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1# LMS调测
2
3
4## 基本概念
5
6LMS全称为Lite Memory Sanitizer,是一种实时检测内存操作合法性的调测工具。LMS能够实时检测缓冲区溢出(buffer overflow),释放后使用(use after free) 和重复释放(double free), 在异常发生的第一时间通知操作系统,结合backtrace等定位手段,能准确定位到产生内存问题的代码行,极大提升内存问题定位效率。
7
8OpenHarmony LiteOS-A内核的LMS模块提供下面几种功能:
9
10- 支持多内存池检测;
11
12- 支持LOS_MemAlloc、LOS_MemAllocAlign、LOS_MemRealloc申请出的内存检测;
13
14- 支持安全函数的访问检测(默认开启);
15
16- 支持libc 高频函数的访问检测,包括:memset、memcpy、memmove、strcat、strcpy、strncat、strncpy。
17
18
19## 运行机制
20
21LMS使用影子内存映射标记系统内存的状态,一共可标记为三个状态:可读写,不可读写,已释放。影子内存存放在内存池的尾部。
22
23- 内存从堆上申请后,会将数据区的影子内存设置为“可读写”状态,并将头节点区的影子内存设置为“不可读写”状态。
24
25- 内存在堆上被释放时,会将被释放内存的影子内存设置为“已释放”状态。
26
27- 编译代码时,会在代码中的读写指令前插入检测函数,对地址的合法性进行检验。主要是检测访问内存的影子内存的状态值,若检测到影子内存为不可读写,则会报溢出错误;若检测到影子内存为已释放,则会报释放后使用错误。
28
29- 在内存释放时,会检测被释放地址的影子内存状态值,若检测到影子内存非可读写,则会报重复释放错误。
30
31
32## 接口说明
33
34
35### 内核态
36
37OpenHarmony LiteOS-A内核的LMS模块提供下面几种功能,接口详细信息可以查看[API](https://gitee.com/openharmony/kernel_liteos_a/blob/master/kernel/include/los_lms.h)参考。
38
39  **表1** LMS模块接口说明
40
41| 功能分类 | 接口名 | 描述 |
42| -------- | -------- | -------- |
43| 添加指定内存池被检测 | LOS_LmsCheckPoolAdd | 将指定内存池的地址范围添加到LMS的内存检测链表上,当访问的地址在链表范围内时,LMS才进行合法性校验;且LOS_MemInit接口会调用该接口,默认将初始化的内存池挂入到检测链表中。 |
44| 删除指定内存池不被检测 | LOS_LmsCheckPoolDel | 不检测指定内存池地址范围内的合法性校验。 |
45| 使能指定内存段锁保护 | LOS_LmsAddrProtect | 为某段内存地址上锁,设置为不可读写,一旦访问则报错。 |
46| 去能指定内存段锁保护 | LOS_LmsAddrDisableProtect | 为某段内存地址解锁,设置为可读写。 |
47
48
49### 用户态
50
51用户态仅提供LMS检测库,不提供对外接口。
52
53
54## 开发指导
55
56
57### 内核态开发流程
58
59开启LMS调测的典型流程如下:
60
611. 配置LMS模块相关宏。
62   配置LMS控制宏LOSCFG_KERNEL_LMS,默认关,在kernel/liteos_a目录下执行 make update_config命令配置"Kernel->Enable Lite Memory Sanitizer"中打开YES:
63
64     | 宏 | menuconfig选项 | 含义 | 取值 |
65   | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
66   | LOSCFG_KERNEL_LMS | Enable Lms Feature | Lms模块的裁剪开关 | YES/NO |
67   | LOSCFG_LMS_MAX_RECORD_POOL_NUM | Lms check pool max num | LMS支持的检测内存池最大个数 | INT |
68   | LOSCFG_LMS_LOAD_CHECK | Enable lms read check | LMS内存读检测的裁剪开关 | YES/NO |
69   | LOSCFG_LMS_STORE_CHECK | Enable lms write check | LMS内存写检测的裁剪开关 | YES/NO |
70   | LOSCFG_LMS_CHECK_STRICT | Enable lms strict check, byte-by-byte | LMS内存逐字节严格检测的裁剪开关 | YES/NO |
71
722. 在被检测模块的编译脚本中,修改编译选项。
73   增加LMS检测编译选项-fsanitize=kernel-address。为避免编译器优化,增加-O0编译选项。
74
75     gcc与clang编译选项存在差异,参照如下示例:
76
77   ```
78   if ("$ohos_build_compiler_specified" == "gcc") {
79       cflags_c = [
80       "-O0",
81       "-fsanitize=kernel-address",
82       ]
83   } else {
84       cflags_c = [
85       "-O0",
86       "-fsanitize=kernel-address",
87       "-mllvm",
88       "-asan-instrumentation-with-call-threshold=0",
89       "-mllvm",
90       "-asan-stack=0",
91       "-mllvm",
92       "-asan-globals=0",
93       ]
94   }
95   ```
96
973. 重新编译,查看串口输出。如果检测到内存问题,会输出检测结果。
98
99
100#### 内核态编程实例
101
102本实例实现如下功能:
103
1041. 创建一个用于Lms测试的任务。
105
1062. 构造内存溢出错误和释放后使用错误。
107
1083. 添加-fsanitize=kernel-address后编译执行,观察输出结果。
109
110
111#### 内核态示例代码
112
113  该示例代码的测试函数可以加在 kernel /liteos_a/testsuites /kernel /src /osTest.c  中的 TestTaskEntry 中进行测试。
114  实例代码如下:
115
116```c
117#define PAGE_SIZE       (0x1000U)
