1[section boost/python/has_back_reference.hpp] 2[section Introduction] 3<boost/python/has_back_reference.hpp> defines the predicate metafunction `has_back_reference<>`, which can be specialized by the user to indicate that a wrapped class instance holds a `PyObject*` corresponding to a Python object. 4[endsect] 5[section Class template `has_back_reference`] 6A unary metafunction whose value is true iff its argument is a `pointer_wrapper<>`. 7`` 8namespace boost { namespace python 9{ 10 template<class WrappedClass> class has_back_reference 11 { 12 typedef mpl::false_ type; 13 }; 14}} 15`` 16 17A metafunction that is inspected by Boost.Python to determine how wrapped classes can be constructed. 18 19`type::value` is an integral constant convertible to bool of unspecified type. 20Specializations may substitute a true-valued integral constant wrapper for type iff for each invocation of `class_<WrappedClass>::def(init< type-sequence...>())` and the implicitly wrapped copy constructor (unless it is noncopyable), there exists a corresponding constructor `WrappedClass::WrappedClass(PyObject*, type-sequence...)`. If such a specialization exists, the WrappedClass constructors will be called with a "back reference" pointer to the corresponding Python object whenever they are invoked from Python. The easiest way to provide this nested type is to derive the specialization from `mpl::true_`. 21 22[endsect] 23[section Examples] 24In C++: 25`` 26#include <boost/python/class.hpp> 27#include <boost/python/module.hpp> 28#include <boost/python/has_back_reference.hpp> 29#include <boost/python/handle.hpp> 30#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp> 31 32using namespace boost::python; 33using boost::shared_ptr; 34 35struct X 36{ 37 X(PyObject* self) : m_self(self), m_x(0) {} 38 X(PyObject* self, int x) : m_self(self), m_x(x) {} 39 X(PyObject* self, X const& other) : m_self(self), m_x(other.m_x) {} 40 41 handle<> self() { return handle<>(borrowed(m_self)); } 42 int get() { return m_x; } 43 void set(int x) { m_x = x; } 44 45 PyObject* m_self; 46 int m_x; 47}; 48 49// specialize has_back_reference for X 50namespace boost { namespace python 51{ 52 template <> 53 struct has_back_reference<X> 54 : mpl::true_ 55 {}; 56}} 57 58struct Y 59{ 60 Y() : m_x(0) {} 61 Y(int x) : m_x(x) {} 62 int get() { return m_x; } 63 void set(int x) { m_x = x; } 64 65 int m_x; 66}; 67 68shared_ptr<Y> 69Y_self(shared_ptr<Y> self) { return self; } 70 71BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(back_references) 72{ 73 class_<X>("X") 74 .def(init<int>()) 75 .def("self", &X::self) 76 .def("get", &X::get) 77 .def("set", &X::set) 78 ; 79 80 class_<Y, shared_ptr<Y> >("Y") 81 .def(init<int>()) 82 .def("get", &Y::get) 83 .def("set", &Y::set) 84 .def("self", Y_self) 85 ; 86} 87`` 88 The following Python session illustrates that x.self() returns the same Python object on which it is invoked, while y.self() must create a new Python object which refers to the same Y instance. 89 90In Python: 91`` 92>>> from back_references import * 93>>> x = X(1) 94>>> x2 = x.self() 95>>> x2 is x 961 97>>> (x.get(), x2.get()) 98(1, 1) 99>>> x.set(10) 100>>> (x.get(), x2.get()) 101(10, 10) 102>>> 103>>> 104>>> y = Y(2) 105>>> y2 = y.self() 106>>> y2 is y 1070 108>>> (y.get(), y2.get()) 109(2, 2) 110>>> y.set(20) 111>>> (y.get(), y2.get()) 112(20, 20) 113`` 114[endsect] 115[endsect] 116