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data-id="intl" class="interior"> 90 <header> 91 <div class="header-container"> 92 <h1>Node.js v14.19.1 documentation</h1> 93 <button class="theme-toggle-btn" id="theme-toggle-btn" title="Toggle dark mode/light mode" aria-label="Toggle dark mode/light mode" hidden> 94 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon dark-icon" height="24" width="24"> 95 <path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> 96 <path d="M11.1 12.08c-2.33-4.51-.5-8.48.53-10.07C6.27 2.2 1.98 6.59 1.98 12c0 .14.02.28.02.42.62-.27 1.29-.42 2-.42 1.66 0 3.18.83 4.1 2.15A4.01 4.01 0 0111 18c0 1.52-.87 2.83-2.12 3.51.98.32 2.03.5 3.11.5 3.5 0 6.58-1.8 8.37-4.52-2.36.23-6.98-.97-9.26-5.41z"/> 97 <path d="M7 16h-.18C6.4 14.84 5.3 14 4 14c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3h3c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2z"/> 98 </svg> 99 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon light-icon" height="24" width="24"> 100 <path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /> 101 <path d="M6.76 4.84l-1.8-1.79-1.41 1.41 1.79 1.79 1.42-1.41zM4 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href="#intl_disable_all_internationalization_features_none">Disable all internationalization features (<code>none</code>)</a></li> 143<li><a href="#intl_build_with_a_pre_installed_icu_system_icu">Build with a pre-installed ICU (<code>system-icu</code>)</a></li> 144<li><a href="#intl_embed_a_limited_set_of_icu_data_small_icu">Embed a limited set of ICU data (<code>small-icu</code>)</a> 145<ul> 146<li><a href="#intl_providing_icu_data_at_runtime">Providing ICU data at runtime</a></li> 147</ul> 148</li> 149<li><a href="#intl_embed_the_entire_icu_full_icu">Embed the entire ICU (<code>full-icu</code>)</a></li> 150</ul> 151</li> 152<li><a href="#intl_detecting_internationalization_support">Detecting internationalization support</a></li> 153</ul> 154</li> 155</ul></details> 156 157 <div id="apicontent"> 158 <h2>Internationalization support<span><a class="mark" href="#intl_internationalization_support" id="intl_internationalization_support">#</a></span></h2> 159 160 161<p>Node.js has many features that make it easier to write internationalized 162programs. Some of them are:</p> 163<ul> 164<li>Locale-sensitive or Unicode-aware functions in the <a href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/">ECMAScript Language 165Specification</a>: 166<ul> 167<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/normalize"><code>String.prototype.normalize()</code></a></li> 168<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/toLowerCase"><code>String.prototype.toLowerCase()</code></a></li> 169<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/toUpperCase"><code>String.prototype.toUpperCase()</code></a></li> 170</ul> 171</li> 172<li>All functionality described in the <a href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma402/">ECMAScript Internationalization API 173Specification</a> (aka ECMA-402): 174<ul> 175<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl"><code>Intl</code></a> object</li> 176<li>Locale-sensitive methods like <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/localeCompare"><code>String.prototype.localeCompare()</code></a> and 177<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date/toLocaleString"><code>Date.prototype.toLocaleString()</code></a></li> 178</ul> 179</li> 180<li>The <a href="url.html#url_the_whatwg_url_api">WHATWG URL parser</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name">internationalized domain names</a> (IDNs) support</li> 181<li><a href="buffer.html#buffer_buffer_transcode_source_fromenc_toenc"><code>require('buffer').transcode()</code></a></li> 182<li>More accurate <a href="repl.html#repl_repl">REPL</a> line editing</li> 183<li><a href="util.html#util_class_util_textdecoder"><code>require('util').TextDecoder</code></a></li> 184<li><a href="https://github.com/tc39/proposal-regexp-unicode-property-escapes"><code>RegExp</code> Unicode Property Escapes</a></li> 185</ul> 186<p>Node.js and the underlying V8 engine use 187<a href="http://site.icu-project.org/">International Components for Unicode (ICU)</a> to implement these features 188in native C/C++ code. The full ICU data set is provided by Node.js by default. 189However, due to the size of the ICU data file, several 190options are provided for customizing the ICU data set either when 191building or running Node.js.