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1 /*
2  *  Copyright (C) 1995  Linus Torvalds
3  *
4  *  Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
5  *
6  *  Memory region support
7  *	David Parsons <orc@pell.chi.il.us>, July-August 1999
8  *
9  *  Added E820 sanitization routine (removes overlapping memory regions);
10  *  Brian Moyle <bmoyle@mvista.com>, February 2001
11  *
12  * Moved CPU detection code to cpu/${cpu}.c
13  *    Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>, March 2002
14  *
15  *  Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
16  *  Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
17  *
18  */
19 
20 /*
21  * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of initialization
22  */
23 
24 #include <linux/sched.h>
25 #include <linux/mm.h>
26 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
27 #include <linux/screen_info.h>
28 #include <linux/ioport.h>
29 #include <linux/acpi.h>
30 #include <linux/sfi.h>
31 #include <linux/apm_bios.h>
32 #include <linux/initrd.h>
33 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
34 #include <linux/memblock.h>
35 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
36 #include <linux/console.h>
37 #include <linux/root_dev.h>
38 #include <linux/highmem.h>
39 #include <linux/export.h>
40 #include <linux/efi.h>
41 #include <linux/init.h>
42 #include <linux/edd.h>
43 #include <linux/iscsi_ibft.h>
44 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
45 #include <linux/kexec.h>
46 #include <linux/dmi.h>
47 #include <linux/pfn.h>
48 #include <linux/pci.h>
49 #include <asm/pci-direct.h>
50 #include <linux/init_ohci1394_dma.h>
51 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
52 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
53 
54 #include <linux/errno.h>
55 #include <linux/kernel.h>
56 #include <linux/stddef.h>
57 #include <linux/unistd.h>
58 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
59 #include <linux/user.h>
60 #include <linux/delay.h>
61 
62 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
63 #include <linux/cpufreq.h>
64 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
65 #include <linux/ctype.h>
66 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
67 
68 #include <linux/percpu.h>
69 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
70 #include <linux/tboot.h>
71 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
72 
73 #include <video/edid.h>
74 
75 #include <asm/mtrr.h>
76 #include <asm/apic.h>
77 #include <asm/realmode.h>
78 #include <asm/e820.h>
79 #include <asm/mpspec.h>
80 #include <asm/setup.h>
81 #include <asm/efi.h>
82 #include <asm/timer.h>
83 #include <asm/i8259.h>
84 #include <asm/sections.h>
85 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
86 #include <asm/ist.h>
87 #include <asm/setup_arch.h>
88 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
89 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
90 #include <asm/processor.h>
91 #include <asm/bugs.h>
92 #include <asm/kasan.h>
93 
94 #include <asm/vsyscall.h>
95 #include <asm/cpu.h>
96 #include <asm/desc.h>
97 #include <asm/dma.h>
98 #include <asm/iommu.h>
99 #include <asm/gart.h>
100 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
101 #include <asm/proto.h>
102 
103 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
104 #include <asm/hypervisor.h>
105 #include <asm/olpc_ofw.h>
106 
107 #include <asm/percpu.h>
108 #include <asm/topology.h>
109 #include <asm/apicdef.h>
110 #include <asm/amd_nb.h>
111 #include <asm/mce.h>
112 #include <asm/alternative.h>
113 #include <asm/prom.h>
114 #include <asm/microcode.h>
115 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
116 #include <asm/kaslr.h>
117 #include <asm/kaiser.h>
118 
119 /*
120  * max_low_pfn_mapped: highest direct mapped pfn under 4GB
121  * max_pfn_mapped:     highest direct mapped pfn over 4GB
122  *
123  * The direct mapping only covers E820_RAM regions, so the ranges and gaps are
124  * represented by pfn_mapped
125  */
126 unsigned long max_low_pfn_mapped;
127 unsigned long max_pfn_mapped;
128 
129 #ifdef CONFIG_DMI
130 RESERVE_BRK(dmi_alloc, 65536);
131 #endif
132 
133 
134 static __initdata unsigned long _brk_start = (unsigned long)__brk_base;
135 unsigned long _brk_end = (unsigned long)__brk_base;
136 
137 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
default_cpu_present_to_apicid(int mps_cpu)138 int default_cpu_present_to_apicid(int mps_cpu)
139 {
140 	return __default_cpu_present_to_apicid(mps_cpu);
141 }
142 
default_check_phys_apicid_present(int phys_apicid)143 int default_check_phys_apicid_present(int phys_apicid)
144 {
145 	return __default_check_phys_apicid_present(phys_apicid);
146 }
147 #endif
148 
149 struct boot_params boot_params;
150 
151 /*
152  * Machine setup..
