syn/src/generics.rs

use super::*;
use crate::punctuated::{Iter, IterMut, Punctuated};
#[cfg(all(feature = "printing", feature = "extra-traits"))]
use std::fmt::{self, Debug};
#[cfg(all(feature = "printing", feature = "extra-traits"))]
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};

ast_struct! {
    /// Lifetimes and type parameters attached to a declaration of a function,
    /// enum, trait, etc.
    ///
    /// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or `"full"`
    /// feature.*
    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))))]
    pub struct Generics {
        pub lt_token: Option<Token![<]>,
        pub params: Punctuated<GenericParam, Token![,]>,
        pub gt_token: Option<Token![>]>,
        pub where_clause: Option<WhereClause>,
    }
}

ast_enum_of_structs! {
    /// A generic type parameter, lifetime, or const generic: `T: Into<String>`,
    /// `'a: 'b`, `const LEN: usize`.
    ///
    /// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or `"full"`
    /// feature.*
    ///
    /// # Syntax tree enum
    ///
    /// This type is a [syntax tree enum].
    ///
    /// [syntax tree enum]: Expr#syntax-tree-enums
    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))))]
    pub enum GenericParam {
        /// A generic type parameter: `T: Into<String>`.
        Type(TypeParam),

        /// A lifetime definition: `'a: 'b + 'c + 'd`.
        Lifetime(LifetimeDef),

        /// A const generic parameter: `const LENGTH: usize`.
        Const(ConstParam),
    }
}

ast_struct! {
    /// A generic type parameter: `T: Into<String>`.
    ///
    /// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or
    /// `"full"` feature.*
    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))))]
    pub struct TypeParam {
        pub attrs: Vec<Attribute>,
        pub ident: Ident,
        pub colon_token: Option<Token![:]>,
        pub bounds: Punctuated<TypeParamBound, Token![+]>,
        pub eq_token: Option<Token![=]>,
        pub default: Option<Type>,
    }
}

ast_struct! {
    /// A lifetime definition: `'a: 'b + 'c + 'd`.
    ///
    /// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or
    /// `"full"` feature.*
    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))))]
    pub struct LifetimeDef {
        pub attrs: Vec<Attribute>,
        pub lifetime: Lifetime,
        pub colon_token: Option<Token![:]>,
        pub bounds: Punctuated<Lifetime, Token![+]>,
    }
}

ast_struct! {
    /// A const generic parameter: `const LENGTH: usize`.
    ///
    /// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or
    /// `"full"` feature.*
    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))))]
    pub struct ConstParam {
        pub attrs: Vec<Attribute>,
        pub const_token: Token![const],
        pub ident: Ident,
        pub colon_token: Token![:],
        pub ty: Type,
        pub eq_token: Option<Token![=]>,
        pub default: Option<Expr>,
    }
}

impl Default for Generics {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Generics {
            lt_token: None,
            params: Punctuated::new(),
            gt_token: None,
            where_clause: None,
        }
    }
}

impl Generics {
    /// Returns an
    /// <code
    ///   style="padding-right:0;">Iterator&lt;Item = &amp;</code><a
    ///   href="struct.TypeParam.html"><code
    ///   style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;">TypeParam</code></a><code
    ///   style="padding-left:0;">&gt;</code>
    /// over the type parameters in `self.params`.
    pub fn type_params(&self) -> TypeParams {
        TypeParams(self.params.iter())
    }

    /// Returns an
    /// <code
    ///   style="padding-right:0;">Iterator&lt;Item = &amp;mut </code><a
    ///   href="struct.TypeParam.html"><code
    ///   style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;">TypeParam</code></a><code
    ///   style="padding-left:0;">&gt;</code>
    /// over the type parameters in `self.params`.
    pub fn type_params_mut(&mut self) -> TypeParamsMut {
        TypeParamsMut(self.params.iter_mut())
    }

    /// Returns an
    /// <code
    ///   style="padding-right:0;">Iterator&lt;Item = &amp;</code><a
    ///   href="struct.LifetimeDef.html"><code
    ///   style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;">LifetimeDef</code></a><code
    ///   style="padding-left:0;">&gt;</code>
    /// over the lifetime parameters in `self.params`.
    pub fn lifetimes(&self) -> Lifetimes {
        Lifetimes(self.params.iter())
    }

    /// Returns an
    /// <code
    ///   style="padding-right:0;">Iterator&lt;Item = &amp;mut </code><a
    ///   href="struct.LifetimeDef.html"><code
    ///   style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;">LifetimeDef</code></a><code
    ///   style="padding-left:0;">&gt;</code>
    /// over the lifetime parameters in `self.params`.
    pub fn lifetimes_mut(&mut self) -> LifetimesMut {
        LifetimesMut(self.params.iter_mut())
    }

