1<?xml version="1.0"?><!--*-nxml-*--> 2<!DOCTYPE manpage SYSTEM "xmltoman.dtd"> 3<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="xmltoman.xsl" ?> 4 5<!-- 6This file is part of PulseAudio. 7 8PulseAudio is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 9under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as 10published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the 11License, or (at your option) any later version. 12 13PulseAudio is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 14ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY 15or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General 16Public License for more details. 17 18You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public 19License along with PulseAudio; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 20--> 21 22<manpage name="pulse-daemon.conf" section="5" desc="PulseAudio daemon configuration file"> 23 24 <synopsis> 25 <p><file>~/.config/pulse/daemon.conf</file></p> 26 <p><file>~/.config/pulse/daemon.conf.d/*.conf</file></p> 27 <p><file>@PA_DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR@/daemon.conf</file></p> 28 <p><file>@PA_DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR@/daemon.conf.d/*.conf</file></p> 29 </synopsis> 30 31 <description> 32 <p>The PulseAudio sound server reads configuration directives from 33 a configuration file on startup. If the per-user file 34 <file>~/.config/pulse/daemon.conf</file> exists, it is used, otherwise the 35 system configuration file <file>@PA_DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR@/daemon.conf</file> 36 is used. In addition to those main files, configuration directives can also 37 be put in files under directories 38 <file>~/.config/pulse/daemon.conf.d/</file> and 39 <file>@PA_DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR@/daemon.conf.d/</file>. Those files have to 40 have the .conf file name extension, but otherwise the file names can be 41 chosen freely. The files under daemon.conf.d are processed in alphabetical 42 order. In case the same option is set in multiple files, the last file to 43 set an option overrides earlier files. The main daemon.conf file is 44 processed first, so options set in files under daemon.conf.d override the 45 main file.</p> 46 47 <p>Please note that the server also reads a configuration script on 48 startup. See <manref name="default.pa" section="5"/>.</p> 49 50 <p>The configuration file is a simple collection of variable 51 declarations. If the configuration file parser encounters either ; 52 or # it ignores the rest of the line until its end.</p> 53 54 <p>For the settings that take a boolean argument the values 55 <opt>true</opt>, <opt>yes</opt>, <opt>on</opt> and <opt>1</opt> 56 are equivalent, resp. <opt>false</opt>, <opt>no</opt>, 57 <opt>off</opt>, <opt>0</opt>.</p> 58 59 </description> 60 61 <section name="General Directives"> 62 63 <option> 64 <p><opt>daemonize=</opt> Daemonize after startup. Takes a 65 boolean value, defaults to <opt>no</opt>. The <opt>--daemonize</opt> 66 command line option takes precedence.</p> 67 </option> 68 69 <option> 70 <p><opt>fail=</opt> Fail to start up if any of the directives 71 in the configuration script <file>default.pa</file> 72 fail. Takes a boolean argument, defaults to <opt>yes</opt>. The <opt>--fail</opt> command line 73 option takes precedence.</p> 74 </option> 75 76 <option> 77 <p><opt>allow-module-loading=</opt> Allow/disallow module 78 loading after startup. This is a security feature that if 79 disabled makes sure that no further modules may be loaded into 80 the PulseAudio server after startup completed. It is recommended 81 to disable this when <opt>system-instance</opt> is 82 enabled. Please note that certain features like automatic 83 hot-plug support will not work if this option is enabled. Takes 84 a boolean argument, defaults to <opt>yes</opt>. The 85 <opt>--disallow-module-loading</opt> command line option takes 86 precedence.</p> 87 </option> 88 89 <option> 90 <p><opt>allow-exit=</opt> Allow/disallow exit on user 91 request. Defaults to <opt>yes</opt>.