118#define INDEX_MAX       20
119UINT32 g_lmsTestTaskId;
120char g_testLmsPool[2 * PAGE_SIZE];
121STATIC VOID testPoolInit(void)
122{
123    UINT32 ret = LOS_MemInit(g_testLmsPool, 2 * PAGE_SIZE);
124    if (ret != 0) {
125        PRINT_ERR("%s failed, ret = 0x%x\n", __FUNCTION__, ret);
126        return;
127    }
128}
129static VOID LmsTestOsmallocOverflow(VOID)
130{
131    PRINTK("\n######%s start ######\n", __FUNCTION__);
132    UINT32 i;
133    CHAR *str = (CHAR *)LOS_MemAlloc(g_testLmsPool, INDEX_MAX);
134    PRINTK("str[%2d]=0x%2x ", INDEX_MAX, str[INDEX_MAX]); /* trigger heap overflow at str[INDEX_MAX] */
135    PRINTK("\n######%s stop ######\n", __FUNCTION__);
136}
137static VOID LmsTestUseAfterFree(VOID)
138{
139    PRINTK("\n######%s start ######\n", __FUNCTION__);
140    UINT32 i;
141    CHAR *str = (CHAR *)LOS_MemAlloc(g_testLmsPool, INDEX_MAX);
142    (VOID)LOS_MemFree(g_testLmsPool, str);
143    PRINTK("str[%2d]=0x%2x ", 0, str[0]); /* trigger use after free at str[0] */
144    PRINTK("\n######%s stop ######\n", __FUNCTION__);
145}
146VOID LmsTestCaseTask(VOID)
147{
148    testPoolInit();
149    LmsTestOsmallocOverflow();
150    LmsTestUseAfterFree();
151}
152UINT32 Example_Lms_test(VOID)
153{
154    UINT32 ret;
155    TSK_INIT_PARAM_S lmsTestTask;
156    /* 创建用于lms测试的任务 */
157    memset(&lmsTestTask, 0, sizeof(TSK_INIT_PARAM_S));
158    lmsTestTask.pfnTaskEntry = (TSK_ENTRY_FUNC)LmsTestCaseTask;
159    lmsTestTask.pcName       = "TestLmsTsk";    /* 测试任务名称 */
160    lmsTestTask.uwStackSize  = 0x800; // 0x800: lms test task stack size
161    lmsTestTask.usTaskPrio   = 5; // 5: lms test task priority
162    lmsTestTask.uwResved   = LOS_TASK_STATUS_DETACHED;
163    ret = LOS_TaskCreate(&g_lmsTestTaskId, &lmsTestTask);
164    if (ret != LOS_OK) {
165        PRINT_ERR("LmsTestTask create failed .\n");
166        return LOS_NOK;
167    }
168    return LOS_OK;
169}
170LOS_MODULE_INIT(Example_Lms_test, LOS_INIT_LEVEL_KMOD_EXTENDED);
171```
172
173
174#### 内核态结果验证
175
176  输出结果如下:
177
178```
179######LmsTestOsmallocOverflow start ######
180[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]*  Kernel Address Sanitizer Error Detected Start *
181[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Heap buffer overflow error detected
182[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Illegal READ address at: [0x4157a3c8]
183[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Shadow memory address: [0x4157be3c : 4]  Shadow memory value: [2]
184OsBackTrace fp = 0x402c0f88
185runTask->taskName = LmsTestCaseTask
186runTask->taskID = 2
187***backtrace begin***
188traceback fp fixed, trace using   fp = 0x402c0fd0
189traceback 0 -- lr = 0x400655a4    fp = 0x402c0ff8
190traceback 1 -- lr = 0x40065754    fp = 0x402c1010
191traceback 2 -- lr = 0x40044bd0    fp = 0x402c1038
192traceback 3 -- lr = 0x40004e14    fp = 0xcacacaca
193[LMS] Dump info around address [0x4157a3c8]:
194        [0x4157a3a0]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3a |  0]:  1  1
195        [0x4157a3a8]:  ba  dc  cd  ab  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3a |  4]:  2  2
