Lines Matching +full:message +full:- +full:handling +full:- +full:unit
130 15.3 Buglets and clean-ups
151 +-----------+-----------+----+
153 +-----------+-----------+----+
155 +----------------------------+
157 +----------------------------+
165 User-Mode Linux as if they were running under a normal kernel, like
170 +----------------+
172 +-----------+----------------+
173 | Process 1 | User-Mode Linux|
174 +----------------------------+
176 +----------------------------+
178 +----------------------------+
189 2. You can run a usermode kernel as a non-root user.
218 kernel. Let's go through the steps, using 2.4.0-prerelease (current
224 the download page <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/
226 In this example, the file is uml-patch-2.4.0-prerelease.bz2.
232 ftp://ftp.ca.kernel.org/pub/kernel/v2.4/linux-2.4.0-prerelease.tar.bz2
233 <ftp://ftp.ca.kernel.org/pub/kernel/v2.4/linux-2.4.0-prerelease.tar.bz2>
258 tar -xzvf linux-2.4.0-prerelease.tar.bz2
275 bzcat uml-patch-2.4.0-prerelease.bz2 | patch -p1
300 distributions, /usr/include/asm is a link into this pool. The user-
313 corresponding user-mode sources with
316 host% cvs co -r v_2_3_x linux
337 the user-mode pool. Modules from the native kernel won't work.
340 virtual machine and dropping them into /lib/modules/`uname -r`.
348 host% mount root_fs mnt -o loop
384 <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/> know, and
391 Many features of the UML kernel require a user-space helper program,
395 o port-helper - Used by consoles which connect to xterms or ports
397 o tunctl - Configuration tool to create and delete tap devices
399 o uml_net - Setuid binary for automatic tap device configuration
401 o uml_switch - User-space virtual switch required for daemon
417 dealing with consoles or command-line switches to the helper programs
443 available for download from here <http://user-mode-
445 <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/> which can be
446 used to generate UML-compatible filesystem images from media.
499 host% minicom -o -p /dev/ttyp1
521 o A login session <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/login.html>
523 o A virtual network <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/net.html>
540 upper 1G (0xc0000000 - 0xffffffff) of the 4G address space and
541 processes use the lower 3G (0x00000000 - 0xbfffffff). However, some
543 the upper 2G (0x80000000 - 0xffffffff) and processes using the lower
544 2G (0x00000000 - 0x7fffffff).
554 (0xa0000000 - 0xbfffffff). Obviously, on 2G/2G hosts, this is right
555 in the middle of the kernel address space, so UML won't even load - it
635 o pseudo-terminals - device=pty pts terminals - device=pts
638 This will cause UML to allocate a free host pseudo-terminal for the
647 o minicom -o -p /dev/ttyxx - minicom seems not able to handle pts
650 o kermit - start it up, 'open' the device, then 'connect'
656 o terminals - device=tty:tty device file
675 o xterms - device=xterm
684 o Port - device=port:port number
705 You access these devices by telnetting to that port. Each active tel-
728 o already-existing file descriptors - device=file descriptor
746 o Nothing - device=null
757 o None - device=none
774 display output on an xterm. That's a silly example - the most common
816 Run one UML with a serial line attached to a pty -
828 tty -
881 The pcap transport is a synthetic read-only interface, using the
896 o ethertap - if you want access to the host networking and it is
899 o TUN/TAP - if you want access to the host networking and it is
904 o Multicast - if you want a purely virtual network and you don't want
907 o a switch daemon - if you want a purely virtual network and you
911 o slip - there is no particular reason to run the slip backend unless
914 o slirp - if you don't have root access on the host to setup
917 o pcap - not much use for actual network connectivity, but great for
923 run occasionally for TUN/TAP, rather than handling every packet, as
969 devices. You can also give the UMLs non-routable IPs (192.168.x.x or
1009 in your path - /usr/bin is recommend. On top of that, uml_net needs
1028 may conflict with the UML IP address-based scheme
1061 UML# ifconfig ethn ip-address up
1099 automatically set up. If you run 'route -n' and see a route that
1116 route del -net 192.168.0.0 dev eth0 netmask 255.255.255.0
1124 route add -host 192.168.0.4 dev eth0
1138 present in UML version 2.4.5-5um and later. Your system must have
1139 multicast enabled in the kernel and there must be a multicast-capable
1181 Harald's original README is here <http://user-mode-linux.source-
1185 There is also a related point-to-point only "ucast" transport.
1200 host. The TUN/TAP backend has been in UML since 2.4.9-3um.
