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1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD stable/14.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
1520241203:
16	14.2-RELEASE.
17
1820240419:
19	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
20	been upgraded to 18.1.6. It is important that you run `make delete-old`
21	as described in the COMMON ITEMS section, otherwise several libc++
22	headers that are obsolete and need to be removed can cause compilation
23	errors in C++ programs.
24
2520240415:
26	MFC e0f3dc82727f: If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will
27	need to update your loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this
28	point.  Detection of ACPI was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts
29	could use it, but old binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no
30	ACPI' in this case.
31
3220240218:
33	MFC of 713db49d06de changed 'struct ieee80211vap' internals in net80211.
34	Given we do not have enough spares and the struct is allocated by
35	drivers, all wireless drivers have to be recompiled.
36	__FreeBSD_version is updated to 1400509 to track this change.
37
3820240207:
39	sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged.  This version enforces
40	stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
41	endings.  This may cause issues with receiving messages from
42	non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
43	contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
44
4520240202:
46	Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
47	Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
48	moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
49	loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
50
51	The following sequencing is applied:
52
53	1. Bootstrap:
54	    /boot/defaults/loader.conf
55
56	2. Read loader_conf_files files:
57	    /boot/device.hints
58	    /boot/loader.conf
59
60	3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
61	    /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
62
63	4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
64	    /boot/loader.conf.local
65
6620240119:
67	Commit d34f4baaf138 changed the internal interface between
68	the nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both need to be
69	rebuilt from sources.  Therefore, bump __FreeBSD_version
70	to 1400506.
71
7220231229:
73	Commit 925d9b3abac2 modified the internal API between
74	the nfscommon and nfscl modules.
75	As such, both of these modules need to be rebuilt from
76	sources.  Therefore, the __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
77	to 1400503.
78
7920231224:
80	Commits acc704b36192 and b8e137d8d32d both modified the
81	internal API between the kgssapi and krpc modules.
82	As such, both of these modules need to be rebuilt from
83	sources.
84	As such, __FreeBSD_version has been bumped to 1400502.
85
8620231113:
87	The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed.  When LLD is enabled
88	it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
89
9020230924:
91	Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
92	default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
93
94
9520230924:
96	Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
97	internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
98	installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
99	for these file moves:
100
101		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
102		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
103		pkg upgrade -y
104
10520230824:
106	__FreeBSD_version 1400097 after the branching stable/14 from main.
107
10820230817:
109	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
110	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
111	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
112	configuration.
113
114	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
115	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
116	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
117	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
118	with the serial port at 115200.
119
12020230807:
121	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
122	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
123	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
124	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
125	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
126
12720230803:
128	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
129	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
130
13120230724:
132	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
133	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
134	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
135	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
136	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
137
13820230629:
139	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
140	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
141	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
142	file a PR and assign it to imp.
143
14420230623:
145	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
146	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
147	after upgrading.
148
14920230619:
150	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
151	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
152	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
153	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
154
155		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
156		service pf restart
157
158	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
159	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
160
16120230613:
162	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
163	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
164	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
165	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
166	already properly quoted or escaped.
167
16820230612:
169	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
170	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
171	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
172	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
173	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
174	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
175	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
176	please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
177
178	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
179	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
180
18120230422:
182	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
183	using git instead.
184
18520230420:
186	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
187	eg.
188		make buildworld-jobs
189	runs
190		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
191
192	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
193
19420230316:
195	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
196	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
197	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
198	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
199	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
200	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
201	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
202	exist anymore.
203
20420230221:
205	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
206	for details.
207
20820230206:
209	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
210	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
211	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
212
21320230204:
214	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
215	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
216
21720230130:
218	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
219	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
220	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
221
22220230126:
223	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
224	system are now built unconditionally.
225
22620230113:
227	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
228	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
229
23020221212:
231	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
232	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
233
234	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
235	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
236	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
237
23820221205:
239	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
240	to reenable sendmail(8):
241
242	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
243
244	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
245
24620221204:
247	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
248	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
249	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
250	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
251	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
252	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
253
254	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
255
25620221122:
257	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
258	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
259	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
260
26120221121:
262	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
263	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
264
26520221026:
266	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
267	for pkgbase users to do:
268
269	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
270	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
271
272	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
273	installed.