196        [0x4157a3b0]:  20  00  00  80  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3b |  0]:  2  0
197        [0x4157a3b8]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3b |  4]:  0  0
198        [0x4157a3c0]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3c |  0]:  0  0
199        [0x4157a3c8]: [ba] dc  cd  ab  a8  a3  57  41 | [0x4157be3c |  4]: [2] 2
200        [0x4157a3d0]:  2c  1a  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3d |  0]:  2  3
201        [0x4157a3d8]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3d |  4]:  3  3
202        [0x4157a3e0]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3e |  0]:  3  3
203        [0x4157a3e8]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3e |  4]:  3  3
204        [0x4157a3f0]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3f |  0]:  3  3
205[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]*  Kernel Address Sanitizer Error Detected End *
206str[20]=0xffffffba
207######LmsTestOsmallocOverflow stop ######
208###### LmsTestUseAfterFree start ######
209[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]*  Kernel Address Sanitizer Error Detected Start *
210[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Use after free error detected
211[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Illegal READ address at: [0x4157a3d4]
212[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]Shadow memory address: [0x4157be3d : 2]  Shadow memory value: [3]
213OsBackTrace fp = 0x402c0f90
214runTask->taskName = LmsTestCaseTask
215runTask->taskID = 2
216***backtrace begin***
217traceback fp fixed, trace using   fp = 0x402c0fd8
218traceback 0 -- lr = 0x40065680    fp = 0x402c0ff8
219traceback 1 -- lr = 0x40065758    fp = 0x402c1010
220traceback 2 -- lr = 0x40044bd0    fp = 0x402c1038
221traceback 3 -- lr = 0x40004e14    fp = 0xcacacaca
222[LMS] Dump info around address [0x4157a3d4]:
223        [0x4157a3a8]:  ba  dc  cd  ab  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3a |  4]:  2  2
224        [0x4157a3b0]:  20  00  00  80  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3b |  0]:  2  0
225        [0x4157a3b8]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3b |  4]:  0  0
226        [0x4157a3c0]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3c |  0]:  0  0
227        [0x4157a3c8]:  ba  dc  cd  ab  a8  a3  57  41 | [0x4157be3c |  4]:  2  2
228        [0x4157a3d0]:  2c  1a  00  00 [00] 00  00  00 | [0x4157be3d |  0]:  2 [3]
229        [0x4157a3d8]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3d |  4]:  3  3
230        [0x4157a3e0]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3e |  0]:  3  3
231        [0x4157a3e8]:  ba  dc  cd  ab  c8  a3  57  41 | [0x4157be3e |  4]:  2  2
232        [0x4157a3f0]:  0c  1a  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3f |  0]:  2  3
233        [0x4157a3f8]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x4157be3f |  4]:  3  3
234[ERR][KProcess:LmsTestCaseTask]*  Kernel Address Sanitizer Error Detected End *
235str[ 0]=0x 0
236######LmsTestUseAfterFree stop ######
237```
238
239输出的关键信息包括:
240
241- 错误类型:
242  - Heap buffer overflow堆内存越界
