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1 /**
2  * Copyright (c) 2021-2022 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
3  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
4  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
5  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
6  *
7  * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
8  *
9  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
10  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
11  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
12  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
13  * limitations under the License.
14  */
15 
16 #include "runtime/include/runtime.h"
17 #include "runtime/include/panda_vm.h"
18 #include "runtime/mem/gc/gc_root.h"
19 #include "runtime/mem/heap_verifier.h"
20 
21 namespace panda::mem {
22 
23 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage)
24 #define LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER LOG(ERROR, GC) << "HEAP_VERIFIER: "
25 
26 // Should be called only with MutatorLock held
27 template <class LanguageConfig>
VerifyAllPaused() const28 size_t HeapVerifier<LanguageConfig>::VerifyAllPaused() const
29 {
30     Rendezvous *rendezvous = Thread::GetCurrent()->GetVM()->GetRendezvous();
31     rendezvous->SafepointBegin();
32     size_t failCount = VerifyAll();
33     rendezvous->SafepointEnd();
34     return failCount;
35 }
36 
37 template <LangTypeT LANG_TYPE>
operator ()(ObjectHeader * obj)38 void HeapObjectVerifier<LANG_TYPE>::operator()(ObjectHeader *obj)
39 {
40     HeapReferenceVerifier<LANG_TYPE> refVerifier(heap_, failCount_);
41     ObjectHelpers<LANG_TYPE>::TraverseAllObjects(obj, refVerifier);
42 }
43 
44 template <LangTypeT LANG_TYPE>
operator ()(ObjectHeader * objectHeader,ObjectHeader * referent)45 void HeapReferenceVerifier<LANG_TYPE>::operator()([[maybe_unused]] ObjectHeader *objectHeader, ObjectHeader *referent)
46 {
47     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-braces-around-statements, bugprone-suspicious-semicolon)
48     if constexpr (LANG_TYPE == LANG_TYPE_DYNAMIC) {
49         // Weak reference can be passed here, need to resolve the referent
50         coretypes::TaggedValue value(referent);
51         if (value.IsWeak()) {
52             referent = value.GetWeakReferent();
53         }
54     }
55     if (!heap_->IsLiveObject(referent)) {
56         LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER << "Heap corruption found! Heap object " << std::hex << objectHeader
57                           << " references a dead object at " << referent;
58         ++(*failCount_);
59     } else if (referent->IsForwarded()) {
60         LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER << "Heap corruption found! Heap object " << std::hex << objectHeader
61                           << " references a forwarded object at " << referent;
62         ++(*failCount_);
63     }
64 }
65 
66 template <LangTypeT LANG_TYPE>
operator ()(const GCRoot & root)67 void HeapReferenceVerifier<LANG_TYPE>::operator()(const GCRoot &root)
68 {
69     auto referent = root.GetObjectHeader();
70     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-braces-around-statements, bugprone-suspicious-semicolon)
71     if constexpr (LANG_TYPE == LANG_TYPE_DYNAMIC) {
72         // Weak reference can be passed here, need to resolve the referent
73         coretypes::TaggedValue value(referent);
74         if (value.IsWeak()) {
75             referent = value.GetWeakReferent();
76         }
77     }
78     if (!heap_->IsLiveObject(referent)) {
79         LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER << "Heap corruption found! Root references a dead object at " << std::hex << referent;
80         ++(*failCount_);
81     } else if (referent->IsForwarded()) {
82         LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER << "Heap corruption found! Root references a forwarded object at " << std::hex << referent;
83         ++(*failCount_);
84     }
85 }
86 
87 template <class LanguageConfig>
IsValidObjectAddress(void * addr) const88 bool HeapVerifier<LanguageConfig>::IsValidObjectAddress(void *addr) const
89 {
90     return IsAligned<DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT_IN_BYTES>(ToUintPtr(addr)) && IsHeapAddress(addr);
91 }
92 
93 template <class LanguageConfig>
IsHeapAddress(void * addr) const94 bool HeapVerifier<LanguageConfig>::IsHeapAddress(void *addr) const
95 {
96     return heap_->ContainObject(reinterpret_cast<ObjectHeader *>(addr));