</p> 192<section><h3>Options for building Node.js<span><a class="mark" href="#intl_options_for_building_node_js" id="intl_options_for_building_node_js">#</a></span></h3> 193<p>To control how ICU is used in Node.js, four <code>configure</code> options are available 194during compilation. Additional details on how to compile Node.js are documented 195in <a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/HEAD/BUILDING.md">BUILDING.md</a>.</p> 196<ul> 197<li><code>--with-intl=none</code>/<code>--without-intl</code></li> 198<li><code>--with-intl=system-icu</code></li> 199<li><code>--with-intl=small-icu</code></li> 200<li><code>--with-intl=full-icu</code> (default)</li> 201</ul> 202<p>An overview of available Node.js and JavaScript features for each <code>configure</code> 203option:</p> 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300<table><thead><tr><th>Feature</th><th><code>none</code></th><th><code>system-icu</code></th><th><code>small-icu</code></th><th><code>full-icu</code></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/normalize"><code>String.prototype.normalize()</code></a></td><td>none (function is no-op)</td><td>full</td><td>full</td><td>full</td></tr><tr><td><code>String.prototype.to*Case()</code></td><td>full</td><td>full</td><td>full</td><td>full</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl"><code>Intl</code></a></td><td>none (object does not exist)</td><td>partial/full (depends on OS)</td><td>partial (English-only)</td><td>full</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/localeCompare"><code>String.prototype.localeCompare()</code></a></td><td>partial (not locale-aware)</td><td>full</td><td>full</td><td>full</td></tr><tr><td><code>String.prototype.toLocale*Case()</code></td><td>partial (not locale-aware)</td><td>full</td><td>full</td><td>full</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number/toLocaleString"><code>Number.prototype.toLocaleString()</code></a></td><td>partial (not locale-aware)</td><td>partial/full (depends on OS)</td><td>partial (English-only)</td><td>full</td></tr><tr><td><code>Date.prototype.toLocale*String()</code></td><td>partial (not locale-aware)</td><td>partial/full (depends on OS)</td><td>partial (English-only)</td><td>full</td></tr><tr><td><a href="url.html#url_the_whatwg_url_api">WHATWG URL Parser</a></td><td>partial (no IDN support)</td><td>full</td><td>full</td><td>full</td></tr><tr><td><a href="buffer.html#buffer_buffer_transcode_source_fromenc_toenc"><code>require('buffer').transcode()</code></a></td><td>none (function does not exist)</td><td>full</td><td>full</td><td>full</td></tr><tr><td><a href="repl.html#repl_repl">REPL</a></td><td>partial (inaccurate line editing)</td><td>full</td><td>full</td><td>full</td></tr><tr><td><a href="util.html#util_class_util_textdecoder"><code>require('util').TextDecoder</code></a></td><td>partial (basic encodings support)</td><td>partial/full (depends on OS)</td><td>partial (Unicode-only)</td><td>full</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://github.com/tc39/proposal-regexp-unicode-property-escapes"><code>RegExp</code> Unicode Property Escapes</a></td><td>none (invalid <code>RegExp</code> error)</td><td>full</td><td>full</td><td>full</td></tr></tbody></table> 301<p>The "(not locale-aware)" designation denotes that the function carries out its 302operation just like the non-<code>Locale</code> version of the function, if one 303exists. For example, under <code>none</code> mode, <code>Date.prototype.toLocaleString()</code>'s 304operation is identical to that of <code>Date.prototype.toString()</code>.</p> 305<h4>Disable all internationalization features (<code>none</code>)<span><a class="mark" href="#intl_disable_all_internationalization_features_none" id="intl_disable_all_internationalization_features_none">#</a></span></h4> 306<p>If this option is chosen, ICU is disabled and most internationalization 307features mentioned above will be <strong>unavailable</strong> in the resulting <code>node</code> binary.</p> 308<h4>Build with a pre-installed ICU (<code>system-icu</code>)<span><a class="mark" href="#intl_build_with_a_pre_installed_icu_system_icu" id="intl_build_with_a_pre_installed_icu_system_icu">#</a></span></h4> 309<p>Node.js can link against an ICU build already installed on the system. In fact, 310most Linux distributions already come with ICU installed, and this option would 311make it possible to reuse the same set of data used by other components in the 312OS.</p> 313<p>Functionalities that only require the ICU library itself, such as 314<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/normalize"><code>String.prototype.normalize()</code></a> and the <a href="url.html#url_the_whatwg_url_api">WHATWG URL parser</a>, are fully 315supported under <code>system-icu</code>. Features that require ICU locale data in 316addition, such as <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/DateTimeFormat"><code>Intl.DateTimeFormat</code></a> <em>may</em> be fully or partially 317supported, depending on the completeness of the ICU data installed on the 318system.