1A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE 2========================== 3 4Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting 5Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands 6as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's 7principal author, although it includes many contributions from others. 8 9In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for 10National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us) 11in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the 12software. 13 14In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to 15BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same 16year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations, which became 17Zope Corporation. In 2001, the Python Software Foundation (PSF, see 18https://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a non-profit organization 19created specifically to own Python-related Intellectual Property. 20Zope Corporation was a sponsoring member of the PSF. 21 22All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for 23the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python 24releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes 25the various releases. 26 27 Release Derived Year Owner GPL- 28 from compatible? (1) 29 30 0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes 31 1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes 32 1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no 33 2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no 34 1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2) 35 2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no 36 2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes 37 2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes 38 2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes 39 2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes 40 2.2 and above 2.1.1 2001-now PSF yes 41 42Footnotes: 43 44(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under 45 the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute 46 a modified version without making your changes open source. The 47 GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with 48 other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't. 49 50(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible, 51 because its license has a choice of law clause. According to 52 CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1 53 is "not incompatible" with the GPL. 54 55Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's 56direction to make these releases possible. 57 58 59B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 60=============================================================== 61 62Python software and documentation are licensed under the 63Python Software Foundation License Version 2. 64 65Starting with Python 3.8.6, examples, recipes, and other code in 66the documentation are dual licensed under the PSF License Version 2 67and the Zero-Clause BSD license. 68 69Some software incorporated into Python is under different licenses. 70The licenses are listed with code falling under that license. 71 72 73PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2 74-------------------------------------------- 75 761. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation 77("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and 78otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and 79its associated documentation. 80 812. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby 82grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, 83analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, 84distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version, 85provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright, 86i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 872011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 Python Software Foundation; 88All Rights Reserved" are retained in Python alone or in any derivative version 89prepared by Licensee. 90 913. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 92or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make 93the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 94Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 95the changes made to Python. 96 974. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 98basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 99IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND 100DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 101FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT 102INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 103 1045. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 105FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 106A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON, 107OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 108 1096. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 110breach of its terms and conditions. 111 1127. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any 113relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and 114Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF 115trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote 116products or services of Licensee, or any third party. 117 1188. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee 119agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 120Agreement. 121 122 123BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0 124------------------------------------------- 125 126BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1 127 1281. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an 129office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the 130Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using 131this software in source or binary form and its associated 132documentation ("the Software"). 133 1342. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License 135Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, 136royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform 137and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and 138otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version, 139provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the 140Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. 141 1423. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 143basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 144IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND 145DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 146FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT 147INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 148 1494. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE 150SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS 151AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY 152DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 153 1545. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 155breach of its terms and conditions. 156 1576. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all 158respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of 159law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to 160create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture 161between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant 162permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark 163sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any 164third party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at 165http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the 166permissions granted on that web page. 167 1687. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee 169agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 170Agreement. 171 172 173CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1 174--------------------------------------- 175 1761. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National 177Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, 178Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization 179("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in 180source or binary form and its associated documentation. 181 1822. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI 183hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide 184license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, 185prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 186alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's 187License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c) 1881995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights 189Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative 190version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License 191Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the 192quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and 193conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with 194Python 1.6.1 may be located on the internet using the following 195unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This 196Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the internet 197using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013". 198 1993. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 200or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make 201the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 202Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 203the changes made to Python 1.6.1. 204 2054. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 206basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 207IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND 208DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 209FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT 210INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 211 2125. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 2131.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 214A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, 215OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 216 2176. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 218breach of its terms and conditions. 219 2207. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal 221intellectual property law of the United States, including without 222limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such 223U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of 224Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions. 225Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based 226on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was 227previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the 228law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License 229Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to 230Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this 231License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of 232agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This 233License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or 234trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or 235services of Licensee, or any third party. 236 2378. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying, 238installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be 239bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement. 240 241 ACCEPT 242 243 244CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2 245-------------------------------------------------- 246 247Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, 248The Netherlands. All rights reserved. 249 250Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its 251documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, 252provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that 253both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in 254supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch 255Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to 256distribution of the software without specific, written prior 257permission. 258 259STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO 260THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND 261FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE 262FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 263WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 264ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT 265OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 266 267ZERO-CLAUSE BSD LICENSE FOR CODE IN THE PYTHON DOCUMENTATION 268---------------------------------------------------------------------- 269 270Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any 271purpose with or without fee is hereby granted. 272 273THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH 274REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY 275AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, 276INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM 277LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR 278OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR 279PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 280