274
27520221002:
276	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
277	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
278	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
279	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
280
28120220610:
282	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
283	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
284
28520211230:
286	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
287	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
288	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
289	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
290	reflect this change.
291
29220211214:
293	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
294	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
295
29620211209:
297	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
298	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
299	the coming days and weeks.
300
301	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
302	or touch
303		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
304		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
305		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
306		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
307	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
308
30920211202:
310	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
311	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
312	statement in unbound.conf:
313		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
314
315	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
316
317	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
318	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
319	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
320	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
321	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
322	such names when roaming to different homenets.
323
32420211118:
325	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
326	tree shortly.
327
32820211110:
329	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
330	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
331	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
332	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
333	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
334	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
335	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
336	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
337	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
338	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
339	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
340
34120211106:
342	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
343	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
344	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
345	may need to be modified.
346
34720211022:
348	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
349	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
350	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
351
35220211020:
353	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
354	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
355
356	# chsh -s csh
357
35820211004:
359	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
360	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
361	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
362	this change.
363
36420210923:
365	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
366	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
367	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
368	list of modules to load on their systems.
369
37020210922:
371	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
372	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
373	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
374	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
375
37620210911:
377	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
378	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
379	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
380	being loaded.
381
38220210817:
383	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
384	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
385	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
386	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
387	application-specific configuration option for applications
388	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
389
39020210811:
391	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
392	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
393
39420210730:
395	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
396	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
397	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
398	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
399
40020210729:
401	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
402	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
403	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
404
40520210716:
406	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
407	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
408	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
409
41020210715:
411	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
412	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
413	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
414	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
415	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
416	to update your sources past the above hash and do
417		% cd usr.bin/awk
418		% make clean all
419		% sudo -E make install
420	to enable building kernels again.
421
42220210708:
423	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
424	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
425	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
426
42720210707:
428	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
429	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
430
43120210624:
432	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
433	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
434	for NFSv4 mounts.
435	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
436
43720210618:
438	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
439	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
440	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
441	additions and others.
442
44320210618:
444	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
445	renamed to "untrusted".
446
44720210611:
448	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
449	please install the svn package or port.
450
45120210611:
452	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
453	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
454	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
455
45620210610:
457	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
458
45920210608:
460	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
461	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
462https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
463	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
464	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
465	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
466	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
467
46820210525:
469	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
470	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
471	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
472	detect this.
473
47420210513:
475	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
476	libraries and utilities are packaged.
477	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
478	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
479	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
480	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
481	on the system.
482
48320210426:
484	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
485	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
486	need to be rebuilt from sources.
487	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
488	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
489	is not recommended.
490
49120210411:
492	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
493	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
494	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
495	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
496	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
497	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
498
49920210330:
500	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
501	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
502	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
503	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
504
50520210225:
506	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
507	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
508	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
509
51020210128:
511	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
512	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
513	update.
514
51520210108:
516	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
517	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
518	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
519	since it was bumped so recently.
520
52120210107:
522	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
523	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
524	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
525	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
526
52720210105:
528	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
529	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
530	requires a clean build.
531
53220201223:
533	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
534	instructions can be found at
535	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
536	and other documents in that repo.
537
53820201216:
539	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
540	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
541	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
542	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
543
54420201215:
545	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
546	may be installed from ports or packages.
547
54820201124:
549	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
550	See ping(8) for details.
551
55220201108:
553	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
554	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
555	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
556
55720201030:
558	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
559	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
560	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
561	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
562	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
563
56420201026:
565	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
566	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
567	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
568	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
569	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
570	find.
571
57220200923:
573	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
574	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
575	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
576	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
577
578	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
579	command you want to un-auger the tree is
580		cd sys/amd64/conf
581		svn revert -R .
582	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
583	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
584
58520200824:
586	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
587	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
588	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
589	unless you  want to use new features.
590
591	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
592	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
593	rebuilding world may fail.
594
595	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
596	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
597
598	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
599	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
600	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
601	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
602
60320200824:
604	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
605	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
606	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
607	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
608
60920200821:
610	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
611	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
612	sources.
613
61420200817:
615	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
616	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
617
61820200816:
619	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
620	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
621	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
622	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
623
62420200810:
625	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
626	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
627	from sources, so a version bump was done.
628
62920200807:
630	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
631	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
632	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
633	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
634
63520200729:
636	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
637	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
638	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
639	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
640	continue to function.
