1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
3 * All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 * are met:
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
13 * distribution.
14 *
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26 */
27
28 #include <sys/param.h>
29 #ifdef MAKEFS
30 /* In the makefs case we only want struct disklabel */
31 #include <sys/disk/bsd.h>
32 #elif defined(__linux__)
33 #include <linux/fs.h>
34 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
35 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
36 #else
37 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
38 #include <sys/disk.h>
39 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
40 #include <sys/mount.h>
41 #endif
42 #include <sys/stat.h>
43 // #include <sys/sysctl.h>
44 #include <sys/time.h>
45
46 #include <assert.h>
47 #include <ctype.h>
48 #include <err.h>
49 #include <errno.h>
50 #include <fcntl.h>
51 #include <inttypes.h>
52 #include <paths.h>
53 #include <signal.h>
54 #include <stdio.h>
55 #include <stdlib.h>
56 #include <string.h>
57 #include <time.h>
58 #include <unistd.h>
59
60 #include "mkfs_msdos.h"
61
62 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
63 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
64 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
65
66 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
67 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
68 #define MAXBPS 4096 /* maximum bytes per sector */
69 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
70 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
71 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
72 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
73 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
74 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
75 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
76 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
77 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
78 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
79 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
80 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
81
82 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
83 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
84 MINCLS32)
85
86 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
87 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
88 MAXCLS32)
89
90 #define mk1(p, x) \
91 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x)
92
93 #define mk2(p, x) \
94 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
95 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
96
97 #define mk4(p, x) \
98 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
99 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
100 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
101 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
102
103 struct bs {
104 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
105 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */
106 }/* __packed */;
107
108 struct bsbpb {
109 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */
110 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
111 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */
112 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
113 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */
114 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */
115 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
116 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
117 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */
118 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */
119 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */
120 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */
121 }/* __packed */;
122
123 struct bsxbpb {
124 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
125 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */
126 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */
127 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
128 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */
129 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */
130 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */
131 }/* __packed */;
132
133 struct bsx {
134 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */
135 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */
136 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */
137 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */
138 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */
139 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */
140 }/* __packed */;
141
142 struct de {
143 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */
144 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */
145 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
146 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */
147 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */
148 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */
149 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */
150 }/* __packed */;
151
152 struct bpb {
153 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */
154 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
155 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */
156 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
157 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */
158 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */
159 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
160 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */
161 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */
162 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */
163 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */
164 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */
165 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */
166 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */
167 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */
168 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */
169 };
170
171 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
172
173 static struct {
174 const char *name;
175 struct bpb bpb;
176 } const stdfmt[] = {
177 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}},
178 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}},
179 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
180 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
181 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
182 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
183 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
184 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
185 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
186 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
187 };
188
189 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
190 0xfa, /* cli */
191 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
192 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
193 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
194 0xfb, /* sti */
195 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
196 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
197 0x5e, /* pop si */
198 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
199 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
200 0xfc, /* cld */
201 0xac, /* lodsb */
202 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
203 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
204 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
205 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
206 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
207 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
208 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
209 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
210 0x0d, 0x0a,
211 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
212 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
213 0x0d, 0x0a,
214 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
215 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
216 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
217 0x0d, 0x0a,
218 0
219 };
220
221 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo;
222 static void infohandler(int);
223
224 static ssize_t getchunksize(void);
225 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
226 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *);
227 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
228 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
229 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
230 static int oklabel(const char *);
231 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
232
233 int
mkfs_msdos(const char * fname,const char * dtype,const struct msdos_options * op)234 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op)
235 {
236 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
237 struct sigaction si_sa;
238 struct stat sb;
239 struct timeval tv;
240 struct bpb bpb;
241 struct tm *tm;
242 struct bs *bs;
243 struct bsbpb *bsbpb;
244 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
245 struct bsx *bsx;
246 struct de *de;
247 u_int8_t *img;
248 u_int8_t *physbuf, *physbuf_end;
249 const char *bname;
250 ssize_t n;
251 time_t now;
