xref: /docs/en/application-dev/reference/apis-arkts/js-apis-taskpool.md

# @ohos.taskpool (Starting the Task Pool)

The task pool provides a multi-thread running environment for applications. It helps reduce resource consumption and improve system performance. It also frees you from caring about the lifecycle of thread instances. You can use the **TaskPool** APIs to create background tasks and perform operations on them, for example, executing or canceling a task. Theoretically, you can create an unlimited number of tasks, but this is not recommended for memory considerations. In addition, you are not advised performing blocking operations in a task, especially indefinite blocking. Long-time blocking operations occupy worker threads and may block other task scheduling, adversely affecting your application performance.

You can determine the execution sequence of tasks with the same priority. They are executed in the same sequence as you call the task execution APIs. The default task priority is **MEDIUM**.

If the number of tasks to be executed is greater than the number of worker threads in the task pool, the task pool scales out based on load balancing to minimize the waiting duration. Similarly, when the number of tasks to be executed falls below the number of worker threads, the task pool scales in to reduce the number of worker threads.

The **TaskPool** APIs return error codes in numeric format. For details about the error codes, see [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

For details about the precautions for using **TaskPool**, see [Precautions for TaskPool](../../arkts-utils/taskpool-introduction.md#precautions-for-taskpool).

The following concepts are used in this topic:
- Task group task: task in a [TaskGroup](#taskgroup10).
- Serial queue task: task in a [SequenceRunner](#sequencerunner-11).
- Asynchronous queue task: task in an [AsyncRunner](#asyncrunner18).
- Periodic task: task executed by calling [executePeriodically](#taskpoolexecuteperiodically12).

> **NOTE**
>
> The initial APIs of this module are supported since API version 9. Newly added APIs will be marked with a superscript to indicate their earliest API version.

## Modules to Import

```ts
import { taskpool } from '@kit.ArkTS';
```
## taskpool.execute

execute(func: Function, ...args: Object[]): Promise\<Object>

Places a function to be executed in the internal queue of the task pool. The function is not executed immediately. It waits to be distributed to the worker thread for execution. In this mode, the function cannot be canceled.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type     | Mandatory| Description                                                                  |
| ------ | --------- | ---- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| func   | Function  | Yes  | Function to be executed. The function must be decorated using [@Concurrent](../../arkts-utils/taskpool-introduction.md#concurrent-decorator). For details about the supported return value types of the function, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types).    |
| args   | Object[] | No  | Arguments of the function. For details about the supported parameter types, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types). The default value is **undefined**.|

**Return value**

| Type             | Description                                |
| ----------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| Promise\<Object>  | Promise used to return an object that carries the function execution result.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                     |
| -------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200006 | An exception occurred during serialization.  |
| 10200014 | The function is not marked as concurrent.      |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): number {
    console.info("printArgs: " + args);
    return args;
}

taskpool.execute(printArgs, 100).then((value: Object) => { // 100: test number
  console.info("taskpool result: " + value);
});
```


## taskpool.execute<sup>13+</sup>

execute<A extends Array\<Object>, R>(func: (...args: A) => R | Promise\<R>, ...args: A): Promise\<R>

Verifies the passed-in parameter types and return value type of a concurrent function, and places the function to execute in the internal queue of the task pool.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 13.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type     | Mandatory| Description                                                                  |
| ------ | --------- | ---- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| func   | (...args: A) => R \| Promise\<R>  | Yes  | Function to be executed. The function must be decorated using [@Concurrent](../../arkts-utils/taskpool-introduction.md#concurrent-decorator). For details about the supported return value types of the function, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types).    |
| args   | A | No  | Arguments of the function. For details about the supported parameter types, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types). The default value is **undefined**.|

**Return value**

| Type             | Description                                |
| ----------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| Promise\<R>  | Promise used to return an object that carries the function execution result.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                     |
| -------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1.Incorrect parameter types; 2.Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200006 | An exception occurred during serialization.  |
| 10200014 | The function is not marked as concurrent.      |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): number {
    console.info("printArgs: " + args);
    return args;
}

@Concurrent
function testWithThreeParams(a: number, b: string, c: number): string {
  return b;
}

@Concurrent
function testWithArray(args: [number, string]): string {
  return "success";
}

taskpool.execute<[number], number>(printArgs, 100).then((value: number) => { // 100: test number
  console.info("taskpool result: " + value);
});

taskpool.execute<[number, string, number], string>(testWithThreeParams, 100, "test", 100).then((value: string) => {})

taskpool.execute<[[number, string]], string>(testWithArray, [100, "test"]).then((value: string) => {})
```


## taskpool.execute

execute(task: Task, priority?: Priority): Promise\<Object>

Places a task in the internal queue of the task pool. The task is not executed immediately. It waits to be distributed to the worker thread for execution. In this mode, you can set the task priority and call **cancel()** to cancel the task. The task cannot be a task in a task group, serial queue, or asynchronous queue. This API can be called only once for a continuous task, but multiple times for a non-continuous task.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name  | Type                 | Mandatory| Description                                      |
| -------- | --------------------- | ---- | ---------------------------------------- |
| task     | [Task](#task)         | Yes  | Task to be executed.                 |
| priority | [Priority](#priority) | No  | Priority of the task. The default value is **taskpool.Priority.MEDIUM**.|

**Return value**

| Type             | Description             |
| ----------------  | ---------------- |
| Promise\<Object> | Promise used to return an object that carries the function execution result.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                    |
| -------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200006 | An exception occurred during serialization. |
| 10200014 | The function is not marked as concurrent.     |
| 10200051 | The periodic task cannot be executed again. |
| 10200057 | The task cannot be executed by two APIs.  |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): number {
    console.info("printArgs: " + args);
    return args;
}

let task1: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, 100); // 100: test number
let task2: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, 200); // 200: test number
let task3: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, 300); // 300: test number
taskpool.execute(task1, taskpool.Priority.LOW).then((value: Object) => {
  console.info("taskpool result1: " + value);
});
taskpool.execute(task2, taskpool.Priority.MEDIUM).then((value: Object) => {
  console.info("taskpool result2: " + value);
});
taskpool.execute(task3, taskpool.Priority.HIGH).then((value: Object) => {
  console.info("taskpool result3: " + value);
});
```


## taskpool.execute<sup>13+</sup>

execute<A extends Array\<Object>, R>(task: GenericsTask<A, R>, priority?: Priority): Promise\<R>

Verifies the passed-in parameter types and return value type of a concurrent function, and places the generic task in the internal queue of the task pool.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 13.

**Parameters**

| Name  | Type                 | Mandatory| Description                                      |
| -------- | --------------------- | ---- | ---------------------------------------- |
| task     | [GenericsTask](#genericstask13)         | Yes  | Generic task to be executed.                 |
| priority | [Priority](#priority) | No  | Priority of the task. The default value is **taskpool.Priority.MEDIUM**.|

**Return value**

| Type             | Description             |
| ----------------  | ---------------- |
| Promise\<R> | Promise used to return an object that carries the function execution result.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                    |
| -------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1.Incorrect parameter types; 2.Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200006 | An exception occurred during serialization. |
| 10200014 | The function is not marked as concurrent.     |
| 10200051 | The periodic task cannot be executed again. |
| 10200057 | The task cannot be executed by two APIs.  |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): number {
    console.info("printArgs: " + args);
    return args;
}

let task1: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.GenericsTask<[number], number>(printArgs, 100); // 100: test number
let task2: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.GenericsTask<[number], number>(printArgs, 200); // 200: test number
let task3: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.GenericsTask<[number], number>(printArgs, 300); // 300: test number
taskpool.execute<[number], number>(task1, taskpool.Priority.LOW).then((value: number) => {
  console.info("taskpool result1: " + value);
});
taskpool.execute<[number], number>(task2, taskpool.Priority.MEDIUM).then((value: number) => {
  console.info("taskpool result2: " + value);
});
taskpool.execute<[number], number>(task3, taskpool.Priority.HIGH).then((value: number) => {
  console.info("taskpool result3: " + value);
});
```


## taskpool.execute<sup>10+</sup>

execute(group: TaskGroup, priority?: Priority): Promise<Object[]>

Places a task group in the internal queue of the task pool. The tasks in the task group are not executed immediately. They wait to be distributed to the worker thread for execution. After all tasks in the task group are executed, a result array is returned. This API applies when you want to execute a group of associated tasks.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name    | Type                       | Mandatory| Description                                                          |
| --------- | --------------------------- | ---- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
| group     | [TaskGroup](#taskgroup10)     | Yes  | Task group to be executed.                                     |
| priority  | [Priority](#priority)       | No  | Priority of the task group. The default value is **taskpool.Priority.MEDIUM**.|