153  */
154 static struct resource data_resource = {
155 	.name	= "Kernel data",
156 	.start	= 0,
157 	.end	= 0,
158 	.flags	= IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM
159 };
160 
161 static struct resource code_resource = {
162 	.name	= "Kernel code",
163 	.start	= 0,
164 	.end	= 0,
165 	.flags	= IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM
166 };
167 
168 static struct resource bss_resource = {
169 	.name	= "Kernel bss",
170 	.start	= 0,
171 	.end	= 0,
172 	.flags	= IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM
173 };
174 
175 
176 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
177 /* cpu data as detected by the assembly code in head.S */
178 struct cpuinfo_x86 new_cpu_data = {
179 	.wp_works_ok = -1,
180 };
181 /* common cpu data for all cpus */
182 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly = {
183 	.wp_works_ok = -1,
184 };
185 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
186 
187 unsigned int def_to_bigsmp;
188 
189 /* for MCA, but anyone else can use it if they want */
190 unsigned int machine_id;
191 unsigned int machine_submodel_id;
192 unsigned int BIOS_revision;
193 
194 struct apm_info apm_info;
195 EXPORT_SYMBOL(apm_info);
196 
197 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI) || \
198 	defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI_MODULE)
199 struct ist_info ist_info;
200 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ist_info);
201 #else
202 struct ist_info ist_info;
203 #endif
204 
205 #else
206 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly = {
207 	.x86_phys_bits = MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS,
208 };
209 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
210 #endif
211 
212 
213 #if !defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE) || defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
214 __visible unsigned long mmu_cr4_features __ro_after_init;
215 #else
216 __visible unsigned long mmu_cr4_features __ro_after_init = X86_CR4_PAE;
217 #endif
218 
219 /* Boot loader ID and version as integers, for the benefit of proc_dointvec */
220 int bootloader_type, bootloader_version;
221 
222 /*
223  * Setup options
224  */
225 struct screen_info screen_info;
226 EXPORT_SYMBOL(screen_info);
227 struct edid_info edid_info;
228 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(edid_info);
229 
230 extern int root_mountflags;
231 
232 unsigned long saved_video_mode;
233 
234 #define RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK	0x07FF
235 #define RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG		0x8000
236 #define RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG		0x4000
237 
238 static char __initdata command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
239 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
240 static char __initdata builtin_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] = CONFIG_CMDLINE;
241 #endif
242 
243 #if defined(CONFIG_EDD) || defined(CONFIG_EDD_MODULE)
244 struct edd edd;
245 #ifdef CONFIG_EDD_MODULE
246 EXPORT_SYMBOL(edd);
247 #endif
248 /**
249  * copy_edd() - Copy the BIOS EDD information
250  *              from boot_params into a safe place.
251  *
252  */
copy_edd(void)253 static inline void __init copy_edd(void)
254 {
255      memcpy(edd.mbr_signature, boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buffer,
256 	    sizeof(edd.mbr_signature));
257      memcpy(edd.edd_info, boot_params.eddbuf, sizeof(edd.edd_info));
258      edd.mbr_signature_nr = boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buf_entries;
259      edd.edd_info_nr = boot_params.eddbuf_entries;
260 }
261 #else
copy_edd(void)262 static inline void __init copy_edd(void)
263 {
264 }
265 #endif
266 
extend_brk(size_t size,size_t align)267 void * __init extend_brk(size_t size, size_t align)
268 {
269 	size_t mask = align - 1;
270 	void *ret;
271 
272 	BUG_ON(_brk_start == 0);
273 	BUG_ON(align & mask);
274 
275 	_brk_end = (_brk_end + mask) & ~mask;
276 	BUG_ON((char *)(_brk_end + size) > __brk_limit);
277 
278 	ret = (void *)_brk_end;
279 	_brk_end += size;
280 
281 	memset(ret, 0, size);
282 
283 	return ret;
284 }
285 
286 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
cleanup_highmap(void)287 static void __init cleanup_highmap(void)
288 {
289 }
290 #endif
291 
reserve_brk(void)292 static void __init reserve_brk(void)
293 {
294 	if (_brk_end > _brk_start)
295 		memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_brk_start),
296 				 _brk_end - _brk_start);
297 
298 	/* Mark brk area as locked down and no longer taking any
299 	   new allocations */
300 	_brk_start = 0;
301 }
302 
303 u64 relocated_ramdisk;
304 
305 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
306 
get_ramdisk_image(void)307 static u64 __init get_ramdisk_image(void)
308 {
309 	u64 ramdisk_image = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image;
310 
311 	ramdisk_image |= (u64)boot_params.ext_ramdisk_image << 32;
312 
313 	return ramdisk_image;
314 }
get_ramdisk_size(void)315 static u64 __init get_ramdisk_size(void)
316 {
317 	u64 ramdisk_size = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_size;
318 
319 	ramdisk_size |= (u64)boot_params.ext_ramdisk_size << 32;
320 
321 	return ramdisk_size;
322 }
323 
relocate_initrd(void)324 static void __init relocate_initrd(void)
325 {
326 	/* Assume only end is not page aligned */
327 	u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
328 	u64 ramdisk_size  = get_ramdisk_size();
329 	u64 area_size     = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_size);
330 
331 	/* We need to move the initrd down into directly mapped mem */
332 	relocated_ramdisk = memblock_find_in_range(0, PFN_PHYS(max_pfn_mapped),
333 						   area_size, PAGE_SIZE);
334 
335 	if (!relocated_ramdisk)
336 		panic("Cannot find place for new RAMDISK of size %lld\n",
337 		      ramdisk_size);
338 
339 	/* Note: this includes all the mem currently occupied by
340 	   the initrd, we rely on that fact to keep the data intact. */
341 	memblock_reserve(relocated_ramdisk, area_size);
342 	initrd_start = relocated_ramdisk + PAGE_OFFSET;
343 	initrd_end   = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
344 	printk(KERN_INFO "Allocated new RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