252 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
253 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0;
254 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc;
255 int fd, fd1, rv;
256 struct msdos_options o = *op;
257 ssize_t chunksize;
258
259 physbuf = NULL;
260 rv = -1;
261 fd = fd1 = -1;
262
263 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) {
264 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster");
265 goto done;
266 }
267 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) {
268 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string);
269 goto done;
270 }
271 if (o.create_size) {
272 if (o.no_create) {
273 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
274 goto done;
275 }
276 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
277 if (fd == -1) {
278 warnx("failed to create %s", fname);
279 goto done;
280 }
281 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) {
282 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size);
283 goto done;
284 }
285 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) {
286 warn("%s", fname);
287 goto done;
288 }
289 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) {
290 warn("%s", fname);
291 goto done;
292 }
293 if (o.create_size) {
294 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
295 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
296 } else {
297 #ifdef MAKEFS
298 errx(1, "o.create_size must be set!");
299 #else
300 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
301 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
302 #endif
303 }
304 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
305 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset);
306 goto done;
307 }
308 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
309 if (o.floppy) {
310 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1)
311 goto done;
312 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors;
313 bpb.bpbSectors = 0;
314 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs;
315 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0;
316 }
317 if (o.drive_heads)
318 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads;
319 if (o.sectors_per_track)
320 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track;
321 if (o.bytes_per_sector)
322 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector;
323 if (o.size)
324 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size;
325 if (o.hidden_sectors_set)
326 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors;
327 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track &&
328 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) {
329 if (getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb) == -1)
330 goto done;
331 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
332 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */
333 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
334 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1;
335 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
336 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8;
337 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
338 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16;
339 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
340 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32;
341 else
342 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
343 }
344 }
345 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS ||
346 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec > MAXBPS ||
347 !powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) {
348 warnx("Invalid bytes/sector (%u): must be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096",
349 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
350 goto done;
351 }
352
353 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) {
354 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label);
355 goto done;
356 }
357 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) {
358 if (o.floppy)
359 fat = 12;
360 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))
361 fat = 32;
362 }
363 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) {
364 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
365 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k',
366 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
367 goto done;
368 }
369 if (o.floppy && fat == 32)
370 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0;
371 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) {
372 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat);
373 goto done;
374 }
375
376 if (o.block_size) {
377 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) {
378 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size);
379 goto done;
380 }
381 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
382 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
383 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
384 goto done;
385 }
386 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) {
387 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
388 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC);
389 goto done;
390 }
391 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
392 }
393 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) {
394 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) {
395 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2",
396 o.sectors_per_cluster);
397 goto done;
398 }
399 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster;
400 }
401 if (o.reserved_sectors)
402 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors;
403 if (o.num_FAT) {
404 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) {
405 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
406 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT);
407 goto done;
408 }
409 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT;
410 }
411 if (o.directory_entries)
412 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries;
413 if (o.media_descriptor_set) {
414 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) {
415 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor);
416 goto done;
417 }
418 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor;
419 }
420 if (o.sectors_per_fat)
421 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat;
422 if (o.info_sector)
423 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector;
424 if (o.backup_sector)
425 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector;
426 bss = 1;
427 bname = NULL;
428 fd1 = -1;
429 if (o.bootstrap) {
430 bname = o.bootstrap;
431 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
432 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
433 bname = buf;
434 }
435 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) {
436 warn("%s", bname);
437 goto done;
438 }
439 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
440 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
441 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) {
442 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
443 goto done;
444 }
445 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
446 }
447 if (!bpb.bpbFATs)
448 bpb.bpbFATs = 2;
449 if (!fat) {
450 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
451 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
452 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN,
453 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
454 bpb.bpbFATs +
455 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE,
456 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
457 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
458 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
459 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
460 fat = 12;
461 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors <
462 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
463 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) *
464 bpb.bpbFATs +
465 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
466 (MAXCLS16 + 1) *
467 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
468 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
469 fat = 16;
470 else
471 fat = 32;
472 }
473 x = bss;
474 if (fat == 32) {
475 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
476 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) {
477 warnx("no room for info sector");
478 goto done;
479 }
480 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x;
481 }
482 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo)
483 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1;
484 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) {
485 if (x == MAXU16) {
486 warnx("no room for backup sector");
487 goto done;
488 }
489 bpb.bpbBackup = x;
490 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
491 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector");
492 goto done;
493 }
494 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup)
495 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1;
496 }
497
498 extra_res = 0;
499 alignment = 0;
500 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0);
501 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0);
502 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0);
503 saved_x = x;
504
505 /*
506 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set.