    /// Returns an
    /// <code
    ///   style="padding-right:0;">Iterator&lt;Item = &amp;</code><a
    ///   href="struct.ConstParam.html"><code
    ///   style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;">ConstParam</code></a><code
    ///   style="padding-left:0;">&gt;</code>
    /// over the constant parameters in `self.params`.
    pub fn const_params(&self) -> ConstParams {
        ConstParams(self.params.iter())
    }

    /// Returns an
    /// <code
    ///   style="padding-right:0;">Iterator&lt;Item = &amp;mut </code><a
    ///   href="struct.ConstParam.html"><code
    ///   style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;">ConstParam</code></a><code
    ///   style="padding-left:0;">&gt;</code>
    /// over the constant parameters in `self.params`.
    pub fn const_params_mut(&mut self) -> ConstParamsMut {
        ConstParamsMut(self.params.iter_mut())
    }

    /// Initializes an empty `where`-clause if there is not one present already.
    pub fn make_where_clause(&mut self) -> &mut WhereClause {
        self.where_clause.get_or_insert_with(|| WhereClause {
            where_token: <Token![where]>::default(),
            predicates: Punctuated::new(),
        })
    }
}

pub struct TypeParams<'a>(Iter<'a, GenericParam>);

impl<'a> Iterator for TypeParams<'a> {
    type Item = &'a TypeParam;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        let next = match self.0.next() {
            Some(item) => item,
            None => return None,
        };
        if let GenericParam::Type(type_param) = next {
            Some(type_param)
        } else {
            self.next()
        }
    }
}

pub struct TypeParamsMut<'a>(IterMut<'a, GenericParam>);

impl<'a> Iterator for TypeParamsMut<'a> {
    type Item = &'a mut TypeParam;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        let next = match self.0.next() {
            Some(item) => item,
            None => return None,
        };
        if let GenericParam::Type(type_param) = next {
            Some(type_param)
        } else {
            self.next()
        }
    }
}

pub struct Lifetimes<'a>(Iter<'a, GenericParam>);

impl<'a> Iterator for Lifetimes<'a> {
    type Item = &'a LifetimeDef;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        let next = match self.0.next() {
            Some(item) => item,
            None => return None,
        };
        if let GenericParam::Lifetime(lifetime) = next {
            Some(lifetime)
        } else {
            self.next()
        }
    }
}

pub struct LifetimesMut<'a>(IterMut<'a, GenericParam>);

impl<'a> Iterator for LifetimesMut<'a> {
    type Item = &'a mut LifetimeDef;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        let next = match self.0.next() {
            Some(item) => item,
            None => return None,
        };
        if let GenericParam::Lifetime(lifetime) = next {
            Some(lifetime)
        } else {
            self.next()
        }
    }
}

pub struct ConstParams<'a>(Iter<'a, GenericParam>);

impl<'a> Iterator for ConstParams<'a> {
    type Item = &'a ConstParam;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        let next = match self.0.next() {
            Some(item) => item,
            None => return None,
        };
        if let GenericParam::Const(const_param) = next {
            Some(const_param)
        } else {
            self.next()
        }
    }
}

pub struct ConstParamsMut<'a>(IterMut<'a, GenericParam>);

impl<'a> Iterator for ConstParamsMut<'a> {
    type Item = &'a mut ConstParam;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        let next = match self.0.next() {
            Some(item) => item,
            None => return None,
        };
        if let GenericParam::Const(const_param) = next {
            Some(const_param)
        } else {
            self.next()
        }
    }
}

/// Returned by `Generics::split_for_impl`.
///
/// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or `"full"`
/// feature and the `"printing"` feature.*
#[cfg(feature = "printing")]
#[cfg_attr(
    doc_cfg,
    doc(cfg(all(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"), feature = "printing")))
)]
pub struct ImplGenerics<'a>(&'a Generics);

/// Returned by `Generics::split_for_impl`.
///
/// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or `"full"`
/// feature and the `"printing"` feature.*
#[cfg(feature = "printing")]
#[cfg_attr(
    doc_cfg,
    doc(cfg(all(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"), feature = "printing")))
)]
pub struct TypeGenerics<'a>(&'a Generics);

/// Returned by `TypeGenerics::as_turbofish`.
///
/// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or `"full"`
/// feature and the `"printing"` feature.*
#[cfg(feature = "printing")]
#[cfg_attr(
    doc_cfg,
    doc(cfg(all(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"), feature = "printing")))
)]
pub struct Turbofish<'a>(&'a Generics);

