1 /*
2 * QR Code generator demo (C++)
3 *
4 * Run this command-line program with no arguments. The program computes a bunch of demonstration
5 * QR Codes and prints them to the console. Also, the SVG code for one QR Code is printed as a sample.
6 *
7 * Copyright (c) Project Nayuki. (MIT License)
8 * https://www.nayuki.io/page/qr-code-generator-library
9 *
10 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
11 * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
12 * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
13 * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
14 * the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
15 * subject to the following conditions:
16 * - The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
17 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
18 * - The Software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express or
19 * implied, including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability,
20 * fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement. In no event shall the
21 * authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim, damages or other
22 * liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from,
23 * out of or in connection with the Software or the use or other dealings in the
24 * Software.
25 */
26
27 #include <climits>
28 #include <cstdint>
29 #include <cstdlib>
30 #include <cstring>
31 #include <iostream>
32 #include <sstream>
33 #include <string>
34 #include <vector>
35 #include "qrcodegen.hpp"
36
37 using std::uint8_t;
38 using qrcodegen::QrCode;
39 using qrcodegen::QrSegment;
40
41
42 // Function prototypes
43 static void doBasicDemo();
44 static void doVarietyDemo();
45 static void doSegmentDemo();
46 static void doMaskDemo();
47 static std::string toSvgString(const QrCode &qr, int border);
48 static void printQr(const QrCode &qr);
49
50
51 // The main application program.
main()52 int main() {
53 doBasicDemo();
54 doVarietyDemo();
55 doSegmentDemo();
56 doMaskDemo();
57 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
58 }
59
60
61
62 /*---- Demo suite ----*/
63
64 // Creates a single QR Code, then prints it to the console.
doBasicDemo()65 static void doBasicDemo() {
66 const char *text = "Hello, world!"; // User-supplied text
67 const QrCode::Ecc errCorLvl = QrCode::Ecc::LOW; // Error correction level
68
69 // Make and print the QR Code symbol
70 const QrCode qr = QrCode::encodeText(text, errCorLvl);
71 printQr(qr);
72 std::cout << toSvgString(qr, 4) << std::endl;
73 }
74
75
76 // Creates a variety of QR Codes that exercise different features of the library, and prints each one to the console.
doVarietyDemo()77 static void doVarietyDemo() {
78 // Numeric mode encoding (3.33 bits per digit)
79 const QrCode qr0 = QrCode::encodeText("314159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510", QrCode::Ecc::MEDIUM);
80 printQr(qr0);
81
82 // Alphanumeric mode encoding (5.5 bits per character)
83 const QrCode qr1 = QrCode::encodeText("DOLLAR-AMOUNT:$39.87 PERCENTAGE:100.00% OPERATIONS:+-*/", QrCode::Ecc::HIGH);
84 printQr(qr1);
85
86 // Unicode text as UTF-8
87 const QrCode qr2 = QrCode::encodeText("\xE3\x81\x93\xE3\x82\x93\xE3\x81\xAB\xE3\x81\xA1wa\xE3\x80\x81"
88 "\xE4\xB8\x96\xE7\x95\x8C\xEF\xBC\x81\x20\xCE\xB1\xCE\xB2\xCE\xB3\xCE\xB4", QrCode::Ecc::QUARTILE);
89 printQr(qr2);
90
91 // Moderately large QR Code using longer text (from Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland)
92 const QrCode qr3 = QrCode::encodeText(
93 "Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, "
94 "and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, "
95 "but it had no pictures or conversations in it, 'and what is the use of a book,' thought Alice "
96 "'without pictures or conversations?' So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, "
97 "for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a "
98 "daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly "
99 "a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.", QrCode::Ecc::HIGH);
100 printQr(qr3);
101 }
102
103
104 // Creates QR Codes with manually specified segments for better compactness.