</p> 92 </option> 93 94 <option> 95 <p><opt>resample-method=</opt> The resampling algorithm to 96 use. Use one of <opt>src-sinc-best-quality</opt>, 97 <opt>src-sinc-medium-quality</opt>, <opt>src-sinc-fastest</opt>, 98 <opt>src-zero-order-hold</opt>, <opt>src-linear</opt>, 99 <opt>trivial</opt>, <opt>speex-float-N</opt>, 100 <opt>speex-fixed-N</opt>, <opt>ffmpeg</opt>, <opt>soxr-mq</opt>, 101 <opt>soxr-hq</opt>, <opt>soxr-vhq</opt>. See the 102 documentation of libsamplerate and speex for explanations of the 103 different src- and speex- methods, respectively. The method 104 <opt>trivial</opt> is the most basic algorithm implemented. If 105 you're tight on CPU consider using this. On the other hand it has 106 the worst quality of them all. The Speex resamplers take an 107 integer quality setting in the range 0..10 (bad...good). They 108 exist in two flavours: <opt>fixed</opt> and <opt>float</opt>. The former uses fixed point 109 numbers, the latter relies on floating point numbers. On most 110 desktop CPUs the float point resampler is a lot faster, and it 111 also offers slightly better quality. The soxr-family methods 112 are based on libsoxr, a resampler library from the SoX sound processing utility. 113 The mq variant has the best performance of the three. The hq is more expensive 114 and, according to SoX developers, is considered the best choice for audio of up to 16 bits per sample. 115 The vhq variant has more precision than hq and is more suitable for larger samples. The Soxr resamplers 116 generally offer better quality at less CPU compared to other resamplers, such as speex. 117 The downside is that they can add a significant delay to the output 118 (usually up to around 20 ms, in rare cases more). 119 See the output of <opt>dump-resample-methods</opt> for a complete list of all 120 available resamplers. Defaults to <opt>speex-float-1</opt>. The 121 <opt>--resample-method</opt> command line option takes precedence. 122 Note that some modules overwrite or allow overwriting of the 123 resampler to use.</p> 124 </option> 125 126 <option> 127 <p><opt>avoid-resampling=</opt> If set, try to configure the 128 device to avoid resampling. This only works on devices which 129 support reconfiguring their rate, and when no other streams are 130 already playing or capturing audio. The device will also not be 131 configured to a rate less than the default and alternate sample 132 rates.</p> 133 </option> 134 135 <option> 136 <p><opt>enable-remixing=</opt> If disabled never upmix or 137 downmix channels to different channel maps. Instead, do a simple 138 name-based matching only. Defaults to <opt>yes</opt>. 139 There is no known valid use case for setting this option to 140 <opt>no</opt>, therefore, this option is deprecated and may be 141 removed in a future version of PulseAudio.</p> 142 </option> 143 144 <option> 145 <p><opt>remixing-use-all-sink-channels=</opt> If enabled, use 146 all sink channels when remixing. Otherwise, remix to the minimal 147 set of sink channels needed to reproduce all of the source 148 channels. (This has no effect on LFE remixing.) Defaults to 149 <opt>yes</opt>.</p> 150 </option> 151 152 <option> 153 <p><opt>enable-lfe-remixing=</opt> This is a way to set 154 <opt>remixing-produce-lfe</opt> and <opt>remixing-consume-lfe</opt> 155 to the same value at once. This option only exists for backward 156 compatibility and may be removed in a future version of PulseAudio.</p> 157 </option> 158 159 <option> 160 <p><opt>remixing-produce-lfe=</opt> If enabled, and the sink input 161 does not have the LFE channel, synthesize the output LFE channel 162 as a (lowpass-filtered, if <opt>lfe-crossover-freq</opt> is not 0) 163 average of all input channels. Also, when <opt>lfe-crossover-freq</opt> 164 is not 0, filter out low frequencies from other channels while 165 producing a synthetic LFE output. If disabled, the output LFE channel 166 will only get a signal when an input LFE channel is available as well. 167 Defaults to <opt>no</opt>.</p> 168 </option> 169 170 <option> 171 <p><opt>remixing-consume-lfe=</opt> If enabled, and the sink does not 172 have an LFE channel, redirect the input LFE channel (if any) to other 173 channels. If disabled, the input LFE channel will remain unused unless 174 the sink has the LFE channel as well. Defaults to <opt>no</opt>.