345 	       relocated_ramdisk, relocated_ramdisk + ramdisk_size - 1);
346 
347 	copy_from_early_mem((void *)initrd_start, ramdisk_image, ramdisk_size);
348 
349 	printk(KERN_INFO "Move RAMDISK from [mem %#010llx-%#010llx] to"
350 		" [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
351 		ramdisk_image, ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size - 1,
352 		relocated_ramdisk, relocated_ramdisk + ramdisk_size - 1);
353 }
354 
early_reserve_initrd(void)355 static void __init early_reserve_initrd(void)
356 {
357 	/* Assume only end is not page aligned */
358 	u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
359 	u64 ramdisk_size  = get_ramdisk_size();
360 	u64 ramdisk_end   = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size);
361 
362 	if (!boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader ||
363 	    !ramdisk_image || !ramdisk_size)
364 		return;		/* No initrd provided by bootloader */
365 
366 	memblock_reserve(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end - ramdisk_image);
367 }
reserve_initrd(void)368 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
369 {
370 	/* Assume only end is not page aligned */
371 	u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
372 	u64 ramdisk_size  = get_ramdisk_size();
373 	u64 ramdisk_end   = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size);
374 	u64 mapped_size;
375 
376 	if (!boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader ||
377 	    !ramdisk_image || !ramdisk_size)
378 		return;		/* No initrd provided by bootloader */
379 
380 	initrd_start = 0;
381 
382 	mapped_size = memblock_mem_size(max_pfn_mapped);
383 	if (ramdisk_size >= (mapped_size>>1))
384 		panic("initrd too large to handle, "
385 		       "disabling initrd (%lld needed, %lld available)\n",
386 		       ramdisk_size, mapped_size>>1);
387 
388 	printk(KERN_INFO "RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n", ramdisk_image,
389 			ramdisk_end - 1);
390 
391 	if (pfn_range_is_mapped(PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_image),
392 				PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_end))) {
393 		/* All are mapped, easy case */
394 		initrd_start = ramdisk_image + PAGE_OFFSET;
395 		initrd_end = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
396 		return;
397 	}
398 
399 	relocate_initrd();
400 
401 	memblock_free(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end - ramdisk_image);
402 }
403 
404 #else
early_reserve_initrd(void)405 static void __init early_reserve_initrd(void)
406 {
407 }
reserve_initrd(void)408 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
409 {
410 }
411 #endif /* CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */
412 
parse_setup_data(void)413 static void __init parse_setup_data(void)
414 {
415 	struct setup_data *data;
416 	u64 pa_data, pa_next;
417 
418 	pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
419 	while (pa_data) {
420 		u32 data_len, data_type;
421 
422 		data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
423 		data_len = data->len + sizeof(struct setup_data);
424 		data_type = data->type;
425 		pa_next = data->next;
426 		early_memunmap(data, sizeof(*data));
427 
428 		switch (data_type) {
429 		case SETUP_E820_EXT:
430 			parse_e820_ext(pa_data, data_len);
431 			break;
432 		case SETUP_DTB:
433 			add_dtb(pa_data);
434 			break;
435 		case SETUP_EFI:
436 			parse_efi_setup(pa_data, data_len);
437 			break;
438 		default:
439 			break;
440 		}
441 		pa_data = pa_next;
442 	}
443 }
444 
e820_reserve_setup_data(void)445 static void __init e820_reserve_setup_data(void)
446 {
447 	struct setup_data *data;
448 	u64 pa_data;
449 
450 	pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
451 	if (!pa_data)
452 		return;
453 
454 	while (pa_data) {
455 		data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
456 		e820_update_range(pa_data, sizeof(*data)+data->len,
457 			 E820_RAM, E820_RESERVED_KERN);
458 		pa_data = data->next;
459 		early_memunmap(data, sizeof(*data));
460 	}
461 
462 	sanitize_e820_map(e820->map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820->map), &e820->nr_map);
463 	memcpy(e820_saved, e820, sizeof(struct e820map));
464 	printk(KERN_INFO "extended physical RAM map:\n");
465 	e820_print_map("reserve setup_data");
466 }
467 
memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data(void)468 static void __init memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data(void)
469 {
470 	struct setup_data *data;
471 	u64 pa_data;
472 
473 	pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
474 	while (pa_data) {
475 		data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
476 		memblock_reserve(pa_data, sizeof(*data) + data->len);
477 		pa_data = data->next;
478 		early_memunmap(data, sizeof(*data));
479 	}
480 }
481 
482 /*
483  * --------- Crashkernel reservation ------------------------------
484  */
485 
486 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
487 
488 /* 16M alignment for crash kernel regions */
489 #define CRASH_ALIGN		(16 << 20)
490 
491 /*
492  * Keep the crash kernel below this limit.  On 32 bits earlier kernels
493  * would limit the kernel to the low 512 MiB due to mapping restrictions.
494  * On 64bit, old kexec-tools need to under 896MiB.
495  */
496 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
497 # define CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX	(512 << 20)
498 # define CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX	(512 << 20)
499 #else
500 # define CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX	(896UL << 20)
501 # define CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX	MAXMEM
502 #endif
503 
reserve_crashkernel_low(void)504 static int __init reserve_crashkernel_low(void)
505 {
506 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
507 	unsigned long long base, low_base = 0, low_size = 0;
508 	unsigned long total_low_mem;
509 	int ret;
510 
511 	total_low_mem = memblock_mem_size(1UL << (32 - PAGE_SHIFT));
512 
513 	/* crashkernel=Y,low */
514 	ret = parse_crashkernel_low(boot_command_line, total_low_mem, &low_size, &base);
515 	if (ret) {
516 		/*
517 		 * two parts from lib/swiotlb.c:
518 		 * -swiotlb size: user-specified with swiotlb= or default.
