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7 Corrections, HA extensions : 2000/10/03-15 :
8 - Willy Tarreau <willy at meta-x.org>
9 - Constantine Gavrilov <const-g at xpert.com>
10 - Chad N. Tindel <ctindel at ieee dot org>
11 - Janice Girouard <girouard at us dot ibm dot com>
12 - Jay Vosburgh <fubar at us dot ibm dot com>
16 - Mitch Williams <mitch.a.williams at intel.com>
29 the original tools from extreme-linux and beowulf sites will not work
114 -----------------------------------------------
130 -------------------------------------
143 /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf configuration files, or in a distro-specific
151 configuring a bond, it is recommended "tail -f /var/log/messages" be
168 (active-backup, balance-alb and balance-tlb). Possible values
185 is 1 - 65535. If the value is not specified, it takes 65535 as the
193 In an AD system, this specifies the mac-address for the actor in
195 multicast. It is preferred to have the local-admin bit set for this
224 - A slave is added to or removed from the bond
226 - Any slave's link state changes
228 - Any slave's 802.3ad association state changes
230 - The bond's administrative state changes to up
247 In an AD system, the port-key has three parts as shown below -
251 01-05 Speed
252 06-15 User-defined
255 from 0 - 1023. If not given, the system defaults to 0.
311 non-ARP traffic should be filtered (disregarded) for link
401 This option affects only active-backup mode for slaves with
427 Specifies whether active-backup mode should set all slaves to
437 bonding to set all slaves of an active-backup bond to
531 asserting carrier. It is similar to the Cisco EtherChannel min-links
533 must be up (link-up state) before marking the bond device as up
548 balance-rr (round robin). Possible values are:
550 balance-rr or 0
552 Round-robin policy: Transmit packets in sequential
557 active-backup or 1
559 Active-backup policy: Only one slave in the bond is
566 occurs in active-backup mode, bonding will issue one
578 balance-xor or 2
606 regards to the packet mis-ordering requirements of
622 balance-tlb or 5
644 balance-alb or 6
646 Adaptive load balancing: includes balance-tlb plus
674 and when an inactive slave is re-activated. The
709 bonding device and each VLAN sub-device. This is repeated at
713 The valid range is 0 - 255; the default value is 1. These options
714 affect only the active-backup mode. These options were added for
727 The valid range is 0 - 65535; the default value is 1. This option
728 has effect only in balance-rr mode.
745 off-line will alternate devices be used. This is useful when
749 The primary option is only valid for active-backup(1),
750 balance-tlb (5) and balance-alb (6) mode.
757 occurs. This option is designed to prevent flip-flopping between
799 characteristics but can cause packet reordering. If re-ordering is
802 xmit-hash-policy can be used to select the appropriate hashing for
847 balance-xor, 802.3ad, and tlb modes. Possible values are:
880 network peer on the same slave. For non-IP traffic,
912 information is omitted. For non-IP traffic, the
957 The valid range is 0 - 255; the default value is 1. A value of 0
961 This option is useful for bonding modes balance-rr (0), active-backup
962 (1), balance-tlb (5) and balance-alb (6), in which a failover can
974 The valid range is 1 - 0x7fffffff; the default value is 1. This Option
975 has effect only in balance-tlb and balance-alb modes.
1003 $ rpm -qf /sbin/ifup
1018 ----------------------------------------
1031 ifcfg-id file for each slave device. The simplest way to accomplish
1033 file ifcfg-id file created; see below for some issues with DHCP). The
1036 ifcfg-id-xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
1041 Once the set of ifcfg-id-xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx files has been
1051 _nm_name='bus-pci-0001:61:01.0'
1061 Once the ifcfg-id-xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx files have been modified,
1063 itself. This file is named ifcfg-bondX, where X is the number of the
1065 ifcfg-bond0, the second is ifcfg-bond1, and so on. The sysconfig
1069 The contents of the ifcfg-bondX file is as follows:
1079 BONDING_MODULE_OPTS="mode=active-backup miimon=100"
1081 BONDING_SLAVE1="bus-pci-0000:06:08.1"
1117 (bus-pci-0000:06:08.1 in the example above) specify the physical
1148 -------------------------------
1158 -----------------------------------------------
1162 bonding instance to have an appropriately configured ifcfg-bondX file
1166 ifcfg-bondX files.
1169 options in the ifcfg-bondX file, it is not necessary to add them to
1173 ------------------------------------------
1186 network-script file for all physical adapters that will be members of
1189 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
1191 The file name must be prefixed with "ifcfg-eth" and suffixed
1193 for eth0 would be named /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0.