243  - Use after free 释放后使用
244
245- 错误操作:
246  - Illegal Read非法读
247  - Illegal Write非法写
248  - Illegal Double free重复释放
249
250- 上下文:
251  - 当前任务信息(taskName, taskId)
252  - 回溯栈(backtrace)
253
254- 出错地址的内存信息:
255  - 内存的值、及对应影子内存的值
256  - 内存地址:内存值| [影子内存地址 | 影子内存字节内偏移]:影子内存值
257  - 影子内存值:0(可读可写)、3(已释放)、2(红区)、1(填充值)。
258
259
260### 用户态开发流程
261
262在待检测的app编译脚本中,添加如下参数即可, 完整示例可参见 [/kernel/liteos_a/apps/lms/BUILD.gn](https://gitee.com/openharmony/kernel_liteos_a/blob/master/apps/lms/BUILD.gn)263
264
265```
266if ("$ohos_build_compiler_specified" == "gcc") {
267        cflags_c = [
268        "-O0",
269        "-fsanitize=kernel-address",
270        "-funwind-tables",
271        "-fasynchronous-unwind-tables",
272        ]
273    } else {
274        cflags_c = [
275            "-O0",
276            "-fsanitize=kernel-address",
277            "-mllvm",
278            "-asan-instrumentation-with-call-threshold=0",
279            "-mllvm",
280            "-asan-stack=0",
281            "-mllvm",
282            "-asan-globals=0",
283            "-funwind-tables",
284            "-fasynchronous-unwind-tables",
285        ]
286  }
287  ldflags = [
288    "-rdynamic",
289    "-lunwind",
290    "-lusrlms",
291    "-Wl,--wrap=realloc",
292    "-Wl,--wrap=calloc",
293    "-Wl,--wrap=malloc",
294    "-Wl,--wrap=free",
295    "-Wl,--wrap=valloc",
296    "-Wl,--wrap=aligned_alloc",
297    "-Wl,--wrap=memset",
298    "-Wl,--wrap=memcpy",
299    "-Wl,--wrap=memmove",
300    "-Wl,--wrap=strcpy",
301    "-Wl,--wrap=strcat",
302  ]
303  deps = [ "//kernel/liteos_a/kernel/extended/lms/usr:usrlmslib" ]
304```
305
306
307#### 用户态编程实例
308
309本实例实现如下功能:
310
3111. 构造内存溢出错误和释放后使用错误。
312
3132. 添加对应编译选项后,重新编译执行。
314
315
316#### 用户态示例代码
317
318  实例代码如下:
319
320```c
321static void BufWriteTest(void *buf, int start, int end)
322{
323    for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
324        ((char *)buf)[i] = 'a';
325    }
326}
327static void BufReadTest(void *buf, int start, int end)
328{
329    char tmp;
330    for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
331        tmp = ((char *)buf)[i];
332    }
333}
334static void LmsMallocTest(void)
335{
336    printf("\n-------- LmsMallocTest Start --------\n");
337    char *buf = (char *)malloc(16); // 16: buffer size for test
338    BufReadTest(buf, -1, 16);
339    free(buf);
340    printf("\n-------- LmsMallocTest End --------\n");
341}
342static void LmsFreeTest(void)
343{
344    printf("\n-------- LmsFreeTest Start --------\n");
345    char *buf = (char *)malloc(16); // 16: buffer size for test
346    free(buf);
347    BufReadTest(buf, 1, 1);
348    free(buf);
349    printf("\n-------- LmsFreeTest End --------\n");
350}
351int main(int argc, char * const * argv)
352{
353    printf("\n############### Lms Test start ###############\n");
354    char *tmp = (char *)malloc(5000); // 5000: temp buffer size
355    LmsMallocTest();
356    LmsFreeTest();
357    printf("\n############### Lms Test End ###############\n");
358}
359```
360
361
362#### 用户态结果验证
363
364  输出结果如下:
365
366```
367*  Lite Memory Sanitizer Error Detected  *
368Heap buffer overflow error detected!