1204 helper do the host setup for you. This involves insmod-ing the tun.o
1214 uml_net helper will do all necessary setup on the host - the only
1267 <http://www.geocrawler.com/> name="this uml-
1275 insecure), with UML 2.4.17-11, you can set up a TUN/TAP device
1286 host# tunctl -u uid
1306 o Set up routing and arping if desired - this is my recipe, there are
1311 bash -c 'echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward'
1314 route add -host 192.168.0.253 dev tap0
1322 bash -c 'echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/tap0/proxy_arp'
1330 arp -Ds 192.168.0.253 eth0 pub
1335 Note that this must be done every time the host boots - this configu-
1433 Making it world-writable looks bad, but it seems not to be
1434 exploitable as a security hole. However, it does allow anyone to cre-
1447 If you don't want that tap device any more, you can make it non-
1451 host# tunctl -d tap device
1456 Finally, tunctl has a -b (for brief mode) switch which causes it to
1461 host# TAP=`tunctl -u 1000 -b`
1517 setup - uml_net will do it for you. You just need to make sure you
1556 insmod ethertap unit=1 -o ethertap1
1572 host network (but see -tap, below).
1583 -unix control socket data socket
1592 -hub
1602 -tap tap0
1657 transport any higher-level protocol, it can only be used to transport
1689 user-space, rather than by the kernel. As slirp does not set up any
1776 the UML eth1 to emit all non-tcp packets on the host eth0.
1784 needed to get things working (the examples use a host-side IP of
1785 192.168.0.251 and a UML-side IP of 192.168.0.250 - adjust to suit your
1790 configured with a point-to-point address pointing at the UML ip
1811 UML# route add -host 192.168.0.250 gw 192.168.0.251
1821 host# arp -Ds 192.168.0.250 eth0 pub
1857 the copy-on-write (COW) layering capability of the ubd block driver.
1858 As of 2.4.6-2um, the driver supports layering a read-write private
1859 device over a read-only shared device. A machine's writes are stored
1860 in the private device, while reads come from either device - the
1874 To add a copy-on-write layer to an existing block device file, simply
1902 space that you're saving, make sure you use 'ls -ls' to see the actual
1905 Here is a 'ls -l' of a COW file and backing file from one boot and
1907 host% ls -l cow.debian debian2.2
1908 -rw-r--r-- 1 jdike jdike 492504064 Aug 6 21:16 cow.debian
1909 -rwxrw-rw- 1 jdike jdike 537919488 Aug 6 20:42 debian2.2
1914 Doesn't look like much saved space, does it? Well, here's 'ls -ls':
1917 host% ls -ls cow.debian debian2.2
1918 880 -rw-r--r-- 1 jdike jdike 492504064 Aug 6 21:16 cow.debian
1919 525832 -rwxrw-rw- 1 jdike jdike 537919488 Aug 6 20:42 debian2.2
1984 there are multiple COWs associated with a backing file, a -d merge of
1987 noticeably faster than a non-destructive merge.
1994 utilities <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/
2062 <----------- MKREISERFSv2 ----------->
2068 Journal - 8192 blocks (18-8209), journal header is in block 8210
2074 Initializing journal - 0%....20%....40%....60%....80%....100%
2133 UML# mount none /mnt/host -t hostfs
2142 specify a subdirectory to mount with the -o switch to mount:
2145 UML# mount none /mnt/home -t hostfs -o /home
2163 host# mount root_fs uml_root_dir -o loop
2180 host# find . -uid 0 -exec chown jdike {} \;
2215 /lib/modules/`uname -r`/fs in the virtual machine, boot it up, and
2235 The UML management console is a low-level interface to the kernel,
2236 somewhat like the i386 SysRq interface. Since there is a full-blown
2255 (/tools/mconsole) in 2.4.5-9um and later, and will be in the RPM in
2330 OK Linux usermode 2.4.5-9um #1 Wed Jun 20 22:47:08 EDT 2001 i686
2335 There are a couple actual uses for this. It's a simple no-op which
2405 Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst in your favorite kernel tree to
2419 This invokes the Ctl-Alt-Del action on init. What exactly this ends
2425 # What to do when CTRL-ALT-DEL is pressed.