</p> 319<h4>Embed a limited set of ICU data (<code>small-icu</code>)<span><a class="mark" href="#intl_embed_a_limited_set_of_icu_data_small_icu" id="intl_embed_a_limited_set_of_icu_data_small_icu">#</a></span></h4> 320<p>This option makes the resulting binary link against the ICU library statically, 321and includes a subset of ICU data (typically only the English locale) within 322the <code>node</code> executable.</p> 323<p>Functionalities that only require the ICU library itself, such as 324<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/normalize"><code>String.prototype.normalize()</code></a> and the <a href="url.html#url_the_whatwg_url_api">WHATWG URL parser</a>, are fully 325supported under <code>small-icu</code>. Features that require ICU locale data in addition, 326such as <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/DateTimeFormat"><code>Intl.DateTimeFormat</code></a>, generally only work with the English locale:</p> 327<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> january = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Date</span>(<span class="hljs-number">9e8</span>); 328<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> english = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Intl</span>.<span class="hljs-title class_">DateTimeFormat</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'en'</span>, { <span class="hljs-attr">month</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'long'</span> }); 329<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> spanish = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Intl</span>.<span class="hljs-title class_">DateTimeFormat</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'es'</span>, { <span class="hljs-attr">month</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'long'</span> }); 330 331<span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(english.<span class="hljs-title function_">format</span>(january)); 332<span class="hljs-comment">// Prints "January"</span> 333<span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(spanish.<span class="hljs-title function_">format</span>(january)); 334<span class="hljs-comment">// Prints "M01" on small-icu</span> 335<span class="hljs-comment">// Should print "enero"</span></code></pre> 336<p>This mode provides a balance between features and binary size.</p> 337<h5>Providing ICU data at runtime<span><a class="mark" href="#intl_providing_icu_data_at_runtime" id="intl_providing_icu_data_at_runtime">#</a></span></h5> 338<p>If the <code>small-icu</code> option is used, one can still provide additional locale data 339at runtime so that the JS methods would work for all ICU locales. Assuming the 340data file is stored at <code>/some/directory</code>, it can be made available to ICU 341through either:</p> 342<ul> 343<li> 344<p>The <a href="cli.html#cli_node_icu_data_file"><code>NODE_ICU_DATA</code></a> environment variable:</p> 345<pre><code class="language-bash">env NODE_ICU_DATA=/some/directory node</code></pre> 346</li> 347<li> 348<p>The <a href="cli.html#cli_icu_data_dir_file"><code>--icu-data-dir</code></a> CLI parameter:</p> 349<pre><code class="language-bash">node --icu-data-dir=/some/directory</code></pre> 350</li> 351</ul> 352<p>(If both are specified, the <code>--icu-data-dir</code> CLI parameter takes precedence.)</p> 353<p>ICU is able to automatically find and load a variety of data formats, but the 354data must be appropriate for the ICU version, and the file correctly named. 355The most common name for the data file is <code>icudt6X[bl].dat</code>, where <code>6X</code> denotes 356the intended ICU version, and <code>b</code> or <code>l</code> indicates the system's endianness. 357Check <a href="http://userguide.icu-project.org/icudata">"ICU Data"</a> article in the ICU User Guide for other supported formats 358and more details on ICU data in general.</p> 359<p>The <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/full-icu">full-icu</a> npm module can greatly simplify ICU data installation by 360detecting the ICU version of the running <code>node</code> executable and downloading the 361appropriate data file. After installing the module through <code>npm i full-icu</code>, 362the data file will be available at <code>./node_modules/full-icu</code>. This path can be 363then passed either to <code>NODE_ICU_DATA</code> or <code>--icu-data-dir</code> as shown above to 364enable full <code>Intl</code> support.