1204 must correspond with the name of the file, i.e., ifcfg-eth1 must have
1212 script will be /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bondX where X is
1213 the number of the bond. For bond0 the file is named "ifcfg-bond0",
1214 for bond1 it is named "ifcfg-bond1", and so on. Within that file,
1231 and, indeed, preferable, to specify the bonding options in the ifcfg-bond0
1234 BONDING_OPTS="mode=active-backup arp_interval=60 arp_ip_target=192.168.1.254"
1256 options bond0 mode=balance-alb miimon=100
1266 ---------------------------------
1279 -------------------------------------------------
1283 specifying the appropriate BONDING_OPTS= in ifcfg-bondX where X is the
1291 -----------------------------------------------
1310 modprobe bonding mode=balance-alb miimon=100
1333 enabled without re-running the entire global init script.
1349 -----------------------------------------
1378 options bond0 -o bond0 mode=balance-rr miimon=100
1381 options bond1 -o bond1 mode=balance-alb miimon=50
1384 named "bond0" and creates the bond0 device in balance-rr mode with an
1386 bond1 device in balance-alb mode with an miimon of 50.
1393 install bond1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install bonding -o bond1 \
1394 mode=balance-alb miimon=50
1400 to rename modules at load time (the "-o bond1" part). Attempts to pass
1408 ------------------------------------------
1428 -----------------------------
1429 To add a new bond foo:
1430 # echo +foo > /sys/class/net/bonding_masters
1433 # echo -bar > /sys/class/net/bonding_masters
1443 --------------------------
1453 # echo -eth0 > /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/slaves
1462 # echo -eth0 > /sys/class/net/eth0/master/bonding/slaves
1467 -------------------------------
1471 The names of these files correspond directly with the command-
1480 To configure bond0 for balance-alb mode:
1483 - or -
1484 # echo balance-alb > /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/mode
1491 monitoring is enabled, and vice-versa.
1499 # echo -192.168.0.100 > /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/arp_ip_target
1508 ---------------------
1519 echo balance-alb > /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/mode
1526 active-backup mode, using ARP monitoring, add the following lines to
1531 echo active-backup > /sys/class/net/bond1/bonding/mode
1539 -----------------------------------------
1546 the box. The ifenslave-2.6 package should be installed to provide bonding
1547 support. Once installed, this package will provide bond-* options to be used
1550 Note that ifenslave-2.6 package will load the bonding module and use
1554 ----------------------
1557 active-backup mode, with eth0 and eth1 as slaves.
1561 bond-slaves eth0 eth1
1562 bond-mode active-backup
1563 bond-miimon 100
1564 bond-primary eth0 eth1
1573 bond-slaves none
1574 bond-mode active-backup
1575 bond-miimon 100
1579 bond-master bond0
1580 bond-primary eth0 eth1
1584 bond-master bond0
1585 bond-primary eth0 eth1
1587 For a full list of bond-* supported options in /etc/network/interfaces and some
1589 /usr/share/doc/ifenslave-2.6.
1592 ----------------------------------------------
1612 The output of the file /proc/net/bonding/bondX has changed so the output Queue
1615 Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)
1627 Slave queue ID: 0
1633 Slave queue ID: 2
1644 These queue id's can be used in conjunction with the tc utility to configure
1655 These commands tell the kernel to attach a multiqueue queue discipline to the
1657 ip of 192.168.1.100 have their output queue mapping value overwritten to 2.
1666 a pass-through for selecting output queues on the slave device rather than
1670 output slave selection was limited to round-robin and active-backup modes.
1673 ----------------------------------------------------------
1689 (a) ad_actor_system : You can set a random mac-address that can be used for
1691 Also it's preferable to set the local-admin bit. Following shell code
1692 generates a random mac-address as described above.