2426 ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
2469 is present in 2.4.0-test6 kernels and later.
2472 Since the user-mode kernel runs as a normal Linux process, it is
2482 the config. These will compile the kernel with -g, and enable the
2498 There is a transcript of a debugging session here <debug-
2590 o run UML with 'debug=parent gdb-pid=<pid>' added to the command line
2591 - it will just sit there after you hit return
2634 "fat" "/usr/src/uml/linux-2.4.18/fs/fat/fat.o"
2635 "isofs" "/usr/src/uml/linux-2.4.18/fs/isofs/isofs.o"
2636 "minix" "/usr/src/uml/linux-2.4.18/fs/minix/minix.o"
2650 Start UML as: ./linux <kernel switches> debug gdb-pid=21903
2654 GNU gdb 5.0rh-5 Red Hat Linux 7.1
2660 This GDB was configured as "i386-redhat-linux"...
2710 p/x (int)module_list + module_list->size_of_struct
2713 (UML gdb) symbol-file ./linux
2718 add-symbol-file /home/jdike/linux/2.4/um/arch/um/fs/hostfs/hostfs.o 0xa9021054
2761 for you :-):
2766 printf "%#x\n", (int)module_list module_list->size_of_struct
2778 add-symbol-file /path/to/module/on/host that_address
2799 address you gave to add-symbol-file.
2807 (UML gdb) symbol-file
2815 (UML gdb) symbol-file /path/to/kernel
2820 and repeat the process above. You'll also need to re-enable break-
2839 host% kill -USR1 20093
2893 sh -c 'echo pid=$$; echo -n hit return; read x; exec strace -p 1 -o strace.out'
2897 o Run UML with 'debug' and 'gdb-pid=<pid>' with the pid printed out
2912 doesn't do any of the actual kernel work. It just oversees the vir-
2914 you the low-level activity of the virtual machine.
2925 to fix things up. I ran fsck -y, which hung:
2969 (i.e., without -a or -p options)
2976 (or type Control-D for normal startup):
2978 [root@uml /root]# fsck -y /dev/fhd0
2979 fsck -y /dev/fhd0
2980 Parallelizing fsck version 1.14 (9-Jan-1999)
2981 e2fsck 1.14, 9-Jan-1999 for EXT2 FS 0.5b, 95/08/09
3018 This GDB was configured as "i386-redhat-linux"...
3067 op = 1350467584, fd = -1342177872, proc = 0, pid = 0}}}}
3075 the defines in include/asm-um/arch/unistd.h), and that it never
3204 174 segv(sc->cr2, sc->err & 2);
3295 (gdb) call pgd_offset_proc(vma->vm_mm, address)
3317 sleepers = -1342177872, wait = {lock = <optimized out or zero length>,
3319 __magic = -1342177670, __creator = -1342177300}, __magic = 98},
3390 It's not stack overflow. The only "stack-like" piece of this data is
3431 (i.e., without -a or -p options)
3438 (or type Control-D for normal startup):
3440 [root@uml /root]# fsck -y /dev/fhd0
3441 fsck -y /dev/fhd0
3442 Parallelizing fsck version 1.14 (9-Jan-1999)
3443 e2fsck 1.14, 9-Jan-1999 for EXT2 FS 0.5b, 95/08/09
3471 kill -USR1 4127
3498 This GDB was configured as "i386-redhat-linux"...
3569 174 segv(sc->cr2, sc->err & 2);
3597 107 count -= chars;
3610 p = offset + bh->b_data;
3702 Some sanity-checking: the virtual field shows the "virtual" address of
3746 bootmap_size = init_bootmem(start_pfn, end_pfn - start_pfn);
3747 free_bootmem(__pa(low_physmem) + bootmap_size, high_physmem - low_physmem);
3820 point to /usr/src/linux/asm-um. Make it point back to
3821 /usr/src/linux/asm-i386. Then, move your UML pool someplace else and
3827 13.3. A variety of panics and hangs with /tmp on a reiserfs filesys-
3849 the include/asm link point to include/asm-um. /usr/include/asm points
3851 which need to include the asm-i386 versions of headers get the
3852 incompatible asm-um versions. The fix is to move the include/asm link
3853 back to include/asm-i386 and to do UML builds someplace else.
