1<!DOCTYPE html> 2<html lang="en"> 3<head> 4 <meta charset="utf-8"> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> 6 <meta name="nodejs.org:node-version" content="v14.21.2"> 7 <title>Query string | Node.js v14.21.2 Documentation</title> 8 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic&display=fallback"> 9 <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/style.css"> 10 <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/hljs.css"> 11 <link rel="canonical" href="https://nodejs.org/api/querystring.html"> 12</head> 13<body class="alt apidoc" id="api-section-querystring"> 14 <div id="content" class="clearfix"> 15 <div id="column2" class="interior"> 16 <div id="intro" class="interior"> 17 <a href="/" title="Go back to the home page"> 18 Node.js 19 </a> 20 </div> 21 <ul> 22<li><a href="documentation.html" class="nav-documentation">About this documentation</a></li> 23<li><a href="synopsis.html" class="nav-synopsis">Usage and example</a></li> 24</ul> 25<hr class="line"> 26<ul> 27<li><a href="assert.html" class="nav-assert">Assertion testing</a></li> 28<li><a href="async_hooks.html" class="nav-async_hooks">Async hooks</a></li> 29<li><a href="buffer.html" class="nav-buffer">Buffer</a></li> 30<li><a href="addons.html" class="nav-addons">C++ addons</a></li> 31<li><a href="n-api.html" class="nav-n-api">C/C++ addons with Node-API</a></li> 32<li><a href="embedding.html" class="nav-embedding">C++ embedder API</a></li> 33<li><a href="child_process.html" class="nav-child_process">Child processes</a></li> 34<li><a href="cluster.html" class="nav-cluster">Cluster</a></li> 35<li><a href="cli.html" class="nav-cli">Command-line options</a></li> 36<li><a href="console.html" class="nav-console">Console</a></li> 37<li><a href="corepack.html" class="nav-corepack">Corepack</a></li> 38<li><a href="crypto.html" class="nav-crypto">Crypto</a></li> 39<li><a href="debugger.html" class="nav-debugger">Debugger</a></li> 40<li><a href="deprecations.html" class="nav-deprecations">Deprecated APIs</a></li> 41<li><a href="diagnostics_channel.html" class="nav-diagnostics_channel">Diagnostics Channel</a></li> 42<li><a href="dns.html" class="nav-dns">DNS</a></li> 43<li><a href="domain.html" class="nav-domain">Domain</a></li> 44<li><a href="errors.html" class="nav-errors">Errors</a></li> 45<li><a href="events.html" class="nav-events">Events</a></li> 46<li><a href="fs.html" class="nav-fs">File system</a></li> 47<li><a href="globals.html" class="nav-globals">Globals</a></li> 48<li><a href="http.html" class="nav-http">HTTP</a></li> 49<li><a href="http2.html" class="nav-http2">HTTP/2</a></li> 50<li><a href="https.html" class="nav-https">HTTPS</a></li> 51<li><a href="inspector.html" class="nav-inspector">Inspector</a></li> 52<li><a href="intl.html" class="nav-intl">Internationalization</a></li> 53<li><a href="modules.html" class="nav-modules">Modules: CommonJS modules</a></li> 54<li><a href="esm.html" class="nav-esm">Modules: ECMAScript modules</a></li> 55<li><a href="module.html" class="nav-module">Modules: <code>module</code> API</a></li> 56<li><a href="packages.html" class="nav-packages">Modules: Packages</a></li> 57<li><a href="net.html" class="nav-net">Net</a></li> 58<li><a href="os.html" class="nav-os">OS</a></li> 59<li><a href="path.html" class="nav-path">Path</a></li> 60<li><a href="perf_hooks.html" class="nav-perf_hooks">Performance hooks</a></li> 61<li><a href="policy.html" class="nav-policy">Policies</a></li> 62<li><a href="process.html" class="nav-process">Process</a></li> 63<li><a href="punycode.html" class="nav-punycode">Punycode</a></li> 64<li><a href="querystring.html" class="nav-querystring active">Query strings</a></li> 65<li><a href="readline.html" class="nav-readline">Readline</a></li> 66<li><a href="repl.html" class="nav-repl">REPL</a></li> 67<li><a href="report.html" class="nav-report">Report</a></li> 68<li><a href="stream.html" class="nav-stream">Stream</a></li> 69<li><a href="string_decoder.html" class="nav-string_decoder">String decoder</a></li> 70<li><a href="timers.html" class="nav-timers">Timers</a></li> 71<li><a href="tls.html" class="nav-tls">TLS/SSL</a></li> 72<li><a href="tracing.html" class="nav-tracing">Trace events</a></li> 73<li><a href="tty.html" class="nav-tty">TTY</a></li> 74<li><a href="dgram.html" class="nav-dgram">UDP/datagram</a></li> 75<li><a href="url.html" class="nav-url">URL</a></li> 76<li><a