</p> 175 </option> 176 177 <option> 178 <p><opt>lfe-crossover-freq=</opt> The crossover frequency (in Hz) for the 179 LFE filter. Set it to 0 to disable the LFE filter. Defaults to 0.</p> 180 </option> 181 182 <option> 183 <p><opt>use-pid-file=</opt> Create a PID file in the runtime directory 184 (<file>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/pulse/pid</file>). If this is enabled you may 185 use commands like <opt>--kill</opt> or <opt>--check</opt>. If 186 you are planning to start more than one PulseAudio process per 187 user, you better disable this option since it effectively 188 disables multiple instances. Takes a boolean argument, defaults 189 to <opt>yes</opt>. The <opt>--use-pid-file</opt> command line 190 option takes precedence.</p> 191 </option> 192 193 <option> 194 <p><opt>cpu-limit=</opt> If disabled do not install the CPU load 195 limiter, even on platforms where it is supported. This option is 196 useful when debugging/profiling PulseAudio to disable disturbing 197 SIGXCPU signals. Takes a boolean argument, defaults to 198 <opt>no</opt>. The <opt>--no-cpu-limit</opt> command line 199 argument takes precedence.</p> 200 </option> 201 202 <option> 203 <p><opt>system-instance=</opt> Run the daemon as system-wide 204 instance, requires root privileges. Takes a boolean argument, 205 defaults to <opt>no</opt>. The <opt>--system</opt> command line 206 argument takes precedence.</p> 207 </option> 208 209 <option> 210 <p><opt>local-server-type=</opt> Please don't use this option if 211 you don't have to! This option is currently only useful when you 212 want D-Bus clients to use a remote server. This option may be 213 removed in future versions. If you only want to run PulseAudio 214 in the system mode, use the <opt>system-instance</opt> option. 215 This option takes one of <opt>user</opt>, <opt>system</opt> or 216 <opt>none</opt> as the argument. This is essentially a duplicate 217 for the <opt>system-instance</opt> option. The difference is the 218 <opt>none</opt> option, which is useful when you want to use a 219 remote server with D-Bus clients. If both this and 220 <opt>system-instance</opt> are defined, this option takes 221 precedence. Defaults to whatever the <opt>system-instance</opt> 222 is set.</p> 223 </option> 224 225 <option> 226 <p><opt>enable-shm=</opt> Enable data transfer via POSIX 227 or memfd shared memory. Takes a boolean argument, defaults to 228 <opt>yes</opt>. The <opt>--disable-shm</opt> command line 229 argument takes precedence.</p> 230 </option> 231 232 <option> 233 <p><opt>enable-memfd=</opt>. Enable memfd shared memory. Takes 234 a boolean argument, defaults to <opt>yes</opt>.</p> 235 </option> 236 237 <option> 238 <p><opt>shm-size-bytes=</opt> Sets the shared memory segment 239 size for the daemon, in bytes. If left unspecified or is set to 0 240 it will default to some system-specific default, usually 64 241 MiB. Please note that usually there is no need to change this 242 value, unless you are running an OS kernel that does not do 243 memory overcommit.</p> 244 </option> 245 246 <option> 247 <p><opt>lock-memory=</opt> Locks the entire PulseAudio process 248 into memory. While this might increase drop-out safety when used 249 in conjunction with real-time scheduling this takes away a lot 250 of memory from other processes and might hence considerably slow 251 down your system. Defaults to <opt>no</opt>.</p> 252 </option> 253 254 <option> 255 <p><opt>flat-volumes=</opt> Enable 'flat' volumes, i.e. where 256 possible let the sink volume equal the maximum of the volumes of 257 the inputs connected to it. Takes a boolean argument, defaults 258 to <opt>no</opt>.</p> 259 </option> 260 261 <option> 262 <p><opt>rescue-streams=</opt> Enable rescuing of streams if the 263 used sink or source becomes unavailable. Takes a boolean argument. 264 If set to <opt>yes</opt>, pulseaudio will try to move the streams 265 from a sink or source that becomes unavailable to the default sink 266 or source. If set to <opt>no</opt>, streams will be killed if the 267 corresponding sink or source disappears. Defaults to <opt>yes</opt>.