641
642	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
643	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
644	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
645	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
646
64720200627:
648	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
649	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
650	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
651	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
652	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
653	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
654	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
655
65620200625:
657	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
658	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
659
66020200613:
661	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
662	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
663	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
664
66520200604:
666	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
667	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
668	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
669	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
670
671	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
672	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
673	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
674	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
675	/root/.shrc.
676
67720200523:
678	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
679	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
680	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
681	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
682
68320200512:
684	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
685	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
686
68720200424:
688	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
689	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
690	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
691	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
692	be functional without closefrom(2).
693
69420200414:
695	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
696	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
697	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
698	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
699	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
700	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
701
70220200310:
703	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
704	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
705	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
706	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
707
70820200309:
709	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
710	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
711	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
712
71320200301:
714	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
715
71620200229:
717	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
718	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
719	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
720
72120200229:
722	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
723	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
724
72520200229:
726	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
727	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
728	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
729	ports or packages.
730
73120200220:
732	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
733	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
734	ncurses.
735
73620200217:
737	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
738	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
739	together with their new kernel.
740
74120200212:
742	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
743	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
744	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
745
746	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
747	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
748
74920200108:
750	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
751	linker for riscv64.
752
75320200107:
754	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
755	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
756	external toolchain package.
757
75820200104:
759	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
760	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
761	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
762	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
763	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
764
76520200102:
766	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
767	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
768	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
769	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
770
77120191226:
772	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
773	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
774	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
775	ABI.
776
77720191226:
778	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
779
78020191222:
781	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
782	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
783	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
784	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
785
78620191212:
787	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
788	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
789	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
790
79120191205:
792	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
793	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
794	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
795	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
796	differences between those included in the port and those included in
797	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
798	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
799	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
800
80120191120:
802	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
803	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
804	for automounting.
805
80620191107:
807	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
808	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
809	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
810	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
811	add superio to the set.
812
81320191021:
814	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
815	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
816
81720191021:
818	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
819	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
820	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
821	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
822	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
823	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
824	completely in the future.
825
82620191009:
827	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
828	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
829	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
830	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
831	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
832	will be removed from the list.
833
83420191009:
835	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
836	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
837	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
838	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
839
84020191003:
841	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
842	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
843	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
844	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
845
84620190913:
847	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
848	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
849	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
850	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
851
85220190823:
853	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
854	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
855	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
856
85720190727:
858	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
859	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
860	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
861	your scripts, because they had no effect.
862
863	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
864	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
865	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
866	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
867	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
868
86920190713:
870	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
871	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
872	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
873	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
874	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
875	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
876	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
877
87820190620:
879	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
880	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
881	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
882	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
883
88420190612:
885	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
886	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
887	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
888	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
889
89020190608:
891	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
892	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
893	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
894
89520190513:
896	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
897	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
898	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
899	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
900	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
901	avoid running into the limit.
902
90320190507:
904	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
905	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
906
90720190507:
908	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
909	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
910	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
911	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
912	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
913	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
914
91520190418:
916	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
917	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
918	entropy:
919
920	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
921	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
922	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
923	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
924	availability properties.
925
926	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
927	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
928	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
929	initial condition, if desired.
930
931	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
932	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
933
934	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
935	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
936	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
937	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
938
93920190416:
940	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
941	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
942	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
943	therefore unblocked).
944
94520190404:
946	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
947	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
948	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
949	is added to the command line.
950	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
951	not affected and should continue to work.
952
95320190320:
954	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
955	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
956	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
957	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
958
95920190304:
960	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
961	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
962	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
963	or higher.
964
96520190226:
966	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
967	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
968	kernel config.
969
97020190219:
971	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
972	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
973	migrating to the drm ports.
974
97520190131:
976	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
977	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
978	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
979	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
980	is loaded automatically.
981
98220190125:
983	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
984	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
985	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
986	kernel config files.
987
98820181230:
989	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
990	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
991	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
992	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
993
99420181220:
995	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
996	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
997	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
998	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
999	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
1000	most NFSv4 mounts.
1001
100220181219:
1003	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
1004	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
1005	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1006
1007	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1008	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1009
1010	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1011	removed from the mips port.
1012
101320181211:
1014	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1015	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1016	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1017	or higher.
1018
101920181211:
1020	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
1021	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1022
102320181126:
1024	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1025	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1026	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
1027	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1028
102920181123:
1030	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1031	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1032	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1033
103420181115:
1035	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1036	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1037	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1038	FreeBSD versions.
