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1 /* MIT License
2  *
3  * Copyright (c) 2023 Brad House
4  *
5  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
6  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
7  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
8  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
9  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
10  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
11  *
12  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
13  * paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
14  * Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
19  * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
22  * SOFTWARE.
23  *
24  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
25  */
26 #ifndef __ARES__BUF_H
27 #define __ARES__BUF_H
28 
29 #include "ares.h"
30 #include "ares_array.h"
31 
32 /*! \addtogroup ares_buf Safe Data Builder and buffer
33  *
34  * This is a buffer building and parsing framework with a focus on security over
35  * performance. All data to be read from the buffer will perform explicit length
36  * validation and return a success/fail result.  There are also various helpers
37  * for writing data to the buffer which dynamically grows.
38  *
39  * All operations that fetch or consume data from the buffer will move forward
40  * the internal pointer, thus marking the data as processed which may no longer
41  * be accessible after certain operations (such as append).
42  *
43  * The helpers for this object are meant to be added as needed.  If you can't
44  * find it, write it!
45  *
46  * @{
47  */
48 struct ares_buf;
49 
50 /*! Opaque data type for generic hash table implementation */
51 typedef struct ares_buf     ares_buf_t;
52 
53 /*! Create a new buffer object that dynamically allocates buffers for data.
54  *
55  *  \return initialized buffer object or NULL if out of memory.
56  */
57 CARES_EXTERN ares_buf_t    *ares_buf_create(void);
58 
59 /*! Create a new buffer object that uses a user-provided data pointer.  The
60  *  data provided will not be manipulated, and cannot be appended to.  This
61  *  is strictly used for parsing.
62  *
63  *  \param[in] data     Data to provide to buffer, must not be NULL.
64  *  \param[in] data_len Size of buffer provided, must be > 0
65  *
66  *  \return initialized buffer object or NULL if out of memory or misuse.
67  */
68 CARES_EXTERN ares_buf_t    *ares_buf_create_const(const unsigned char *data,
69                                                   size_t               data_len);
70 
71 
72 /*! Destroy an initialized buffer object.
73  *
74  *  \param[in] buf  Initialized buf object
75  */
76 CARES_EXTERN void           ares_buf_destroy(ares_buf_t *buf);
77 
78 
79 /*! Append multiple bytes to a dynamic buffer object
80  *
81  *  \param[in] buf      Initialized buffer object
82  *  \param[in] data     Data to copy to buffer object
83  *  \param[in] data_len Length of data to copy to buffer object.
84  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
85  */
86 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t  ares_buf_append(ares_buf_t          *buf,
87                                             const unsigned char *data,
88                                             size_t               data_len);
89 
90 /*! Append a single byte to the dynamic buffer object
91  *
92  *  \param[in] buf      Initialized buffer object
93  *  \param[in] b        Single byte to append to buffer object.
94  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
95  */
96 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t  ares_buf_append_byte(ares_buf_t   *buf,
97                                                  unsigned char b);
98 
99 /*! Append a null-terminated string to the dynamic buffer object
100  *
101  *  \param[in] buf      Initialized buffer object
102  *  \param[in] str      String to append to buffer object.
103  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
104  */
105 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t  ares_buf_append_str(ares_buf_t *buf,
106                                                 const char *str);
107 
108 /*! Append a 16bit Big Endian number to the buffer.
109  *
110  *  \param[in]  buf     Initialized buffer object
111  *  \param[out] u16     16bit integer
112  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
113  */
114 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t  ares_buf_append_be16(ares_buf_t    *buf,
115                                                  unsigned short u16);
116 
117 /*! Append a 32bit Big Endian number to the buffer.
118  *
119  *  \param[in]  buf     Initialized buffer object
120  *  \param[out] u32     32bit integer
121  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
122  */
123 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t  ares_buf_append_be32(ares_buf_t  *buf,
124                                                  unsigned int u32);
125 
126 /*! Append a number in ASCII decimal form.
127  *
128  *  \param[in] buf  Initialized buffer object
129  *  \param[in] num  Number to print
130  *  \param[in] len  Length to output, use 0 for no padding
131  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS on success
132  */
133 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t  ares_buf_append_num_dec(ares_buf_t *buf, size_t num,
134                                                     size_t len);
135 
136 /*! Append a number in ASCII hexadecimal form.