</p> 268 </option> 269 270 </section> 271 272 <section name="Scheduling"> 273 274 <option> 275 <p><opt>high-priority=</opt> Renice the daemon after startup to 276 become a high-priority process. This a good idea if you 277 experience drop-outs during playback. However, this is a certain 278 security issue, since it works when called SUID root only, or 279 RLIMIT_NICE is used. root is dropped immediately after gaining 280 the nice level on startup, thus it is presumably safe. See 281 <manref section="1" name="pulseaudio"/> for more 282 information. Takes a boolean argument, defaults to <opt>yes</opt>. The <opt>--high-priority</opt> 283 command line option takes precedence.</p> 284 </option> 285 286 <option> 287 <p><opt>realtime-scheduling=</opt> Try to acquire SCHED_FIFO 288 scheduling for the IO threads. The same security concerns as 289 mentioned above apply. However, if PA enters an endless loop, 290 realtime scheduling causes a system lockup. Thus, realtime 291 scheduling should only be enabled on trusted machines for 292 now. Please note that only the IO threads of PulseAudio are made 293 real-time. The controlling thread is left a normally scheduled 294 thread. Thus enabling the high-priority option is orthogonal. 295 See <manref section="1" name="pulseaudio"/> for more 296 information. Takes a boolean argument, defaults to <opt>yes</opt>. The 297 <opt>--realtime</opt> command line option takes precedence.</p> 298 </option> 299 300 <option> 301 <p><opt>realtime-priority=</opt> The realtime priority to 302 acquire, if <opt>realtime-scheduling</opt> is enabled. Note: JACK uses 10 303 by default, 9 for clients. Thus it is recommended to choose the 304 PulseAudio real-time priorities lower. Some PulseAudio threads 305 might choose a priority a little lower or higher than the 306 specified value. Defaults to <opt>5</opt>.</p> 307 </option> 308 309 <option> 310 <p><opt>nice-level=</opt> The nice level to acquire for the 311 daemon, if <opt>high-priority</opt> is enabled. Note: on some 312 distributions X11 uses -10 by default. Defaults to -11.</p> 313 </option> 314 315 </section> 316 317 <section name="Idle Times"> 318 319 <option> 320 <p><opt>exit-idle-time=</opt> Terminate the daemon after the 321 last client quit and this time in seconds passed. Use a negative value to 322 disable this feature. Defaults to 20. The <opt>--exit-idle-time</opt> 323 command line option takes precedence.</p> 324 325 <p>When PulseAudio runs in the per-user mode and detects a login 326 session, then any positive value will be reset to 0 so that PulseAudio 327 will terminate immediately on logout. A positive value therefore has 328 effect only in environments where there's no support for login session 329 tracking (or if the user is logged in without a session spawned, a.k.a. 330 lingering). A negative value can still be used to disable any automatic 331 exit.</p> 332 333 <p>When PulseAudio runs in the system mode, automatic exit is always 334 disabled, so this option does nothing.</p> 335 </option> 336 337 <option> 338 <p><opt>scache-idle-time=</opt> Unload autoloaded sample cache 339 entries after being idle for this time in seconds. Defaults to 340 20. The <opt>--scache-idle-time</opt> command line option takes 341 precedence.</p> 342 </option> 343 344 </section> 345 346 <section name="Paths"> 347 348 <option> 349 <p><opt>dl-search-path=</opt> The path where to look for dynamic 350 shared objects (DSOs/plugins). You may specify more than one 351 path separated by colons. The default path depends on compile 352 time settings. The <opt>--dl-search-path</opt> command line 353 option takes precedence. </p> 354 </option> 355 356 <option> 357 <p><opt>default-script-file=</opt> The default configuration 358 script file to load. Specify an empty string for not loading a 359 default script file. The default behaviour is to load 360 <file>~/.config/pulse/default.pa</file>, and if that file does not 361 exist fall back to the system wide installed version 362 <file>@PA_DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR@/default.pa</file>. If run in system-wide 363 mode the file <file>@PA_DEFAULT_CONFIG_DIR@/system.pa</file> is used 364 instead. If <opt>-n</opt> is passed on the command line 365 or <opt>default-script-file=</opt> is disabled the default 366 configuration script is ignored.