#[cfg(feature = "printing")]
impl Generics {
    /// Split a type's generics into the pieces required for impl'ing a trait
    /// for that type.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use proc_macro2::{Span, Ident};
    /// # use quote::quote;
    /// #
    /// # let generics: syn::Generics = Default::default();
    /// # let name = Ident::new("MyType", Span::call_site());
    /// #
    /// let (impl_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = generics.split_for_impl();
    /// quote! {
    ///     impl #impl_generics MyTrait for #name #ty_generics #where_clause {
    ///         // ...
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// # ;
    /// ```
    ///
    /// *This method is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or
    /// `"full"` feature and the `"printing"` feature.*
    #[cfg_attr(
        doc_cfg,
        doc(cfg(all(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"), feature = "printing")))
    )]
    pub fn split_for_impl(&self) -> (ImplGenerics, TypeGenerics, Option<&WhereClause>) {
        (
            ImplGenerics(self),
            TypeGenerics(self),
            self.where_clause.as_ref(),
        )
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "printing")]
macro_rules! generics_wrapper_impls {
    ($ty:ident) => {
        #[cfg(feature = "clone-impls")]
        #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "clone-impls")))]
        impl<'a> Clone for $ty<'a> {
            fn clone(&self) -> Self {
                $ty(self.0)
            }
        }

        #[cfg(feature = "extra-traits")]
        #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "extra-traits")))]
        impl<'a> Debug for $ty<'a> {
            fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
                formatter
                    .debug_tuple(stringify!($ty))
                    .field(self.0)
                    .finish()
            }
        }

        #[cfg(feature = "extra-traits")]
        #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "extra-traits")))]
        impl<'a> Eq for $ty<'a> {}

        #[cfg(feature = "extra-traits")]
        #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "extra-traits")))]
        impl<'a> PartialEq for $ty<'a> {
            fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
                self.0 == other.0
            }
        }

        #[cfg(feature = "extra-traits")]
        #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "extra-traits")))]
        impl<'a> Hash for $ty<'a> {
            fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
                self.0.hash(state);
            }
        }
    };
}

#[cfg(feature = "printing")]
generics_wrapper_impls!(ImplGenerics);
#[cfg(feature = "printing")]
generics_wrapper_impls!(TypeGenerics);
#[cfg(feature = "printing")]
generics_wrapper_impls!(Turbofish);

#[cfg(feature = "printing")]
impl<'a> TypeGenerics<'a> {
    /// Turn a type's generics like `<X, Y>` into a turbofish like `::<X, Y>`.
    ///
    /// *This method is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or
    /// `"full"` feature and the `"printing"` feature.*
    pub fn as_turbofish(&self) -> Turbofish {
        Turbofish(self.0)
    }
}

ast_struct! {
    /// A set of bound lifetimes: `for<'a, 'b, 'c>`.
    ///
    /// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or `"full"`
    /// feature.*
    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))))]
    pub struct BoundLifetimes {
        pub for_token: Token![for],
        pub lt_token: Token![<],
        pub lifetimes: Punctuated<LifetimeDef, Token![,]>,
        pub gt_token: Token![>],
    }
}

impl Default for BoundLifetimes {
    fn default() -> Self {
        BoundLifetimes {
            for_token: Default::default(),
            lt_token: Default::default(),
            lifetimes: Punctuated::new(),
            gt_token: Default::default(),
        }
    }
}

impl LifetimeDef {
    pub fn new(lifetime: Lifetime) -> Self {
        LifetimeDef {
            attrs: Vec::new(),
            lifetime,
            colon_token: None,
            bounds: Punctuated::new(),
        }
    }
}

impl From<Ident> for TypeParam {
    fn from(ident: Ident) -> Self {
        TypeParam {
            attrs: vec![],
            ident,
            colon_token: None,
            bounds: Punctuated::new(),
            eq_token: None,
            default: None,
        }
    }
}

ast_enum_of_structs! {
    /// A trait or lifetime used as a bound on a type parameter.
    ///
    /// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or `"full"`
    /// feature.*
    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))))]
    pub enum TypeParamBound {
        Trait(TraitBound),
        Lifetime(Lifetime),
    }
}

ast_struct! {
    /// A trait used as a bound on a type parameter.
    ///
    /// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or `"full"`
    /// feature.*
    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))))]
    pub struct TraitBound {
        pub paren_token: Option<token::Paren>,
        pub modifier: TraitBoundModifier,
        /// The `for<'a>` in `for<'a> Foo<&'a T>`
        pub lifetimes: Option<BoundLifetimes>,
        /// The `Foo<&'a T>` in `for<'a> Foo<&'a T>`
        pub path: Path,
    }
}

ast_enum! {
    /// A modifier on a trait bound, currently only used for the `?` in
    /// `?Sized`.
    ///
    /// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or `"full"`
    /// feature.*
    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))))]
    pub enum TraitBoundModifier {
        None,
        Maybe(Token![?]),
    }
}