519 		 *
520 		 * -swiotlb overflow buffer: now hardcoded to 32k. We round it
521 		 * to 8M for other buffers that may need to stay low too. Also
522 		 * make sure we allocate enough extra low memory so that we
523 		 * don't run out of DMA buffers for 32-bit devices.
524 		 */
525 		low_size = max(swiotlb_size_or_default() + (8UL << 20), 256UL << 20);
526 	} else {
527 		/* passed with crashkernel=0,low ? */
528 		if (!low_size)
529 			return 0;
530 	}
531 
532 	low_base = memblock_find_in_range(low_size, 1ULL << 32, low_size, CRASH_ALIGN);
533 	if (!low_base) {
534 		pr_err("Cannot reserve %ldMB crashkernel low memory, please try smaller size.\n",
535 		       (unsigned long)(low_size >> 20));
536 		return -ENOMEM;
537 	}
538 
539 	ret = memblock_reserve(low_base, low_size);
540 	if (ret) {
541 		pr_err("%s: Error reserving crashkernel low memblock.\n", __func__);
542 		return ret;
543 	}
544 
545 	pr_info("Reserving %ldMB of low memory at %ldMB for crashkernel (System low RAM: %ldMB)\n",
546 		(unsigned long)(low_size >> 20),
547 		(unsigned long)(low_base >> 20),
548 		(unsigned long)(total_low_mem >> 20));
549 
550 	crashk_low_res.start = low_base;
551 	crashk_low_res.end   = low_base + low_size - 1;
552 	insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &crashk_low_res);
553 #endif
554 	return 0;
555 }
556 
reserve_crashkernel(void)557 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
558 {
559 	unsigned long long crash_size, crash_base, total_mem;
560 	bool high = false;
561 	int ret;
562 
563 	total_mem = memblock_phys_mem_size();
564 
565 	/* crashkernel=XM */
566 	ret = parse_crashkernel(boot_command_line, total_mem, &crash_size, &crash_base);
567 	if (ret != 0 || crash_size <= 0) {
568 		/* crashkernel=X,high */
569 		ret = parse_crashkernel_high(boot_command_line, total_mem,
570 					     &crash_size, &crash_base);
571 		if (ret != 0 || crash_size <= 0)
572 			return;
573 		high = true;
574 	}
575 
576 	/* 0 means: find the address automatically */
577 	if (crash_base <= 0) {
578 		/*
579 		 *  kexec want bzImage is below CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_MAX
580 		 */
581 		crash_base = memblock_find_in_range(CRASH_ALIGN,
582 						    high ? CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX
583 							 : CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX,
584 						    crash_size, CRASH_ALIGN);
585 		if (!crash_base) {
586 			pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - No suitable area found.\n");
587 			return;
588 		}
589 
590 	} else {
591 		unsigned long long start;
592 
593 		start = memblock_find_in_range(crash_base,
594 					       crash_base + crash_size,
595 					       crash_size, 1 << 20);
596 		if (start != crash_base) {
597 			pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - memory is in use.\n");
598 			return;
599 		}
600 	}
601 	ret = memblock_reserve(crash_base, crash_size);
602 	if (ret) {
603 		pr_err("%s: Error reserving crashkernel memblock.\n", __func__);
604 		return;
605 	}
606 
607 	if (crash_base >= (1ULL << 32) && reserve_crashkernel_low()) {
608 		memblock_free(crash_base, crash_size);
609 		return;
610 	}
611 
612 	pr_info("Reserving %ldMB of memory at %ldMB for crashkernel (System RAM: %ldMB)\n",
613 		(unsigned long)(crash_size >> 20),
614 		(unsigned long)(crash_base >> 20),
615 		(unsigned long)(total_mem >> 20));
616 
617 	crashk_res.start = crash_base;
618 	crashk_res.end   = crash_base + crash_size - 1;
619 	insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &crashk_res);
620 }
621 #else
reserve_crashkernel(void)622 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
623 {
624 }
625 #endif
626 
627 static struct resource standard_io_resources[] = {
628 	{ .name = "dma1", .start = 0x00, .end = 0x1f,
629 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
630 	{ .name = "pic1", .start = 0x20, .end = 0x21,
631 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
632 	{ .name = "timer0", .start = 0x40, .end = 0x43,
633 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
634 	{ .name = "timer1", .start = 0x50, .end = 0x53,
635 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
636 	{ .name = "keyboard", .start = 0x60, .end = 0x60,
637 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
638 	{ .name = "keyboard", .start = 0x64, .end = 0x64,
639 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
640 	{ .name = "dma page reg", .start = 0x80, .end = 0x8f,
641 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
642 	{ .name = "pic2", .start = 0xa0, .end = 0xa1,
643 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
644 	{ .name = "dma2", .start = 0xc0, .end = 0xdf,
645 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
646 	{ .name = "fpu", .start = 0xf0, .end = 0xff,
647 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO }
648 };
649 
reserve_standard_io_resources(void)650 void __init reserve_standard_io_resources(void)
651 {
652 	int i;
653 
654 	/* request I/O space for devices used on all i[345]86 PCs */
655 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(standard_io_resources); i++)
656 		request_resource(&ioport_resource, &standard_io_resources[i]);
657 
658 }
659 
reserve_ibft_region(void)660 static __init void reserve_ibft_region(void)
661 {
662 	unsigned long addr, size = 0;
663 
664 	addr = find_ibft_region(&size);
665 
666 	if (size)
667 		memblock_reserve(addr, size);
668 }
669 
snb_gfx_workaround_needed(void)670 static bool __init snb_gfx_workaround_needed(void)
671 {
672 #ifdef CONFIG_PCI
673 	int i;
674 	u16 vendor, devid;
675 	static const __initconst u16 snb_ids[] = {
676 		0x0102,
677 		0x0112,
678 		0x0122,
679 		0x0106,
680 		0x0116,
681 		0x0126,
682 		0x010a,
683 	};
684 
685 	/* Assume no if something weird is going on with PCI */
686 	if (!early_pci_allowed())
687 		return false;
688 
689 	vendor = read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_VENDOR_ID);
690 	if (vendor != 0x8086)
691 		return false;
692 
693 	devid = read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_DEVICE_ID);
694 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snb_ids); i++)
695 		if (devid == snb_ids[i])
696 			return true;
697 #endif
698 
699 	return false;
700 }
701 
702 /*
703  * Sandy Bridge graphics has trouble with certain ranges, exclude
704  * them from allocation.