507 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can
508 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment.
509 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved
510 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another
511 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will
512 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment.
513 */
514 do {
515 x = saved_x;
516 if (set_res)
517 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ?
518 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res;
519 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) {
520 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x,
521 bpb.bpbResSectors);
522 goto done;
523 }
524 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts)
525 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE;
526 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts,
527 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de));
528 if (set_spc) {
529 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 :
530 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
531 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors +
532 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
533 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs +
534 rds +
535 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <=
536 bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
537 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1)
538 continue;
539
540 }
541 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) {
542 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
543 goto done;
544 }
545 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds;
546 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1;
547 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) {
548 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size");
549 goto done;
550 }
551 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs;
552 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB /
553 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB +
554 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs);
555 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
556 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB);
557 if (set_spf) {
558 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0)
559 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2;
560 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs;
561 }
562 if (set_res) {
563 /* attempt to align root directory */
564 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) %
565 bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
566 if (o.align)
567 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment;
568 }
569 attempts++;
570 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2);
571 if (o.align && alignment != 0)
572 warnx("warning: Alignment failed.");
573
574 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
575 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) -
576 RESFTE;
577 if (cls > x)
578 cls = x;
579 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2)
580 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
581 cls);
582 if (cls < mincls(fat)) {
583 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
584 mincls(fat));
585 goto done;
586 }
587 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
588 cls = maxcls(fat);
589 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1;
590 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
591 bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
592 }
593 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
594 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust,
595 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
596 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
597 if (!bpb.bpbMedia)
598 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
599 if (fat == 32)
600 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE;
601 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) {
602 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
603 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0;
604 }
605 if (fat != 32) {
606 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs;
607 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0;
608 }
609 print_bpb(&bpb);
610 if (!o.no_create) {
611 if (o.timestamp_set) {
612 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp;
613 tv.tv_usec = 0;
614 tm = gmtime(&now);
615 } else {
616 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
617 now = tv.tv_sec;
618 tm = localtime(&now);
619 }
620
621 chunksize = getchunksize();
622 physbuf = malloc(chunksize);
623 if (physbuf == NULL) {
624 warn(NULL);
625 goto done;
626 }
627 physbuf_end = physbuf + chunksize;
628 img = physbuf;
629
630 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
631 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs;
632 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa));
633 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler;
634 #ifdef SIGINFO
635 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) {
636 warn("sigaction SIGINFO");
637 goto done;
638 }
639 #endif
640 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) {
641 if (got_siginfo) {
642 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n",
643 fname, lsn,
644 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)),
645 (lsn * 100) / (dir +
646 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)));
647 got_siginfo = 0;
648 }
649 x = lsn;
650 if (o.bootstrap &&
651 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
652 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) {
653 x -= bpb.bpbBackup;
654 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
655 warn("%s", bname);
656 goto done;
657 }
658 }
659 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) {
660 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
661 warn("%s", bname);
662 goto done;
663 }
664 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
665 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
666 goto done;
667 }
668 } else
669 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
670 if (!lsn ||
671 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
672 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) {
673 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
674 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
675 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
676 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
677 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors);
678 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs);
679 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts);
680 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors);
681 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia);
682 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs);
683 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
684 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads);
685 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs);
686 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
687 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
688 if (fat == 32) {
689 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
690 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs);
691 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0);
692 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0);
693 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust);
694 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo);
695 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup);
696 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
697 }
698 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
699 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29);
700 if (o.volume_id_set)
701 x = o.volume_id;
702 else
703 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
704 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
705 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
706 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
707 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
708 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
709 (u_int)tm->tm_min));
710 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x);
711 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME");
712 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat);
713 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType));
714 if (!o.bootstrap) {
715 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
716 bs = (struct bs *)img;
717 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb);
718 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2);
719 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90);
720 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ",
721 sizeof(bs->bsOemName));
722 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
723 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
724 }
725 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 &&
726 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo ||
727 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
728 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) {
729 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
730 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
731 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
732 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff);
733 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
734 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir &&
735 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) %
736 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
737 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) {
738 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia);
739 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
740 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
741 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) {
742 de = (struct de *)img;
743 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label);
744 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050);
745 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
746 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
747 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
748 mk2(de->deMTime, x);
749 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
750 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
751 (u_int)tm->tm_mday;
752 mk2(de->deMDate, x);
753 }
754 /*
755 * Issue a write of chunksize once we have collected
756 * enough sectors.
