Lines Matching +full:- +full:- +full:disk

1 .\" Copyright 2011-2024 Roderick W. Smith (rodsmith@rodsbooks.com)
5 gdisk \- Interactive GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator
8 [ \-l ]
12 GPT fdisk (aka \fBgdisk\fR) is a text\-mode menu\-driven program for
14 convert an old\-style Master Boot Record (MBR) partition table or BSD
17 partition table. When used with the \fI\-l\fR command\-line option, the
36 modify disk structures until you explicitly write them to disk, so if you
40 Ordinarily, \fBgdisk\fR operates on disk device files, such as
43 can also operate on disk image files, which can be either copies of whole
44 disks (made with \fBdd\fR, for instance) or raw disk images used by
45 emulators such as QEMU or VMWare. Note that only \fIraw\fR disk images
47 disk image formats.
51 and limiting. GPT drops CHS addressing and uses 64\-bit LBA mode
57 For best results, you should use an OS\-specific partition table
59 partitions with the Mac OS X Disk Utility program and Linux partitions
63 the disk. If it finds valid GPT data, \fBgdisk\fR will use it. If
68 data in, Apple Partition Map (APM) disks, which are used on 680x0\- and
69 PowerPC\-based Macintoshes. Upon exiting with the 'w' option, \fBgdisk\fR
72 may become corrupted if the disk uses unrecognized type codes. Boot
73 problems are particularly likely if you're multi\-booting with any
74 GPT\-unaware OS. If you mistakenly launch \fBgdisk\fR on an MBR disk, you
78 The MBR\-to\-GPT conversion will leave at least one gap in the partition
88 For data (non\-boot) disks, and for boot disks used on BIOS\-based computers
94 Boot disks for EFI\-based systems require an \fIEFI System Partition\fR
95 (\fBgdisk\fR internal code 0xEF00) formatted as FAT\-32. I recommended
98 operation.) Boot\-related files are stored here. (Note that GNU Parted
103 Some boot loaders for BIOS\-based systems make use of a \fIBIOS Boot
112 If Windows is to boot from a GPT disk, a partition of type \fIMicrosoft
123 each partition. The intent is to enable future disk utilities to use this
125 help in future disk maintenance. You can use GPT fdisk's relative partition
131 .B \-l
136 occur with its interactive text\-mode menus. Three menus exist: the main
143 in\-memory partition table to a disk file using this option. The resulting
146 order. Note that the backup is of the current in\-memory data structures, so
155 Change the GPT name of a partition. This name is encoded as a UTF\-16
167 the partition on the disk. If a corresponding hybrid MBR partition exists,
183 compresses these into two\-byte (four\-digit hexadecimal) values that are
186 space in MBR is 0x82, and it's 0x8200 in \fBgdisk\fR. A one\-to\-one
192 FreeBSD swap, and so on. Note that these two\-byte codes are unique to
196 performed case\-insensitively.
206 from the start of the disk. You can specify locations relative to the start
207 or end of the specified default range by preceding the number by a '+' or '\-'
209 default start sector, or \fI\fB\-200M\fR\fR to specify a point 200MiB
220 is reset to the default (1 MiB, or 2048 sectors on a disk with 512-byte
246 partitions on the disk. If you want them to match, you can use this option.
254 two\-byte hexadecimal number, as described earlier. You may also enter a
259 Verify disk. This option checks for a variety of problems, such as
263 this command displays a summary of unallocated disk space.
300 damaged, you can use this option to load the backup from disk and use it
302 partition entries if you've just converted an MBR disk to GPT format, since
303 there will be no backup partition table on disk.
313 from disk. It's only likely to be useful if you've tried to use the backup
332 partitions on disks with tightly\-packed partitions; however, if free space was
333 inserted between partitions when they were created, and if the disk is under
339 Create a hybrid MBR. This is an ugly workaround that enables GPT\-unaware
340 OSes, or those that can't boot from a GPT disk, to access up to three of
341 the partitions on the disk by creating MBR entries for them. Note that
343 particularly when hybrid\-unaware GPT utilities are used to edit the disk.
344 Thus, you may need to re\-create the hybrid MBR if you use such tools. Unlike
357 but the original disk is not recommended.
361 Return to the main menu. This option enables you to enter main\-menu commands.
384 will attempt to convert BSD disklabels stored on the main disk when
392 Verify disk. This option is identical to the 'v' option in the main menu.
396 Write table to disk and exit. This option is identical to the 'w' option in
416 Set attributes. GPT provides a 64\-bit attributes field that can be used to
418 \fIsystem partition\fR, \fIread\-only\fR, \fIhidden\fR, and
427 partition name in the wrong byte order on big-endian computers, such as the
428 IBM s390 mainframes and PowerPC-based Macs. This feature corrects this
435 partition, not to its type code, which you can change with the 't' main\-menu
448 Move backup GPT data structures to the end of the disk. Use this command if
449 you've added disks to a RAID array, thus creating a virtual disk with space
451 GPT data structures to the end of the disk, where they belong.
455 Randomize the disk's GUID and all partitions' unique GUIDs (but not their
456 partition type code GUIDs). This function may be used after cloning a disk
461 Change disk GUID. Each disk has a unique GUID code, which \fBgdisk\fR
468 help if a disk utility, OS, or BIOS doesn't like the CHS values used by the
470 specification requires a CHS value of 0xFFFFFF for over-8GiB partitions,
473 CHS value -- 0xFEFFFF for over-8GiB partitions, enabling these BIOSes to
485 system\-on\-chip (SoC) is hard\-coded to read boot code from sector 2. I
492 normally located just before the backup metadata at the end of the disk, but
503 sectors on disks with 512-byte sectors) by default, which optimizes
504 performance for all of these disk types. On pre\-partitioned disks, GPT
505 fdisk attempts to identify the alignment value used on that disk, but will
506 set 8-sector alignment on disks larger than 300 GB even if lesser alignment
511 alignment value in size. Some disk encryption tools require partitions to be
517 Return to the main menu. This option enables you to enter main\-menu commands.
559 empty. For instance, if partitions 1\-4 are defined, transposing 1 and 5
560 results in a table with partitions numbered from 2\-5. Transposing
561 partitions in this way has no effect on their disk space allocation; it
571 \fBf\fR option on the new disk.
575 Verify disk. This option is identical to the 'v' option in the main menu.
580 repartition a GPT disk using \fBfdisk\fR or some other GPT\-unaware program.
604 Linux versions for x86\-64 (64\-bit), x86 (32\-bit), and PowerPC (32\-bit) have been
605 tested, with the x86\-64 version having seen the most testing. Under FreeBSD,
606 32\-bit (x86) and 64\-bit (x86\-64) versions have been tested. Only 32\-bit
608 I've heard of 64-bit versions being successfully compiled.
613 table to a disk when existing partitions on that disk are mounted. (The
628 partition name field. If an existing partition uses non\-ASCII UTF\-16
631 partitions. Binaries for Linux, FreeBSD, and OS X support full UTF-16
640 will require using a larger\-than\-normal partition table. (The limit
647 the start or (more commonly) the end of the disk. Resizing the partition
655 MBR conversions work only if the disk has correct LBA partition
656 descriptors. These descriptors should be present on any disk over 8 GiB in
669 conversions from this form may be unreliable \-\- partitions may be dropped,
676 Booting after converting an MBR or BSD disklabel disk is likely to be
677 disrupted. Sometimes re\-installing a boot loader will fix the problem, but
678 other times you may need to switch boot loaders. Except on EFI\-based