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/Documentation/hid/
Dhidraw.rst2 HIDRAW - Raw Access to USB and Bluetooth Human Interface Devices
15 Hidraw is also useful for communicating with non-conformant HID devices
19 communication with these non-conformant devices is impossible using hiddev.
21 these non-conformant devices.
31 directly under /dev (eg: /dev/hidraw0). As this location is distribution-
32 and udev rule-dependent, applications should use libudev to locate hidraw
40 ---------------
43 -------
47 a report available to be read. read() can be made non-blocking, by passing
57 -------
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/Documentation/admin-guide/media/
Dmgb4.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
7 ---------------
13 There are two types of parameters - global / PCI card related, found under
23 | 0 - No module present
24 | 1 - FPDL3
25 | 2 - GMSL
33 | 1 - FPDL3
34 | 2 - GMSL
42 PRODUCT-REVISION-SERIES-SERIAL
55 | 0 - single
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/Documentation/arch/powerpc/
Dcpu_features.rst8 This document describes the system (including self-modifying code) used in the
10 compile-time selection.
23 C code may test 'cur_cpu_spec[smp_processor_id()]->cpu_features' for a
28 several paths that are performance-critical and would suffer if an array
30 performance penalty but still allow for runtime (rather than compile-time) CPU
32 based on CPU 0's capabilities, so a multi-processor system with non-identical
53 cur_cpu_spec[0]->cpu_features) or is cleared, respectively. These two macros
/Documentation/i2c/busses/
Di2c-piix4.rst2 Kernel driver i2c-piix4
9 * ServerWorks OSB4, CSB5, CSB6, HT-1000 and HT-1100 southbridges
18 * AMD Hudson-2, ML, CZ
26 - Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>
27 - Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com>
31 -----------------
40 -----------
45 SMBus - you can not access it on I2C levels. The good news is that it
47 timing problems. The bad news is that non-SMBus devices connected to it can
50 Do ``lspci -v`` and see whether it contains an entry like this::
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/Documentation/filesystems/
Dsharedsubtree.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
11 4) Use-case
19 -----------
27 It provides the necessary building blocks for features like per-user-namespace
31 -----------
49 mount --make-shared /mnt
51 Note: mount(8) command now supports the --make-shared flag,
57 # mount --bind /mnt /tmp
60 and the contents of both the mounts remain identical.
94 # mount --make-shared /mnt
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Disofs.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
22 There is also an option of doing UTF-8 translations with the
24 utf8 Encode Unicode names in UTF-8 format. Default is no.
36 map=off Do not map non-Rock Ridge filenames to lower case
37 map=normal Map non-Rock Ridge filenames to lower case
59 - http://www.y-adagio.com/
60 - ftp://ftp.ecma.ch/ecma-st/Ecma-119.pdf
62 Quoting from the PDF "This 2nd Edition of Standard ECMA-119 is technically
63 identical with ISO 9660.", so it is a valid and gratis substitute of the
/Documentation/arch/riscv/
Dvm-layout.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
4 Virtual Memory Layout on RISC-V Linux
10 This document describes the virtual memory layout used by the RISC-V Linux
13 RISC-V Linux Kernel 32bit
16 RISC-V Linux Kernel SV32
17 ------------------------
21 RISC-V Linux Kernel 64bit
24 The RISC-V privileged architecture document states that the 64bit addresses
25 "must have bits 63–48 all equal to bit 47, or else a page-fault exception will
28 the RISC-V Linux Kernel resides.
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/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/
Dcolorspaces-details.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
8 .. _col-smpte-170m:
20 .. flat-table:: SMPTE 170M Chromaticities
21 :header-rows: 1
22 :stub-columns: 0
25 * - Color
26 - x
27 - y
28 * - Red
29 - 0.630
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Dpixfmt-yuv-planar.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
3 .. planar-yuv:
12 - Semi-planar formats use two planes. The first plane is the luma plane and
16 - Fully planar formats use three planes to store the Y, Cb and Cr components
26 and applications that support the multi-planar API, described in
27 :ref:`planar-apis`. Unless explicitly documented as supporting non-contiguous
31 Semi-Planar YUV Formats
41 chroma lines is identical to the padding of the luma lines. Without horizontal
46 For non-contiguous formats, no constraints are enforced by the format on the
57 .. flat-table:: Overview of Semi-Planar YUV Formats
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Dvidioc-subdev-enum-frame-size.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
13 VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_SIZE - Enumerate media bus frame sizes
35 supported by a sub-device on the specified pad
59 Sub-devices that only support discrete frame sizes (such as most
60 sensors) will return one or more frame sizes with identical minimum and
64 supported. For instance, a scaler that uses a fixed-point scaling ratio
68 sub-device for an exact supported frame size.