doSegmentDemo()105 static void doSegmentDemo() {
106 // Illustration "silver"
107 const char *silver0 = "THE SQUARE ROOT OF 2 IS 1.";
108 const char *silver1 = "41421356237309504880168872420969807856967187537694807317667973799";
109 const QrCode qr0 = QrCode::encodeText(
110 (std::string(silver0) + silver1).c_str(),
111 QrCode::Ecc::LOW);
112 printQr(qr0);
113
114 const QrCode qr1 = QrCode::encodeSegments(
115 {QrSegment::makeAlphanumeric(silver0), QrSegment::makeNumeric(silver1)},
116 QrCode::Ecc::LOW);
117 printQr(qr1);
118
119 // Illustration "golden"
120 const char *golden0 = "Golden ratio \xCF\x86 = 1.";
121 const char *golden1 = "6180339887498948482045868343656381177203091798057628621354486227052604628189024497072072041893911374";
122 const char *golden2 = "......";
123 const QrCode qr2 = QrCode::encodeText(
124 (std::string(golden0) + golden1 + golden2).c_str(),
125 QrCode::Ecc::LOW);
126 printQr(qr2);
127
128 std::vector<uint8_t> bytes(golden0, golden0 + std::strlen(golden0));
129 const QrCode qr3 = QrCode::encodeSegments(
130 {QrSegment::makeBytes(bytes), QrSegment::makeNumeric(golden1), QrSegment::makeAlphanumeric(golden2)},
131 QrCode::Ecc::LOW);
132 printQr(qr3);
133
134 // Illustration "Madoka": kanji, kana, Cyrillic, full-width Latin, Greek characters
135 const char *madoka = // Encoded in UTF-8
136 "\xE3\x80\x8C\xE9\xAD\x94\xE6\xB3\x95\xE5"
137 "\xB0\x91\xE5\xA5\xB3\xE3\x81\xBE\xE3\x81"
138 "\xA9\xE3\x81\x8B\xE2\x98\x86\xE3\x83\x9E"
139 "\xE3\x82\xAE\xE3\x82\xAB\xE3\x80\x8D\xE3"
140 "\x81\xA3\xE3\x81\xA6\xE3\x80\x81\xE3\x80"
141 "\x80\xD0\x98\xD0\x90\xD0\x98\xE3\x80\x80"
142 "\xEF\xBD\x84\xEF\xBD\x85\xEF\xBD\x93\xEF"
143 "\xBD\x95\xE3\x80\x80\xCE\xBA\xCE\xB1\xEF"
144 "\xBC\x9F";
145 const QrCode qr4 = QrCode::encodeText(madoka, QrCode::Ecc::LOW);
146 printQr(qr4);
147
148 const std::vector<int> kanjiChars{ // Kanji mode encoding (13 bits per character)
149 0x0035, 0x1002, 0x0FC0, 0x0AED, 0x0AD7,
150 0x015C, 0x0147, 0x0129, 0x0059, 0x01BD,
151 0x018D, 0x018A, 0x0036, 0x0141, 0x0144,
152 0x0001, 0x0000, 0x0249, 0x0240, 0x0249,
153 0x0000, 0x0104, 0x0105, 0x0113, 0x0115,
154 0x0000, 0x0208, 0x01FF, 0x0008,
155 };
156 qrcodegen::BitBuffer bb;
157 for (int c : kanjiChars)
158 bb.appendBits(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(c), 13);
159 const QrCode qr5 = QrCode::encodeSegments(
160 {QrSegment(QrSegment::Mode::KANJI, static_cast<int>(kanjiChars.size()), bb)},
161 QrCode::Ecc::LOW);
162 printQr(qr5);
163 }
164
165
166 // Creates QR Codes with the same size and contents but different mask patterns.