ast_struct! {
    /// A `where` clause in a definition: `where T: Deserialize<'de>, D:
    /// 'static`.
    ///
    /// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or `"full"`
    /// feature.*
    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))))]
    pub struct WhereClause {
        pub where_token: Token![where],
        pub predicates: Punctuated<WherePredicate, Token![,]>,
    }
}

ast_enum_of_structs! {
    /// A single predicate in a `where` clause: `T: Deserialize<'de>`.
    ///
    /// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or `"full"`
    /// feature.*
    ///
    /// # Syntax tree enum
    ///
    /// This type is a [syntax tree enum].
    ///
    /// [syntax tree enum]: Expr#syntax-tree-enums
    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))))]
    pub enum WherePredicate {
        /// A type predicate in a `where` clause: `for<'c> Foo<'c>: Trait<'c>`.
        Type(PredicateType),

        /// A lifetime predicate in a `where` clause: `'a: 'b + 'c`.
        Lifetime(PredicateLifetime),

        /// An equality predicate in a `where` clause (unsupported).
        Eq(PredicateEq),
    }
}

ast_struct! {
    /// A type predicate in a `where` clause: `for<'c> Foo<'c>: Trait<'c>`.
    ///
    /// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or
    /// `"full"` feature.*
    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))))]
    pub struct PredicateType {
        /// Any lifetimes from a `for` binding
        pub lifetimes: Option<BoundLifetimes>,
        /// The type being bounded
        pub bounded_ty: Type,
        pub colon_token: Token![:],
        /// Trait and lifetime bounds (`Clone+Send+'static`)
        pub bounds: Punctuated<TypeParamBound, Token![+]>,
    }
}

ast_struct! {
    /// A lifetime predicate in a `where` clause: `'a: 'b + 'c`.
    ///
    /// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or
    /// `"full"` feature.*
    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))))]
    pub struct PredicateLifetime {
        pub lifetime: Lifetime,
        pub colon_token: Token![:],
        pub bounds: Punctuated<Lifetime, Token![+]>,
    }
}

ast_struct! {
    /// An equality predicate in a `where` clause (unsupported).
    ///
    /// *This type is available only if Syn is built with the `"derive"` or
    /// `"full"` feature.*
    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))))]
    pub struct PredicateEq {
        pub lhs_ty: Type,
        pub eq_token: Token![=],
        pub rhs_ty: Type,
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "parsing")]
pub mod parsing {
    use super::*;
    use crate::ext::IdentExt;
    use crate::parse::{Parse, ParseStream, Result};

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "parsing")))]
    impl Parse for Generics {
        fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> Result<Self> {
            if !input.peek(Token![<]) {
                return Ok(Generics::default());
            }

            let lt_token: Token![<] = input.parse()?;

            let mut params = Punctuated::new();
            loop {
                if input.peek(Token![>]) {
                    break;
                }

                let attrs = input.call(Attribute::parse_outer)?;
                let lookahead = input.lookahead1();
                if lookahead.peek(Lifetime) {
                    params.push_value(GenericParam::Lifetime(LifetimeDef {
                        attrs,
                        ..input.parse()?
                    }));
                } else if lookahead.peek(Ident) {
                    params.push_value(GenericParam::Type(TypeParam {
                        attrs,
                        ..input.parse()?
                    }));
                } else if lookahead.peek(Token![const]) {
                    params.push_value(GenericParam::Const(ConstParam {
                        attrs,
                        ..input.parse()?
                    }));
                } else if input.peek(Token![_]) {
                    params.push_value(GenericParam::Type(TypeParam {
                        attrs,
                        ident: input.call(Ident::parse_any)?,
                        colon_token: None,
                        bounds: Punctuated::new(),
                        eq_token: None,
                        default: None,
                    }));
                } else {
                    return Err(lookahead.error());
                }

                if input.peek(Token![>]) {
                    break;
                }
                let punct = input.parse()?;
                params.push_punct(punct);
            }

            let gt_token: Token![>] = input.parse()?;