137  *
138  *  \param[in] buf  Initialized buffer object
139  *  \param[in] num  Number to print
140  *  \param[in] len  Length to output, use 0 for no padding
141  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS on success
142  */
143 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t  ares_buf_append_num_hex(ares_buf_t *buf, size_t num,
144                                                     size_t len);
145 
146 /*! Sets the current buffer length.  This *may* be used if there is a need to
147  *  override a prior position in the buffer, such as if there is a length
148  *  prefix that isn't easily predictable, and you must go back and overwrite
149  *  that position.
150  *
151  *  Only valid on non-const buffers.  Length provided must not exceed current
152  *  allocated buffer size, but otherwise there are very few protections on
153  *  this function.  Use cautiously.
154  *
155  *  \param[in]  buf  Initialized buffer object
156  *  \param[in]  len  Length to set
157  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
158  */
159 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t  ares_buf_set_length(ares_buf_t *buf, size_t len);
160 
161 
162 /*! Start a dynamic append operation that returns a buffer suitable for
163  *  writing.  A desired minimum length is passed in, and the actual allocated
164  *  buffer size is returned which may be greater than the requested size.
165  *  No operation other than ares_buf_append_finish() is allowed on the
166  *  buffer after this request.
167  *
168  *  \param[in]     buf     Initialized buffer object
169  *  \param[in,out] len     Desired non-zero length passed in, actual buffer size
170  *                         returned.
171  *  \return Pointer to writable buffer or NULL on failure (usage, out of mem)
172  */
173 CARES_EXTERN unsigned char *ares_buf_append_start(ares_buf_t *buf, size_t *len);
174 
175 /*! Finish a dynamic append operation.  Called after
176  *  ares_buf_append_start() once desired data is written.
177  *
178  *  \param[in] buf    Initialized buffer object.
179  *  \param[in] len    Length of data written.  May be zero to terminate
180  *                    operation. Must not be greater than returned from
181  *                    ares_buf_append_start().
182  */
183 CARES_EXTERN void           ares_buf_append_finish(ares_buf_t *buf, size_t len);
184 
185 /*! Write the data provided to the buffer in a hexdump format.
186  *
187  *  \param[in] buf      Initialized buffer object.
188  *  \param[in] data     Data to hex dump
189  *  \param[in] len      Length of data to hexdump
190  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS on success.
191  */
192 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t  ares_buf_hexdump(ares_buf_t          *buf,
193                                              const unsigned char *data,
194                                              size_t               len);
195 
196 /*! Clean up ares_buf_t and return allocated pointer to unprocessed data.  It
197  *  is the responsibility of the  caller to ares_free() the returned buffer.
198  *  The passed in buf parameter is invalidated by this call.
199  *
200  * \param[in]  buf    Initialized buffer object. Can not be a "const" buffer.
201  * \param[out] len    Length of data returned
202  * \return pointer to unprocessed data (may be zero length) or NULL on error.
203  */
204 CARES_EXTERN unsigned char *ares_buf_finish_bin(ares_buf_t *buf, size_t *len);
205 
206 /*! Clean up ares_buf_t and return allocated pointer to unprocessed data and
207  *  return it as a string (null terminated).  It is the responsibility of the
208  *  caller to ares_free() the returned buffer. The passed in buf parameter is
209  *  invalidated by this call.
210  *
211  *  This function in no way validates the data in this buffer is actually
212  *  a string, that characters are printable, or that there aren't multiple
213  *  NULL terminators.  It is assumed that the caller will either validate that
214  *  themselves or has built this buffer with only a valid character set.
215  *
216  * \param[in]  buf    Initialized buffer object. Can not be a "const" buffer.
217  * \param[out] len    Optional. Length of data returned, or NULL if not needed.
218  * \return pointer to unprocessed data or NULL on error.
219  */
220 CARES_EXTERN char          *ares_buf_finish_str(ares_buf_t *buf, size_t *len);
221 
222 /*! Replace the given search byte sequence with the replacement byte sequence.
223  *  This is only valid for allocated buffers, not const buffers.  Will replace
224  *  all byte sequences starting at the current offset to the end of the buffer.
225  *
226  *  \param[in]  buf       Initialized buffer object. Can not be a "const" buffer.