71 pads of the sub-device, as well as on the current active links and the
80 .. flat-table:: struct v4l2_subdev_frame_size_enum
81 :header-rows: 0
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Ddev-subdev.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
6 Sub-device Interface
13 components as software blocks called sub-devices.
15 V4L2 sub-devices are usually kernel-only objects. If the V4L2 driver
17 media entities. Applications will be able to enumerate the sub-devices
21 In addition to make sub-devices discoverable, drivers can also choose to
23 sub-device driver and the V4L2 device driver support this, sub-devices
26 - query, read and write sub-devices controls
28 - subscribe and unsubscribe to events and retrieve them
30 - negotiate image formats on individual pads
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/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/
Dmm.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
7 Complete virtual memory map with 4-level page tables
12 - Negative addresses such as "-23 TB" are absolute addresses in bytes, counted down
13 from the top of the 64-bit address space. It's easier to understand the layout
14 when seen both in absolute addresses and in distance-from-top notation.
16 For example 0xffffe90000000000 == -23 TB, it's 23 TB lower than the top of the
17 64-bit address space (ffffffffffffffff).
22 - "16M TB" might look weird at first sight, but it's an easier way to visualize size
24 It also shows it nicely how incredibly large 64-bit address space is.
32 …0000000000000000 | 0 | 00007fffffffffff | 128 TB | user-space virtual memory, different …
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/Documentation/networking/caif/
Dcaif.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
10 :Copyright: |copy| ST-Ericsson AB 2010
40 The use of Start-of-frame-extension (STX) must also be set as
59 /sys/kernel/debug/caif_serial/<tty-name>/
61 * ser_state: Prints the bit-mask status where
63 - 0x02 means SENDING, this is a transient state.
64 - 0x10 means FLOW_OFF_SENT, i.e. the previous frame has not been sent
68 * tty_status: Prints the bit-mask tty status information
70 - 0x01 - tty->warned is on.
71 - 0x04 - tty->packed is on.
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/Documentation/process/
Dlicense-rules.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
9 License version 2 only (GPL-2.0), as provided in LICENSES/preferred/GPL-2.0,
11 LICENSES/exceptions/Linux-syscall-note, as described in the COPYING file.
19 which is required to be compatible with the GPL-2.0::
21 GPL-1.0+ : GNU General Public License v1.0 or later
22 GPL-2.0+ : GNU General Public License v2.0 or later
23 LGPL-2.0 : GNU Library General Public License v2 only
24 LGPL-2.0+ : GNU Library General Public License v2 or later
25 LGPL-2.1 : GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 only
26 LGPL-2.1+ : GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 or later
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/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/
Dnommu-mmap.rst2 No-MMU memory mapping support
5 The kernel has limited support for memory mapping under no-MMU conditions, such
16 The behaviour is similar between the MMU and no-MMU cases, but not identical;
21 In the MMU case: VM regions backed by arbitrary pages; copy-on-write
24 In the no-MMU case: VM regions backed by arbitrary contiguous runs of
31 the no-MMU case doesn't support these, behaviour is identical to
39 In the no-MMU case:
41 - If one exists, the kernel will re-use an existing mapping to the
45 - If possible, the file mapping will be directly on the backing device
50 - If the backing device can't or won't permit direct sharing,
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Dpagemap.rst12 physical frame each virtual page is mapped to. It contains one 64-bit
16 * Bits 0-54 page frame number (PFN) if present
17 * Bits 0-4 swap type if swapped
18 * Bits 5-54 swap offset if swapped
19 * Bit 55 pte is soft-dirty (see
20 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/soft-dirty.rst)
22 * Bit 57 pte is uffd-wp write-protected (since 5.13) (see
23 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/userfaultfd.rst)
25 * Bits 59-60 zero
26 * Bit 61 page is file-page or shared-anon (since 3.5)
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Duserfaultfd.rst8 Userfaults allow the implementation of on-demand paging from userland
38 Vmas are not suitable for page- (or hugepage) granular fault tracking
48 is a corner case that would currently return ``-EBUSY``).
54 ----------------------
63 - Any user can always create a userfaultfd which traps userspace page faults
67 - In order to also trap kernel page faults for the address space, either the
84 --------------------------
101 - The ``UFFD_FEATURE_EVENT_*`` flags indicate that various other events
103 detail below in the `Non-cooperative userfaultfd`_ section.