            Ok(Generics {
                lt_token: Some(lt_token),
                params,
                gt_token: Some(gt_token),
                where_clause: None,
            })
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "parsing")))]
    impl Parse for GenericParam {
        fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> Result<Self> {
            let attrs = input.call(Attribute::parse_outer)?;

            let lookahead = input.lookahead1();
            if lookahead.peek(Ident) {
                Ok(GenericParam::Type(TypeParam {
                    attrs,
                    ..input.parse()?
                }))
            } else if lookahead.peek(Lifetime) {
                Ok(GenericParam::Lifetime(LifetimeDef {
                    attrs,
                    ..input.parse()?
                }))
            } else if lookahead.peek(Token![const]) {
                Ok(GenericParam::Const(ConstParam {
                    attrs,
                    ..input.parse()?
                }))
            } else {
                Err(lookahead.error())
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "parsing")))]
    impl Parse for LifetimeDef {
        fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> Result<Self> {
            let has_colon;
            Ok(LifetimeDef {
                attrs: input.call(Attribute::parse_outer)?,
                lifetime: input.parse()?,
                colon_token: {
                    if input.peek(Token![:]) {
                        has_colon = true;
                        Some(input.parse()?)
                    } else {
                        has_colon = false;
                        None
                    }
                },
                bounds: {
                    let mut bounds = Punctuated::new();
                    if has_colon {
                        loop {
                            if input.peek(Token![,]) || input.peek(Token![>]) {
                                break;
                            }
                            let value = input.parse()?;
                            bounds.push_value(value);
                            if !input.peek(Token![+]) {
                                break;
                            }
                            let punct = input.parse()?;
                            bounds.push_punct(punct);
                        }
                    }
                    bounds
                },
            })
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "parsing")))]
    impl Parse for BoundLifetimes {
        fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> Result<Self> {
            Ok(BoundLifetimes {
                for_token: input.parse()?,
                lt_token: input.parse()?,
                lifetimes: {
                    let mut lifetimes = Punctuated::new();
                    while !input.peek(Token![>]) {
                        lifetimes.push_value(input.parse()?);
                        if input.peek(Token![>]) {
                            break;
                        }
                        lifetimes.push_punct(input.parse()?);
                    }
                    lifetimes
                },
                gt_token: input.parse()?,
            })
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "parsing")))]
    impl Parse for Option<BoundLifetimes> {
        fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> Result<Self> {
            if input.peek(Token![for]) {
                input.parse().map(Some)
            } else {
                Ok(None)
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "parsing")))]
    impl Parse for TypeParam {
        fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> Result<Self> {
            let attrs = input.call(Attribute::parse_outer)?;
            let ident: Ident = input.parse()?;
            let colon_token: Option<Token![:]> = input.parse()?;

            let begin_bound = input.fork();
            let mut is_maybe_const = false;
            let mut bounds = Punctuated::new();
            if colon_token.is_some() {
                loop {
                    if input.peek(Token![,]) || input.peek(Token![>]) || input.peek(Token![=]) {
                        break;
                    }
                    if input.peek(Token![~]) && input.peek2(Token![const]) {
                        input.parse::<Token![~]>()?;
                        input.parse::<Token![const]>()?;
                        is_maybe_const = true;
                    }
                    let value: TypeParamBound = input.parse()?;
                    bounds.push_value(value);
                    if !input.peek(Token![+]) {
                        break;
                    }
                    let punct: Token![+] = input.parse()?;
                    bounds.push_punct(punct);
                }
            }

            let mut eq_token: Option<Token![=]> = input.parse()?;
            let mut default = if eq_token.is_some() {
                Some(input.parse::<Type>()?)
            } else {
                None
            };

            if is_maybe_const {
                bounds.clear();
                eq_token = None;
                default = Some(Type::Verbatim(verbatim::between(begin_bound, input)));
            }

            Ok(TypeParam {
                attrs,
                ident,
                colon_token,
                bounds,
                eq_token,
                default,
            })
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "parsing")))]
    impl Parse for TypeParamBound {
        fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> Result<Self> {
            if input.peek(Lifetime) {
                return input.parse().map(TypeParamBound::Lifetime);
            }

            if input.peek(token::Paren) {
                let content;
                let paren_token = parenthesized!(content in input);
                let mut bound: TraitBound = content.parse()?;
                bound.paren_token = Some(paren_token);
                return Ok(TypeParamBound::Trait(bound));
            }

            input.parse().map(TypeParamBound::Trait)
        }
    }

    impl TypeParamBound {
        pub(crate) fn parse_multiple(
            input: ParseStream,
            allow_plus: bool,
        ) -> Result<Punctuated<Self, Token![+]>> {
            let mut bounds = Punctuated::new();
            loop {
                bounds.push_value(input.parse()?);
                if !(allow_plus && input.peek(Token![+])) {
                    break;
                }
                bounds.push_punct(input.parse()?);
                if !(input.peek(Ident::peek_any)
                    || input.peek(Token![::])
                    || input.peek(Token![?])
                    || input.peek(Lifetime)
                    || input.peek(token::Paren))
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
            Ok(bounds)
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "parsing")))]
    impl Parse for TraitBound {
        fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> Result<Self> {
            #[cfg(feature = "full")]
            let tilde_const = if input.peek(Token![~]) && input.peek2(Token![const]) {
                let tilde_token = input.parse::<Token![~]>()?;
                let const_token = input.parse::<Token![const]>()?;
                Some((tilde_token, const_token))
            } else {
                None
            };