**Return value**

| Type                | Description                              |
| ----------------    | ---------------------------------- |
| Promise\<Object[]>  | Promise used to return an object array that carries the function execution result.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                    |
| -------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200006 | An exception occurred during serialization. |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): number {
    console.info("printArgs: " + args);
    return args;
}

let taskGroup1: taskpool.TaskGroup = new taskpool.TaskGroup();
taskGroup1.addTask(printArgs, 10); // 10: test number
taskGroup1.addTask(printArgs, 20); // 20: test number
taskGroup1.addTask(printArgs, 30); // 30: test number

let taskGroup2: taskpool.TaskGroup = new taskpool.TaskGroup();
let task1: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, 100); // 100: test number
let task2: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, 200); // 200: test number
let task3: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, 300); // 300: test number
taskGroup2.addTask(task1);
taskGroup2.addTask(task2);
taskGroup2.addTask(task3);
taskpool.execute(taskGroup1).then((res: Array<Object>) => {
  console.info("taskpool execute res is:" + res);
});
taskpool.execute(taskGroup2).then((res: Array<Object>) => {
  console.info("taskpool execute res is:" + res);
});
```

## taskpool.executeDelayed<sup>11+</sup>

executeDelayed(delayTime: number, task: Task, priority?: Priority): Promise\<Object>

Executes a task after a given delay. In this mode, you can set the task priority and call **cancel()** to cancel the task. The task cannot be a task in a task group, serial queue, or asynchronous queue, or a periodic task. This API can be called only once for a continuous task, but multiple times for a non-continuous task.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name      | Type         | Mandatory| Description                |
| ----------- | ------------- | ---- | -------------------- |
| delayTime   | number        | Yes  | Delay, in ms. |
| task        | [Task](#task) | Yes  | Task to be executed with a delay.|
| priority    | [Priority](#priority)       | No  | Priority of the task. The default value is **taskpool.Priority.MEDIUM**.|

**Return value**

| Type                | Description                              |
| ----------------    | ---------------------------------- |
| Promise\<Object>  | Promise used to return an object that carries the function execution result.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID  | Error Message                        |
| --------- | -------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200006 | An exception occurred during serialization. |
| 10200014 | The function is not marked as concurrent. |
| 10200028 | The delayTime is less than zero. |
| 10200051 | The periodic task cannot be executed again. |
| 10200057 | The task cannot be executed by two APIs.  |

**Example**

```ts
// import BusinessError
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'

@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): void {
    console.info("printArgs: " + args);
}

let t: number = Date.now();
console.info("taskpool start time is: " + t);
let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, 100); // 100: test number
taskpool.executeDelayed(1000, task).then(() => { // 1000:delayTime is 1000ms
  console.info("taskpool execute success");
}).catch((e: BusinessError) => {
  console.error(`taskpool execute: Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
})
```


## taskpool.executeDelayed<sup>13+</sup>

executeDelayed<A extends Array\<Object>, R>(delayTime: number, task: GenericsTask\<A, R>, priority?: Priority): Promise\<R>

Verifies the passed-in parameter types and return value type of a concurrent function, and executes the generic task with a delay.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 13.

**Parameters**

| Name      | Type         | Mandatory| Description                |
| ----------- | ------------- | ---- | -------------------- |
| delayTime   | number        | Yes  | Delay, in ms. |
| task        | [GenericsTask](#genericstask13) | Yes  | Generic task to be executed with a delay.|
| priority    | [Priority](#priority)       | No  | Priority of the task. The default value is **taskpool.Priority.MEDIUM**.|

**Return value**

| Type                | Description                              |
| ----------------    | ---------------------------------- |
| Promise\<R>  | Promise used to return an object that carries the function execution result.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID  | Error Message                        |
| --------- | -------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1.Incorrect parameter types; 2.Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200028 | The delayTime is less than zero. |
| 10200051 | The periodic task cannot be executed again. |
| 10200057 | The task cannot be executed by two APIs.  |

**Example**

```ts
// import BusinessError
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'

@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): string {
    console.info("printArgs: " + args);
    return "success";
}

let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.GenericsTask<[number], string>(printArgs, 100); // 100: test number
taskpool.executeDelayed<[number], string>(1000, task).then((res: string) => { // 1000:delayTime is 1000ms
  console.info("taskpool execute success");
}).catch((e: BusinessError) => {
  console.error(`taskpool execute: Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
})
```


## taskpool.executePeriodically<sup>12+</sup>

executePeriodically(period: number, task: Task, priority?: Priority): void

Executes a task periodically.

In this execution mode, you can set the task priority and call **cancel()** to cancel the execution.

A periodic task cannot be a task in a task group, serial queue, or asynchronous queue. It cannot call **execute()** again or have a dependency relationship.


**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 12.

**Parameters**

| Name      | Type         | Mandatory | Description                |
| -----------  | ------------- | ----- | -------------------- |
| period       | number        | Yes   | Execution period, in ms. |
| task         | [Task](#task) | Yes   | Task to be executed.|
| priority     | [Priority](#priority) | No  | Priority of the task. The default value is **taskpool.Priority.MEDIUM**.|


**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID  | Error Message                        |
| ---------- | -------------------------------- |
| 401        | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200006   | An exception occurred during serialization. |
| 10200014   | The function is not marked as concurrent. |
| 10200028   | The period is less than zero. |
| 10200050   | The concurrent task has been executed and cannot be executed periodically. |
| 10200057 | The task cannot be executed by two APIs.  |


**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): void {
  console.info("printArgs: " + args);
}

@Concurrent
function testExecutePeriodically(args: number): void {
  let t = Date.now();
  while ((Date.now() - t) < args) {
    continue;
  }
  taskpool.Task.sendData(args); // Send a message to the host thread.
}

function printResult(data: number): void {
  console.info("taskpool: data is: " + data);
}

function taskpoolTest() {
  try {
    let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, 100); // 100: test number
    taskpool.executePeriodically(1000, task); // 1000: period is 1000ms
  } catch (e) {
    console.error(`taskpool execute-1: Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
  }

  try {
    let periodicTask: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(testExecutePeriodically, 200); // 200: test number
    periodicTask.onReceiveData(printResult);
    taskpool.executePeriodically(1000, periodicTask); // 1000: period is 1000ms
  } catch (e) {
    console.error(`taskpool execute-2: Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
  }
}

taskpoolTest();
```


## taskpool.executePeriodically<sup>13+</sup>

executePeriodically<A extends Array\<Object>, R>(period: number, task: GenericsTask\<A, R>, priority?: Priority): void

Verifies the passed-in parameter types and return value type of a concurrent function, and executes the generic task periodically at an interval specified by **period**.


**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 13.

**Parameters**

| Name      | Type         | Mandatory | Description                |
| -----------  | ------------- | ----- | -------------------- |
| period       | number        | Yes   | Execution period, in ms. |
| task         | [GenericsTask](#genericstask13) | Yes   | Generic task to be executed periodically.|
| priority     | [Priority](#priority) | No  | Priority of the task. The default value is **taskpool.Priority.MEDIUM**.|


**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID  | Error Message                        |
| ---------- | -------------------------------- |
| 401        | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1.Incorrect parameter types; 2.Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200006   | An exception occurred during serialization. |
| 10200014   | The function is not marked as concurrent. |
| 10200028   | The period is less than zero. |
| 10200050   | The concurrent task has been executed and cannot be executed periodically. |
| 10200057 | The task cannot be executed by two APIs.  |


**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): void {
  console.info("printArgs: " + args);
}

@Concurrent
function testExecutePeriodically(args: number): void {
  let t = Date.now();
  while ((Date.now() - t) < args) {
    continue;
  }
  taskpool.Task.sendData(args); // Send a message to the host thread.
}

function printResult(data: number): void {
  console.info("taskpool: data is: " + data);
}

function taskpoolTest() {
  try {
    let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.GenericsTask<[number], void>(printArgs, 100); // 100: test number
    taskpool.executePeriodically<[number], void>(1000, task); // 1000: period is 1000ms
  } catch (e) {
    console.error(`taskpool execute-1: Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
  }

  try {
    let periodicTask: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.GenericsTask<[number], void>(testExecutePeriodically, 200); // 200: test number
    periodicTask.onReceiveData(printResult);
    taskpool.executePeriodically<[number], void>(1000, periodicTask); // 1000: period is 1000ms
  } catch (e) {
    console.error(`taskpool execute-2: Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
  }
}

taskpoolTest();
```


## taskpool.cancel

cancel(task: Task): void

Cancels a task in the task pool. If the task is in the internal queue of the task pool, the task will not be executed after being canceled, and an exception indicating task cancellation is returned. If the task has been distributed to the worker thread of the task pool, canceling the task does not affect the task execution, and the execution result is returned in the catch branch. You can use **isCanceled()** to check the task cancellation status. In other words, **taskpool.cancel** takes effect before **taskpool.execute** or **taskpool.executeDelayed** is called.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type         | Mandatory| Description                |
| ------ | ------------- | ---- | -------------------- |
| task   | [Task](#task) | Yes  | Task to cancel.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                     |
| -------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200015 | The task to cancel does not exist. |
| 10200055 | The asyncRunner task has been canceled. |

Since API version 10, error code 10200016 is not reported when this API is called.

**Example of canceling an ongoing task**