href="util.html" class="nav-util">Utilities</a></li> 77<li><a href="v8.html" class="nav-v8">V8</a></li> 78<li><a href="vm.html" class="nav-vm">VM</a></li> 79<li><a href="wasi.html" class="nav-wasi">WASI</a></li> 80<li><a href="worker_threads.html" class="nav-worker_threads">Worker threads</a></li> 81<li><a href="zlib.html" class="nav-zlib">Zlib</a></li> 82</ul> 83<hr class="line"> 84<ul> 85<li><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node" class="nav-https-github-com-nodejs-node">Code repository and issue tracker</a></li> 86</ul> 87 </div> 88 89 <div id="column1" data-id="querystring" class="interior"> 90 <header> 91 <div class="header-container"> 92 <h1>Node.js v14.21.2 documentation</h1> 93 <button class="theme-toggle-btn" id="theme-toggle-btn" title="Toggle dark mode/light mode" aria-label="Toggle dark mode/light mode" hidden> 94 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon dark-icon" height="24" width="24"> 95 <path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> 96 <path d="M11.1 12.08c-2.33-4.51-.5-8.48.53-10.07C6.27 2.2 1.98 6.59 1.98 12c0 .14.02.28.02.42.62-.27 1.29-.42 2-.42 1.66 0 3.18.83 4.1 2.15A4.01 4.01 0 0111 18c0 1.52-.87 2.83-2.12 3.51.98.32 2.03.5 3.11.5 3.5 0 6.58-1.8 8.37-4.52-2.36.23-6.98-.97-9.26-5.41z"/> 97 <path d="M7 16h-.18C6.4 14.84 5.3 14 4 14c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3h3c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2z"/> 98 </svg> 99 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon light-icon" height="24" width="24"> 100 <path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /> 101 <path d="M6.76 4.84l-1.8-1.79-1.41 1.41 1.79 1.79 1.42-1.41zM4 10.5H1v2h3v-2zm9-9.95h-2V3.5h2V.55zm7.45 3.91l-1.41-1.41-1.79 1.79 1.41 1.41 1.79-1.79zm-3.21 13.7l1.79 1.8 1.41-1.41-1.8-1.79-1.4 1.4zM20 10.5v2h3v-2h-3zm-8-5c-3.31 0-6 2.69-6 6s2.69 6 6 6 6-2.69 6-6-2.69-6-6-6zm-1 16.95h2V19.5h-2v2.95zm-7.45-3.91l1.41 1.41 1.79-1.8-1.41-1.41-1.79 1.8z"/> 102 </svg> 103 </button> 104 </div> 105 <div id="gtoc"> 106 <ul> 107 <li> 108 <a href="index.html">Index</a> 109 </li> 110 <li> 111 <a href="all.html">View on single page</a> 112 </li> 113 <li> 114 <a href="querystring.json">View as JSON</a> 115 </li> 116 117 <li class="version-picker"> 118 <a href="#">View another version <span>▼</span></a> 119 <ol class="version-picker"><li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v19.x/api/querystring.html">19.x</a></li> 120<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v18.x/api/querystring.html">18.x <b>LTS</b></a></li> 121<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v17.x/api/querystring.html">17.x</a></li> 122<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v16.x/api/querystring.html">16.x <b>LTS</b></a></li> 123<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v15.x/api/querystring.html">15.x</a></li> 124<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v14.x/api/querystring.html">14.x <b>LTS</b></a></li> 125<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v13.x/api/querystring.html">13.x</a></li> 126<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v12.x/api/querystring.html">12.x</a></li> 127<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v11.x/api/querystring.html">11.x</a></li> 128<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v10.x/api/querystring.html">10.x</a></li> 129<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v9.x/api/querystring.html">9.x</a></li> 130<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v8.x/api/querystring.html">8.x</a></li> 131<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v7.x/api/querystring.html">7.x</a></li> 132<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v6.x/api/querystring.html">6.x</a></li> 133<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v5.x/api/querystring.html">5.x</a></li> 134<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v4.x/api/querystring.html">4.x</a></li> 135<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v0.12.x/api/querystring.html">0.12.x</a></li> 136<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v0.10.x/api/querystring.html">0.10.x</a></li></ol> 137 </li> 138 139 <li class="edit_on_github"><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/edit/master/doc/api/querystring.md">Edit on GitHub</a></li> 140 </ul> 141 </div> 142 <hr> 143 </header> 144 145 <details id="toc" open><summary>Table of contents</summary><ul> 