105 - ``UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_HUGETLBFS`` and ``UFFD_FEATURE_MISSING_SHMEM``
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/Documentation/networking/
Dsegmentation-offloads.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
15 * TCP Segmentation Offload - TSO
16 * UDP Fragmentation Offload - UFO
18 * Generic Segmentation Offload - GSO
19 * Generic Receive Offload - GRO
20 * Partial Generic Segmentation Offload - GSO_PARTIAL
21 * SCTP acceleration with GSO - GSO_BY_FRAGS
28 frames with a data payload size specified in skb_shinfo()->gso_size.
30 SKB_GSO_TCPV6 should be set in skb_shinfo()->gso_type and
31 skb_shinfo()->gso_size should be set to a non-zero value.
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Dmsg_zerocopy.rst15 -----------------------
40 ---------
43 netdev 2.1. For more in-depth information see that paper and talk,
53 [PATCH net-next v4 0/9] socket sendmsg MSG_ZEROCOPY
54 https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20170803202945.70750-1-willemdebruijn.kernel@gmail.com
64 ------------
77 ------------
86 A zerocopy failure will return -1 with errno ENOBUFS. This happens if
101 -------------
108 maintains an internal unsigned 32-bit counter. Each send call with
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/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/
Dmtd-physmap.yaml1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 ---
4 $id: http://devicetree.org/schemas/mtd/mtd-physmap.yaml#
5 $schema: http://devicetree.org/meta-schemas/core.yaml#
7 title: CFI or JEDEC memory-mapped NOR flash, MTD-RAM (NVRAM...)
10 - Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
17 - $ref: mtd.yaml#
18 - $ref: /schemas/memory-controllers/mc-peripheral-props.yaml#
23 - items:
24 - enum:
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/Documentation/core-api/
Ddma-api.rst8 of the API (and actual examples), see Documentation/core-api/dma-api-howto.rst.
11 Part II describes extensions for supporting non-consistent memory
13 non-consistent platforms (this is usually only legacy platforms) you
16 Part I - dma_API
17 ----------------
19 To get the dma_API, you must #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>. This
27 Part Ia - Using large DMA-coherent buffers
28 ------------------------------------------
76 Part Ib - Using small DMA-coherent buffers
77 ------------------------------------------
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/Documentation/admin-guide/pm/
Dsuspend-flows.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
12 At least one global system-wide transition needs to be carried out for the
14 :doc:`sleep states <sleep-states>`. Hibernation requires more than one
16 referred to as *system-wide suspend* (or simply *system suspend*) states, need
27 significant differences between the :ref:`suspend-to-idle <s2idle>` code flows
28 and the code flows related to the :ref:`suspend-to-RAM <s2ram>` and
31 The :ref:`suspend-to-RAM <s2ram>` and :ref:`standby <standby>` sleep states
33 boils down to the platform-specific actions carried out by the suspend and
36 states are mostly identical, so they both together will be referred to as
37 *platform-dependent suspend* states in what follows.
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/Documentation/core-api/irq/
Dirq-domain.rst9 that each one gets assigned non-overlapping allocations of Linux
14 such as GPIO controllers avoid reimplementing identical callback
24 For this reason we need a mechanism to separate controller-local
29 the controller-local IRQ (hwirq) number into the Linux IRQ number
61 - irq_resolve_mapping() returns a pointer to the irq_desc structure
64 - irq_find_mapping() returns a Linux IRQ number for a given domain and
66 - irq_linear_revmap() is now identical to irq_find_mapping(), and is
68 - generic_handle_domain_irq() handles an interrupt described by a
72 compatible with a RCU read-side critical section.
80 callbacks) then it can be directly obtained from irq_data->hwirq.
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/Documentation/gpu/
Ddrm-usage-stats.rst1 .. _drm-client-usage-stats:
8 `fops->show_fdinfo()` as part of the driver specific file operations registered
22 - File shall contain one key value pair per one line of text.
23 - Colon character (`:`) must be used to delimit keys and values.
24 - All keys shall be prefixed with `drm-`.
25 - Whitespace between the delimiter and first non-whitespace character shall be
27 - Keys are not allowed to contain whitespace characters.
28 - Numerical key value pairs can end with optional unit string.
29 - Data type of the value is fixed as defined in the specification.
32 ---------
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/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/
Dvideo-interfaces.yaml1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
3 ---
4 $id: http://devicetree.org/schemas/media/video-interfaces.yaml#
5 $schema: http://devicetree.org/meta-schemas/core.yaml#
10 - Sakari Ailus <sakari.ailus@linux.intel.com>
11 - Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
29 #address-cells = <1>;
30 #size-cells = <0>;
45 a common scheme using '#address-cells', '#size-cells' and 'reg' properties is
49 specify #address-cells, #size-cells properties independently for the 'port'
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