```ts
@Concurrent
function inspectStatus(arg: number): number {
  // Check whether the task has been canceled and respond accordingly.
  if (taskpool.Task.isCanceled()) {
    console.info("task has been canceled before 2s sleep.");
    return arg + 2;
  }
  // 2s sleep
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while (Date.now() - t < 2000) {
    continue;
  }
  // Check again whether the task has been canceled and respond accordingly.
  if (taskpool.Task.isCanceled()) {
    console.info("task has been canceled after 2s sleep.");
    return arg + 3;
  }
  return arg + 1;
}

function concurrentFunc() {
  let task1: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(inspectStatus, 100); // 100: test number
  let task2: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(inspectStatus, 200); // 200: test number
  let task3: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(inspectStatus, 300); // 300: test number
  let task4: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(inspectStatus, 400); // 400: test number
  let task5: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(inspectStatus, 500); // 500: test number
  let task6: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(inspectStatus, 600); // 600: test number
  taskpool.execute(task1).then((res: Object)=>{
    console.info("taskpool test result: " + res);
  });
  taskpool.execute(task2);
  taskpool.execute(task3);
  taskpool.execute(task4);
  taskpool.execute(task5);
  taskpool.execute(task6);
  // Cancel the task 1s later.
  setTimeout(()=>{
    try {
      taskpool.cancel(task1);
    } catch (e) {
      console.error(`taskpool: cancel error code: ${e.code}, info: ${e.message}`);
    }
  }, 1000);
}

concurrentFunc();
```

## taskpool.cancel<sup>10+</sup>

cancel(group: TaskGroup): void

Cancels a task group in the task pool. If a task group is canceled before all the tasks in it are finished, **undefined** is returned.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name  | Type                   | Mandatory| Description                |
| ------- | ----------------------- | ---- | -------------------- |
| group   | [TaskGroup](#taskgroup10) | Yes  | Task group to cancel.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                                |
| -------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200018 | The task group to cancel does not exist.      |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): number {
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while (Date.now() - t < 2000) {
    continue;
  }
  console.info("printArgs: " + args);
  return args;
}

function concurrentFunc() {
  let taskGroup1: taskpool.TaskGroup = new taskpool.TaskGroup();
  taskGroup1.addTask(printArgs, 10); // 10: test number
  let taskGroup2: taskpool.TaskGroup = new taskpool.TaskGroup();
  taskGroup2.addTask(printArgs, 100); // 100: test number
  taskpool.execute(taskGroup1).then((res: Array<Object>)=>{
    console.info("taskGroup1 res is:" + res);
  });
  taskpool.execute(taskGroup2).then((res: Array<Object>)=>{
    console.info("taskGroup2 res is:" + res);
  });
  setTimeout(()=>{
    try {
      taskpool.cancel(taskGroup2);
    } catch (e) {
      console.error(`taskpool: cancel error code: ${e.code}, info: ${e.message}`);
    }
  }, 1000);
}

concurrentFunc();
```

## taskpool.cancel<sup>18+</sup>

cancel(taskId: number): void

Cancels a task in the task pool by task ID. If the task is in the internal queue of the task pool, the task will not be executed after being canceled, and an exception indicating task cancellation is returned. If the task has been distributed to the worker thread of the task pool, canceling the task does not affect the task execution, and the execution result is returned in the catch branch. You can use **isCanceled()** to check the task cancellation status. In other words, **taskpool.cancel** takes effect before **taskpool.execute** or **taskpool.executeDelayed** is called. If **taskpool.cancel** is called by other threads, note that the cancel operation, which is asynchronous, may take effect for later calls of **taskpool.execute** or **taskpool.executeDelayed**.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 18.

**Parameters**

| Name  | Type                   | Mandatory| Description                |
| ------- | ----------------------- | ---- | -------------------- |
| taskId   | number | Yes  | ID of the task to cancel.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                     |
| -------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200015 | The task to cancel does not exist. |
| 10200055 | The asyncRunner task has been canceled. |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): number {
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while (Date.now() - t < 2000) {
    continue;
  }
  if (taskpool.Task.isCanceled()) {
    console.info("task has been canceled after 2s sleep.");
    return args + 1;
  }
  console.info("printArgs: " + args);
  return args;
}

@Concurrent
function cancelFunction(taskId: number) {
  try {
    taskpool.cancel(taskId);
  } catch (e) {
    console.error(`taskpool: cancel error code: ${e.code}, info: ${e.message}`);
  }
}

function concurrentFunc() {
  let task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, 100); // 100: test number
  taskpool.execute(task);
  setTimeout(()=>{
    let cancelTask = new taskpool.Task(cancelFunction, task.taskId);
    taskpool.execute(cancelTask);
  }, 1000);
}

concurrentFunc();
```

## taskpool.terminateTask<sup>12+</sup>

terminateTask(longTask: LongTask): void

Terminates a continuous task in the task pool. It is called after the continuous task is complete. After the task is terminated, the thread that executes the task may be reclaimed.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 12.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type         | Mandatory| Description                |
| ------ | ------------- | ---- | -------------------- |
| longTask   | [LongTask](#longtask12) | Yes  | Continuous task to terminate.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md).

| ID| Error Message|
| -------- | -------- |
| 401 | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function longTask(arg: number): number {
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while (Date.now() - t < arg) {
    continue;
  }
  console.info("longTask has been executed.");
  return arg;
}

function concurrentFunc() {
  let task1: taskpool.LongTask = new taskpool.LongTask(longTask, 1000); // 1000: sleep time
  taskpool.execute(task1).then((res: Object)=>{
    taskpool.terminateTask(task1);
    console.info("taskpool longTask result: " + res);
  });
}

concurrentFunc();
```

## taskpool.isConcurrent<sup>12+</sup>

isConcurrent(func: Function): boolean

Checks whether a function is a concurrent function.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 12.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type         | Mandatory| Description                |
| ------ | ------------- | ---- | -------------------- |
| func   | Function | Yes  | Function to check.|

**Return value**

| Type   | Description                                |
| ------- | ------------------------------------ |
| boolean | Check result. The value **true** means that the function is a concurrent function, that is, a function decorated with [@Concurrent](../../arkts-utils/taskpool-introduction.md#concurrent-decorator); **false** means the opposite.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md).

| ID| Error Message|
| -------- | -------- |
| 401 | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function test() {}

let result: Boolean = taskpool.isConcurrent(test)
console.info("result is: " + result)
```

## taskpool.getTaskPoolInfo<sup>10+</sup>

getTaskPoolInfo(): TaskPoolInfo

Obtains internal information about this task pool, including thread information and task information.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Return value**

| Type                               | Description               |
| ----------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| [TaskPoolInfo](#taskpoolinfo10)   | Internal information about the task pool.  |

**Example**

```ts
let taskpoolInfo: taskpool.TaskPoolInfo = taskpool.getTaskPoolInfo();
```

## Priority

Enumerates the priorities available for created tasks. The task priority applies during task execution. The worker thread priority is updated with the task priority. For details about the mappings, see [QoS Level](../../napi/qos-guidelines.md#qos-level).

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

| Name| Value| Description|
| -------- | -------- | -------- |
| HIGH   | 0    | The task has a high priority.<br>**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.|
| MEDIUM | 1 | The task has a medium priority.<br>**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.|
| LOW | 2 | The task has a low priority.<br>**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.|
| IDLE<sup>12+</sup> | 3 | The task is a background task.<br>**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 12.|

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): number {
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while (Date.now() - t < 1000) { // 1000: delay 1s
    continue;
  }
  console.info("printArgs: " + args);
  return args;
}

let allCount = 100; // 100: test number
let taskArray: Array<taskpool.Task> = [];
// Create 400 tasks and add them to taskArray.
for (let i: number = 0; i < allCount; i++) {
  let task1: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, i);
  taskArray.push(task1);
  let task2: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, i * 10); // 10: test number
  taskArray.push(task2);
  let task3: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, i * 100); // 100: test number
  taskArray.push(task3);
  let task4: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, i * 1000); // 1000: test number
  taskArray.push(task4);
}

// Obtain different tasks from taskArray and specify different priorities for execution.
for (let i: number = 0; i < taskArray.length; i+=4) { // 4: Four tasks are executed each time. When obtaining tasks cyclically, obtain the four items following the last batch to ensure that different tasks are obtained each time.
  taskpool.execute(taskArray[i], taskpool.Priority.HIGH);
  taskpool.execute(taskArray[i + 1], taskpool.Priority.LOW);
  taskpool.execute(taskArray[i + 2], taskpool.Priority.MEDIUM);
  taskpool.execute(taskArray[i + 3], taskpool.Priority.IDLE);
}
```

## Task

Implements a task. Before calling any APIs in **Task**, you must use [constructor](#constructor) to create a **Task** instance. A task can be executed for multiple times, placed in a task group, serial queue, or asynchronous queue for execution, or added with dependencies for execution.

### Properties

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

| Name                | Type      | Readable| Writable| Description                                                        |
| -------------------- | --------- | ---- | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| function             | Function  | Yes  | Yes  | Function to be passed in during task creation. For details about the supported return value types of the function, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types).<br>**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.|
| arguments            | Object[]  | Yes  | Yes  | Arguments of the function. For details about the supported parameter types, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types).<br>**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.|
| name<sup>11+</sup>   | string    | Yes  | No  | Name of the task specified when the task is created.<br>**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.|
| taskId<sup>18+</sup>   | number    | Yes  | No  | Task ID.<br>**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 18.|
| totalDuration<sup>11+</sup>  | number    | Yes  | No  | Total execution time of the task. in ms.<br>**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.|
| ioDuration<sup>11+</sup>     | number    | Yes  | No  | Asynchronous I/O time of the task. in ms.<br>**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.|
| cpuDuration<sup>11+</sup>    | number    | Yes  | No  | CPU time of the task. in ms.<br>**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.|

### constructor

constructor(func: Function, ...args: Object[])