            let modifier: TraitBoundModifier = input.parse()?;
            let lifetimes: Option<BoundLifetimes> = input.parse()?;

            let mut path: Path = input.parse()?;
            if path.segments.last().unwrap().arguments.is_empty()
                && (input.peek(token::Paren) || input.peek(Token![::]) && input.peek3(token::Paren))
            {
                input.parse::<Option<Token![::]>>()?;
                let args: ParenthesizedGenericArguments = input.parse()?;
                let parenthesized = PathArguments::Parenthesized(args);
                path.segments.last_mut().unwrap().arguments = parenthesized;
            }

            #[cfg(feature = "full")]
            {
                if let Some((tilde_token, const_token)) = tilde_const {
                    path.segments.insert(
                        0,
                        PathSegment {
                            ident: Ident::new("const", const_token.span),
                            arguments: PathArguments::None,
                        },
                    );
                    let (_const, punct) = path.segments.pairs_mut().next().unwrap().into_tuple();
                    *punct.unwrap() = Token![::](tilde_token.span);
                }
            }

            Ok(TraitBound {
                paren_token: None,
                modifier,
                lifetimes,
                path,
            })
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "parsing")))]
    impl Parse for TraitBoundModifier {
        fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> Result<Self> {
            if input.peek(Token![?]) {
                input.parse().map(TraitBoundModifier::Maybe)
            } else {
                Ok(TraitBoundModifier::None)
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "parsing")))]
    impl Parse for ConstParam {
        fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> Result<Self> {
            let mut default = None;
            Ok(ConstParam {
                attrs: input.call(Attribute::parse_outer)?,
                const_token: input.parse()?,
                ident: input.parse()?,
                colon_token: input.parse()?,
                ty: input.parse()?,
                eq_token: {
                    if input.peek(Token![=]) {
                        let eq_token = input.parse()?;
                        default = Some(path::parsing::const_argument(input)?);
                        Some(eq_token)
                    } else {
                        None
                    }
                },
                default,
            })
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "parsing")))]
    impl Parse for WhereClause {
        fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> Result<Self> {
            Ok(WhereClause {
                where_token: input.parse()?,
                predicates: {
                    let mut predicates = Punctuated::new();
                    loop {
                        if input.is_empty()
                            || input.peek(token::Brace)
                            || input.peek(Token![,])
                            || input.peek(Token![;])
                            || input.peek(Token![:]) && !input.peek(Token![::])
                            || input.peek(Token![=])
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                        let value = input.parse()?;
                        predicates.push_value(value);
                        if !input.peek(Token![,]) {
                            break;
                        }
                        let punct = input.parse()?;
                        predicates.push_punct(punct);
                    }
                    predicates
                },
            })
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "parsing")))]
    impl Parse for Option<WhereClause> {
        fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> Result<Self> {
            if input.peek(Token![where]) {
                input.parse().map(Some)
            } else {
                Ok(None)
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "parsing")))]
    impl Parse for WherePredicate {
        fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> Result<Self> {
            if input.peek(Lifetime) && input.peek2(Token![:]) {
                Ok(WherePredicate::Lifetime(PredicateLifetime {
                    lifetime: input.parse()?,
                    colon_token: input.parse()?,
                    bounds: {
                        let mut bounds = Punctuated::new();
                        loop {
                            if input.is_empty()
                                || input.peek(token::Brace)
                                || input.peek(Token![,])
                                || input.peek(Token![;])
                                || input.peek(Token![:])
                                || input.peek(Token![=])
                            {
                                break;
                            }
                            let value = input.parse()?;
                            bounds.push_value(value);
                            if !input.peek(Token![+]) {
                                break;
                            }
                            let punct = input.parse()?;
                            bounds.push_punct(punct);
                        }
                        bounds
                    },
                }))
            } else {
                Ok(WherePredicate::Type(PredicateType {
                    lifetimes: input.parse()?,
                    bounded_ty: input.parse()?,
                    colon_token: input.parse()?,
                    bounds: {
                        let mut bounds = Punctuated::new();
                        loop {
                            if input.is_empty()
                                || input.peek(token::Brace)
                                || input.peek(Token![,])
                                || input.peek(Token![;])
                                || input.peek(Token![:]) && !input.peek(Token![::])
                                || input.peek(Token![=])
                            {
                                break;
                            }
                            let value = input.parse()?;
                            bounds.push_value(value);
                            if !input.peek(Token![+]) {
                                break;
                            }
                            let punct = input.parse()?;
                            bounds.push_punct(punct);
                        }
                        bounds
                    },
                }))
            }
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "printing")]
mod printing {
    use super::*;
    use crate::attr::FilterAttrs;
    use crate::print::TokensOrDefault;
    #[cfg(feature = "full")]
    use crate::punctuated::Pair;
    use proc_macro2::TokenStream;
    #[cfg(feature = "full")]
    use proc_macro2::TokenTree;
    use quote::{ToTokens, TokenStreamExt};