757 */
758 img += bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
759 if (img >= physbuf_end) {
760 n = write(fd, physbuf, chunksize);
761 if (n != chunksize) {
762 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
763 goto done;
764 }
765 img = physbuf;
766 }
767 }
768 /*
769 * Write remaining sectors, if the last write didn't end
770 * up filling a whole chunk.
771 */
772 if (img != physbuf) {
773 ssize_t tailsize = img - physbuf;
774
775 n = write(fd, physbuf, tailsize);
776 if (n != tailsize) {
777 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
778 goto done;
779 }
780 }
781 }
782 rv = 0;
783 done:
784 free(physbuf);
785 if (fd != -1)
786 close(fd);
787 if (fd1 != -1)
788 close(fd1);
789
790 return rv;
791 }
792
793 /*
794 * Get optimal I/O size
795 */
796 static ssize_t
getchunksize(void)797 getchunksize(void)
798 {
799 static int chunksize;
800
801 if (chunksize != 0)
802 return ((ssize_t)chunksize);
803
804 #ifdef KERN_MAXPHYS
805 int mib[2];
806 size_t len;
807
808 mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
809 mib[1] = KERN_MAXPHYS;
810 len = sizeof(chunksize);
811
812 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &chunksize, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
813 warn("sysctl: KERN_MAXPHYS, using %zu", (size_t)MAXPHYS);
814 chunksize = 0;
815 }
816 #endif
817 if (chunksize == 0)
818 chunksize = MAXPHYS;
819
820 /*
821 * For better performance, we want to write larger chunks instead of
822 * individual sectors (the size can only be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096
823 * bytes). Assert that chunksize can always hold an integer number of
824 * sectors by asserting that both are power of two numbers and the
825 * chunksize is greater than MAXBPS.
826 */
827 static_assert(powerof2(MAXBPS), "MAXBPS is not power of 2");
828 assert(powerof2(chunksize));
829 assert(chunksize > MAXBPS);
830
831 return ((ssize_t)chunksize);
832 }
833
834 /*
835 * Get a standard format.