A constructor used to create a **Task** instance.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type     | Mandatory| Description                                                                 |
| ------ | --------- | ---- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| func   | Function  | Yes  | Function to be executed. The function must be decorated using [@Concurrent](../../arkts-utils/taskpool-introduction.md#concurrent-decorator). For details about the supported return value types of the function, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types).    |
| args   | Object[] | No  | Arguments of the function. For details about the supported parameter types, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types). The default value is **undefined**.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                |
| -------- | --------------------------------------- |
| 401      | The input parameters are invalid. |
| 10200014 | The function is not marked as concurrent. |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): number {
  console.info("printArgs: " + args);
  return args;
}

let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, "this is my first Task");
```

### constructor<sup>11+</sup>

constructor(name: string, func: Function, ...args: Object[])

A constructor used to create a **Task** instance, with the task name specified.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type    | Mandatory| Description                                                        |
| ------ | -------- | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| name   | string   | Yes  | Task name.                                                  |
| func   | Function  | Yes  | Function to be executed. The function must be decorated using [@Concurrent](../../arkts-utils/taskpool-introduction.md#concurrent-decorator). For details about the supported return value types of the function, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types).    |
| args   | Object[] | No  | Arguments of the function. For details about the supported parameter types, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types). The default value is **undefined**.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                               |
| -------- | --------------------------------------- |
| 401      | The input parameters are invalid. |
| 10200014 | The function is not marked as concurrent. |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: string): string {
  console.info("printArgs: " + args);
  return args;
}

let taskName: string = "taskName";
let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(taskName, printArgs, "this is my first Task");
let name: string = task.name;
```

### isCanceled<sup>10+</sup>

static isCanceled(): boolean

Checks whether the running task is canceled. Before using this API, you must create a **Task** instance.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Return value**

| Type   | Description                                |
| ------- | ------------------------------------ |
| boolean | Returns **true** if the running task is canceled; returns **false** otherwise.|

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function inspectStatus(arg: number): number {
    // do something
    if (taskpool.Task.isCanceled()) {
      console.info("task has been canceled.");
      // do something
      return arg + 1;
    }
    // do something
    return arg;
}
```

> **NOTE**
>
> **isCanceled** must be used together with **taskpool.cancel**. If **cancel** is not called, **isCanceled** returns **false** by default.

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function inspectStatus(arg: number): number {
  // Check whether the task has been canceled and respond accordingly.
  if (taskpool.Task.isCanceled()) {
    console.info("task has been canceled before 2s sleep.");
    return arg + 2;
  }
  // Wait for 2s.
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while (Date.now() - t < 2000) {
    continue;
  }
  // Check again whether the task has been canceled and respond accordingly.
  if (taskpool.Task.isCanceled()) {
    console.info("task has been canceled after 2s sleep.");
    return arg + 3;
  }
  return arg + 1;
}

let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(inspectStatus, 100); // 100: test number
taskpool.execute(task).then((res: Object)=>{
  console.info("taskpool test result: " + res);
}).catch((err: string) => {
  console.error("taskpool test occur error: " + err);
});
// If cancel is not called, isCanceled() returns false by default, and the task execution result is 101.
```

### setTransferList<sup>10+</sup>

setTransferList(transfer?: ArrayBuffer[]): void

Sets the task transfer list. Before using this API, you must create a **Task** instance. If this API is not called, the ArrayBuffer in the data is transferred by default.

> **NOTE**
>
> This API is used to set the task transfer list in the form of **ArrayBuffer** in the task pool. The **ArrayBuffer** instance does not copy the content in the task to the worker thread during transfer. Instead, it transfers the buffer control right to the worker thread. After the transfer, the **ArrayBuffer** instance becomes invalid. An empty **ArrayBuffer** will not be transferred.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name  | Type          | Mandatory| Description                                         |
| -------- | ------------- | ---- | --------------------------------------------- |
| transfer | ArrayBuffer[] | No  | **ArrayBuffer** instance holding the objects to transfer. The default value is an empty array.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                                       |
| -------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Incorrect parameter types; 2. Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200029 | An ArrayBuffer cannot be set as both a transfer list and a clone list. |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function testTransfer(arg1: ArrayBuffer, arg2: ArrayBuffer): number {
  console.info("testTransfer arg1 byteLength: " + arg1.byteLength);
  console.info("testTransfer arg2 byteLength: " + arg2.byteLength);
  return 100;
}

let buffer: ArrayBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(8);
let view: Uint8Array = new Uint8Array(buffer);
let buffer1: ArrayBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(16);
let view1: Uint8Array = new Uint8Array(buffer1);

console.info("testTransfer view byteLength: " + view.byteLength);
console.info("testTransfer view1 byteLength: " + view1.byteLength);
// The execution result is as follows:
// testTransfer view byteLength: 8
// testTransfer view1 byteLength: 16

let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(testTransfer, view, view1);
task.setTransferList([view.buffer, view1.buffer]);
taskpool.execute(task).then((res: Object)=>{
  console.info("test result: " + res);
}).catch((e: string)=>{
  console.error("test catch: " + e);
})
console.info("testTransfer view2 byteLength: " + view.byteLength);
console.info("testTransfer view3 byteLength: " + view1.byteLength);
// The value is 0 after transfer. The execution result is as follows:
// testTransfer view2 byteLength: 0
// testTransfer view3 byteLength: 0
```


### setCloneList<sup>11+</sup>

setCloneList(cloneList: Object[] | ArrayBuffer[]): void

Sets the task clone list. Before using this API, you must create a **Task** instance.

> **NOTE**
>
> This API must be used together with the [@Sendable decorator](../../arkts-utils/arkts-sendable.md#sendable-decorator). Otherwise, an exception is thrown.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name   | Type                     | Mandatory| Description                                         |
| --------- | ------------------------ | ---- | --------------------------------------------- |
| cloneList | Object[] \| ArrayBuffer[]  | Yes| - The type of the passed-in array must be [sendable data types](../../arkts-utils/arkts-sendable.md#sendable-data-types) or ArrayBuffer.<br>- All [Sendable class](../../arkts-utils/arkts-sendable.md#sendable-class) instances or ArrayBuffer objects passed in to **cloneList** are transferred in copy mode between threads. This means that any modification to the destination objects does not affect the original objects.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                                       |
| -------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200029 | An ArrayBuffer cannot be set as both a transfer list and a clone list. |

**Example**

```ts
// sendable.ets
// Define two Sendable classes: BaseClass and its child class DeriveClass.
@Sendable
export class BaseClass {
  private str: string = "sendable: BaseClass";
  static num :number = 10;
  str1: string = "sendable: this is BaseClass's string";
  num1: number = 5;
  isDone1: boolean = false;

  private fibonacciRecursive(n: number): number {
    if (n <= 1) {
      return n;
    } else {
      return this.fibonacciRecursive(n - 1) + this.fibonacciRecursive(n - 2);
    }
  }

  private privateFunc(num: number): number{
    let res: number = this.fibonacciRecursive(num);
    console.info("sendable: BaseClass privateFunc res is: " + res);
    return res;
  }

  publicFunc(num: number): number {
    return this.privateFunc(num);
  }

  get GetNum(): number {
    return this.num1;
  }
  set SetNum(num: number) {
    this.num1 = num;
  }

  constructor(){
    console.info(this.str);
    this.isDone1 = true;
  }
}

@Sendable
export class DeriveClass extends BaseClass {
  name: string = "sendable: this is DeriveClass";
  printName() {
    console.info(this.name);
  }
  constructor() {
    super();
  }
}
```

<!--code_no_check-->
```ts
// index.ets
// The host thread (UI main thread) calls the methods of BaseClass and DeriveClass in the task pool thread and accesses their properties.
import { taskpool } from '@kit.ArkTS'
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'
import { BaseClass, DeriveClass } from './sendable'

@Concurrent
function testFunc(arr: Array<BaseClass>, num: number): number {
  let baseInstance1 = arr[0];
  console.info("sendable: str1 is: " + baseInstance1.str1);
  baseInstance1.SetNum = 100;
  console.info("sendable: num1 is: " + baseInstance1.GetNum);
  console.info("sendable: isDone1 is: " + baseInstance1.isDone1);
  // Obtain the result of the item specified by num from Fibonacci sequence.
  let res: number = baseInstance1.publicFunc(num);
  return res;
}

@Concurrent
function printLog(arr: Array<DeriveClass>): void {
  let deriveInstance = arr[0];
  deriveInstance.printName();
}

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  @State message: string = 'Hello World'

  build() {
    Row() {
      Column() {
        Text(this.message)
          .fontSize(50)
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        Button() {
          Text("TaskPool Test")
        }.onClick(() => {
          // task1 calls BaseClass.str1/BaseClass.SetNum/BaseClass.GetNum/BaseClass.isDone1/BaseClass.publicFunc.
          let baseInstance1: BaseClass = new BaseClass();
          let array1 = new Array<BaseClass>();
          array1.push(baseInstance1);
          let task1 = new taskpool.Task(testFunc, array1, 10);
          task1.setCloneList(array1);
          taskpool.execute(task1).then((res: Object) => {
            console.info("sendable: task1 res is: " + res);
          }).catch((e:BusinessError) => {
            console.error(`sendable: task1 execute Code is ${e.code}, message is ${e.message}`);
          })

          // task2 calls DeriveClass.printName.
          let deriveInstance: DeriveClass = new DeriveClass();
          let array2 = new Array<DeriveClass>();
          array2.push(deriveInstance);
          let task2 = new taskpool.Task(printLog, array2);
          task2.setCloneList(array2);
          taskpool.execute(task2).then(() => {
            console.info("sendable: task2 execute success");
          }).catch((e:BusinessError) => {
            console.error(`sendable: task2 execute Code is ${e.code}, message is ${e.message}`);
          })
        })
        .height('15%')
        .width('30%')
      }
      .width('100%')
    }
    .height('100%')
  }
}
```


### sendData<sup>11+</sup>

static sendData(...args: Object[]): void

Sends data to the host thread and triggers the registered callback. Before using this API, you must create a **Task** instance.

> **NOTE**
>
> - The API is called in the TaskPool thread.
> - Do not use this API in a callback function.
> - Before calling this API, ensure that the callback function for processing data has been registered in the host thread.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name  | Type         | Mandatory| Description                                             |
| -------- | ------------- | ---- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| args     | Object[]      | No  | Data to be used as the input parameter of the registered callback. For details about the supported parameter types, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types). The default value is **undefined**.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                |
| -------- | --------------------------------------- |
| 401       | The input parameters are invalid. |
| 10200006  | An exception occurred during serialization. |
| 10200022  | The function is not called in the TaskPool thread. |
| 10200023  | The function is not called in the concurrent function. |
| 10200024  | The callback is not registered on the host side. |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function sendDataTest(num: number): number {
  let res: number = num * 10;
  taskpool.Task.sendData(res);
  return num;
}

function printLog(data: number): void {
  console.info("taskpool: data is: " + data);
}

async function taskpoolTest(): Promise<void> {
  try {
    let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(sendDataTest, 1);
    task.onReceiveData(printLog);
    await taskpool.execute(task);
  } catch (e) {
    console.error(`taskpool: error code: ${e.code}, info: ${e.message}`);
  }
}

taskpoolTest();
```


### onReceiveData<sup>11+</sup>

onReceiveData(callback?: Function): void

Registers a callback for a task to receive and process data from the worker thread. Before using this API, you must create a **Task** instance.