97 }
98 
99 template <class LanguageConfig>
VerifyHeap() const100 size_t HeapVerifier<LanguageConfig>::VerifyHeap() const
101 {
102     return heap_->VerifyHeapReferences();
103 }
104 
105 template <class LanguageConfig>
VerifyRoot() const106 size_t HeapVerifier<LanguageConfig>::VerifyRoot() const
107 {
108     RootManager<LanguageConfig> rootManager;
109     size_t failCount = 0;
110     rootManager.SetPandaVM(heap_->GetPandaVM());
111     rootManager.VisitNonHeapRoots([this, &failCount](const GCRoot &root) {
112         if (root.GetType() == RootType::ROOT_FRAME || root.GetType() == RootType::ROOT_THREAD) {
113             auto *baseCls = root.GetObjectHeader()->ClassAddr<BaseClass>();
114             if (baseCls == nullptr) {
115                 LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER << "Heap corruption found! Class address for root " << std::hex
116                                   << root.GetObjectHeader() << " is null";
117                 ++failCount;
118             } else if (!(!baseCls->IsDynamicClass() && static_cast<Class *>(baseCls)->IsClassClass())) {
119                 HeapReferenceVerifier<LanguageConfig::LANG_TYPE>(heap_, &failCount)(root);
120             }
121         }
122     });
123 
124     return failCount;
125 }
126 
127 template <class LanguageConfig>
VerifyAll() const128 size_t FastHeapVerifier<LanguageConfig>::VerifyAll() const
129 {
130     PandaUnorderedSet<const ObjectHeader *> heapObjects;
131     PandaVector<ObjectCache> referentObjects;
132     size_t failsCount = 0;
133 
134     auto lazyVerify = [&heapObjects, &referentObjects, &failsCount](const ObjectHeader *objectHeader,
135                                                                     const ObjectHeader *referent) {
136         // Lazy verify during heap objects collection
137         if (heapObjects.find(referent) == heapObjects.end()) {
138             referentObjects.push_back(ObjectCache({objectHeader, referent}));
139         }
140         if (objectHeader->IsForwarded()) {
141             LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER << "Heap object " << std::hex << objectHeader << " is forwarded object";
142             ++failsCount;
143         }
144         auto *classAddr = objectHeader->ClassAddr<BaseClass>();
145         if (!IsAddressInObjectsHeap(classAddr)) {
146             LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER << "Heap object " << std::hex << objectHeader
147                               << " has non-heap class address: " << classAddr;
148             ++failsCount;
149         }
150     };
151     const std::function<void(ObjectHeader *, ObjectHeader *)> lazyVerifyFunctor(lazyVerify);
152     auto collectObjects = [&heapObjects, &lazyVerifyFunctor](ObjectHeader *object) {
153         heapObjects.insert(object);
154         ObjectHelpers<LanguageConfig::LANG_TYPE>::TraverseAllObjects(object, lazyVerifyFunctor);
155     };
156 
157     // Heap objects verifier
158 
159     // Add strings from string table because these objects are like a phoenix.
160     // A string object may exist but there are no live references to it (no bit set in the live bitmap).
161     // But later code may reuse it by calling StringTable::GetOrInternString so this string
162     // get alive. That is why we mark all strings as alive by visiting the string table.
163     Thread::GetCurrent()->GetVM()->VisitStrings(collectObjects);
164     heap_->IterateOverObjects(collectObjects);
165     for (auto objectCache : referentObjects) {
166         if (heapObjects.find(objectCache.referent) == heapObjects.end()) {
167             static constexpr const char *UNKNOWN_CLASS = "unknown class";
168             PandaString refClassStr = UNKNOWN_CLASS;
169             PandaString objClassStr = UNKNOWN_CLASS;
170             if constexpr (LanguageConfig::LANG_TYPE == LANG_TYPE_STATIC) {
171                 auto *cls = objectCache.referent->template ClassAddr<Class>();
172                 if (IsAddressInObjectsHeap(cls)) {
173                     refClassStr = cls->GetName();
174                 }
175                 cls = objectCache.heapObject->template ClassAddr<Class>();
176                 if (IsAddressInObjectsHeap(cls)) {
177                     objClassStr = cls->GetName();
178                 }
179             }
180             LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER << "Heap object " << std::hex << objectCache.heapObject << " (" << objClassStr