705  */
trim_snb_memory(void)706 static void __init trim_snb_memory(void)
707 {
708 	static const __initconst unsigned long bad_pages[] = {
709 		0x20050000,
710 		0x20110000,
711 		0x20130000,
712 		0x20138000,
713 		0x40004000,
714 	};
715 	int i;
716 
717 	if (!snb_gfx_workaround_needed())
718 		return;
719 
720 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "reserving inaccessible SNB gfx pages\n");
721 
722 	/*
723 	 * Reserve all memory below the 1 MB mark that has not
724 	 * already been reserved.
725 	 */
726 	memblock_reserve(0, 1<<20);
727 
728 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bad_pages); i++) {
729 		if (memblock_reserve(bad_pages[i], PAGE_SIZE))
730 			printk(KERN_WARNING "failed to reserve 0x%08lx\n",
731 			       bad_pages[i]);
732 	}
733 }
734 
735 /*
736  * Here we put platform-specific memory range workarounds, i.e.
737  * memory known to be corrupt or otherwise in need to be reserved on
738  * specific platforms.
739  *
740  * If this gets used more widely it could use a real dispatch mechanism.
741  */
trim_platform_memory_ranges(void)742 static void __init trim_platform_memory_ranges(void)
743 {
744 	trim_snb_memory();
745 }
746 
trim_bios_range(void)747 static void __init trim_bios_range(void)
748 {
749 	/*
750 	 * A special case is the first 4Kb of memory;
751 	 * This is a BIOS owned area, not kernel ram, but generally
752 	 * not listed as such in the E820 table.
753 	 *
754 	 * This typically reserves additional memory (64KiB by default)
755 	 * since some BIOSes are known to corrupt low memory.  See the
756 	 * Kconfig help text for X86_RESERVE_LOW.
757 	 */
758 	e820_update_range(0, PAGE_SIZE, E820_RAM, E820_RESERVED);
759 
760 	/*
761 	 * special case: Some BIOSen report the PC BIOS
762 	 * area (640->1Mb) as ram even though it is not.
763 	 * take them out.
764 	 */
765 	e820_remove_range(BIOS_BEGIN, BIOS_END - BIOS_BEGIN, E820_RAM, 1);
766 
767 	sanitize_e820_map(e820->map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820->map), &e820->nr_map);
768 }
769 
770 /* called before trim_bios_range() to spare extra sanitize */
e820_add_kernel_range(void)771 static void __init e820_add_kernel_range(void)
772 {
773 	u64 start = __pa_symbol(_text);
774 	u64 size = __pa_symbol(_end) - start;
775 
776 	/*
777 	 * Complain if .text .data and .bss are not marked as E820_RAM and
778 	 * attempt to fix it by adding the range. We may have a confused BIOS,
779 	 * or the user may have used memmap=exactmap or memmap=xxM$yyM to
780 	 * exclude kernel range. If we really are running on top non-RAM,
781 	 * we will crash later anyways.
782 	 */
783 	if (e820_all_mapped(start, start + size, E820_RAM))
784 		return;
785 
786 	pr_warn(".text .data .bss are not marked as E820_RAM!\n");
787 	e820_remove_range(start, size, E820_RAM, 0);
788 	e820_add_region(start, size, E820_RAM);
789 }
790 
791 static unsigned reserve_low = CONFIG_X86_RESERVE_LOW << 10;
792 
parse_reservelow(char * p)793 static int __init parse_reservelow(char *p)
794 {
795 	unsigned long long size;
796 
797 	if (!p)
798 		return -EINVAL;
799 
800 	size = memparse(p, &p);
801 
802 	if (size < 4096)
803 		size = 4096;
804 
805 	if (size > 640*1024)
806 		size = 640*1024;
807 
808 	reserve_low = size;
809 
810 	return 0;
811 }
812 
813 early_param("reservelow", parse_reservelow);
814 
trim_low_memory_range(void)815 static void __init trim_low_memory_range(void)
816 {
817 	memblock_reserve(0, ALIGN(reserve_low, PAGE_SIZE));
818 }
819 
820 /*
821  * Dump out kernel offset information on panic.