> **NOTE**
>
> If multiple callbacks are registered for the same task, only the last registration takes effect.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name  | Type    | Mandatory| Description                                                        |
| -------- | -------- | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| callback | Function | No  | Callback function for processing the data received. The data sent to the host thread is transferred to the callback as an input parameter. If no value is passed in, all the registered callbacks are canceled.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md).

| ID| Error Message|
| -------- | -------- |
| 401 | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Incorrect parameter types; 2. Parameter verification failed. |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function ConcurrentFunc(num: number): number {
  let res: number = num * 10;
  taskpool.Task.sendData(res);
  return num;
}

function printLog(data: number): void {
  console.info("taskpool: data is: " + data);
}

async function testFunc(): Promise<void> {
  try {
    let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(ConcurrentFunc, 1);
    task.onReceiveData(printLog);
    await taskpool.execute(task);
  } catch (e) {
    console.error(`taskpool: error code: ${e.code}, info: ${e.message}`);
  }
}

testFunc();
```

### addDependency<sup>11+</sup>

addDependency(...tasks: Task[]): void

Adds dependent tasks for this task. Before using this API, you must create a **Task** instance. The task and its dependent tasks cannot be a task in a task group, serial queue, or asynchronous queue, a task that has been executed, or a periodic task. A task with a dependency relationship (a task that depends on another task or a task that is depended on) cannot be executed multiple times.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type            | Mandatory| Description              |
| ------ | --------------- | ---- | ------------------ |
| tasks  | [Task](#task)[] | No  | Array of tasks on which the current task depends. The default value is **undefined**.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                       |
| -------- | ------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200026 | There is a circular dependency. |
| 10200052 | The periodic task cannot have a dependency. |
| 10200056 | The task has been executed by the AsyncRunner. |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function delay(args: number): number {
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while ((Date.now() - t) < 1000) {
	continue;
  }
  return args;
}

let task1:taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(delay, 100);
let task2:taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(delay, 200);
let task3:taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(delay, 200);

console.info("dependency: add dependency start");
task1.addDependency(task2);
task2.addDependency(task3);
console.info("dependency: add dependency end");

console.info("dependency: start execute second")
taskpool.execute(task1).then(() => {
  console.info("dependency: second task1 success");
})
taskpool.execute(task2).then(() => {
  console.info("dependency: second task2 success");
})
taskpool.execute(task3).then(() => {
  console.info("dependency: second task3 success");
})
```

### removeDependency<sup>11+</sup>

removeDependency(...tasks: Task[]): void

Removes dependent tasks for this task. Before using this API, you must create a **Task** instance.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type  | Mandatory| Description              |
| ------ | ------ | ---- | ------------------ |
| tasks  | [Task](#task)[] | No  | Array of tasks on which the current task depends. The default value is **undefined**.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                      |
| -------- | ------------------------------ |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200027 | The dependency does not exist. |
| 10200052 | The periodic task cannot have a dependency. |
| 10200056 | The task has been executed by the AsyncRunner. |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function delay(args: number): number {
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while ((Date.now() - t) < 1000) {
	continue;
  }
  return args;
}

let task1:taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(delay, 100);
let task2:taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(delay, 200);
let task3:taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(delay, 200);

console.info("dependency: add dependency start");
task1.addDependency(task2);
task2.addDependency(task3);
console.info("dependency: add dependency end");
console.info("dependency: remove dependency start");
task1.removeDependency(task2);
task2.removeDependency(task3);
console.info("dependency: remove dependency end");

console.info("dependency: start execute")
taskpool.execute(task1).then(() => {
  console.info("dependency: task1 success");
})
taskpool.execute(task2).then(() => {
  console.info("dependency: task2 success");
})
taskpool.execute(task3).then(() => {
  console.info("dependency: task3 success");
})
```


### onEnqueued<sup>12+</sup>

onEnqueued(callback: CallbackFunction): void

Registers a callback function and calls it when a task is enqueued. The registration must be carried out before the task is executed. Otherwise, an exception is thrown.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 12.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type  | Mandatory| Description              |
| ------ | ------ | ---- | ------------------ |
| callback  | [CallbackFunction](#callbackfunction12) | Yes  | Callback function to register.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                      |
| -------- | ------------------------------ |
| 401       | The input parameters are invalid. |
| 10200034  | The executed task does not support the registration of listeners. |

**Example**

```ts
import { taskpool } from '@kit.ArkTS'

@Concurrent
function delay(args: number): number {
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while ((Date.now() - t) < 1000) {
	continue;
  }
  return args;
}

let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(delay, 1);
task.onEnqueued(()=>{
  console.info("taskpool: onEnqueued")
});
taskpool.execute(task).then(()=> {
  console.info("taskpool: execute task success")
});
```


### onStartExecution<sup>12+</sup>

onStartExecution(callback: CallbackFunction): void

Registers a callback function and calls it when the execution of a task starts. The registration must be carried out before the task is executed. Otherwise, an exception is thrown.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 12.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type  | Mandatory| Description              |
| ------ | ------ | ---- | ------------------ |
| callback  | [CallbackFunction](#callbackfunction12)  | Yes  | Callback function to register.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                      |
| -------- | ------------------------------ |
| 401       | The input parameters are invalid. |
| 10200034  | The executed task does not support the registration of listeners. |

**Example**

```ts
import { taskpool } from '@kit.ArkTS'

@Concurrent
function delay(args: number): number {
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while ((Date.now() - t) < 1000) {
	continue;
  }
  return args;
}

let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(delay, 1);
task.onStartExecution(()=>{
  console.info("taskpool: onStartExecution")
});
taskpool.execute(task).then(()=> {
  console.info("taskpool: execute task success")
});
```

### onExecutionFailed<sup>12+</sup>

onExecutionFailed(callback: CallbackFunctionWithError): void

Registers a callback function and calls it when a task fails to be enqueued. The registration must be carried out before the task is executed. Otherwise, an exception is thrown.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 12.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type  | Mandatory| Description              |
| ------ | ------ | ---- | ------------------ |
| callback  | [CallbackFunctionWithError](#callbackfunctionwitherror12)  | Yes  | Callback function to register.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                      |
| -------- | ------------------------------ |
| 401       | The input parameters are invalid. |
| 10200034  | The executed task does not support the registration of listeners. |

**Example**

```ts
import { taskpool } from '@kit.ArkTS'
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'
import { HashMap } from '@kit.ArkTS'

@Concurrent
function test(args:number) {
  let t = Date.now()
  while ((Date.now() - t) < 100) {
    continue;
  }
  let hashMap1: HashMap<string, number> = new HashMap();
  hashMap1.set('a', args);
  return hashMap1;
}

let task2 = new taskpool.Task(test, 1);
task2.onExecutionFailed((e:Error)=>{
  console.info("taskpool: onExecutionFailed error is " + e);
})
taskpool.execute(task2).then(()=>{
  console.info("taskpool: execute task success")
}).catch((e:BusinessError)=>{
  console.error(`taskpool: error code: ${e.code}, error info: ${e.message}`);
})
```

### onExecutionSucceeded<sup>12+</sup>

onExecutionSucceeded(callback: CallbackFunction): void

Registers a callback function and calls it when a task is executed successfully. The registration must be carried out before the task is executed. Otherwise, an exception is thrown.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 12.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type  | Mandatory| Description              |
| ------ | ------ | ---- | ------------------ |
| callback  | [CallbackFunction](#callbackfunction12)  | Yes  | Callback function to register.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                      |
| -------- | ------------------------------ |
| 401       | The input parameters are invalid. |
| 10200034  | The executed task does not support the registration of listeners. |

**Example**

```ts
import { taskpool } from '@kit.ArkTS'

@Concurrent
function delay(args: number): number {
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while ((Date.now() - t) < 1000) {
	  continue;
  }
  return args;
}

let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(delay, 1);
task.onExecutionSucceeded(()=>{
  console.info("taskpool: onExecutionSucceeded")
});
taskpool.execute(task).then(()=> {
  console.info("taskpool: execute task success")
});
```

### isDone<sup>12+</sup>

isDone(): boolean

Checks whether the task is complete.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 12.

**Return value**

| Type   | Description                                |
| ------- | ------------------------------------ |
| boolean | Check result. The value **true** means that the task is complete, and **false** means the opposite.|

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function inspectStatus(arg: number): number {
  // 2s sleep
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while (Date.now() - t < 1000) {
    continue;
  }
  return arg + 1;
}

async function taskpoolCancel(): Promise<void> {
  let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(inspectStatus, 100); // 100: test number
  taskpool.execute(task).then((res: Object)=>{
    console.info("taskpool test result: " + res);
  }).catch((err: string) => {
    console.error("taskpool test occur error: " + err);
  });

  setTimeout(()=>{
    if (!task.isDone()) {
      taskpool.cancel(task);
    }
  }, 3000); // Wait for 3s to ensure that the task has been executed.
}

taskpoolCancel();
```

## CallbackFunction<sup>12+</sup>

type CallbackFunction = () => void

Describes a callback function.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 12.