146<li><span class="stability_3"><a href="#querystring_query_string">Query string</a></span> 147<ul> 148<li><a href="#querystring_querystring_decode"><code>querystring.decode()</code></a></li> 149<li><a href="#querystring_querystring_encode"><code>querystring.encode()</code></a></li> 150<li><a href="#querystring_querystring_escape_str"><code>querystring.escape(str)</code></a></li> 151<li><a href="#querystring_querystring_parse_str_sep_eq_options"><code>querystring.parse(str[, sep[, eq[, options]]])</code></a></li> 152<li><a href="#querystring_querystring_stringify_obj_sep_eq_options"><code>querystring.stringify(obj[, sep[, eq[, options]]])</code></a></li> 153<li><a href="#querystring_querystring_unescape_str"><code>querystring.unescape(str)</code></a></li> 154</ul> 155</li> 156</ul></details> 157 158 <div id="apicontent"> 159 <h2>Query string<span><a class="mark" href="#querystring_query_string" id="querystring_query_string">#</a></span></h2> 160 161<p></p><div class="api_stability api_stability_3"><a href="documentation.html#documentation_stability_index">Stability: 3</a> - Legacy</div><p></p> 162 163<p><strong>Source Code:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v14.21.2/lib/querystring.js">lib/querystring.js</a></p> 164<p>The <code>querystring</code> module provides utilities for parsing and formatting URL 165query strings. It can be accessed using:</p> 166<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> querystring = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'querystring'</span>);</code></pre> 167<p>The <code>querystring</code> API is considered Legacy. While it is still maintained, 168new code should use the <a href="url.html#url_class_urlsearchparams" class="type"><URLSearchParams></a> API instead.</p> 169<section><h3><code>querystring.decode()</code><span><a class="mark" href="#querystring_querystring_decode" id="querystring_querystring_decode">#</a></span></h3> 170<div class="api_metadata"> 171<span>Added in: v0.1.99</span> 172</div> 173<p>The <code>querystring.decode()</code> function is an alias for <code>querystring.parse()</code>.</p> 174</section><section><h3><code>querystring.encode()</code><span><a class="mark" href="#querystring_querystring_encode" id="querystring_querystring_encode">#</a></span></h3> 175<div class="api_metadata"> 176<span>Added in: v0.1.99</span> 177</div> 178<p>The <code>querystring.encode()</code> function is an alias for <code>querystring.stringify()</code>.</p> 179</section><section><h3><code>querystring.escape(str)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#querystring_querystring_escape_str" id="querystring_querystring_escape_str">#</a></span></h3> 180<div class="api_metadata"> 181<span>Added in: v0.1.25</span> 182</div> 183<ul> 184<li><code>str</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> 185</ul> 186<p>The <code>querystring.escape()</code> method performs URL percent-encoding on the given 187<code>str</code> in a manner that is optimized for the specific requirements of URL 188query strings.</p> 189<p>The <code>querystring.escape()</code> method is used by <code>querystring.stringify()</code> and is 190generally not expected to be used directly. It is exported primarily to allow 191application code to provide a replacement percent-encoding implementation if 192necessary by assigning <code>querystring.escape</code> to an alternative function.</p> 193</section><section><h3><code>querystring.parse(str[, sep[, eq[, options]]])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#querystring_querystring_parse_str_sep_eq_options" id="querystring_querystring_parse_str_sep_eq_options">#</a></span></h3> 194<div class="api_metadata"> 195<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> 196<table> 197<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> 198<tr><td>v8.0.0</td> 199<td><p>Multiple empty entries are now parsed correctly (e.g. <code>&=&=</code>).</p></td></tr> 200<tr><td>v6.0.0</td> 201<td><p>The returned object no longer inherits from <code>Object.prototype</code>.</p></td></tr> 202<tr><td>v6.0.0, v4.2.4</td> 203<td><p>The <code>eq</code> parameter may now have a length of more than <code>1</code>.