822  */
823 static int
dump_kernel_offset(struct notifier_block * self,unsigned long v,void * p)824 dump_kernel_offset(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long v, void *p)
825 {
826 	if (kaslr_enabled()) {
827 		pr_emerg("Kernel Offset: 0x%lx from 0x%lx (relocation range: 0x%lx-0x%lx)\n",
828 			 kaslr_offset(),
829 			 __START_KERNEL,
830 			 __START_KERNEL_map,
831 			 MODULES_VADDR-1);
832 	} else {
833 		pr_emerg("Kernel Offset: disabled\n");
834 	}
835 
836 	return 0;
837 }
838 
839 /*
840  * Determine if we were loaded by an EFI loader.  If so, then we have also been
841  * passed the efi memmap, systab, etc., so we should use these data structures
842  * for initialization.  Note, the efi init code path is determined by the
843  * global efi_enabled. This allows the same kernel image to be used on existing
844  * systems (with a traditional BIOS) as well as on EFI systems.
845  */
846 /*
847  * setup_arch - architecture-specific boot-time initializations
848  *
849  * Note: On x86_64, fixmaps are ready for use even before this is called.
850  */
851 
setup_arch(char ** cmdline_p)852 void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
853 {
854 	memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_text),
855 			 (unsigned long)__bss_stop - (unsigned long)_text);
856 
857 	early_reserve_initrd();
858 
859 	/*
860 	 * At this point everything still needed from the boot loader
861 	 * or BIOS or kernel text should be early reserved or marked not
862 	 * RAM in e820. All other memory is free game.
863 	 */
864 
865 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
866 	memcpy(&boot_cpu_data, &new_cpu_data, sizeof(new_cpu_data));
867 
868 	/*
869 	 * copy kernel address range established so far and switch
870 	 * to the proper swapper page table
871 	 */
872 	clone_pgd_range(swapper_pg_dir     + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
873 			initial_page_table + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
874 			KERNEL_PGD_PTRS);
875 
876 	load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
877 	/*
878 	 * Note: Quark X1000 CPUs advertise PGE incorrectly and require
879 	 * a cr3 based tlb flush, so the following __flush_tlb_all()
880 	 * will not flush anything because the cpu quirk which clears
881 	 * X86_FEATURE_PGE has not been invoked yet. Though due to the
882 	 * load_cr3() above the TLB has been flushed already. The
883 	 * quirk is invoked before subsequent calls to __flush_tlb_all()
884 	 * so proper operation is guaranteed.
885 	 */
886 	__flush_tlb_all();
887 #else
888 	printk(KERN_INFO "Command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
889 #endif
890 
891 	/*
892 	 * If we have OLPC OFW, we might end up relocating the fixmap due to
893 	 * reserve_top(), so do this before touching the ioremap area.
894 	 */
895 	olpc_ofw_detect();
896 
897 	early_trap_init();
898 	early_cpu_init();
899 	early_ioremap_init();
900 
901 	setup_olpc_ofw_pgd();
902 
903 	ROOT_DEV = old_decode_dev(boot_params.hdr.root_dev);
904 	screen_info = boot_params.screen_info;
905 	edid_info = boot_params.edid_info;
906 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
907 	apm_info.bios = boot_params.apm_bios_info;
908 	ist_info = boot_params.ist_info;
909 #endif
910 	saved_video_mode = boot_params.hdr.vid_mode;
911 	bootloader_type = boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader;
912 	if ((bootloader_type >> 4) == 0xe) {
913 		bootloader_type &= 0xf;
914 		bootloader_type |= (boot_params.hdr.ext_loader_type+0x10) << 4;
915 	}
916 	bootloader_version  = bootloader_type & 0xf;
917 	bootloader_version |= boot_params.hdr.ext_loader_ver << 4;
918 
919 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
920 	rd_image_start = boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK;
921 	rd_prompt = ((boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG) != 0);
922 	rd_doload = ((boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG) != 0);
923 #endif
924 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI
925 	if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params.efi_info.efi_loader_signature,
926 		     EFI32_LOADER_SIGNATURE, 4)) {
927 		set_bit(EFI_BOOT, &efi.flags);
928 	} else if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params.efi_info.efi_loader_signature,
929 		     EFI64_LOADER_SIGNATURE, 4)) {
930 		set_bit(EFI_BOOT, &efi.flags);
931 		set_bit(EFI_64BIT, &efi.flags);
932 	}
933 
934 	if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
935 		efi_memblock_x86_reserve_range();
936 #endif
937 
938 	x86_init.oem.arch_setup();
939 
940 	iomem_resource.end = (1ULL << boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits) - 1;
941 	setup_memory_map();
942 	parse_setup_data();
943 
944 	copy_edd();
945 
946 	if (!boot_params.hdr.root_flags)
947 		root_mountflags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
948 	init_mm.start_code = (unsigned long) _text;
949 	init_mm.end_code = (unsigned long) _etext;
950 	init_mm.end_data = (unsigned long) _edata;
951 	init_mm.brk = _brk_end;
952 
953 	mpx_mm_init(&init_mm);
954 
955 	code_resource.start = __pa_symbol(_text);
956 	code_resource.end = __pa_symbol(_etext)-1;
957 	data_resource.start = __pa_symbol(_etext);
958 	data_resource.end = __pa_symbol(_edata)-1;
959 	bss_resource.start = __pa_symbol(__bss_start);
960 	bss_resource.end = __pa_symbol(__bss_stop)-1;
961 
962 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
963 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE
964 	strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
965 #else
966 	if (builtin_cmdline[0]) {
967 		/* append boot loader cmdline to builtin */
968 		strlcat(builtin_cmdline, " ", COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
969 		strlcat(builtin_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
970 		strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
971 	}
972 #endif
973 #endif
974 
975 	strlcpy(command_line, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
976 	*cmdline_p = command_line;
977 
978 	/*
979 	 * x86_configure_nx() is called before parse_early_param() to detect
980 	 * whether hardware doesn't support NX (so that the early EHCI debug
981 	 * console setup can safely call set_fixmap()). It may then be called
982 	 * again from within noexec_setup() during parsing early parameters
983 	 * to honor the respective command line option.
