, ALIGN);
489 	vringh_init_user(&vrh, vdev.features, RINGSIZE, true,
490 			 vrh.vring.desc, vrh.vring.avail, vrh.vring.used);
491 
492 	/* No descriptor to get yet... */
493 	err = vringh_getdesc_user(&vrh, &riov, &wiov, getrange, &head);
494 	if (err != 0)
495 		errx(1, "vringh_getdesc_user: %i", err);
496 
497 	/* Guest puts in a descriptor. */
498 	memcpy(__user_addr_max - 1, "a", 1);
499 	sg_init_table(guest_sg, 1);
500 	sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[0], __user_addr_max - 1, 1);
501 	sg_init_table(guest_sg+1, 1);
502 	sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[1], __user_addr_max - 3, 2);
503 	sgs[0] = &guest_sg[0];
504 	sgs[1] = &guest_sg[1];
505 
506 	/* May allocate an indirect, so force it to allocate user addr */
507 	__kmalloc_fake = __user_addr_min + vring_size(RINGSIZE, ALIGN);
508 	err = virtqueue_add_sgs(vq, sgs, 1, 1, &err, GFP_KERNEL);
509 	if (err)
510 		errx(1, "virtqueue_add_sgs: %i", err);
511 	__kmalloc_fake = NULL;
512 
513 	/* Host retreives it. */
514 	vringh_iov_init(&riov, host_riov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_riov));
515 	vringh_iov_init(&wiov, host_wiov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_wiov));
516 
517 	err = vringh_getdesc_user(&vrh, &riov, &wiov, getrange, &head);
518 	if (err != 1)
519 		errx(1, "vringh_getdesc_user: %i", err);
520 
521 	assert(riov.used == 1);
522 	assert(riov.iov[0].iov_base == __user_addr_max - 1);
523 	assert(riov.iov[0].iov_len == 1);
524 	if (getrange != getrange_slow) {
525 		assert(wiov.used == 1);
526 		assert(wiov.iov[0].iov_base == __user_addr_max - 3);
527 		assert(wiov.iov[0].iov_len == 2);
528 	} else {
529 		assert(wiov.used == 2);
530 		assert(wiov.iov[0].iov_base == __user_addr_max - 3);
531 		assert(wiov.iov[0].iov_len == 1);
532 		assert(wiov.iov[1].iov_base == __user_addr_max - 2);
533 		assert(wiov.iov[1].iov_len == 1);
534 	}
535 
536 	err = vringh_iov_pull_user(&riov, buf, 5);
537 	if (err != 1)
538 		errx(1, "vringh_iov_pull_user: %i", err);
539 	assert(buf[0] == 'a');
540 	assert(riov.i == 1);
541 	assert(vringh_iov_pull_user(&riov, buf, 5) == 0);
542 
543 	memcpy(buf, "bcdef", 5);
544 	err = vringh_iov_push_user(&wiov, buf, 5);
545 	if (err != 2)
546 		errx(1, "vringh_iov_push_user: %i", err);
547 	assert(memcmp(__user_addr_max - 3, "bc", 2) == 0);
548 	assert(wiov.i == wiov.used);
549 	assert(vringh_iov_push_user(&wiov, buf, 5) == 0);
550 
551 	/* Host is done. */
552 	err = vringh_complete_user(&vrh, head, err);
553 	if (err != 0)
554 		errx(1, "vringh_complete_user: %i", err);
555 
556 	/* Guest should see used token now. */
557 	__kfree_ignore_start = __user_addr_min + vring_size(RINGSIZE, ALIGN);
558 	__kfree_ignore_end = __kfree_ignore_start + 1;
559 	ret = virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &i);
560 	if (ret != &err)
561 		errx(1, "virtqueue_get_buf: %p", ret);
562 	assert(i == 2);
563 
564 	/* Guest puts in a huge descriptor. */
565 	sg_init_table(guest_sg, RINGSIZE);
566 	for (i = 0; i < RINGSIZE; i++) {
567 		sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[i],
568 			   __user_addr_max - USER_MEM/4, USER_MEM/4);
569 	}
570 
571 	/* Fill contents with recognisable garbage. */
572 	for (i = 0; i < USER_MEM/4; i++)
573 		((char *)__user_addr_max - USER_MEM/4)[i] = i;