</p></td></tr> 204<tr><td>v0.1.25</td> 205<td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.25</span></p></td></tr> 206</tbody></table> 207</details> 208</div> 209<ul> 210<li><code>str</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The URL query string to parse</li> 211<li><code>sep</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The substring used to delimit key and value pairs in the 212query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'&'</code>.</li> 213<li><code>eq</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a>. The substring used to delimit keys and values in the 214query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'='</code>.</li> 215<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a> 216<ul> 217<li><code>decodeURIComponent</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type"><Function></a> The function to use when decoding 218percent-encoded characters in the query string. <strong>Default:</strong> 219<code>querystring.unescape()</code>.</li> 220<li><code>maxKeys</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a> Specifies the maximum number of keys to parse. 221Specify <code>0</code> to remove key counting limitations. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>1000</code>.</li> 222</ul> 223</li> 224</ul> 225<p>The <code>querystring.parse()</code> method parses a URL query string (<code>str</code>) into a 226collection of key and value pairs.</p> 227<p>For example, the query string <code>'foo=bar&abc=xyz&abc=123'</code> is parsed into:</p> 228<!-- eslint-skip --> 229<pre><code class="language-js">{ 230 <span class="hljs-attr">foo</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'bar'</span>, 231 <span class="hljs-attr">abc</span>: [<span class="hljs-string">'xyz'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'123'</span>] 232}</code></pre> 233<p>The object returned by the <code>querystring.parse()</code> method <em>does not</em> 234prototypically inherit from the JavaScript <code>Object</code>. This means that typical 235<code>Object</code> methods such as <code>obj.toString()</code>, <code>obj.hasOwnProperty()</code>, and others 236are not defined and <em>will not work</em>.</p> 237<p>By default, percent-encoded characters within the query string will be assumed 238to use UTF-8 encoding. If an alternative character encoding is used, then an 239alternative <code>decodeURIComponent</code> option will need to be specified:</p> 240<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-comment">// Assuming gbkDecodeURIComponent function already exists...</span> 241 242querystring.<span class="hljs-title function_">parse</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'w=%D6%D0%CE%C4&foo=bar'</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>, 243 { <span class="hljs-attr">decodeURIComponent</span>: gbkDecodeURIComponent });</code></pre> 244</section><section><h3><code>querystring.stringify(obj[, sep[, eq[, options]]])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#querystring_querystring_stringify_obj_sep_eq_options" id="querystring_querystring_stringify_obj_sep_eq_options">#</a></span></h3> 245<div class="api_metadata"> 246<span>Added in: v0.1.25</span> 247</div> 248<ul> 249<li><code>obj</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a> The object to serialize into a URL query string</li> 250<li><code>sep</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The substring used to delimit key and value pairs in the 251query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'&'</code>.</li> 252<li><code>eq</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a>. The substring used to delimit keys and values in the 253query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'='</code>.</li> 254<li><code>options</code> 255<ul> 256<li><code>encodeURIComponent</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type"><Function></a> The function to use when converting 257URL-unsafe characters to percent-encoding in the query string. <strong>Default:</strong> 258<code>querystring.escape()</code>.</li> 259</ul> 260</li> 261</ul> 262<p>The <code>querystring.stringify()</code> method produces a URL query string from a 263given <code>obj</code> by iterating through the object's "own properties".</p> 264<p>It serializes the following types of values passed in <code>obj</code>: 265<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/BigInt" class="type"><bigint></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string[]></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number[]></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/BigInt" class="type"><bigint[]></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean[]></a> 266The numeric values must be finite. Any other input values will be coerced to 267empty strings.