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "printing")))]
    impl ToTokens for Generics {
        fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
            if self.params.is_empty() {
                return;
            }

            TokensOrDefault(&self.lt_token).to_tokens(tokens);

            // Print lifetimes before types and consts, regardless of their
            // order in self.params.
            //
            // TODO: ordering rules for const parameters vs type parameters have
            // not been settled yet. https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/44580
            let mut trailing_or_empty = true;
            for param in self.params.pairs() {
                if let GenericParam::Lifetime(_) = **param.value() {
                    param.to_tokens(tokens);
                    trailing_or_empty = param.punct().is_some();
                }
            }
            for param in self.params.pairs() {
                match **param.value() {
                    GenericParam::Type(_) | GenericParam::Const(_) => {
                        if !trailing_or_empty {
                            <Token![,]>::default().to_tokens(tokens);
                            trailing_or_empty = true;
                        }
                        param.to_tokens(tokens);
                    }
                    GenericParam::Lifetime(_) => {}
                }
            }

            TokensOrDefault(&self.gt_token).to_tokens(tokens);
        }
    }

    impl<'a> ToTokens for ImplGenerics<'a> {
        fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
            if self.0.params.is_empty() {
                return;
            }

            TokensOrDefault(&self.0.lt_token).to_tokens(tokens);

            // Print lifetimes before types and consts, regardless of their
            // order in self.params.
            //
            // TODO: ordering rules for const parameters vs type parameters have
            // not been settled yet. https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/44580
            let mut trailing_or_empty = true;
            for param in self.0.params.pairs() {
                if let GenericParam::Lifetime(_) = **param.value() {
                    param.to_tokens(tokens);
                    trailing_or_empty = param.punct().is_some();
                }
            }
            for param in self.0.params.pairs() {
                if let GenericParam::Lifetime(_) = **param.value() {
                    continue;
                }
                if !trailing_or_empty {
                    <Token![,]>::default().to_tokens(tokens);
                    trailing_or_empty = true;
                }
                match *param.value() {
                    GenericParam::Lifetime(_) => unreachable!(),
                    GenericParam::Type(param) => {
                        // Leave off the type parameter defaults
                        tokens.append_all(param.attrs.outer());
                        param.ident.to_tokens(tokens);
                        if !param.bounds.is_empty() {
                            TokensOrDefault(&param.colon_token).to_tokens(tokens);
                            param.bounds.to_tokens(tokens);
                        }
                    }
                    GenericParam::Const(param) => {
                        // Leave off the const parameter defaults
                        tokens.append_all(param.attrs.outer());
                        param.const_token.to_tokens(tokens);
                        param.ident.to_tokens(tokens);
                        param.colon_token.to_tokens(tokens);
                        param.ty.to_tokens(tokens);
                    }
                }
                param.punct().to_tokens(tokens);
            }

            TokensOrDefault(&self.0.gt_token).to_tokens(tokens);
        }
    }

    impl<'a> ToTokens for TypeGenerics<'a> {
        fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
            if self.0.params.is_empty() {
                return;
            }

            TokensOrDefault(&self.0.lt_token).to_tokens(tokens);

            // Print lifetimes before types and consts, regardless of their
            // order in self.params.
            //
            // TODO: ordering rules for const parameters vs type parameters have
            // not been settled yet. https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/44580
            let mut trailing_or_empty = true;
            for param in self.0.params.pairs() {
                if let GenericParam::Lifetime(def) = *param.value() {
                    // Leave off the lifetime bounds and attributes
                    def.lifetime.to_tokens(tokens);
                    param.punct().to_tokens(tokens);
                    trailing_or_empty = param.punct().is_some();
                }
            }
            for param in self.0.params.pairs() {
                if let GenericParam::Lifetime(_) = **param.value() {
                    continue;
                }
                if !trailing_or_empty {
                    <Token![,]>::default().to_tokens(tokens);
                    trailing_or_empty = true;
                }
                match *param.value() {
                    GenericParam::Lifetime(_) => unreachable!(),
                    GenericParam::Type(param) => {
                        // Leave off the type parameter defaults
                        param.ident.to_tokens(tokens);
                    }
                    GenericParam::Const(param) => {
                        // Leave off the const parameter defaults
                        param.ident.to_tokens(tokens);
                    }
                }
                param.punct().to_tokens(tokens);
            }