## CallbackFunctionWithError<sup>12+</sup>

type CallbackFunctionWithError = (e: Error) => void

Describes a callback function with an error message.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 12.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type  | Mandatory| Description              |
| ------ | ------ | ---- | ------------------ |
| e  | Error | Yes  | Error message.|


## LongTask<sup>12+</sup>

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

Describes a continuous task. **LongTask** inherits from [Task](#task).
No upper limit is set for the execution time of a continuous task, and no timeout exception is thrown if a continuous task runs for a long period of time. However, a continuous task cannot be executed in a task group or executed for multiple times.
The thread for executing a continuous task exists until [terminateTask](#taskpoolterminatetask12) is called after the execution is complete. The thread is reclaimed when it is idle.

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: string): string {
  console.info("printArgs: " + args);
  return args;
}

let task: taskpool.LongTask = new taskpool.LongTask(printArgs, "this is my first LongTask");
```


## GenericsTask<sup>13+</sup>

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

Implements a generic task. **GenericsTask** inherits from [Task](#task).
During the creation of a generic task, the passed-in parameter types and return value types of concurrent functions are verified in the compilation phase. Other behaviors are the same as those during the creation of a task.

### constructor<sup>13+</sup>

constructor(func: (...args: A) => R | Promise\<R>, ...args: A)

A constructor used to create a **GenericsTask** object.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 13.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type     | Mandatory| Description                                                                 |
| ------ | --------- | ---- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| func   | (...args: A) => R \| Promise\<R>  | Yes  | Function to be executed. The function must be decorated using [@Concurrent](../../arkts-utils/taskpool-introduction.md#concurrent-decorator). For details about the supported return value types of the function, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types).    |
| args   | A | No  | Arguments of the function. For details about the supported parameter types, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types). The default value is **undefined**.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                |
| -------- | --------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1.Incorrect parameter types; 2.Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200014 | The function is not marked as concurrent. |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: string): string {
  console.info("printArgs: " + args);
  return args;
}

@Concurrent
function testWithThreeParams(a: number, b: string, c: number): string {
  return b;
}

@Concurrent
function testWithArray(args: [number, string]): string {
  return "success";
}

let task1: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.GenericsTask<[string], string>(printArgs, "this is my first LongTask");

let task2: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.GenericsTask<[number, string, number], string>(testWithThreeParams, 100, "test", 100);

let task3: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.GenericsTask<[[number, string]], string>(testWithArray, [100, "test"]);
```

### constructor<sup>13+</sup>

constructor(name: string, func: (...args: A) => R | Promise\<R>, ...args: A)

A constructor used to create a **GenericsTask** instance, with the task name specified.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 13.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type    | Mandatory| Description                                                        |
| ------ | -------- | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| name   | string   | Yes  | Name of the generic task.                                                  |
| func   | (...args: A) => R \| Promise\<R>  | Yes  | Function to be executed. The function must be decorated using [@Concurrent](../../arkts-utils/taskpool-introduction.md#concurrent-decorator). For details about the supported return value types of the function, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types).    |
| args   | A | No  | Arguments of the function. For details about the supported parameter types, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types). The default value is **undefined**.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                               |
| -------- | --------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1.Incorrect parameter types; 2.Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200014 | The function is not marked as concurrent. |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: string): string {
  console.info("printArgs: " + args);
  return args;
}

let taskName: string = "taskName";
let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.GenericsTask<[string], string>(taskName, printArgs, "this is my first Task");
let name: string = task.name;
```

## TaskGroup<sup>10+</sup>

Implements a task group, in which tasks are associated with each other and all tasks are executed at a time. If all the tasks are executed normally, an array of task results is returned asynchronously, and the sequence of elements in the array is the same as the sequence of tasks added by calling [addTask](#addtask10-1). If any task fails, the corresponding exception is thrown. If multiple tasks in the task group fail, the exception of the first failed task is thrown. A task group can be executed for multiple times, but no task can be added after the task group is executed. Before calling any APIs in **TaskGroup**, you must use [constructor](#constructor10) to create a **TaskGroup** instance.

### constructor<sup>10+</sup>

constructor()

Constructor used to create a **TaskGroup** instance.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Example**

```ts
let taskGroup = new taskpool.TaskGroup();
```

### constructor<sup>11+</sup>

constructor(name: string)

A constructor used to create a **TaskGroup** instance, with the task group name specified.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type  | Mandatory| Description        |
| ------ | ------ | ---- | ------------ |
| name   | string | Yes  | Task group name.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md).

| ID| Error Message|
| -------- | -------- |
| 401 | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |

**Example**

```ts
let taskGroupName: string = "groupName";
let taskGroup: taskpool.TaskGroup = new taskpool.TaskGroup(taskGroupName);
let name: string = taskGroup.name;
```

### addTask<sup>10+</sup>

addTask(func: Function, ...args: Object[]): void

Adds the function to be executed to this task group. Before using this API, you must create a **TaskGroup** instance.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type     | Mandatory| Description                                                                  |
| ------ | --------- | ---- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| func   | Function  | Yes  | Function to be executed. The function must be decorated using [@Concurrent](../../arkts-utils/taskpool-introduction.md#concurrent-decorator). For details about the supported return value types of the function, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types).    |
| args   | Object[] | No  | Arguments of the function. For details about the supported parameter types, see [Sequenceable Data Types](#sequenceable-data-types). The default value is **undefined**.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                |
| -------- | --------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200014 | The function is not marked as concurrent. |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): number {
  console.info("printArgs: " + args);
  return args;
}

let taskGroup: taskpool.TaskGroup = new taskpool.TaskGroup();
taskGroup.addTask(printArgs, 100); // 100: test number
```

### addTask<sup>10+</sup>

addTask(task: Task): void

Adds a created task to this task group. Before using this API, you must create a **TaskGroup** instance. Tasks in another task group, serial queue, or asynchronous queue, dependent tasks, continuous tasks, tasks that have been executed, and periodic tasks cannot be added to the task group.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name  | Type                 | Mandatory| Description                                      |
| -------- | --------------------- | ---- | ---------------------------------------- |
| task     | [Task](#task)         | Yes  | Task to be added to the task group.                 |

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                |
| -------- | --------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types; 3. Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200014 | The function is not marked as concurrent. |
| 10200051 | The periodic task cannot be executed again.  |
| 10200057 | The task cannot be executed by two APIs.  |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): number {
  console.info("printArgs: " + args);
  return args;
}

let taskGroup: taskpool.TaskGroup = new taskpool.TaskGroup();
let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, 200); // 200: test number
taskGroup.addTask(task);
```

### Properties

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

| Name| Type  | Readable| Writable| Description                        |
| ---- | ------ | ---- | ---- | ---------------------------- |
| name<sup>11+</sup> | string | Yes  | Yes  | Name of the task group specified when the task group is created.|

## SequenceRunner <sup>11+</sup>

Implements a serial queue, in which all tasks are executed in sequence. Before calling any APIs in **SequenceRunner**, you must use [constructor](#constructor11-3) to create a **SequenceRunner** instance.

### constructor<sup>11+</sup>

constructor(priority?: Priority)

A constructor used to create a **SequenceRunner** instance.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name  | Type                 | Mandatory| Description                                                      |
| -------- | --------------------- | ---- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| priority | [Priority](#priority) | No  | Priority of the task. The default value is **taskpool.Priority.MEDIUM**.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md).

| ID| Error Message|
| -------- | -------- |
| 401 | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Incorrect parameter types; 2. Parameter verification failed. |

**Example**

```ts
let runner: taskpool.SequenceRunner = new taskpool.SequenceRunner();
```

### constructor<sup>12+</sup>

constructor(name: string, priority?: Priority)

A constructor used to create a **SequenceRunner** instance. This instance represents a global serial queue. If the passed-in name is the same as an existing name, the same serial queue is returned.

> **NOTE**
>
> - The bottom layer uses the singleton mode to ensure that the same instance is obtained when a serial queue with the same name is created.
> - The priority of a serial queue cannot be modified.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 12.

**Parameters**

| Name  | Type                 | Mandatory| Description                                                      |
| -------- | --------------------- | ---- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| name     | string                | Yes  | Name of a serial queue.|
| priority | [Priority](#priority) | No  | Priority of the task. The default value is **taskpool.Priority.MEDIUM**.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md).

| ID| Error Message|
| -------- | -------- |
| 401 | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified. 2. Incorrect parameter types. 3.Parameter verification failed. |

**Example**