1039
104020181110:
1041	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1042	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1043	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1044
1045	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1046	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1047	being included using the command:
1048		$ newsyslog -Nrv
1049
105020181015:
1051	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1052	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1053	drm-legacy-kmod.
1054
1055	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1056	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1057	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1058	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1059	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1060	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1061	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1062	that as you will get better support.
1063
1064	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1065	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1066	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1067	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1068
1069	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1070	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1071	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1072	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1073	shortly.
1074
107520181012:
1076	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1077	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1078	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1079	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1080	be adjusted as necessary.
1081
108220181009:
1083	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1084	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1085	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1086	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1087
108820181006:
1089	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1090	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1091	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1092	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1093	encouraged.
1094
109520181002:
1096	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1097	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1098	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1099	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1100	nda device name.
1101
110220180913:
1103	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1104	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1105	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1106	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1107	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1108	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1109
111020180826:
1111	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1112	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1113	default since FreeBSD-11.
1114
111520180822:
1116	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1117	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1118	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1119
112020180818:
1121	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1122	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1123	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1124	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1125	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1126	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1127	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1128
1129	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1130	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1131
113220180815:
1133	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1134	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1135	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1136	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1137	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1138	may not be observed in a future release.
1139
114020180808:
1141	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1142	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1143	your environment.
1144
114520180731:
1146	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1147	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1148	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1149	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1150
115120180730:
1152	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1153	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1154	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1155	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1156	runtime services.
1157
115820180727:
1159	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1160	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1161	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1162
116320180723:
1164	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1165	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1166	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1167	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1168	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1169
117020180720:
1171	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1172	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1173	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1174	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1175	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1176	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1177
117820180719:
1179	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1180	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1181	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1182	boot_serial=YES
1183	boot_multicons=YES
1184	in /boot/loader.conf
1185	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1186	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1187	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1188
118920180719:
1190	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1191	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1192	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1193	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1194	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1195	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1196	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1197	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1198	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1199	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1200	by the ntpd user.
1201
120220180717:
1203	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1204
120520180711:
1206	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1207	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1208	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1209	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1210	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1211
121220180705:
1213	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1214	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1215	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1216	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1217	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1218	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1219
122020180702:
1221	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1222	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1223
122420180701:
1225	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1226	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1227	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1228	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1229	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1230	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1231	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1232
123320180630:
1234	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1235	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1236	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1237	or higher.
1238
123920180628:
1240	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1241	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1242	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1243	file.
1244
124520180612:
1246	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1247	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1248
124920180530:
1250	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1251	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1252	longer necessary.
1253
125420180530:
1255	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1256	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1257	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1258	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1259
126020180523:
1261	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1262	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1263	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1264	later than r334108.
1265
126620180517:
1267	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1268	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1269	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1270	it must be removed.
1271
127220180510:
1273	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1274	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1275	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1276	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1277	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1278	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1279	will go away.
1280
1281	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1282	workaround is necessary.
1283
128420180508:
1285	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1286	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1287	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1288	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1289
129020180504:
1291	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1292	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1293	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1294	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1295	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1296
129720180502:
1298	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1299	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1300	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1301	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1302
130320180501:
1304	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1305	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1306	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1307	be removed.
1308
130920180413:
1310	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1311	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1312	removed.
1313
131420180411:
1315	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1316	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1317	removed.
1318
131920180406:
1320	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1321	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1322	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1323	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1324	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1325
1326	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1327	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1328	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1329	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1330	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1331	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1332	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1333
1334	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1335	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1336
1337		source src {
1338			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1339		}
1340
1341	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1342	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1343	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1344
1345		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1346
1347	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1348	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1349	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1350	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1351	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1352	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1353	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1354
1355	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1356	change.
1357
135820180328:
1359	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1360	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1361	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1362
136320180323:
1364	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1365	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1366	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1367	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1368	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1369	should be as simple as:
1370
1371		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1372		$ make depend all install
1373
137420180212:
1375	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1376	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1377	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1378	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1379	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1380	provisions for backup boot methods.
1381
138220180211:
1383	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1384	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1385	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1386	imp@freebsd.org.
1387
138820180114:
1389	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1390	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1391	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1392	or higher.