1704 is 65535, but system can take the value from 1 - 65535. Following shell
1710 (c) ad_user_port_key : Use the user portion of the port-key. The default
1711 keeps this empty. These are the upper 10 bits of the port-key and value
1712 ranges from 0 - 1023. Following shell code generates these 10 bits and
1723 -------------------------
1725 Each bonding device has a read-only file residing in the
1734 Bonding Mode: load balancing (round-robin)
1753 -------------------------
1796 The active-backup, balance-tlb and balance-alb modes do not
1807 The balance-rr, balance-xor and broadcast modes generally
1839 "un-accelerated" by the bonding driver so the VLAN tag sits in the
1846 would pick up the all-zeroes hardware address. Once the first slave
1867 underlying device -- i.e. the bonding interface -- to promiscuous
1883 -------------------------
1893 date the last receive time, dev->last_rx. Drivers that use NETIF_F_LLTX
1894 flag must also update netdev_queue->trans_start. If they do not, then the
1901 ------------------------------------
1924 -------------------------
1953 -------------------------
1988 ----------------------------
1999 options bond0 mode=some-mode miimon=50
2032 ---------------------------------------------------------
2115 For the balance-rr, balance-xor, broadcast, and 802.3ad modes,
2118 For the active-backup, balance-tlb and balance-alb modes, the
2121 For balance-tlb mode, the active slave is the slave currently
2124 For balance-alb mode, the active slave is the slave used as a
2125 "primary." This slave is used for mode-specific control traffic, for
2128 For the active-backup, balance-tlb and balance-alb modes, when
2143 --------------------------------------------------
2157 ----------------------------------------------------
2168 +-----+----+ +-----+----+
2170 | switch A +--------------------------+ switch B |
2172 +-----+----+ +-----++---+
2174 | +-------+ |
2175 +-------------+ host1 +---------------+
2176 eth0 +-------+ eth1
2184 -------------------------------------------------------------
2186 In a topology such as the example above, the active-backup and
2191 active-backup: This is generally the preferred mode, particularly if
2202 necessary for some specific one-way traffic to reach both
2206 ----------------------------------------------------------------
2239 ------------------------------------------------------
2255 +----------+ +----------+
2257 | Host A +---------------------+ router +------------------->
2258 | +---------------------+ | Hosts B and C are out
2260 +----------+ +----------+
2282 +----------+ +----------+ +--------+
2283 | |eth0 port1| +-------+ Host B |
2284 | Host A +------------+ switch |port3 +--------+
2285 | +------------+ | +--------+
2286 | |eth1 port2| +------------------+ Host C |
2287 +----------+ +----------+port4 +--------+
2310 -----------------------------------------------------------
2316 balance-rr: This mode is the only mode that will permit a single
2342 through the switch to a balance-rr bond will not utilize greater
2354 active-backup: There is not much advantage in this network topology to
2355 the active-backup mode, as the inactive backup devices are all
2359 available bandwidth. On the plus side, active-backup mode
2364 balance-xor: This mode will limit traffic such that packets destined
2373 As with balance-rr, the switch ports need to be configured for
2376 broadcast: Like active-backup, there is not much advantage to this
2391 balance modes other than balance-rr, no single connection will
2407 balance-tlb: The balance-tlb mode balances outgoing traffic by peer.
2413 manner (not a simple XOR as in balance-xor or 802.3ad mode),
2425 balance-alb: This mode is everything that balance-tlb is, and more.
2426 It has all of the features (and restrictions) of balance-tlb,
2436 ----------------------------------------------------
2445 -----------------------------------------------------
2451 +-----------+
2453 +-+---+---+-+
2455 +--------+ | +---------+
2457 +------+---+ +-----+----+ +-----+----+
2459 +------+---+ +-----+----+ +-----+----+
2461 +--------+ | +---------+
2463 +-+---+---+-+
2465 +-----------+
2480 -------------------------------------------------------------
2483 configurations of this type is balance-rr. Historically, in this
2488 packets has arrived). When employed in this fashion, the balance-rr
2493 ------------------------------------------------------
2506 -------------------------------------------
2541 --------------------------------
2553 For example, on a bond in active-backup mode with five slaves
2556 # ping -n 10.0.4.2
2580 most Cisco switches, the privileged command "clear mac address-table
2591 --------------------
2596 balance-rr, active-backup, balance-tlb and balance-alb modes. This is
2601 --------------------------------
2604 integrated on the planar (that's "motherboard" in IBM-speak). In the
2607 An add-on Broadcom daughter card can be installed on a JS20 to provide
2616 Additional BladeCenter-specific networking information can be
2620 "IBM eServer BladeCenter Layer 2-7 Network Switching"
2623 ------------------------------------
2648 -------------------------------
2650 The balance-rr mode requires the use of passthrough modules
2653 appropriate ports, as is usual for balance-rr.
2655 The balance-alb and balance-tlb modes will function with
2662 The active-backup mode has no additional requirements.
2665 ----------------------
2680 --------------
2690 avoid fail-over delay issues when using bonding.
2703 Any Ethernet type cards (you can even mix cards - a Intel
2708 slaves in active-backup mode.
2723 disabled. The active-backup mode will fail over to a backup link, and
2750 In the basic balance modes (balance-rr and balance-xor), it
2755 The advanced balance modes (balance-tlb and balance-alb) do
2764 The active-backup mode should work with any Layer-II switch.
2788 # ifconfig bond0 down ; modprobe -r bonding
2796 from the bond (`ifenslave -d bond0 eth0'). The bonding driver will
2810 bonding-devel mailing list, hosted at sourceforge.net. If you have questions or
2813 bonding-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
2818 https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/bonding-devel
2829 http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#netdev
2832 - http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.scyld.com/network/
2837 -- END --