```ts
let runner:taskpool.SequenceRunner = new taskpool.SequenceRunner("runner1", taskpool.Priority.LOW);
```

### execute<sup>11+</sup>

execute(task: Task): Promise\<Object>

Adds a task to the serial queue for execution. Before using this API, you must create a **SequenceRunner** instance. Tasks in another task group, serial queue, or asynchronous queue, dependent tasks, and tasks that have been executed cannot be added to the serial queue.

> **NOTE**
>
> - Tasks that depend others cannot be added to the serial queue.
> - The failure or cancellation of a task does not affect the execution of subsequent tasks in the serial queue.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type         | Mandatory| Description                            |
| ------ | ------------- | ---- | -------------------------------- |
| task   | [Task](#task) | Yes  | Task to be added to the serial queue.|

**Return value**

| Type            | Description                             |
| ---------------- | --------------------------------- |
| Promise\<Object> | Promise used to return the task execution result.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                   |
| -------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified; 2. Incorrect parameter types. |
| 10200006 | An exception occurred during serialization. |
| 10200025 | dependent task not allowed.  |
| 10200051 | The periodic task cannot be executed again.  |
| 10200057 | The task cannot be executed by two APIs.  |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function additionDelay(delay:number): void {
  let start: number = new Date().getTime();
  while (new Date().getTime() - start < delay) {
    continue;
  }
}
@Concurrent
function waitForRunner(finalString: string): string {
  return finalString;
}
async function seqRunner()
{
  let finalString:string = "";
  let task1:taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(additionDelay, 3000);
  let task2:taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(additionDelay, 2000);
  let task3:taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(additionDelay, 1000);
  let task4:taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(waitForRunner, finalString);

  let runner:taskpool.SequenceRunner = new taskpool.SequenceRunner();
  runner.execute(task1).then(() => {
    finalString += 'a';
    console.info("seqrunner: task1 done.");
  });
  runner.execute(task2).then(() => {
    finalString += 'b';
    console.info("seqrunner: task2 done");
  });
  runner.execute(task3).then(() => {
    finalString += 'c';
    console.info("seqrunner: task3 done");
  });
  await runner.execute(task4);
  console.info("seqrunner: task4 done, finalString is " + finalString);
}
```

## AsyncRunner<sup>18+</sup>

Implements an asynchronous queue, for which you can specify the task execution concurrency and queuing policy. Before calling any APIs in **AsyncRunner**, you must use [constructor](#constructor18) to create an **AsyncRunner** instance.

### constructor<sup>18+</sup>

constructor(runningCapacity: number, waitingCapacity?: number)

A constructor used to create an **AsyncRunner** instance. It constructs a non-global asynchronous queue. Even when the parameters passed are the same, it returns different asynchronous queues.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 18.

**Parameters**

| Name  | Type                 | Mandatory| Description                                                      |
| -------- | --------------------- | ---- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| runningCapacity | number | Yes  | Maximum number of tasks that can run concurrently. The value must be a positive integer. If a negative number is passed, an error is reported. If a non-integer is passed, the value is rounded down.|
| waitingCapacity | number | No  | Maximum number of tasks that can be queued. The value must be greater than or equal to 0. If a negative number is passed, an error is reported. If a non-integer is passed, the value is rounded down. The default value is 0, indicating that there is no limit to the number of tasks that can wait. If a value greater than 0 is passed, tasks will be discarded from the front of the queue once the queue size exceeds this limit, implementing a discard policy.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md).

| ID| Error Message|
| -------- | -------- |
| 401 | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified. 2. Incorrect parameter types. 3.Parameter verification failed. |

**Example**

```ts
let runner: taskpool.AsyncRunner = new taskpool.AsyncRunner(5);
```

### constructor<sup>18+</sup>

constructor(name: string, runningCapacity: number, waitingCapacity?: number)

A constructor used to create an **AsyncRunner** instance. It constructs a global asynchronous queue. If the passed-in name is the same as an existing name, the same asynchronous queue is returned.

> **NOTE**
>
> - The bottom layer uses the singleton mode to ensure that the same instance is obtained when an asynchronous queue with the same name is created.
> - The task execution concurrency and waiting capacity cannot be modified.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 18.

**Parameters**

| Name  | Type                 | Mandatory| Description                                                      |
| -------- | --------------------- | ---- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| name     | string                | Yes  | Name of an asynchronous queue.|
| runningCapacity | number | Yes  | Maximum number of tasks that can run concurrently. The value must be a positive integer. If a negative number is passed, an error is reported. If a non-integer is passed, the value is rounded down.|
| waitingCapacity | number | No  | Maximum number of tasks that can be queued. The value must be greater than or equal to 0. If a negative number is passed, an error is reported. If a non-integer is passed, the value is rounded down. The default value is 0, indicating that there is no limit to the number of tasks that can wait. If a value greater than 0 is passed, tasks will be discarded from the front of the queue once the queue size exceeds this limit, implementing a discard policy.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md).

| ID| Error Message|
| -------- | -------- |
| 401 | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified. 2. Incorrect parameter types. 3.Parameter verification failed. |

**Example**

```ts
let runner:taskpool.AsyncRunner = new taskpool.AsyncRunner("runner1", 5, 5);
```

### execute<sup>18+</sup>

execute(task: Task, priority?: Priority): Promise\<Object>

Adds a task to the asynchronous queue for execution. Before using this API, you must create an **AsyncRunner** instance.

> **NOTE**
>
> - Tasks in a task group cannot be added to the asynchronous queue.
> - Tasks in a serial queue cannot be added to the asynchronous queue.
> - Tasks in other asynchronous queues cannot be added to the asynchronous queue.
> - Periodic tasks cannot be added to the asynchronous queue.
> - Delayed tasks cannot be added to the asynchronous queue.
> - Tasks that depend others cannot be added to the asynchronous queue.
> - Tasks that have been executed cannot be added to the asynchronous queue.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 18.

**Parameters**

| Name| Type         | Mandatory| Description                            |
| ------ | ------------- | ---- | -------------------------------- |
| task   | [Task](#task) | Yes  | Task to be added to the asynchronous queue.|
| priority | [Priority](#priority) | No  | Priority of the task. The default value is **taskpool.Priority.MEDIUM**.|

**Return value**

| Type            | Description                             |
| ---------------- | --------------------------------- |
| Promise\<Object> | Promise used to return the task execution result.|

**Error codes**

For details about the error codes, see [Universal Error Codes](../errorcode-universal.md) and [Utils Error Codes](errorcode-utils.md).

| ID| Error Message                                   |
| -------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| 401      | Parameter error. Possible causes: 1. Mandatory parameters are left unspecified. 2. Incorrect parameter types. 3.Parameter verification failed. |
| 10200006 | An exception occurred during serialization. |
| 10200025 | dependent task not allowed.  |
| 10200051 | The periodic task cannot be executed again.  |
| 10200054 | The asyncRunner task is discarded.  |
| 10200057 | The task cannot be executed by two APIs.  |

**Example**

```ts
@Concurrent
function additionDelay(delay:number): void {
  let start: number = new Date().getTime();
  while (new Date().getTime() - start < delay) {
    continue;
  }
}
async function asyRunner()
{
  let runner:taskpool.AsyncRunner = new taskpool.AsyncRunner("runner1", 5, 5);
  for (let i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
    let task:taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(additionDelay, 1000);
    runner.execute(task).then(() => {
      console.info("asyncRunner: task" + i + " done.");
    }).catch((e: BusinessError) => {
      console.info("asyncRunner: task" + i + " error." + e.code + "-" + e.message);
    });
  }
}

async function asyRunner2()
{
  let runner:taskpool.AsyncRunner = new taskpool.AsyncRunner(5);
  for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
    let task:taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(additionDelay, 1000);
    runner.execute(task).then(() => {
      console.info("asyncRunner: task" + i + " done.");
    });
  }
}
```

## State<sup>10+</sup>

Enumerates the task states. After a task is created and **execute()** is called, the task is placed in the internal queue of the task pool and the state is **WAITING**. When the task is being executed by the worker thread of the task pool, the state changes to **RUNNING**. After the task is executed and the result is returned, the state is reset to **WAITING**. When the task is proactively canceled, the state changes to **CANCELED**.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

| Name     | Value       | Description         |
| --------- | -------- | ------------- |
| WAITING   | 1        | The task is waiting.|
| RUNNING   | 2        | The task is running.|
| CANCELED  | 3        | The task is canceled.|


## TaskInfo<sup>10+</sup>

Describes the internal information about a task.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

### Properties

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

| Name    | Type               | Readable| Writable| Description                                                          |
| -------- | ------------------ | ---- | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
| name<sup>12+</sup> | string             | Yes  | No  | Task name.<br> **Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 12.                                                   |
| taskId   | number             | Yes  | No  | Task ID.<br> **Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.                                                    |
| state    | [State](#state10)  | Yes  | No  | Task state.<br> **Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.                                                   |
| duration | number             | Yes  | No  | Duration that the task has been executed, in ms. If the return value is **0**, the task is not running. If the return value is empty, no task is running.<br> **Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11. |

## ThreadInfo<sup>10+</sup>

Describes the internal information about a worker thread.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

### Properties

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

| Name    | Type                   | Readable| Writable| Description                                                     |
| -------- | ---------------------- | ---- | ---- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| tid      | number                 | Yes  | No  | ID of the worker thread. If the return value is empty, no task is running.             |
| taskIds  | number[]               | Yes  | No  | IDs of tasks running on the calling thread. If the return value is empty, no task is running.  |
| priority | [Priority](#priority)  | Yes  | No  | Priority of the calling thread. If the return value is empty, no task is running.             |

## TaskPoolInfo<sup>10+</sup>

Describes the internal information about a task pool.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

### Properties

**System capability**: SystemCapability.Utils.Lang

**Atomic service API**: This API can be used in atomic services since API version 11.

| Name         | Type                             | Readable| Writable| Description                 |
| ------------- | -------------------------------- | ---- | ---- | -------------------- |
| threadInfos   | [ThreadInfo[]](#threadinfo10)    | Yes  | No  | Internal information about the worker threads.  |
| taskInfos     | [TaskInfo[]](#taskinfo10)        | Yes  | No  | Internal information about the tasks.      |


## Additional Information

### Sequenceable Data Types
The following sequenceable data types are supported: [common object](../../arkts-utils/normal-object.md), [ArrayBuffer object](../../arkts-utils/arraybuffer-object.md), [SharedArrayBuffer object](../../arkts-utils/shared-arraybuffer-object.md), [Transferable object (NativeBinding object)](../../arkts-utils/transferabled-object.md), and [Sendable object](../../arkts-utils/arkts-sendable.md).