836 */
837 static int
getstdfmt(const char * fmt,struct bpb * bpb)838 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
839 {
840 u_int x, i;
841
842 x = nitems(stdfmt);
843 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
844 if (i == x) {
845 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
846 return -1;
847 }
848 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
849 return 0;
850 }
851
852 static void
compute_geometry_from_file(int fd,const char * fname,struct disklabel * lp)853 compute_geometry_from_file(int fd, const char *fname, struct disklabel *lp)
854 {
855 struct stat st;
856 off_t ms;
857
858 if (fstat(fd, &st))
859 err(1, "cannot get disk size");
860 if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
861 errx(1, "%s is not a regular file", fname);
862 ms = st.st_size;
863 lp->d_secsize = 512;
864 lp->d_nsectors = 63;
865 lp->d_ntracks = 255;
866 lp->d_secperunit = ms / lp->d_secsize;
867 }
868
869 /*
870 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
871 */
872 #if defined(__linux__)
873 static int
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)874 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, int oflag,
875 struct bpb *bpb)
876 {
877 if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) == -1) {
878 err(1, "ioctl(BLKSSZGET) for bytes/sector failed");
879 }
880
881 if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, "bytes/sector") == -1) return -1;
882
883 u_int64_t device_size;
884 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE64, &device_size) == -1) {
885 err(1, "ioctl(BLKGETSIZE64) failed");
886 }
887
888 u_int64_t sectors = device_size/bpb->bpbBytesPerSec;
889 if (sectors > UINT_MAX) {
890 err(1, "too many sectors: %"PRIu64" (%"PRId64" byte device, %u bytes/sector)",
891 sectors, device_size, bpb->bpbBytesPerSec);
892 }
893 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = sectors;
894
895 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = 63;
896 if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, "sectors/track") == -1) return -1;
897
898 bpb->bpbHeads = 64;
899 if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbHeads, "drive heads") == -1) return -1;
900 return 0;
901 }
902 #else
903 static int
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)904 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, /* __unused */ int oflag,
905 struct bpb *bpb)
906 {
907 struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
908 off_t hs = 0;
909 #ifndef MAKEFS
910 off_t ms;
911 struct fd_type type;
912
913 lp = NULL;
914
915 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
916 if (dtype != NULL) {
917 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
918 }
919
920 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
921 if (lp == NULL) {
922 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
923 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
924 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp);
925 lp = &dlp;
926 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
927 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
928 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
929 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
930 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
931 lp = &dlp;
932 }
933 }
934
935 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
936 if (lp == NULL) {
937 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)
938 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec;
939 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE,
940 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
941 err(1, "cannot get sector size");
942
943 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
944
945 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS,
946 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
947 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track");
948 dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
949 }
950 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 &&
951 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
952 warn("cannot get number of heads");
953 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
954 dlp.d_ntracks = 1;
955 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
956 dlp.d_ntracks = 16;
957 else
958 dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
959 }
960
961 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
962 lp = &dlp;
963 }
964 #else
965 /* In the makefs case we only support image files: */
966 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp);
967 lp = &dlp;
968 #endif
969
970 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) {
971 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1)
972 return -1;
973 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize;
974 }
975 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) {
976 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1)
977 return -1;
978 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors;
979 }
980 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) {
981 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1)
982 return -1;
983 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks;
984 }
985 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0)
986 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit;
987 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0)
988 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs;
989 return 0;
990 }
991 #endif
992 /*
993 * Print out BPB values.
994 */
995 static void
print_bpb(struct bpb * bpb)996 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
997 {
998 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u",
999 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors,
1000 bpb->bpbFATs);
1001 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts)
1002 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts);
1003 if (bpb->bpbSectors)
1004 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors);
1005 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia);
1006 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs)
1007 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs);
1008 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack,
1009 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs);
1010 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors)
1011 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors);
1012 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) {
1013 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs,
1014 bpb->bpbRootClust);
1015 printf(" FSInfo=");
1016 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo);
1017 printf(" Backup=");
1018 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup);
1019 }
1020 printf("\n");
1021 }
1022
1023 /*
1024 * Check a disk geometry value.
1025 */
1026 static int
ckgeom(const char * fname,u_int val,const char * msg)1027 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
1028 {
1029 if (!val) {
1030 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
1031 return -1;
1032 }
1033 if (val > MAXU16) {
1034 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
1035 return -1;
1036 }
1037 return 0;
1038 }
1039
1040 /*
1041 * Check a volume label.
1042 */
1043 static int
oklabel(const char * src)1044 oklabel(const char *src)
1045 {
1046 int c, i;
1047
1048 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
1049 c = (u_char)*src++;
1050 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
1051 break;
1052 }
1053 return i && !c;
1054 }
1055
1056 /*
1057 * Make a volume label.
1058 */
1059 static void
mklabel(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src)1060 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
1061 {
1062 int c, i;
1063
1064 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
1065 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
1066 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
1067 }
1068 }
1069
1070 /*
1071 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
1072 */
1073 static void
setstr(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src,size_t len)1074 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
1075 {
1076 while (len--)
1077 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
1078 }
1079
1080 static void
infohandler(int sig)1081 infohandler(int sig /* __unused */)
1082 {
1083
1084 got_siginfo = 1;
1085 }
1086