1# How to backport a pull request to a release line 2 3## Staging branches 4 5Each release line has a staging branch that the releaser will use as a scratch 6pad while preparing a release. The branch name is formatted as follows: 7`vN.x-staging` where `N` is the major release number. 8 9For the active staging branches see the [Release Schedule][]. 10 11## What needs to be backported? 12 13If a cherry-pick from master does not land cleanly on a staging branch, the 14releaser will mark the pull request with a particular label for that release 15line (e.g. `backport-requested-vN.x`), specifying to our tooling that this 16pull request should not be included. The releaser will then add a comment 17requesting that a backport pull request be made. 18 19## What can be backported? 20 21The "Current" release line is much more lenient than the LTS release lines in 22what can be landed. Our LTS release lines (see the [Release Plan][]) 23require that commits mature in the Current release for at least 2 weeks before 24they can be landed in an LTS staging branch. Only after "maturation" will those 25commits be cherry-picked or backported. 26 27## How to submit a backport pull request 28 29For the following steps, let's assume that a backport is needed for the v10.x 30release line. All commands will use the `v10.x-staging` branch as the target 31branch. In order to submit a backport pull request to another branch, simply 32replace that with the staging branch for the targeted release line. 33 341. Checkout the staging branch for the targeted release line. 352. Make sure that the local staging branch is up to date with the remote. 363. Create a new branch off of the staging branch, as shown below. 37 38 ```bash 39 # Assuming your fork of Node.js is checked out in $NODE_DIR, 40 # the origin remote points to your fork, and the upstream remote points 41 # to git://github.com/nodejs/node 42 cd $NODE_DIR 43 # If v10.x-staging is checked out `pull` should be used instead of `fetch` 44 git fetch upstream v10.x-staging:v10.x-staging -f 45 # Assume we want to backport PR #10157 46 git checkout -b backport-10157-to-v10.x v10.x-staging 47 # Ensure there are no test artifacts from previous builds 48 # Note that this command deletes all files and directories 49 # not under revision control below the ./test directory. 50 # It is optional and should be used with caution. 51 git clean -xfd ./test/ 52 ``` 53 544. After creating the branch, apply the changes to the branch. The cherry-pick 55 will likely fail due to conflicts. In that case, you will see something 56 like this: 57 58 ```console 59 # Say the $SHA is 773cdc31ef 60 $ git cherry-pick $SHA # Use your commit hash 61 error: could not apply 773cdc3... <commit title> 62 hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths 63 hint: with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>' 64 hint: and commit the result with 'git commit' 65 ``` 66 675. Make the required changes to remove the conflicts, add the files to the index 68 using `git add`, and then commit the changes. That can be done with 69 `git cherry-pick --continue`. 706. Leave the commit message as is. If you think it should be modified, comment 71 in the pull request. The `Backport-PR-URL` metadata does need to be added to 72 the commit, but this will be done later. 737. Make sure `make -j4 test` passes. 748. Push the changes to your fork. 759. Open a pull request: 76 1. Be sure to target the `v10.x-staging` branch in the pull request. 77 1. Include the backport target in the pull request title in the following 78 format: `[v10.x backport] <commit title>`. 79 Example: `[v10.x backport] process: improve performance of nextTick` 80 1. Check the checkbox labeled "Allow edits and access to secrets by 81 maintainers". 82 1. In the description add a reference to the original pull request. 83 1. Amend the commit message and include a `Backport-PR-URL:` metadata and 84 re-push the change to your fork. 85 1. Run a [`node-test-pull-request`][] CI job (with `REBASE_ONTO` set to the 86 default `<pr base branch>`) 8710. If during the review process conflicts arise, use the following to rebase: 88 `git pull --rebase upstream v10.x-staging` 89 90After the pull request lands, replace the `backport-requested-v10.x` label 91on the original pull request with `backported-to-v10.x`. 92 93[Release Plan]: https://github.com/nodejs/Release#release-plan 94[Release Schedule]: https://github.com/nodejs/Release#release-schedule 95[`node-test-pull-request`]: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/build 96