369Illegal READ address at: [0x1f8b3edf]
370Shadow memory address: [0x3d34d3ed : 6]  Shadow memory value: [2]
371Accessible heap addr     0
372Heap red zone            2
373Heap freed buffer        3
374Dump info around address [0x1f8b3edf]:
375        [0x1f8b3eb8]:  74  55  8b  1f  74  55  8b  1f | [0x3d34d3eb |  4]:  0  0
376        [0x1f8b3ec0]:  f8  9c  8b  1f  00  00  00  00 | [0x3d34d3ec |  0]:  0  0
377        [0x1f8b3ec8]:  00  00  00  00  9c  fc  fc  fc | [0x3d34d3ec |  4]:  0  0
378        [0x1f8b3ed0]:  21  00  00  00  41  00  00  00 | [0x3d34d3ed |  0]:  0  0
379        [0x1f8b3ed8]:  60  55  8b  1f  60  55  8b [1f]| [0x3d34d3ed |  4]:  2 [2]
380        [0x1f8b3ee0]:  50  4e  0b  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x3d34d3ee |  0]:  0  0
381        [0x1f8b3ee8]:  09  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x3d34d3ee |  4]:  0  0
382        [0x1f8b3ef0]:  00  00  00  00  08  03  09  00 | [0x3d34d3ef |  0]:  2  2
383        [0x1f8b3ef8]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x3d34d3ef |  4]:  2  2
384*  Lite Memory Sanitizer Error Detected End *
385Backtrace() returned 5 addresses
386    #01: <LMS_ReportError+0x284>[0x4d6c] -> ./sample_usr_lms
387    #02: <(null)+0x2004074>[0x4074] -> ./sample_usr_lms
388    #03: <(null)+0x2003714>[0x3714] -> ./sample_usr_lms
389    #04: <main+0x40>[0x363c] -> ./sample_usr_lms
390    #05: <(null)+0x1f856f30>[0x56f30] -> /lib/libc.so
391-------- LMS_malloc_test End --------
392*  Lite Memory Sanitizer Error Detected  *
393Use after free error detected!
394Illegal Double free address at: [0x1f8b3ee0]
395Shadow memory address: [0x3d34d3ee : 0]  Shadow memory value: [3]
396Accessible heap addr     0
397Heap red zone            2
398Heap freed buffer        3
399Dump info around address [0x1f8b3ee0]:
400        [0x1f8b3ec0]:  f8  9c  8b  1f  00  00  00  00 | [0x3d34d3ec |  0]:  0  0
401        [0x1f8b3ec8]:  00  00  00  00  fc  fd  fc  fc | [0x3d34d3ec |  4]:  0  0
402        [0x1f8b3ed0]:  21  00  00  00  20  01  00  00 | [0x3d34d3ed |  0]:  0  0
403        [0x1f8b3ed8]:  60  55  8b  1f  60  55  8b  1f | [0x3d34d3ed |  4]:  2  2
404        [0x1f8b3ee0]: [20] 60  9a  1f  40  61  9a  1f | [0x3d34d3ee |  0]: [3] 3
405        [0x1f8b3ee8]:  60  62  9a  1f  80  63  9a  1f | [0x3d34d3ee |  4]:  3  3
406        [0x1f8b3ef0]:  20  40  8b  1f  20  20  8b  1f | [0x3d34d3ef |  0]:  3  3
407        [0x1f8b3ef8]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x3d34d3ef |  4]:  3  3
408        [0x1f8b3f00]:  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00 | [0x3d34d3f0 |  0]:  3  3
409*  Lite Memory Sanitizer Error Detected End *
410Backtrace() returned 5 addresses
411    #01: <LMS_ReportError+0x284>[0x4d6c] -> ./sample_usr_lms
412    #02: <LMS_free+0xcc>[0x5548] -> ./sample_usr_lms
413    #03: <(null)+0x2003fc4>[0x3fc4] -> ./sample_usr_lms
414    #04: <main+0x68>[0x3664] -> ./sample_usr_lms
415    #05: <(null)+0x1f856f30>[0x56f30] -> /lib/libc.so
416-------- LMS_free_test End --------
417```
418
419输出的Backtrace中包含地址所在的文件名,用户需查找对应文件中地址对应的代码行号。
420