181                               << ") references a dead object at " << objectCache.referent << " (" << refClassStr << ")";
182             ++failsCount;
183         }
184     }
185     // Stack verifier
186     RootManager<LanguageConfig> rootManager;
187     rootManager.SetPandaVM(heap_->GetPandaVM());
188     auto rootVerifier = [&heapObjects, &failsCount](const GCRoot &root) {
189         const auto *rootObjHeader = root.GetObjectHeader();
190         auto *baseCls = rootObjHeader->ClassAddr<BaseClass>();
191         if (!IsAddressInObjectsHeap(ToUintPtr(baseCls))) {
192             LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER << "Class address for root " << std::hex << rootObjHeader
193                               << " is not in objects heap: " << baseCls;
194             ++failsCount;
195         } else if (baseCls->IsDynamicClass() || !static_cast<Class *>(baseCls)->IsClassClass()) {
196             if (heapObjects.find(rootObjHeader) == heapObjects.end()) {
197                 LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER << "Root references a dead object at " << std::hex << rootObjHeader;
198                 ++failsCount;
199             }
200         }
201     };
202     rootManager.VisitLocalRoots(rootVerifier);
203 
204     return failsCount;
205 }
206 
ObjectVerificationInfo(ObjectHeader * referent)207 ObjectVerificationInfo::ObjectVerificationInfo(ObjectHeader *referent)
208     : classAddress_(referent->ClassAddr<void *>()), oldAddress_(referent)
209 {
210 }
211 
VerifyUpdatedRef(ObjectHeader * objectHeader,ObjectHeader * updatedRef,bool inAliveSpace) const212 bool ObjectVerificationInfo::VerifyUpdatedRef(ObjectHeader *objectHeader, ObjectHeader *updatedRef,
213                                               bool inAliveSpace) const
214 {
215     ObjectHeader *correctAddress = oldAddress_;
216     if (!inAliveSpace) {
217         if (!oldAddress_->IsForwarded()) {
218             LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER << "Object " << std::hex << objectHeader << " had reference " << oldAddress_
219                               << ", which is not forwarded, new reference address: " << updatedRef;
220             return false;
221         }
222         correctAddress = GetForwardAddress(oldAddress_);
223     }
224     if (correctAddress != updatedRef) {
225         LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER << "Object " << std::hex << objectHeader << " has incorrect updated reference " << updatedRef
226                           << ", correct address: " << correctAddress;
227         return false;
228     }
229     void *newClassAddr = updatedRef->ClassAddr<void *>();
230     if (newClassAddr != classAddress_) {
231         LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER << "Object " << std::hex << objectHeader << " has incorrect class address (" << newClassAddr
232                           << ") in updated reference " << updatedRef
233                           << ", class address before collection: " << classAddress_;
234         return false;
235     }
236 
237     return true;
238 }
239 
240 template <class LanguageConfig>
InCollectableSpace(const ObjectHeader * object) const241 bool HeapVerifierIntoGC<LanguageConfig>::InCollectableSpace(const ObjectHeader *object) const
242 {
243     for (const auto &memRange : this->collectableMemRanges_) {
244         if (memRange.Contains(ToUintPtr(object))) {
245             return true;
246         }
247     }
248     return false;
249 }
250 
251 template <class LanguageConfig>
InAliveSpace(const ObjectHeader * object) const252 bool HeapVerifierIntoGC<LanguageConfig>::InAliveSpace(const ObjectHeader *object) const
253 {
254     for (const auto &memRange : this->aliveMemRanges_) {
255         if (memRange.Contains(ToUintPtr(object))) {
256             return true;
257         }
258     }
259     return false;
260 }
261 
262 template <class LanguageConfig>
AddToVerificationInfo(RefsVerificationInfo & verificationInfo,size_t refNumber,ObjectHeader * objectHeader,ObjectHeader * referent)263 void HeapVerifierIntoGC<LanguageConfig>::AddToVerificationInfo(RefsVerificationInfo &verificationInfo, size_t refNumber,
264                                                                ObjectHeader *objectHeader, ObjectHeader *referent)
265 {
266     if (this->InCollectableSpace(referent)) {
267         ObjectVerificationInfo objInfo(referent);
268         auto it = verificationInfo.find(objectHeader);
269         if (it != verificationInfo.end()) {