227  *  \param[in]  srch      Search byte sequence, must not be NULL.
228  *  \param[in]  srch_size Size of byte sequence, must not be zero.
229  *  \param[in]  rplc      Byte sequence to use as replacement.  May be NULL if
230  *                        rplc_size is zero.
231  *  \param[in]  rplc_size Size of replacement byte sequence, may be 0.
232  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS on success, otherwise on may return failure only on
233  *          memory allocation failure or misuse.  Will not return indication
234  *          if any replacements occurred
235  */
236 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t  ares_buf_replace(ares_buf_t *buf,
237                                              const unsigned char *srch,
238                                              size_t srch_size,
239                                              const unsigned char *rplc,
240                                              size_t rplc_size);
241 
242 /*! Tag a position to save in the buffer in case parsing needs to rollback,
243  *  such as if insufficient data is available, but more data may be added in
244  *  the future.  Only a single tag can be set per buffer object.  Setting a
245  *  tag will override any pre-existing tag.
246  *
247  *  \param[in] buf Initialized buffer object
248  */
249 CARES_EXTERN void           ares_buf_tag(ares_buf_t *buf);
250 
251 /*! Rollback to a tagged position.  Will automatically clear the tag.
252  *
253  *  \param[in] buf Initialized buffer object
254  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
255  */
256 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t  ares_buf_tag_rollback(ares_buf_t *buf);
257 
258 /*! Clear the tagged position without rolling back.  You should do this any
259  *  time a tag is no longer needed as future append operations can reclaim
260  *  buffer space.
261  *
262  *  \param[in] buf Initialized buffer object
263  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
264  */
265 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t  ares_buf_tag_clear(ares_buf_t *buf);
266 
267 /*! Fetch the buffer and length of data starting from the tagged position up
268  *  to the _current_ position.  It will not unset the tagged position.  The
269  *  data may be invalidated by any future ares_buf_*() calls.
270  *
271  *  \param[in]  buf    Initialized buffer object
272  *  \param[out] len    Length between tag and current offset in buffer
273  *  \return NULL on failure (such as no tag), otherwise pointer to start of
274  *          buffer
275  */
276 CARES_EXTERN const unsigned char *ares_buf_tag_fetch(const ares_buf_t *buf,
277                                                      size_t           *len);
278 
279 /*! Get the length of the current tag offset to the current position.
280  *
281  *  \param[in]  buf    Initialized buffer object
282  *  \return length
283  */
284 CARES_EXTERN size_t               ares_buf_tag_length(const ares_buf_t *buf);
285 
286 /*! Fetch the bytes starting from the tagged position up to the _current_
287  *  position using the provided buffer.  It will not unset the tagged position.
288  *
289  *  \param[in]     buf    Initialized buffer object
290  *  \param[in,out] bytes  Buffer to hold data
291  *  \param[in,out] len    On input, buffer size, on output, bytes place in
292  *                        buffer.
293  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS if fetched, ARES_EFORMERR if insufficient buffer size
294  */
295 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_tag_fetch_bytes(const ares_buf_t *buf,
296                                                     unsigned char    *bytes,
297                                                     size_t           *len);
298 
299 /*! Fetch the bytes starting from the tagged position up to the _current_
300  *  position as a NULL-terminated string using the provided buffer.  The data
301  *  is validated to be ASCII-printable data.  It will not unset the tagged
302  *  position.
303  *
304  *  \param[in]     buf    Initialized buffer object
305  *  \param[in,out] str    Buffer to hold data
306  *  \param[in]     len    buffer size
307  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS if fetched, ARES_EFORMERR if insufficient buffer size,
308  *          ARES_EBADSTR if not printable ASCII
309  */
310 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_tag_fetch_string(const ares_buf_t *buf,
311                                                      char *str, size_t len);
312 
313 /*! Fetch the bytes starting from the tagged position up to the _current_
314  *  position as a NULL-terminated string and placed into a newly allocated
315  *  buffer.  The data is validated to be ASCII-printable data.  It will not
316  *  unset the tagged position.