</p> 367 </option> 368 369 <option> 370 <p><opt>load-default-script-file=</opt> Load the default 371 configuration script file as specified 372 in <opt>default-script-file=</opt>. Defaults to <opt>yes</opt>.</p> 373 </option> 374 375 </section> 376 377 <section name="Logging"> 378 379 <option> 380 <p><opt>log-target=</opt> The default log target. Use either 381 <opt>stderr</opt>, <opt>syslog</opt>, <opt>journal</opt> (optional), 382 <opt>auto</opt>, <opt>file:PATH</opt> or <opt>newfile:PATH</opt>. On traditional 383 systems <opt>auto</opt> is equivalent to <opt>syslog</opt>. On systemd-enabled 384 systems, auto is equivalent to <opt>journal</opt>, in case <opt>daemonize</opt> 385 is enabled, and to <opt>stderr</opt> otherwise. If set to <opt>file:PATH</opt>, 386 logging is directed to the file indicated by PATH. <opt>newfile:PATH</opt> is 387 otherwise the same as <opt>file:PATH</opt>, but existing files are never 388 overwritten. If the specified file already exists, a suffix is added to 389 the file name to avoid overwriting. Defaults to <opt>auto</opt>. The 390 <opt>--log-target</opt> command line option takes precedence.</p> 391 </option> 392 393 <option> 394 <p><opt>log-level=</opt> Log level, one of <opt>debug</opt>, 395 <opt>info</opt>, <opt>notice</opt>, <opt>warning</opt>, 396 <opt>error</opt>. Log messages with a lower log level than 397 specified here are not logged. Defaults to 398 <opt>notice</opt>. The <opt>--log-level</opt> command line 399 option takes precedence. The <opt>-v</opt> command line option 400 might alter this setting.</p> 401 </option> 402 403 <option> 404 <p><opt>log-meta=</opt> With each logged message log the code 405 location the message was generated from. Defaults to 406 <opt>no</opt>.</p> 407 </option> 408 409 <option> 410 <p><opt>log-time=</opt> With each logged message log the 411 relative time since startup. Defaults to <opt>no</opt>.</p> 412 </option> 413 414 <option> 415 <p><opt>log-backtrace=</opt> When greater than 0, with each 416 logged message log a code stack trace up the specified 417 number of stack frames. Defaults to <opt>0</opt>.</p> 418 </option> 419 420 </section> 421 422 <section name="Resource Limits"> 423 424 <p>See <manref name="getrlimit" section="2"/> for 425 more information. Set to -1 if PulseAudio shall not touch the resource 426 limit. Not all resource limits are available on all operating 427 systems.</p> 428 429 <option> 430 <p><opt>rlimit-as</opt> Defaults to -1.</p> 431 </option> 432 <option> 433 <p><opt>rlimit-rss</opt> Defaults to -1.</p> 434 </option> 435 <option> 436 <p><opt>rlimit-core</opt> Defaults to -1.</p> 437 </option> 438 <option> 439 <p><opt>rlimit-data</opt> Defaults to -1.</p> 440 </option> 441 <option> 442 <p><opt>rlimit-fsize</opt> Defaults to -1.</p> 443 </option> 444 <option> 445 <p><opt>rlimit-nofile</opt> Defaults to 256.</p> 446 </option> 447 <option> 448 <p><opt>rlimit-stack</opt> Defaults to -1.</p> 449 </option> 450 <option> 451 <p><opt>rlimit-nproc</opt> Defaults to -1.</p> 452 </option> 453 <option> 454 <p><opt>rlimit-locks</opt> Defaults to -1.</p> 455 </option> 456 <option> 457 <p><opt>rlimit-sigpending</opt> Defaults to -1.</p> 458 </option> 459 <option> 460 <p><opt>rlimit-msgqueue</opt> Defaults to -1.</p> 461 </option> 462 <option> 463 <p><opt>rlimit-memlock</opt> Defaults to 16 KiB. Please note 464 that the JACK client libraries may require more locked 465 memory.</p> 466 </option> 467 <option> 468 <p><opt>rlimit-nice</opt> Defaults to 31. Please make sure that 469 the default nice level as configured with <opt>nice-level</opt> 470 fits in this resource limit, if <opt>high-priority</opt> is 471 enabled.</p> 472 </option> 473 <option> 474 <p><opt>rlimit-rtprio</opt> Defaults to 9. Please make sure that 475 the default real-time priority level as configured with 476 <opt>realtime-priority=</opt> fits in this resource limit, if 477 <opt>realtime-scheduling</opt> is enabled. The JACK client 478 libraries require a real-time priority of 9 by default.