1393
139420180110:
1395	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1396	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1397	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1398
1399	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1400	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1401
140220180110:
1403	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1404	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1405	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1406	remove it from kernel config files.
1407
140820180104:
1409	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1410	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1411	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1412
1413	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1414	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1415
141620180102:
1417	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1418	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1419	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1420	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1421
142220171215:
1423	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1424	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1425
142620171214:
1427	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1428	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1429	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1430	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1431
143220171125:
1433	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1434	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1435	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1436	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1437	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1438	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1439
144020171110:
1441	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1442	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1443	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1444
144520171106:
1446	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1447	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1448	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1449	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1450	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1451
145220171102:
1453	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1454	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1455	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1456	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1457	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1458	environment.
1459
146020171101:
1461	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1462	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1463	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1464	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1465	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1466	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1467	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1468	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1469	than hardcoding paths.
1470
147120171028:
1472	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1473	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1474	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1475
147620171021:
1477	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1478	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1479	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1480	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1481
148220171010:
1483	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1484	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1485
148620171005:
1487	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1488	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1489	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1490	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1491
149220171003:
1493	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1494	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1495	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1496	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1497	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1498
149920170912:
1500	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1501	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1502	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1503	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1504	/etc/ctl.conf .
1505
150620170912:
1507	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1508	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1509	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1510	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1511	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1512
151320170826:
1514	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1515	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1516
151720170825:
1518	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1519	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1520	to complete.
1521
152220170814:
1523	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1524	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1525	${TESTSDIR}.
1526
1527	Behavioral changes:
1528	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1529	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1530	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1531	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1532
1533	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1534	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1535	sandbox if successful.
1536
1537	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1538	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1539	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1540	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1541	an unprivileged user.
1542
154320170808:
1544	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1545	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1546	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1547	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1548	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1549	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1550	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1551	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1552	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1553	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1554	to which you should answer yes.
1555
155620170728:
1557	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1558	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1559	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1560	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1561	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1562
156320170722:
1564	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1565	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1566	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1567
156820170701:
1569	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1570	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1571
157220170625:
1573	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1574	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1575	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1576	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1577	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1578	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1579	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1580
158120170623:
1582	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1583	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1584	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1585	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1586	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1587	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1588
158920170620:
1590	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1591	if you require the GPL compiler.
1592
159320170618:
1594	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1595	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1596	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1597
159820170617:
1599	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1600	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1601	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1602	followed.
1603
160420170531:
1605	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1606	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1607	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1608	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1609	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1610	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1611
161220170524:
1613	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1614	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1615	which only require one chipset support.
1616
1617	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1618
1619	if_ath_load="YES"
1620
1621	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1622	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1623	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1624
1625	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1626	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1627
1628	* load ath_hal
1629	* load the chip modules in question
1630	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1631	* load ath_main
1632	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1633	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1634
1635	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1636
163720170523:
1638	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1639	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1640	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1641
1642	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1643	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1644	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1645
1646	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1647	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1648	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1649	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1650	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1651	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1652	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1653	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1654
165520170424:
1656	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1657	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1658	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1659
166020170420:
1661	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1662	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1663	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1664
166520170413:
1666	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1667	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1668	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1669	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1670	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1671	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1672	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1673
167420170407:
1675	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1676	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1677	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1678	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1679
168020170405:
1681	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1682	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1683	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1684
168520170331:
1686	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1687	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1688	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1689
169020170329:
1691	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1692	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1693
1694	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1695	via one of the following methods:
1696	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1697	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1698	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1699	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1700
1701	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1702
170320170316:
1704	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1705	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1706	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1707	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1708	with mmc.ko).
1709
171020170315:
1711	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1712	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1713	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1714	be prefixed with colon.
1715
171620170311:
1717	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1718	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1719	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1720
172120170302:
1722	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1723	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1724	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1725
172620170221:
1727	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1728	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1729	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1730	change.
1731
173220170216:
1733	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1734	valid.
1735
173620170215:
1737	MCA bus support has been removed.
1738
173920170127:
1740	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1741	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1742
174320170112:
1744	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1745	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1746
174720170109:
1748	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1749	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1750	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1751	configuration.
1752
175320161217:
1754	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1755	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1756	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1757
175820161124:
1759	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1760	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1761	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1762
176320161119:
1764	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1765	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1766	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1767
176820161030:
1769	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1770	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1771	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1772	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1773
177420161017:
1775	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1776	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1777	parts.