</p> 365<h4>Embed the entire ICU (<code>full-icu</code>)<span><a class="mark" href="#intl_embed_the_entire_icu_full_icu" id="intl_embed_the_entire_icu_full_icu">#</a></span></h4> 366<p>This option makes the resulting binary link against ICU statically and include 367a full set of ICU data. A binary created this way has no further external 368dependencies and supports all locales, but might be rather large. This is 369the default behavior if no <code>--with-intl</code> flag is passed. The official binaries 370are also built in this mode.</p> 371</section><section><h3>Detecting internationalization support<span><a class="mark" href="#intl_detecting_internationalization_support" id="intl_detecting_internationalization_support">#</a></span></h3> 372<p>To verify that ICU is enabled at all (<code>system-icu</code>, <code>small-icu</code>, or 373<code>full-icu</code>), simply checking the existence of <code>Intl</code> should suffice:</p> 374<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> hasICU = <span class="hljs-keyword">typeof</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Intl</span> === <span class="hljs-string">'object'</span>;</code></pre> 375<p>Alternatively, checking for <code>process.versions.icu</code>, a property defined only 376when ICU is enabled, works too:</p> 377<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> hasICU = <span class="hljs-keyword">typeof</span> process.<span class="hljs-property">versions</span>.<span class="hljs-property">icu</span> === <span class="hljs-string">'string'</span>;</code></pre> 378<p>To check for support for a non-English locale (i.e. <code>full-icu</code> or 379<code>system-icu</code>), <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/DateTimeFormat"><code>Intl.DateTimeFormat</code></a> can be a good distinguishing factor:</p> 380<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> hasFullICU = (<span class="hljs-function">() =></span> { 381 <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { 382 <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> january = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Date</span>(<span class="hljs-number">9e8</span>); 383 <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> spanish = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Intl</span>.<span class="hljs-title class_">DateTimeFormat</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'es'</span>, { <span class="hljs-attr">month</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'long'</span> }); 384 <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> spanish.<span class="hljs-title function_">format</span>(january) === <span class="hljs-string">'enero'</span>; 385 } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (err) { 386 <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>; 387 } 388})();</code></pre> 389<p>For more verbose tests for <code>Intl</code> support, the following resources may be found 390to be helpful:</p> 391<ul> 392<li><a href="https://github.com/srl295/btest402">btest402</a>: Generally used to check whether Node.js with <code>Intl</code> support is 393built correctly.</li> 394<li><a href="https://github.com/tc39/test262/tree/HEAD/test/intl402">Test262</a>: ECMAScript's official conformance test suite includes a section 395dedicated to ECMA-402.</li> 396</ul></section> 397 <!-- API END --> 398 </div> 399 </div> 400 </div> 401 <script> 402 'use strict'; 403 { 404 const kCustomPreference = 'customDarkTheme'; 405 const userSettings = sessionStorage.getItem(kCustomPreference); 406 const themeToggleButton = document.getElementById('theme-toggle-btn'); 407 if (userSettings === null && window.matchMedia) { 408 const mq = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'); 409 if ('onchange' in mq) { 410 function mqChangeListener(e) { 411 document.body.classList.toggle('dark-mode', e.matches); 412 } 413 mq.addEventListener('change', mqChangeListener); 414 if (themeToggleButton) { 415 themeToggleButton.addEventListener('click', function() { 416 mq.removeEventListener('change', mqChangeListener); 417 }, { once: true }); 418 } 419 } 420 if (mq.matches) { 421 document.body.classList.add('dark-mode'); 422 } 423 } else if (userSettings === 'true') { 424 document.body.classList.add('dark-mode'); 425 } 426 if (themeToggleButton) { 427 themeToggleButton.hidden = false; 428 themeToggleButton.addEventListener('click', function() { 429 sessionStorage.setItem( 430 kCustomPreference, 431 document.body.classList.toggle('dark-mode') 432 ); 433 }); 434 } 435 } 436 </script> 437</body> 438</html> 439