</p> 479 </option> 480 <option> 481 <p><opt>rlimit-rttime</opt> Defaults to 1000000.</p> 482 </option> 483 484 </section> 485 486 <section name="Default Device Settings"> 487 488 <p>Most drivers try to open the audio device with these settings 489 and then fall back to lower settings. The default settings are CD 490 quality: 16bit native endian, 2 channels, 44100 Hz sampling.</p> 491 492 <option> 493 <p><opt>default-sample-format=</opt> The default sampling 494 format. See 495 https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/Documentation/User/SupportedAudioFormats/ 496 for possible values.</p> 497 </option> 498 499 <option> 500 <p><opt>default-sample-rate=</opt> The default sample frequency.</p> 501 </option> 502 503 <option> 504 <p><opt>default-sample-channels</opt> The default number of channels.</p> 505 </option> 506 507 <option> 508 <p><opt>default-channel-map</opt> The default channel map.</p> 509 </option> 510 511 <option> 512 <p><opt>alternate-sample-rate</opt> The alternate sample 513 frequency. Sinks and sources will use either the 514 default-sample-rate value or this alternate value, typically 44.1 515 or 48kHz. Switching between default and alternate values is 516 enabled only when the sinks/sources are suspended. This option 517 is ignored in passthrough mode where the stream rate will be used. 518 If set to the same value as the default sample rate, this feature is 519 disabled.</p> 520 </option> 521 522 </section> 523 524 <section name="Default Fragment Settings"> 525 526 <p>Some hardware drivers require the hardware playback buffer to 527 be subdivided into several fragments. It is possible to change 528 these buffer metrics for machines with high scheduling 529 latencies. Not all possible values that may be configured here are 530 available in all hardware. The driver will find the nearest 531 setting supported. Modern drivers that support timer-based 532 scheduling ignore these options.</p> 533 534 <option> 535 <p><opt>default-fragments=</opt> The default number of 536 fragments. Defaults to 4.</p> 537 </option> 538 <option> 539 <p><opt>default-fragment-size-msec=</opt>The duration of a 540 single fragment. Defaults to 25ms (i.e. the total buffer is thus 541 100ms long).</p> 542 </option> 543 544 </section> 545 546 <section name="Default Deferred Volume Settings"> 547 548 <p>With the flat volume feature enabled, the sink HW volume is set 549 to the same level as the highest volume input stream. Any other streams 550 (with lower volumes) have the appropriate adjustment applied in SW to 551 bring them to the correct overall level. Sadly hardware mixer changes 552 cannot be timed accurately and thus this change of volumes can sometimes 553 cause the resulting output sound to be momentarily too loud or too soft. 554 So to ensure SW and HW volumes are applied concurrently without any 555 glitches, their application needs to be synchronized. The sink 556 implementation needs to support deferred volumes. The following 557 parameters can be used to refine the process.</p> 558 559 <option> 560 <p><opt>enable-deferred-volume=</opt> Enable deferred volume for the sinks that 561 support it. This feature is enabled by default.</p> 562 </option> 563 <option> 564 <p><opt>deferred-volume-safety-margin-usec=</opt> The amount of time (in 565 usec) by which the HW volume increases are delayed and HW volume 566 decreases are advanced. Defaults to 8000 usec.</p> 567 </option> 568 <option> 569 <p><opt>deferred-volume-extra-delay-usec=</opt> The amount of time (in usec) 570 by which HW volume changes are delayed. Negative values are also allowed. 571 Defaults to 0.</p> 572 </option> 573 574 </section> 575 576 <section name="Authors"> 577 <p>The PulseAudio Developers <@PACKAGE_BUGREPORT@>; PulseAudio is available from <url href="@PACKAGE_URL@"/></p> 578 </section> 579 580 <section name="See also"> 581 <p> 582 <manref name="pulse-client.conf" section="5"/>, <manref name="default.pa" section="5"/>, <manref name="pulseaudio" section="1"/>, <manref name="pacmd" section="1"/> 583 </p> 584 </section> 585 586</manpage> 587