1778	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1779	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1780
178120161015:
1782	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1783	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1784	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1785	removed from base.
1786
178720161008:
1788	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1789	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1790	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1791
179220161003:
1793	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1794	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1795
179620160924:
1797	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1798	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1799	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1800	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1801
180220160918:
1803	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1804	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1805	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1806	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1807	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1808
180920160918:
1810	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1811
181220160908:
1813	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1814	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1815	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1816	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1817
181820160824:
1819	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1820	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1821	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1822	to 1200005.
1823
182420160818:
1825	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1826	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1827	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1828	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1829	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1830	0.
1831
183220160818:
1833	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1834	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1835
183620160708:
1837	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1838
1839After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1840from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1841entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1842UPDATING file.
1843
1844COMMON ITEMS:
1845
1846	General Notes
1847	-------------
1848	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1849	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1850	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1851	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1852	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1853	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1854	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1855	report a bug if it happens consistently.
1856
1857	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1858	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1859	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1860	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1861	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1862	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1863	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1864	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1865	an exception.
1866
1867	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1868	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1869	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1870	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1871	step.
1872
1873	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1874	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1875	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1876	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1877
1878	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1879	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1880	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1881	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1882	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1883	should write them with this in mind.
1884
1885	ZFS notes
1886	---------
1887	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1888	always follow these three steps:
1889
1890	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1891	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1892
1893	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1894	doing a zpool upgrade):
1895
1896	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1897	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1898		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1899	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1900
1901	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1902	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1903	zpool upgrade.
1904
1905	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1906
1907	EFI notes
1908	---------
1909
1910	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1911	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1912	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1913	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1914	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1915	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1916	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1917	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1918
1919	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1920	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1921	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1922	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1923
1924	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1925	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1926	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1927	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1928
1929	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1930
1931	To build a kernel
1932	-----------------
1933	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1934	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1935	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1936
1937	make kernel-toolchain
1938	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1939	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1940
1941	If you are running kernel modules from ports, see FOOTNOTE [1].
1942
1943	To test a kernel once
1944	---------------------
1945	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1946	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1947	debugging information) run
1948	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1949	nextboot -k testkernel
1950
1951	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1952	-----------------------------------------------------------
1953	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1954	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1955
1956	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1957	make buildworld
1958	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1959	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
1960	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1961	etcupdate -p					[5]
1962	make installworld
1963	etcupdate -B					[4]
1964	make delete-old					[6]
1965	<reboot>
1966
1967	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1968	--------------------------------------------------
1969	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1970	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1971	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1972	# size.
1973
1974	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1975	<boot into -stable>
1976	make buildworld
1977	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
1978	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1979	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1980	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1981	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1982	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1983	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1984	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1985	<reboot into current>
1986	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1987	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1988	<reboot>
1989
1990
1991	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1992	----------------------------------------------
1993	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1994	make buildworld					[9]
1995	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
1996	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
1997	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1998	etcupdate -p					[5]
1999	make installworld
2000	etcupdate -B					[4]
2001	make delete-old					[6]
2002	<reboot>
2003
2004	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2005	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2006	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2007	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2008	the UPDATING entries.
2009
2010	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2011	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2012	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2013	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2014	much fewer pitfalls.
2015
2016FOOTNOTES:
2017
2018	[1] If you have third party modules, such as drm-kmod or vmware, you
2019	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2020	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2021	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2022	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2023	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2024	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2025	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2026	and effective, eg:
2027	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2028
2029	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2030		fsck -p
2031		mount -u /
2032		mount -a
2033		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2034		cd src			# full path to source
2035		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2036	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2037	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2038
2039	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2040	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2041	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2042	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2043	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2044	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2045
2046	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2047	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2048	step.
2049
2050	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2051	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2052	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2053
2054	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2055	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2056	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2057	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2058	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2059	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2060	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2061	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2062
2063	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2064	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2065	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2066	for these as well.
2067
2068	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2069	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2070	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2071
2072	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2073	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2074	warn if it is improperly defined.
2075FORMAT:
2076
2077This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2078breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2079list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2080If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2081to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2082
2083Copyright information:
2084
2085Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2086
2087Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2088modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2089document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2090
2091THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2092IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2093WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2094DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2095INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2096(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2097SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2098HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2099STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2100IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2101POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2102
2103Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2104this document.
2105