317  *
318  *  \param[in]  buf    Initialized buffer object
319  *  \param[out] str    New buffer to hold output, free with ares_free()
320  *
321  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS if fetched, ARES_EFORMERR if insufficient buffer size,
322  *          ARES_EBADSTR if not printable ASCII
323  */
324 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_tag_fetch_strdup(const ares_buf_t *buf,
325                                                      char            **str);
326 
327 /*! Fetch the bytes starting from the tagged position up to the _current_
328  *  position as const buffer.  Care must be taken to not append or destroy the
329  *  passed in buffer until the newly fetched buffer is no longer needed since
330  *  it points to memory inside the passed in buffer which could be invalidated.
331  *
332  *  \param[in]     buf    Initialized buffer object
333  *  \param[out]    newbuf New const buffer object, must be destroyed when done.
334 
335  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS if fetched
336  */
337 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_tag_fetch_constbuf(const ares_buf_t *buf,
338                                                        ares_buf_t **newbuf);
339 
340 /*! Consume the given number of bytes without reading them.
341  *
342  *  \param[in] buf    Initialized buffer object
343  *  \param[in] len    Length to consume
344  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
345  */
346 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_consume(ares_buf_t *buf, size_t len);
347 
348 /*! Fetch a 16bit Big Endian number from the buffer.
349  *
350  *  \param[in]  buf     Initialized buffer object
351  *  \param[out] u16     Buffer to hold 16bit integer
352  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
353  */
354 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_fetch_be16(ares_buf_t     *buf,
355                                                unsigned short *u16);
356 
357 /*! Fetch a 32bit Big Endian number from the buffer.
358  *
359  *  \param[in]  buf     Initialized buffer object
360  *  \param[out] u32     Buffer to hold 32bit integer
361  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
362  */
363 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_fetch_be32(ares_buf_t   *buf,
364                                                unsigned int *u32);
365 
366 
367 /*! Fetch the requested number of bytes into the provided buffer
368  *
369  *  \param[in]  buf     Initialized buffer object
370  *  \param[out] bytes   Buffer to hold data
371  *  \param[in]  len     Requested number of bytes (must be > 0)
372  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
373  */
374 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_fetch_bytes(ares_buf_t    *buf,
375                                                 unsigned char *bytes,
376                                                 size_t         len);
377 
378 
379 /*! Fetch the requested number of bytes and return a new buffer that must be
380  *  ares_free()'d by the caller.
381  *
382  *  \param[in]  buf       Initialized buffer object
383  *  \param[in]  len       Requested number of bytes (must be > 0)
384  *  \param[in]  null_term Even though this is considered binary data, the user
385  *                        knows it may be a vald string, so add a null
386  *                        terminator.
387  *  \param[out] bytes     Pointer passed by reference. Will be allocated.
388  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
389  */
390 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_fetch_bytes_dup(ares_buf_t *buf, size_t len,
391                                                     ares_bool_t     null_term,
392                                                     unsigned char **bytes);
393 
394 /*! Fetch the requested number of bytes and place them into the provided
395  *  dest buffer object.
396  *
397  *  \param[in]  buf     Initialized buffer object
398  *  \param[out] dest    Buffer object to append bytes.
399  *  \param[in]  len     Requested number of bytes (must be > 0)
400  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
401  */
402 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_fetch_bytes_into_buf(ares_buf_t *buf,
403                                                          ares_buf_t *dest,
404                                                          size_t      len);
405 
406 /*! Fetch the requested number of bytes and return a new buffer that must be
407  *  ares_free()'d by the caller.  The returned buffer is a null terminated
408  *  string.  The data is validated to be ASCII-printable.
409  *
410  *  \param[in]  buf     Initialized buffer object
411  *  \param[in]  len     Requested number of bytes (must be > 0)
412  *  \param[out] str     Pointer passed by reference. Will be allocated.
413  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS or one of the c-ares error codes
414  */
415 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_fetch_str_dup(ares_buf_t *buf, size_t len,
416                                                   char **str);
417 
418 /*! Consume whitespace characters (0x09, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x20, and optionally
419  *  0x0A).
420  *
421  *  \param[in]  buf               Initialized buffer object
422  *  \param[in]  include_linefeed  ARES_TRUE to include consuming 0x0A,
423  *                                ARES_FALSE otherwise.
424  *  \return number of whitespace characters consumed
425  */
426 CARES_EXTERN size_t        ares_buf_consume_whitespace(ares_buf_t *buf,
427                                                        ares_bool_t include_linefeed);
428 
429 
430 /*! Consume any non-whitespace character (anything other than 0x09, 0x0B, 0x0C,
431  *  0x0D, 0x20, and 0x0A).