270             it->second.insert({refNumber, objInfo});
271         } else {
272             verificationInfo.insert({objectHeader, VerifyingRefs({{refNumber, objInfo}})});
273         }
274     }
275 }
276 
277 template <class LanguageConfig>
CollectVerificationInfo(PandaVector<MemRange> && collectableMemRanges)278 void HeapVerifierIntoGC<LanguageConfig>::CollectVerificationInfo(PandaVector<MemRange> &&collectableMemRanges)
279 {
280     size_t refNumber = 0;
281     collectableMemRanges_ = std::move(collectableMemRanges);
282     const std::function<void(ObjectHeader *, ObjectHeader *)> refsCollector =
283         [this, &refNumber](ObjectHeader *objectHeader, ObjectHeader *referent) {
284             if (this->InCollectableSpace(objectHeader)) {
285                 this->AddToVerificationInfo(this->collectableVerificationInfo_, refNumber, objectHeader, referent);
286             } else {
287                 this->AddToVerificationInfo(this->permanentVerificationInfo_, refNumber, objectHeader, referent);
288             }
289             ++refNumber;
290         };
291 
292     auto collectFunctor = [&refNumber, &refsCollector](ObjectHeader *object) {
293         if (object->IsMarkedForGC<false>()) {
294             refNumber = 0;
295             ObjectHelpers<LanguageConfig::LANG_TYPE>::TraverseAllObjects(object, refsCollector);
296         }
297     };
298     heap_->IterateOverObjects(collectFunctor);
299 }
300 
301 template <class LanguageConfig>
VerifyAll(PandaVector<MemRange> && aliveMemRanges)302 size_t HeapVerifierIntoGC<LanguageConfig>::VerifyAll(PandaVector<MemRange> &&aliveMemRanges)
303 {
304     size_t failsCount = 0U;
305     size_t refNumber = 0U;
306     aliveMemRanges_ = std::move(aliveMemRanges);
307     auto it = permanentVerificationInfo_.begin();
308     for (auto &info : collectableVerificationInfo_) {
309         ObjectHeader *obj = info.first;
310         if (obj->IsForwarded()) {
311             // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
312             permanentVerificationInfo_[GetForwardAddress(obj)] = std::move(info.second);
313         } else if (this->InAliveSpace(obj)) {
314             // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
315             permanentVerificationInfo_[obj] = std::move(info.second);
316         }
317     }
318     collectableVerificationInfo_.clear();
319     const std::function<void(ObjectHeader *, ObjectHeader *)> nonYoungChecker =
320         [this, &failsCount](const ObjectHeader *objectHeader, const ObjectHeader *referent) {
321             if (this->InCollectableSpace(referent)) {
322                 LOG_HEAP_VERIFIER << "Object " << std::hex << objectHeader << " references a dead object " << referent
323                                   << " after collection";
324                 ++failsCount;
325             }
326         };
327     const std::function<void(ObjectHeader *, ObjectHeader *)> sameObjChecker =
328         [this, &nonYoungChecker, &refNumber, &failsCount, &it](ObjectHeader *objectHeader, ObjectHeader *referent) {
329             auto refIt = it->second.find(refNumber);
330             if (refIt != it->second.end()) {
331                 if (!refIt->second.VerifyUpdatedRef(objectHeader, referent, this->InAliveSpace(referent))) {
332                     ++failsCount;
333                 }
334             } else {
335                 nonYoungChecker(objectHeader, referent);
336             }
337             ++refNumber;
338         };
339     // Check references in alive objects
340     ObjectVisitor traverseAliveObj = [&nonYoungChecker, &sameObjChecker, &refNumber, this, &it](ObjectHeader *object) {
341         if (!object->IsMarkedForGC<false>() || (this->InCollectableSpace(object) && !this->InAliveSpace(object))) {
342             return;
343         }
344         it = this->permanentVerificationInfo_.find(object);
345         if (it == this->permanentVerificationInfo_.end()) {
346             ObjectHelpers<LanguageConfig::LANG_TYPE>::TraverseAllObjects(object, nonYoungChecker);
347         } else {
348             refNumber = 0U;
349             ObjectHelpers<LanguageConfig::LANG_TYPE>::TraverseAllObjects(object, sameObjChecker);
350         }
351     };
352     heap_->IterateOverObjects(traverseAliveObj);
353     return failsCount;
354 }
355 
356 TEMPLATE_CLASS_LANGUAGE_CONFIG(HeapVerifier);
357 TEMPLATE_CLASS_LANGUAGE_CONFIG(FastHeapVerifier);
358 TEMPLATE_CLASS_LANGUAGE_CONFIG(HeapVerifierIntoGC);
359 }  // namespace panda::mem
360