1# Compilation and Building 2 3 4## Mini and Small Systems 5 6 7### "usr/sbin/ninja: invalid option -- w" 8 9- **Symptom** 10 11 The build fails, and **usr/sbin/ninja: invalid option -- w** is displayed. 12 13- **Possible Causes** 14 15 The Ninja version in use does not support the **--w** option. 16 17- **Solution** 18 19 Uninstall Ninja and GN, and [install Ninja and GN of the required version](../get-code/gettools-ide.md). 20 21 22### "/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lncurses" 23 24- **Symptom** 25 26 The build fails, and **/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lncurses** is displayed. 27 28- **Possible Causes** 29 30 The ncurses library is not installed. 31 32- **Solution** 33 34 ``` 35 sudo apt-get install lib32ncurses5-dev 36 ``` 37 38 39### "line 77: mcopy: command not found" 40 41- **Symptom** 42 43 The build fails, and **line 77: mcopy: command not found** is displayed. 44 45- **Possible Causes** 46 47 mcopy is not installed. 48 49- **Solution** 50 51 ``` 52 sudo apt-get install dosfstools mtools 53 ``` 54 55 56### "riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc: error trying to exec 'cc1': execvp: No such file or directory" 57 58- **Symptom** 59 60 The build fails, and the following information is displayed: <br>**riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc: error trying to exec 'cc1': execvp: No such file or directory** 61 62- **Possible Causes** 63 64 You do not have the required permission to access files in the RISC-V compiler directory. 65 66- **Solution** 67 68 1. Run the following command to locate **gcc_riscv32**: 69 70 ``` 71 which riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc 72 ``` 73 74 75 76 2. Run the **chmod** command to change the directory permission to **755**. 77 78 79### "No module named 'Crypto'" 80 81- **Symptom** 82 83 The build fails, and **No module named 'Crypto'** is displayed. 84 85- **Possible Causes** 86 87 Crypto is not installed in Python3. 88 89- **Solution** 90 91 1. Run the following command to query the Python version: 92 93 ``` 94 python3 --version 95 ``` 96 2. Ensure that Python 3.7 or later is installed, and then run the following command to install pycryptodome: 97 98 ``` 99 sudo pip3 install pycryptodome 100 ``` 101 102 103### "xx.sh: xx unexpected operator" 104 105- **Symptom** 106 107 The build fails, and **xx.sh [: xx unexpected operator** is displayed. 108 109- **Possible Causes** 110 111 The build environment shell is not bash. 112 113- **Solution** 114 115 ``` 116 sudo rm -rf /bin/sh 117 sudo ln -s /bin/bash /bin/sh 118 ``` 119 120 121### "Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement six>=1.9.0" 122 123- **Symptom** 124 125 The following information is displayed during the build process: 126 127 128 ``` 129 Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement six>=1.9.0 130 ``` 131 132- **Possible Causes** 133 134 **six** is not installed. 135 136- **Solution** 137 138 Method 1: Run the **pip3 install six** command to install **six** online. 139 140 Method 2: Install **six** offline. 141 142 1. Download the installation package from [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/six/#files). 143 144 145  146 147 2. Save the source code to the Linux server and run the **pip3 install six-1.14.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl** command to install **six**. 148 149 3. Start the build again. 150 151 152### "cannot find -lgcc" 153 154- **Symptom** 155 156 The following information is displayed during the build process: 157 158 159 ``` 160 riscv32-unknown-elf-ld: cannot find -lgcc 161 ``` 162 163- **Possible Causes** 164 165 The gcc_riscv32 path is incorrectly set as follows. There is an extra slash (/) after **bin**. 166 167 168 ``` 169 ~/gcc_riscv32/bin/:/data/toolchain/ 170 ``` 171 172- **Solution** 173 174 Modify the gcc_riscv32 path as follows: 175 176 177 ``` 178 ~/gcc_riscv32/bin:/data/toolchain/ 179 ``` 180 181 182### Failed to Find Python 183 184- **Symptom** 185 186 The following information is displayed during the build process: 187 188 189 ``` 190 -bash: /usr/bin/python: No such file or directory 191 ``` 192 193- **Possible Cause 1** 194 195 Python is not installed. 196 197- **Solution** 198 199 Run the following command to install Python. The following uses Python 3.8 as an example. 200 201 202 ``` 203 sudo apt-get install python3.8 204 ``` 205 206- **Possible Cause 2** 207 208 The soft link to Python does not exist in the **usr/bin** directory. 209 210  211 212- **Solution** 213 214 Run the following commands to add the soft link to Python: 215 216 217 ``` 218 # cd /usr/bin/ 219 # which python3 220 # ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3 python 221 # python --version 222 ``` 223 224 Example: 225 226  227 228 229### Failed to Find Python3 230 231- **Symptom** 232 233  234 235- **Possible Causes** 236 237 Python 3 is not installed. 238 239- **Solution** 240 241 Run the following command to install Python 3: 242 243 244 ``` 245 sudo apt-get install python3.8 246 ``` 247