            TokensOrDefault(&self.0.gt_token).to_tokens(tokens);
        }
    }

    impl<'a> ToTokens for Turbofish<'a> {
        fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
            if !self.0.params.is_empty() {
                <Token![::]>::default().to_tokens(tokens);
                TypeGenerics(self.0).to_tokens(tokens);
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "printing")))]
    impl ToTokens for BoundLifetimes {
        fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
            self.for_token.to_tokens(tokens);
            self.lt_token.to_tokens(tokens);
            self.lifetimes.to_tokens(tokens);
            self.gt_token.to_tokens(tokens);
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "printing")))]
    impl ToTokens for LifetimeDef {
        fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
            tokens.append_all(self.attrs.outer());
            self.lifetime.to_tokens(tokens);
            if !self.bounds.is_empty() {
                TokensOrDefault(&self.colon_token).to_tokens(tokens);
                self.bounds.to_tokens(tokens);
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "printing")))]
    impl ToTokens for TypeParam {
        fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
            tokens.append_all(self.attrs.outer());
            self.ident.to_tokens(tokens);
            if !self.bounds.is_empty() {
                TokensOrDefault(&self.colon_token).to_tokens(tokens);
                self.bounds.to_tokens(tokens);
            }
            if let Some(default) = &self.default {
                #[cfg(feature = "full")]
                {
                    if self.eq_token.is_none() {
                        if let Type::Verbatim(default) = default {
                            let mut iter = default.clone().into_iter().peekable();
                            while let Some(token) = iter.next() {
                                if let TokenTree::Punct(q) = token {
                                    if q.as_char() == '~' {
                                        if let Some(TokenTree::Ident(c)) = iter.peek() {
                                            if c == "const" {
                                                if self.bounds.is_empty() {
                                                    TokensOrDefault(&self.colon_token)
                                                        .to_tokens(tokens);
                                                }
                                                return default.to_tokens(tokens);
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                TokensOrDefault(&self.eq_token).to_tokens(tokens);
                default.to_tokens(tokens);
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "printing")))]
    impl ToTokens for TraitBound {
        fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
            let to_tokens = |tokens: &mut TokenStream| {
                #[cfg(feature = "full")]
                let skip = match self.path.segments.pairs().next() {
                    Some(Pair::Punctuated(t, p)) if t.ident == "const" => {
                        Token![~](p.spans[0]).to_tokens(tokens);
                        t.to_tokens(tokens);
                        1
                    }
                    _ => 0,
                };
                self.modifier.to_tokens(tokens);
                self.lifetimes.to_tokens(tokens);
                #[cfg(feature = "full")]
                {
                    self.path.leading_colon.to_tokens(tokens);
                    tokens.append_all(self.path.segments.pairs().skip(skip));
                }
                #[cfg(not(feature = "full"))]
                {
                    self.path.to_tokens(tokens);
                }
            };
            match &self.paren_token {
                Some(paren) => paren.surround(tokens, to_tokens),
                None => to_tokens(tokens),
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "printing")))]
    impl ToTokens for TraitBoundModifier {
        fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
            match self {
                TraitBoundModifier::None => {}
                TraitBoundModifier::Maybe(t) => t.to_tokens(tokens),
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "printing")))]
    impl ToTokens for ConstParam {
        fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
            tokens.append_all(self.attrs.outer());
            self.const_token.to_tokens(tokens);
            self.ident.to_tokens(tokens);
            self.colon_token.to_tokens(tokens);
            self.ty.to_tokens(tokens);
            if let Some(default) = &self.default {
                TokensOrDefault(&self.eq_token).to_tokens(tokens);
                default.to_tokens(tokens);
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "printing")))]
    impl ToTokens for WhereClause {
        fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
            if !self.predicates.is_empty() {
                self.where_token.to_tokens(tokens);
                self.predicates.to_tokens(tokens);
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "printing")))]
    impl ToTokens for PredicateType {
        fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
            self.lifetimes.to_tokens(tokens);
            self.bounded_ty.to_tokens(tokens);
            self.colon_token.to_tokens(tokens);
            self.bounds.to_tokens(tokens);
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "printing")))]
    impl ToTokens for PredicateLifetime {
        fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
            self.lifetime.to_tokens(tokens);
            self.colon_token.to_tokens(tokens);
            self.bounds.to_tokens(tokens);
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(doc_cfg, doc(cfg(feature = "printing")))]
    impl ToTokens for PredicateEq {
        fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
            self.lhs_ty.to_tokens(tokens);
            self.eq_token.to_tokens(tokens);
            self.rhs_ty.to_tokens(tokens);
        }
    }
}