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1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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6 ext4 recognizes (better than ext3, anyway) that data locality is
9 that the head actuator and disk must perform to access a data block,
17 The first tool that ext4 uses to combat fragmentation is the multi-block
23 files) then the file data gets written out in a single multi-block
27 the dirty buffers are being written out to disk. By not committing to a
29 is hit, or sync() is called, or the kernel runs out of memory), the hope
33 file's data blocks in the same block group as its inode. This cuts down
35 to learn where the file's data blocks live and then seek over to the
36 file's data blocks to begin I/O operations.
44 groups; these mini-containers are used as outlined above to try to
45 maintain data locality. However, there is a deliberate quirk -- when a
48 block group that it can find. This encourages directories to spread out
49 over a disk; as the top-level directory/file blobs fill up one block
51 this scheme evens out the loading on the block groups, though the author
53 the end of a spinning drive get a raw deal performance-wise.