574 
575 	/* This will allocate an indirect, so force it to allocate user addr */
576 	__kmalloc_fake = __user_addr_min + vring_size(RINGSIZE, ALIGN);
577 	err = virtqueue_add_outbuf(vq, guest_sg, RINGSIZE, &err, GFP_KERNEL);
578 	if (err)
579 		errx(1, "virtqueue_add_outbuf (large): %i", err);
580 	__kmalloc_fake = NULL;
581 
582 	/* Host picks it up (allocates new iov). */
583 	vringh_iov_init(&riov, host_riov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_riov));
584 	vringh_iov_init(&wiov, host_wiov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_wiov));
585 
586 	err = vringh_getdesc_user(&vrh, &riov, &wiov, getrange, &head);
587 	if (err != 1)
588 		errx(1, "vringh_getdesc_user: %i", err);
589 
590 	assert(riov.max_num & VRINGH_IOV_ALLOCATED);
591 	assert(riov.iov != host_riov);
592 	if (getrange != getrange_slow)
593 		assert(riov.used == RINGSIZE);
594 	else
595 		assert(riov.used == RINGSIZE * USER_MEM/4);
596 
597 	assert(!(wiov.max_num & VRINGH_IOV_ALLOCATED));
598 	assert(wiov.used == 0);
599 
600 	/* Pull data back out (in odd chunks), should be as expected. */
601 	for (i = 0; i < RINGSIZE * USER_MEM/4; i += 3) {
602 		err = vringh_iov_pull_user(&riov, buf, 3);
603 		if (err != 3 && i + err != RINGSIZE * USER_MEM/4)
604 			errx(1, "vringh_iov_pull_user large: %i", err);
605 		assert(buf[0] == (char)i);
606 		assert(err < 2 || buf[1] == (char)(i + 1));
607 		assert(err < 3 || buf[2] == (char)(i + 2));
608 	}
609 	assert(riov.i == riov.used);
610 	vringh_iov_cleanup(&riov);
611 	vringh_iov_cleanup(&wiov);
612 
613 	/* Complete using multi interface, just because we can. */
614 	used[0].id = head;
615 	used[0].len = 0;
616 	err = vringh_complete_multi_user(&vrh, used, 1);
617 	if (err)
618 		errx(1, "vringh_complete_multi_user(1): %i", err);
619 
620 	/* Free up those descriptors. */
621 	ret = virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &i);
622 	if (ret != &err)
623 		errx(1, "virtqueue_get_buf: %p", ret);
624 
625 	/* Add lots of descriptors. */
626 	sg_init_table(guest_sg, 1);
627 	sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[0], __user_addr_max - 1, 1);
628 	for (i = 0; i < RINGSIZE; i++) {
629 		err = virtqueue_add_outbuf(vq, guest_sg, 1, &err, GFP_KERNEL);
630 		if (err)
631 			errx(1, "virtqueue_add_outbuf (multiple): %i", err);
632 	}
633 
634 	/* Now get many, and consume them all at once. */
635 	vringh_iov_init(&riov, host_riov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_riov));
636 	vringh_iov_init(&wiov, host_wiov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_wiov));
637 
638 	for (i = 0; i < RINGSIZE; i++) {
639 		err = vringh_getdesc_user(&vrh, &riov, &wiov, getrange, &head);
640 		if (err != 1)
641 			errx(1, "vringh_getdesc_user: %i", err);
642 		used[i].id = head;
643 		used[i].len = 0;
644 	}
645 	/* Make sure it wraps around ring, to test! */
646 	assert(vrh.vring.used->idx % RINGSIZE != 0);
647 	err = vringh_complete_multi_user(&vrh, used, RINGSIZE);
648 	if (err)
649 		errx(1, "vringh_complete_multi_user: %i", err);
650 
651 	/* Free those buffers. */
652 	for (i = 0; i < RINGSIZE; i++) {
653 		unsigned len;
654 		assert(virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &len) != NULL);
655 	}
656 
657 	/* Test weird (but legal!) indirect. */