984 	 */
985 	x86_configure_nx();
986 
987 	parse_early_param();
988 
989 	x86_report_nx();
990 
991 	/* after early param, so could get panic from serial */
992 	memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data();
993 
994 	if (acpi_mps_check()) {
995 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
996 		disable_apic = 1;
997 #endif
998 		setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_APIC);
999 	}
1000 
1001 #ifdef CONFIG_PCI
1002 	if (pci_early_dump_regs)
1003 		early_dump_pci_devices();
1004 #endif
1005 
1006 	/* update the e820_saved too */
1007 	e820_reserve_setup_data();
1008 	finish_e820_parsing();
1009 
1010 	if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
1011 		efi_init();
1012 
1013 	dmi_scan_machine();
1014 	dmi_memdev_walk();
1015 	dmi_set_dump_stack_arch_desc();
1016 
1017 	/*
1018 	 * VMware detection requires dmi to be available, so this
1019 	 * needs to be done after dmi_scan_machine, for the BP.
1020 	 */
1021 	init_hypervisor_platform();
1022 
1023 	/*
1024 	 * This needs to happen right after XENPV is set on xen and
1025 	 * kaiser_enabled is checked below in cleanup_highmap().
1026 	 */
1027 	kaiser_check_boottime_disable();
1028 
1029 	x86_init.resources.probe_roms();
1030 
1031 	/* after parse_early_param, so could debug it */
1032 	insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &code_resource);
1033 	insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &data_resource);
1034 	insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &bss_resource);
1035 
1036 	e820_add_kernel_range();
1037 	trim_bios_range();
1038 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1039 	if (ppro_with_ram_bug()) {
1040 		e820_update_range(0x70000000ULL, 0x40000ULL, E820_RAM,
1041 				  E820_RESERVED);
1042 		sanitize_e820_map(e820->map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820->map), &e820->nr_map);
1043 		printk(KERN_INFO "fixed physical RAM map:\n");
1044 		e820_print_map("bad_ppro");
1045 	}
1046 #else
1047 	early_gart_iommu_check();
1048 #endif
1049 
1050 	/*
1051 	 * partially used pages are not usable - thus
1052 	 * we are rounding upwards:
1053 	 */
1054 	max_pfn = e820_end_of_ram_pfn();
1055 
1056 	/* update e820 for memory not covered by WB MTRRs */
1057 	mtrr_bp_init();
1058 	if (mtrr_trim_uncached_memory(max_pfn))
1059 		max_pfn = e820_end_of_ram_pfn();
1060 
1061 	max_possible_pfn = max_pfn;
1062 
1063 	/*
1064 	 * This call is required when the CPU does not support PAT. If
1065 	 * mtrr_bp_init() invoked it already via pat_init() the call has no
1066 	 * effect.
1067 	 */
1068 	init_cache_modes();
1069 
1070 	/*
1071 	 * Define random base addresses for memory sections after max_pfn is
1072 	 * defined and before each memory section base is used.
1073 	 */
1074 	kernel_randomize_memory();
1075 
1076 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1077 	/* max_low_pfn get updated here */
1078 	find_low_pfn_range();
1079 #else
1080 	check_x2apic();
1081 
1082 	/* How many end-of-memory variables you have, grandma! */
1083 	/* need this before calling reserve_initrd */
1084 	if (max_pfn > (1UL<<(32 - PAGE_SHIFT)))
1085 		max_low_pfn = e820_end_of_low_ram_pfn();
1086 	else
1087 		max_low_pfn = max_pfn;
1088 
1089 	high_memory = (void *)__va(max_pfn * PAGE_SIZE - 1) + 1;
1090 #endif
1091 
1092 	/*
1093 	 * Find and reserve possible boot-time SMP configuration:
1094 	 */
1095 	find_smp_config();
1096 
1097 	reserve_ibft_region();
1098 
1099 	early_alloc_pgt_buf();
1100 
1101 	/*
1102 	 * Need to conclude brk, before memblock_x86_fill()
1103 	 *  it could use memblock_find_in_range, could overlap with
1104 	 *  brk area.
1105 	 */
1106 	reserve_brk();
1107 
1108 	cleanup_highmap();
1109 
1110 	memblock_set_current_limit(ISA_END_ADDRESS);
1111 	memblock_x86_fill();
1112 
1113 	reserve_bios_regions();
1114 
1115 	if (efi_enabled(EFI_MEMMAP)) {
1116 		efi_fake_memmap();
1117 		efi_find_mirror();
1118 		efi_esrt_init();
1119 
1120 		/*
1121 		 * The EFI specification says that boot service code won't be
1122 		 * called after ExitBootServices(). This is, in fact, a lie.
1123 		 */
1124 		efi_reserve_boot_services();
1125 	}
1126 
1127 	/* preallocate 4k for mptable mpc */
1128 	early_reserve_e820_mpc_new();
1129 
1130 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_CHECK_BIOS_CORRUPTION
1131 	setup_bios_corruption_check();
1132 #endif
1133 
1134 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1135 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "initial memory mapped: [mem 0x00000000-%#010lx]\n",
1136 			(max_pfn_mapped<<PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
1137 #endif
1138 
1139 	reserve_real_mode();
1140 
1141 	trim_platform_memory_ranges();
1142 	trim_low_memory_range();
1143 
1144 	init_mem_mapping();
1145 
1146 	early_trap_pf_init();
1147 
1148 	/*
1149 	 * Update mmu_cr4_features (and, indirectly, trampoline_cr4_features)
1150 	 * with the current CR4 value.  This may not be necessary, but
1151 	 * auditing all the early-boot CR4 manipulation would be needed to
1152 	 * rule it out.