</p> 268<pre><code class="language-js">querystring.<span class="hljs-title function_">stringify</span>({ <span class="hljs-attr">foo</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'bar'</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">baz</span>: [<span class="hljs-string">'qux'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'quux'</span>], <span class="hljs-attr">corge</span>: <span class="hljs-string">''</span> }); 269<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns 'foo=bar&baz=qux&baz=quux&corge='</span> 270 271querystring.<span class="hljs-title function_">stringify</span>({ <span class="hljs-attr">foo</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'bar'</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">baz</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'qux'</span> }, <span class="hljs-string">';'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">':'</span>); 272<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns 'foo:bar;baz:qux'</span></code></pre> 273<p>By default, characters requiring percent-encoding within the query string will 274be encoded as UTF-8. If an alternative encoding is required, then an alternative 275<code>encodeURIComponent</code> option will need to be specified:</p> 276<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-comment">// Assuming gbkEncodeURIComponent function already exists,</span> 277 278querystring.<span class="hljs-title function_">stringify</span>({ <span class="hljs-attr">w</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'中文'</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">foo</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'bar'</span> }, <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>, 279 { <span class="hljs-attr">encodeURIComponent</span>: gbkEncodeURIComponent });</code></pre> 280</section><section><h3><code>querystring.unescape(str)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#querystring_querystring_unescape_str" id="querystring_querystring_unescape_str">#</a></span></h3> 281<div class="api_metadata"> 282<span>Added in: v0.1.25</span> 283</div> 284<ul> 285<li><code>str</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> 286</ul> 287<p>The <code>querystring.unescape()</code> method performs decoding of URL percent-encoded 288characters on the given <code>str</code>.</p> 289<p>The <code>querystring.unescape()</code> method is used by <code>querystring.parse()</code> and is 290generally not expected to be used directly. It is exported primarily to allow 291application code to provide a replacement decoding implementation if 292necessary by assigning <code>querystring.unescape</code> to an alternative function.</p> 293<p>By default, the <code>querystring.unescape()</code> method will attempt to use the 294JavaScript built-in <code>decodeURIComponent()</code> method to decode. If that fails, 295a safer equivalent that does not throw on malformed URLs will be used.</p></section> 296 <!-- API END --> 297 </div> 298 </div> 299 </div> 300 <script> 301 'use strict'; 302 { 303 const kCustomPreference = 'customDarkTheme'; 304 const userSettings = sessionStorage.getItem(kCustomPreference); 305 const themeToggleButton = document.getElementById('theme-toggle-btn'); 306 if (userSettings === null && window.matchMedia) { 307 const mq = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'); 308 if ('onchange' in mq) { 309 function mqChangeListener(e) { 310 document.body.classList.toggle('dark-mode', e.matches); 311 } 312 mq.addEventListener('change', mqChangeListener); 313 if (themeToggleButton) { 314 themeToggleButton.addEventListener('click', function() { 315 mq.removeEventListener('change', mqChangeListener); 316 }, { once: true }); 317 } 318 } 319 if (mq.matches) { 320 document.body.classList.add('dark-mode'); 321 } 322 } else if (userSettings === 'true') { 323 document.body.classList.add('dark-mode'); 324 } 325 if (themeToggleButton) { 326 themeToggleButton.hidden = false; 327 themeToggleButton.addEventListener('click', function() { 328 sessionStorage.setItem( 329 kCustomPreference, 330 document.body.classList.toggle('dark-mode') 331 ); 332 }); 333 } 334 } 335 </script> 336</body> 337</html> 338