3861 depends on. The workaround is have /tmp be a non-NFS directory.
3876 UM_FASTCALL from CFLAGS in arch/um/Makefile-i386. This will open up
3888 start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --exec /sbin/syslogd -- $SYSLOGD
3895 this uml-devel post <http://www.geocrawler.com/lists/3/Source-
3937 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
3961 reach the outside world. Usually, this is the host or the local net-
4014 a one-instruction loop. The TSC produces twice the BogoMips as the
4033 uml_utilities, the port-helper program will not work properly, so
4047 host kernel. If you're not running a stock Linus or -ac kernel, then
4052 Otherwise, let me know about it. Send a message to one of the UML
4053 mailing lists - either the developer list - user-mode-linux-devel at
4054 lists dot sourceforge dot net (subscription info) or the user list -
4055 user-mode-linux-user at lists dot sourceforge do net (subscription
4060 If you want to be super-helpful, read ``Diagnosing Problems'' and
4067 list - user-mode-linux-devel at lists dot sourceforge dot net
4068 (subscription info) or the user list - user-mode-linux-user at lists
4126 The reason for this is the __restore frame right above the segv_han-
4175 In this case, you'll need to get a backtrace from the process men-
4183 host% kill -STOP pid
4216 kill -CONT pid
4268 or no link at all, instead of the despammed email address pseudo-link,
4279 Rusty Russell <rusty at linuxcare.com.au> -
4281 o wrote the HOWTO <http://user-mode-
4282 linux.sourceforge.net/UserModeLinux-HOWTO.html>
4287 o came up with the way cool UML logo <http://user-mode-
4288 linux.sourceforge.net/uml-small.png>
4293 Peter Moulder <reiter at netspace.net.au> - Fixed my config and build
4297 Bill Stearns <wstearns at pobox.com> -
4308 RPM-based distributions to be cranked out
4313 Jim Leu <jleu at mindspring.com> - Wrote the virtual ethernet driver
4316 Lars Brinkhoff <http://lars.nocrew.org/> - Contributed the ptrace
4321 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea at suse.de> - Redid some of the early boot
4325 Chris Emerson <http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~cemerson/> - Did
4329 Harald Welte <laforge at gnumonks.org> - Wrote the multicast
4333 Jorgen Cederlof - Added special file support to hostfs
4336 Greg Lonnon <glonnon at ridgerun dot com> - Changed the ubd driver
4337 to allow it to layer a COW file on a shared read-only filesystem and
4341 Henrik Nordstrom <http://hem.passagen.se/hno/> - Provided a variety
4345 Lennert Buytenhek - Contributed various patches, a rewrite of the
4350 Yon Uriarte - Fixed the TUN/TAP network backend while I slept.
4353 Adam Heath - Made a bunch of nice cleanups to the initialization code,
4357 Matt Zimmerman - Matt volunteered to be the UML Debian maintainer and
4363 James McMechan - James seems to have taken over maintenance of the ubd
4367 Chandan Kudige - wrote the umlgdb script which automates the reloading
4371 Steve Schmidtke - wrote the UML slirp transport and hostaudio drivers,
4376 David Coulson <http://davidcoulson.net> -
4380 UML goings-on.
4450 o Muli Ben-Yehuda
4471 15.3. Buglets and clean-ups
4554 is now gracing the top of the index page <http://user-mode-
4558 uni-koblenz.de> ) gave me an account on oss.sgi.com
4571 wrong with it, letting me fix a long-standing (several weeks) and
4576 <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/dl-sf.html> page in the Jail