1153 	 */
1154 	mmu_cr4_features = __read_cr4();
1155 
1156 	memblock_set_current_limit(get_max_mapped());
1157 
1158 	/*
1159 	 * NOTE: On x86-32, only from this point on, fixmaps are ready for use.
1160 	 */
1161 
1162 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT
1163 	if (init_ohci1394_dma_early)
1164 		init_ohci1394_dma_on_all_controllers();
1165 #endif
1166 	/* Allocate bigger log buffer */
1167 	setup_log_buf(1);
1168 
1169 	reserve_initrd();
1170 
1171 	acpi_table_upgrade();
1172 
1173 	vsmp_init();
1174 
1175 	io_delay_init();
1176 
1177 	/*
1178 	 * Parse the ACPI tables for possible boot-time SMP configuration.
1179 	 */
1180 	acpi_boot_table_init();
1181 
1182 	early_acpi_boot_init();
1183 
1184 	initmem_init();
1185 	dma_contiguous_reserve(max_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT);
1186 
1187 	/*
1188 	 * Reserve memory for crash kernel after SRAT is parsed so that it
1189 	 * won't consume hotpluggable memory.
1190 	 */
1191 	reserve_crashkernel();
1192 
1193 	memblock_find_dma_reserve();
1194 
1195 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GUEST
1196 	kvmclock_init();
1197 #endif
1198 
1199 	x86_init.paging.pagetable_init();
1200 
1201 	kasan_init();
1202 
1203 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1204 	/* sync back kernel address range */
1205 	clone_pgd_range(initial_page_table + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
1206 			swapper_pg_dir     + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
1207 			KERNEL_PGD_PTRS);
1208 
1209 	/*
1210 	 * sync back low identity map too.  It is used for example
1211 	 * in the 32-bit EFI stub.
1212 	 */
1213 	clone_pgd_range(initial_page_table,
1214 			swapper_pg_dir     + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
1215 			min(KERNEL_PGD_PTRS, KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY));
1216 #endif
1217 
1218 	tboot_probe();
1219 
1220 	map_vsyscall();
1221 
1222 	generic_apic_probe();
1223 
1224 	early_quirks();
1225 
1226 	/*
1227 	 * Read APIC and some other early information from ACPI tables.
1228 	 */
1229 	acpi_boot_init();
1230 	sfi_init();
1231 	x86_dtb_init();
1232 
1233 	/*
1234 	 * get boot-time SMP configuration:
1235 	 */
1236 	get_smp_config();
1237 
1238 	/*
1239 	 * Systems w/o ACPI and mptables might not have it mapped the local
1240 	 * APIC yet, but prefill_possible_map() might need to access it.
1241 	 */
1242 	init_apic_mappings();
1243 
1244 	prefill_possible_map();
1245 
1246 	init_cpu_to_node();
1247 
1248 	io_apic_init_mappings();
1249 
1250 	kvm_guest_init();
1251 
1252 	e820_reserve_resources();
1253 	e820_mark_nosave_regions(max_low_pfn);
1254 
1255 	x86_init.resources.reserve_resources();
1256 
1257 	e820_setup_gap();
1258 
1259 #ifdef CONFIG_VT
1260 #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
1261 	if (!efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT) || (efi_mem_type(0xa0000) != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY))
1262 		conswitchp = &vga_con;
1263 #elif defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE)
1264 	conswitchp = &dummy_con;
1265 #endif
1266 #endif
1267 	x86_init.oem.banner();
1268 
1269 	x86_init.timers.wallclock_init();
1270 
1271 	mcheck_init();
1272 
1273 	arch_init_ideal_nops();
1274 
1275 	register_refined_jiffies(CLOCK_TICK_RATE);
1276 
1277 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI
1278 	if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
1279 		efi_apply_memmap_quirks();
1280 #endif
1281 }
1282 
1283 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1284 
1285 static struct resource video_ram_resource = {
1286 	.name	= "Video RAM area",
1287 	.start	= 0xa0000,
1288 	.end	= 0xbffff,
1289 	.flags	= IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
1290 };
1291 
i386_reserve_resources(void)1292 void __init i386_reserve_resources(void)
1293 {
1294 	request_resource(&iomem_resource, &video_ram_resource);
1295 	reserve_standard_io_resources();
1296 }
1297 
1298 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
1299 
1300 static struct notifier_block kernel_offset_notifier = {
1301 	.notifier_call = dump_kernel_offset
1302 };
1303 
register_kernel_offset_dumper(void)1304 static int __init register_kernel_offset_dumper(void)
1305 {
1306 	atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list,
1307 					&kernel_offset_notifier);
1308 	return 0;
1309 }
1310 __initcall(register_kernel_offset_dumper);
1311 
arch_show_smap(struct seq_file * m,struct vm_area_struct * vma)1312 void arch_show_smap(struct seq_file *m, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
1313 {
1314 	if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_OSPKE))
1315 		return;
1316 
1317 	seq_printf(m, "ProtectionKey:  %8u\n", vma_pkey(vma));
1318 }
1319