doMaskDemo()167 static void doMaskDemo() {
168 // Project Nayuki URL
169 std::vector<QrSegment> segs0 = QrSegment::makeSegments("https://www.nayuki.io/");
170 printQr(QrCode::encodeSegments(segs0, QrCode::Ecc::HIGH, QrCode::MIN_VERSION, QrCode::MAX_VERSION, -1, true)); // Automatic mask
171 printQr(QrCode::encodeSegments(segs0, QrCode::Ecc::HIGH, QrCode::MIN_VERSION, QrCode::MAX_VERSION, 3, true)); // Force mask 3
172
173 // Chinese text as UTF-8
174 std::vector<QrSegment> segs1 = QrSegment::makeSegments(
175 "\xE7\xB6\xAD\xE5\x9F\xBA\xE7\x99\xBE\xE7\xA7\x91\xEF\xBC\x88\x57\x69\x6B\x69\x70"
176 "\x65\x64\x69\x61\xEF\xBC\x8C\xE8\x81\x86\xE8\x81\xBD\x69\x2F\xCB\x8C\x77\xC9\xAA"
177 "\x6B\xE1\xB5\xBB\xCB\x88\x70\x69\xCB\x90\x64\x69\x2E\xC9\x99\x2F\xEF\xBC\x89\xE6"
178 "\x98\xAF\xE4\xB8\x80\xE5\x80\x8B\xE8\x87\xAA\xE7\x94\xB1\xE5\x85\xA7\xE5\xAE\xB9"
179 "\xE3\x80\x81\xE5\x85\xAC\xE9\x96\x8B\xE7\xB7\xA8\xE8\xBC\xAF\xE4\xB8\x94\xE5\xA4"
180 "\x9A\xE8\xAA\x9E\xE8\xA8\x80\xE7\x9A\x84\xE7\xB6\xB2\xE8\xB7\xAF\xE7\x99\xBE\xE7"
181 "\xA7\x91\xE5\x85\xA8\xE6\x9B\xB8\xE5\x8D\x94\xE4\xBD\x9C\xE8\xA8\x88\xE7\x95\xAB");
182 printQr(QrCode::encodeSegments(segs1, QrCode::Ecc::MEDIUM, QrCode::MIN_VERSION, QrCode::MAX_VERSION, 0, true)); // Force mask 0
183 printQr(QrCode::encodeSegments(segs1, QrCode::Ecc::MEDIUM, QrCode::MIN_VERSION, QrCode::MAX_VERSION, 1, true)); // Force mask 1
184 printQr(QrCode::encodeSegments(segs1, QrCode::Ecc::MEDIUM, QrCode::MIN_VERSION, QrCode::MAX_VERSION, 5, true)); // Force mask 5
185 printQr(QrCode::encodeSegments(segs1, QrCode::Ecc::MEDIUM, QrCode::MIN_VERSION, QrCode::MAX_VERSION, 7, true)); // Force mask 7
186 }
187
188
189
190 /*---- Utilities ----*/
191
192 // Returns a string of SVG code for an image depicting the given QR Code, with the given number
193 // of border modules. The string always uses Unix newlines (\n), regardless of the platform.
toSvgString(const QrCode & qr,int border)194 static std::string toSvgString(const QrCode &qr, int border) {
195 if (border < 0)
196 throw std::domain_error("Border must be non-negative");
197 if (border > INT_MAX / 2 || border * 2 > INT_MAX - qr.getSize())
198 throw std::overflow_error("Border too large");
199
200 std::ostringstream sb;
201 sb << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
202 sb << "<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd\">\n";
203 sb << "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 ";
204 sb << (qr.getSize() + border * 2) << " " << (qr.getSize() + border * 2) << "\" stroke=\"none\">\n";
205 sb << "\t<rect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#FFFFFF\"/>\n";
206 sb << "\t<path d=\"";
207 for (int y = 0; y < qr.getSize(); y++) {
208 for (int x = 0; x < qr.getSize(); x++) {
209 if (qr.getModule(x, y)) {
210 if (x != 0 || y != 0)
211 sb << " ";
212 sb << "M" << (x + border) << "," << (y + border) << "h1v1h-1z";
213 }
214 }
215 }
216 sb << "\" fill=\"#000000\"/>\n";
217 sb << "</svg>\n";
218 return sb.str();
219 }
220
221
222 // Prints the given QrCode object to the console.
printQr(const QrCode & qr)223 static void printQr(const QrCode &qr) {
224 int border = 4;
225 for (int y = -border; y < qr.getSize() + border; y++) {
226 for (int x = -border; x < qr.getSize() + border; x++) {
227 std::cout << (qr.getModule(x, y) ? "##" : " ");
228 }
229 std::cout << std::endl;
230 }
231 std::cout << std::endl;
232 }
233