658 	if (__virtio_test_bit(&vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC)) {
659 		char *data = __user_addr_max - USER_MEM/4;
660 		struct vring_desc *d = __user_addr_max - USER_MEM/2;
661 		struct vring vring;
662 
663 		/* Force creation of direct, which we modify. */
664 		__virtio_clear_bit(&vdev, VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC);
665 		vq = vring_new_virtqueue(0, RINGSIZE, ALIGN, &vdev, true,
666 					 __user_addr_min,
667 					 never_notify_host,
668 					 never_callback_guest,
669 					 "guest vq");
670 
671 		sg_init_table(guest_sg, 4);
672 		sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[0], d, sizeof(*d)*2);
673 		sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[1], d + 2, sizeof(*d)*1);
674 		sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[2], data + 6, 4);
675 		sg_set_buf(&guest_sg[3], d + 3, sizeof(*d)*3);
676 
677 		err = virtqueue_add_outbuf(vq, guest_sg, 4, &err, GFP_KERNEL);
678 		if (err)
679 			errx(1, "virtqueue_add_outbuf (indirect): %i", err);
680 
681 		vring_init(&vring, RINGSIZE, __user_addr_min, ALIGN);
682 
683 		/* They're used in order, but double-check... */
684 		assert(vring.desc[0].addr == (unsigned long)d);
685 		assert(vring.desc[1].addr == (unsigned long)(d+2));
686 		assert(vring.desc[2].addr == (unsigned long)data + 6);
687 		assert(vring.desc[3].addr == (unsigned long)(d+3));
688 		vring.desc[0].flags |= VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT;
689 		vring.desc[1].flags |= VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT;
690 		vring.desc[3].flags |= VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT;
691 
692 		/* First indirect */
693 		d[0].addr = (unsigned long)data;
694 		d[0].len = 1;
695 		d[0].flags = VRING_DESC_F_NEXT;
696 		d[0].next = 1;
697 		d[1].addr = (unsigned long)data + 1;
698 		d[1].len = 2;
699 		d[1].flags = 0;
700 
701 		/* Second indirect */
702 		d[2].addr = (unsigned long)data + 3;
703 		d[2].len = 3;
704 		d[2].flags = 0;
705 
706 		/* Third indirect */
707 		d[3].addr = (unsigned long)data + 10;
708 		d[3].len = 5;
709 		d[3].flags = VRING_DESC_F_NEXT;
710 		d[3].next = 1;
711 		d[4].addr = (unsigned long)data + 15;
712 		d[4].len = 6;
713 		d[4].flags = VRING_DESC_F_NEXT;
714 		d[4].next = 2;
715 		d[5].addr = (unsigned long)data + 21;
716 		d[5].len = 7;
717 		d[5].flags = 0;
718 
719 		/* Host picks it up (allocates new iov). */
720 		vringh_iov_init(&riov, host_riov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_riov));
721 		vringh_iov_init(&wiov, host_wiov, ARRAY_SIZE(host_wiov));
722 
723 		err = vringh_getdesc_user(&vrh, &riov, &wiov, getrange, &head);
724 		if (err != 1)
725 			errx(1, "vringh_getdesc_user: %i", err);
726 
727 		if (head != 0)
728 			errx(1, "vringh_getdesc_user: head %i not 0", head);
729 
730 		assert(riov.max_num & VRINGH_IOV_ALLOCATED);
731 		if (getrange != getrange_slow)
732 			assert(riov.used == 7);
733 		else
734 			assert(riov.used == 28);
735 		err = vringh_iov_pull_user(&riov, buf, 29);
736 		assert(err == 28);
737 
738 		/* Data should be linear. */
739 		for (i = 0; i < err; i++)
740 			assert(buf[i] == i);
741 		vringh_iov_cleanup(&riov);
742 	}
743 
744 	/* Don't leak memory... */
745 	vring_del_virtqueue(vq);
746 	free(__user_addr_min);
747 
748 	return 0;
749 }
750