### Using the Task Pool in Simple Mode

**Example 1**

```ts
// Common functions are supported, and variables passed in by input parameters are also supported.
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: string): string {
  console.info("func: " + args);
  return args;
}

async function taskpoolExecute(): Promise<void> {
  // taskpool.execute(task)
  let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, "create task, then execute");
  console.info("taskpool.execute(task) result: " + await taskpool.execute(task));
  // taskpool.execute(function)
  console.info("taskpool.execute(function) result: " + await taskpool.execute(printArgs, "execute task by func"));
}

taskpoolExecute();
```

**Example 2**

```ts
// b.ets
export let c: string = "hello";
```
<!--code_no_check-->
```ts
// Reference an imported variable.
// a.ets (in the same directory as b.ets)
import { c } from "./b";

@Concurrent
function printArgs(a: string): string {
  console.info(a);
  console.info(c);
  return a;
}

async function taskpoolExecute(): Promise<void> {
  // taskpool.execute(task)
  let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, "create task, then execute");
  console.info("taskpool.execute(task) result: " + await taskpool.execute(task));

  // taskpool.execute(function)
  console.info("taskpool.execute(function) result: " + await taskpool.execute(printArgs, "execute task by func"));
}

taskpoolExecute();
```

**Example 3**

```ts
// The async functions are supported.
@Concurrent
async function delayExecute(): Promise<Object> {
  let ret = await Promise.all<Object>([
    new Promise<Object>(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000, "resolved"))
  ]);
  return ret;
}

async function taskpoolExecute(): Promise<void> {
  taskpool.execute(delayExecute).then((result: Object) => {
    console.info("taskPoolTest task result: " + result);
  }).catch((err: string) => {
    console.error("taskpool test occur error: " + err);
  });
}

taskpoolExecute();
```

**Example 4**

```ts
// c.ets
import { taskpool } from '@kit.ArkTS';

@Concurrent
function strSort(inPutArr: Array<string>): Array<string> {
  let newArr = inPutArr.sort();
  return newArr;
}

export async function func1(): Promise<void> {
  console.info("taskpoolTest start");
  let strArray: Array<string> = ['c test string', 'b test string', 'a test string'];
  let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(strSort, strArray);
  console.info("func1 result:" + await taskpool.execute(task));
}

export async function func2(): Promise<void> {
  console.info("taskpoolTest2 start");
  let strArray: Array<string> = ['c test string', 'b test string', 'a test string'];
  taskpool.execute(strSort, strArray).then((result: Object) => {
    console.info("func2 result: " + result);
  }).catch((err: string) => {
    console.error("taskpool test occur error: " + err);
  });
}
```
<!--code_no_check-->
```ts
// index.ets
import { func1, func2 } from "./c";

func1();
func2();
```

**Example 5**

```ts
// Success in canceling a task
@Concurrent
function inspectStatus(arg: number): number {
  // Check whether the task has been canceled and respond accordingly.
  if (taskpool.Task.isCanceled()) {
    console.info("task has been canceled before 2s sleep.");
    return arg + 2;
  }
  // 2s sleep
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while (Date.now() - t < 2000) {
    continue;
  }
  // Check again whether the task has been canceled and respond accordingly.
  if (taskpool.Task.isCanceled()) {
    console.info("task has been canceled after 2s sleep.");
    return arg + 3;
  }
  return arg + 1;
}

async function taskpoolCancel(): Promise<void> {
  let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(inspectStatus, 100); // 100: test number
  taskpool.execute(task).then((res: Object) => {
    console.info("taskpool test result: " + res);
  }).catch((err: string) => {
    console.error("taskpool test occur error: " + err);
  });
  // Cancel the task 1s later.
  setTimeout(() => {
    try {
      taskpool.cancel(task);
    } catch (e) {
      console.error(`taskpool: cancel error code: ${e.code}, info: ${e.message}`);
    }
  }, 1000);
}

taskpoolCancel();
```

**Example 6**

```ts
// Failure to cancel a task that has been executed
@Concurrent
function inspectStatus(arg: number): number {
  // Check whether the task has been canceled and respond accordingly.
  if (taskpool.Task.isCanceled()) {
    return arg + 2;
  }
  // Wait for 2s.
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while (Date.now() - t < 500) {
    continue;
  }
  // Check again whether the task has been canceled and respond accordingly.
  if (taskpool.Task.isCanceled()) {
    return arg + 3;
  }
  return arg + 1;
}

async function taskpoolCancel(): Promise<void> {
  let task: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(inspectStatus, 100); // 100: test number
  taskpool.execute(task).then((res: Object) => {
    console.info("taskpool test result: " + res);
  }).catch((err: string) => {
    console.error("taskpool test occur error: " + err);
  });

  setTimeout(() => {
    try {
      taskpool.cancel(task); // The task has been executed and fails to be canceled.
    } catch (e) {
      console.error(`taskpool: cancel error code: ${e.code}, info: ${e.message}`);
    }
  }, 3000); // Wait for 3s to ensure that the task has been executed.
}

taskpoolCancel();
```

**Example 7**

```ts
// Success of canceling a task group to be executed
@Concurrent
function printArgs(args: number): number {
  let t: number = Date.now();
  while (Date.now() - t < 1000) {
    continue;
  }
  console.info("printArgs: " + args);
  return args;
}

async function taskpoolGroupCancelTest(): Promise<void> {
  let taskGroup1: taskpool.TaskGroup = new taskpool.TaskGroup();
  taskGroup1.addTask(printArgs, 10); // 10: test number
  taskGroup1.addTask(printArgs, 20); // 20: test number
  taskGroup1.addTask(printArgs, 30); // 30: test number
  let taskGroup2: taskpool.TaskGroup = new taskpool.TaskGroup();
  let task1: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, 100); // 100: test number
  let task2: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, 200); // 200: test number
  let task3: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(printArgs, 300); // 300: test number
  taskGroup2.addTask(task1);
  taskGroup2.addTask(task2);
  taskGroup2.addTask(task3);
  taskpool.execute(taskGroup1).then((res: Array<Object>) => {
    console.info("taskpool execute res is:" + res);
  }).catch((e: string) => {
    console.error("taskpool execute error is:" + e);
  });
  taskpool.execute(taskGroup2).then((res: Array<Object>) => {
    console.info("taskpool execute res is:" + res);
  }).catch((e: string) => {
    console.error("taskpool execute error is:" + e);
  });

  try {
    taskpool.cancel(taskGroup2);
  } catch (e) {
    console.error(`taskpool: cancel error code: ${e.code}, info: ${e.message}`);
  }
}

taskpoolGroupCancelTest()
```

**Example 8**

```ts
// Create and execute 100 tasks with different priorities, and view their information.
@Concurrent
function delay(): void {
  let start: number = new Date().getTime();
  while (new Date().getTime() - start < 500) {
    continue;
  }
}

let highCount: number = 0;
let mediumCount: number = 0;
let lowCount: number = 0;
let allCount: number = 100;
for (let i = 0; i < allCount; i++) {
  let task1: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(delay);
  let task2: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(delay);
  let task3: taskpool.Task = new taskpool.Task(delay);
  taskpool.execute(task1, taskpool.Priority.LOW).then(() => {
    lowCount++;
  }).catch((e: string) => {
    console.error("low task error: " + e);
  })
  taskpool.execute(task2, taskpool.Priority.MEDIUM).then(() => {
    mediumCount++;
  }).catch((e: string) => {
    console.error("medium task error: " + e);
  })
  taskpool.execute(task3, taskpool.Priority.HIGH).then(() => {
    highCount++;
  }).catch((e: string) => {
    console.error("high task error: " + e);
  })
}
let start: number = new Date().getTime();
while (new Date().getTime() - start < 1000) {
  continue;
}
let taskpoolInfo: taskpool.TaskPoolInfo = taskpool.getTaskPoolInfo();
let tid: number = 0;
let taskIds: Array<number> = [];
let priority: number = 0;
let taskId: number = 0;
let state: number = 0;
let duration: number = 0;
let name: string = "";
let threadIS = Array.from(taskpoolInfo.threadInfos)
for (let threadInfo of threadIS) {
  tid = threadInfo.tid;
  if (threadInfo.taskIds != undefined && threadInfo.priority != undefined) {
    taskIds.length = threadInfo.taskIds.length;
    priority = threadInfo.priority;
  }
  console.info("taskpool---tid is:" + tid + ", taskIds is:" + taskIds + ", priority is:" + priority);
}
let taskIS = Array.from(taskpoolInfo.taskInfos)
for (let taskInfo of taskIS) {
  taskId = taskInfo.taskId;
  state = taskInfo.state;
  if (taskInfo.duration != undefined) {
    duration = taskInfo.duration;
    name = taskInfo.name;
  }
  console.info("taskpool---taskId is:" + taskId + ", state is:" + state + ", duration is:" + duration + ", name is:" + name);
}
```