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5 The Linux kernel contains a variety of code for running as a fully
15 Hyper-V runs on x86/x64 and arm64 architectures, and Linux guests
19 Linux Guest Communication with Hyper-V
21 Linux guests communicate with Hyper-V in four different ways:
26 to the Linux kernel.
28 * Explicit hypercalls: Linux makes an explicit function call to
31 processor registers or in memory shared between the Linux guest and
38 the guest, and the Linux kernel can read or write these MSRs using
45 the Hyper-V host and the Linux guest. It uses memory that is shared
63 Many aspects are communication between Hyper-V and Linux are based
67 * Linux allocates memory from its physical address space using
68 standard Linux mechanisms.
70 * Linux tells Hyper-V the guest physical address (GPA) of the
82 * Linux can later revoke sharing it has previously established by
87 range of 4 Kbytes. Since the Linux guest page size on x86/x64 is
90 defined by the arm64 architecture. If Linux is using 16 or 64
91 Kbyte pages, Linux code must be careful to communicate with Hyper-V
97 and the Linux guest are "overlay" pages. With overlay pages, Linux
102 VM. Linux may access the memory normally as if it were the memory
104 only because the contents of the page (as seen by Linux) change at
105 the time that Linux originally establishes the sharing and the
106 overlay page is inserted. Similarly, the contents change if Linux
108 and the guest page originally allocated by Linux becomes visible
111 Before Linux does a kexec to a kdump kernel or any other kernel,
116 guest VMs, so Linux code must individually revoke all sharing before
128 more CPUs than are actually present in the VM. As is normal, Linux
132 only the CPUs actually present in the VM, so Linux does not report
135 A Linux guest CPU may be taken offline using the normal Linux
143 On x86/x64, Hyper-V supports 32-bit and 64-bit guests, and Linux
154 supported by Hyper-V, and Linux code does not use endian-ness macros
159 Current Linux kernels operate correctly with older versions of
164 A Linux guest on Hyper-V outputs in dmesg the version of Hyper-V
166 number and is for display purposes only. Linux code does not
186 Hyper-V related code appears in the Linux kernel code tree in three