432  *
433  *  \param[in]  buf               Initialized buffer object
434  *  \return number of characters consumed
435  */
436 CARES_EXTERN size_t        ares_buf_consume_nonwhitespace(ares_buf_t *buf);
437 
438 
439 /*! Consume until a character in the character set provided is reached.  Does
440  *  not include the character from the charset at the end.
441  *
442  *  \param[in] buf                Initialized buffer object
443  *  \param[in] charset            character set
444  *  \param[in] len                length of character set
445  *  \param[in] require_charset    require we find a character from the charset.
446  *                                if ARES_FALSE it will simply consume the
447  *                                rest of the buffer.  If ARES_TRUE will return
448  *                                SIZE_MAX if not found.
449  *  \return number of characters consumed
450  */
451 CARES_EXTERN size_t        ares_buf_consume_until_charset(ares_buf_t          *buf,
452                                                           const unsigned char *charset,
453                                                           size_t               len,
454                                                           ares_bool_t require_charset);
455 
456 
457 /*! Consume until a sequence of bytes is encountered.  Does not include the
458  *  sequence of characters itself.
459  *
460  *  \param[in] buf                Initialized buffer object
461  *  \param[in] seq                sequence of bytes
462  *  \param[in] len                length of sequence
463  *  \param[in] require_charset    require we find the sequence.
464  *                                if ARES_FALSE it will simply consume the
465  *                                rest of the buffer.  If ARES_TRUE will return
466  *                                SIZE_MAX if not found.
467  *  \return number of characters consumed
468  */
469 CARES_EXTERN size_t        ares_buf_consume_until_seq(ares_buf_t          *buf,
470                                                       const unsigned char *seq,
471                                                       size_t               len,
472                                                       ares_bool_t require_seq);
473 
474 /*! Consume while the characters match the characters in the provided set.
475  *
476  *  \param[in] buf                Initialized buffer object
477  *  \param[in] charset            character set
478  *  \param[in] len                length of character set
479  *  \return number of characters consumed
480  */
481 CARES_EXTERN size_t        ares_buf_consume_charset(ares_buf_t          *buf,
482                                                     const unsigned char *charset,
483                                                     size_t               len);
484 
485 
486 /*! Consume from the current position until the end of the line, and optionally
487  *  the end of line character (0x0A) itself.
488  *
489  *  \param[in]  buf               Initialized buffer object
490  *  \param[in]  include_linefeed  ARES_TRUE to include consuming 0x0A,
491  *                                ARES_FALSE otherwise.
492  *  \return number of characters consumed
493  */
494 CARES_EXTERN size_t        ares_buf_consume_line(ares_buf_t *buf,
495                                                  ares_bool_t include_linefeed);
496 
497 typedef enum {
498   /*! No flags */
499   ARES_BUF_SPLIT_NONE = 0,
500   /*! The delimiter will be the first character in the buffer, except the
501    *  first buffer since the start doesn't have a delimiter.  This option is
502    *  incompatible with ARES_BUF_SPLIT_LTRIM since the delimiter is always
503    *  the first character.
504    */
505   ARES_BUF_SPLIT_KEEP_DELIMS = 1 << 0,
506   /*! Allow blank sections, by default blank sections are not emitted.  If using
507    *  ARES_BUF_SPLIT_KEEP_DELIMS, the delimiter is not counted as part
508    *  of the section */
509   ARES_BUF_SPLIT_ALLOW_BLANK = 1 << 1,
510   /*! Remove duplicate entries */
511   ARES_BUF_SPLIT_NO_DUPLICATES = 1 << 2,
512   /*! Perform case-insensitive matching when comparing values */
513   ARES_BUF_SPLIT_CASE_INSENSITIVE = 1 << 3,
514   /*! Trim leading whitespace from buffer */
515   ARES_BUF_SPLIT_LTRIM = 1 << 4,
516   /*! Trim trailing whitespace from buffer */
517   ARES_BUF_SPLIT_RTRIM = 1 << 5,
518   /*! Trim leading and trailing whitespace from buffer */
519   ARES_BUF_SPLIT_TRIM = (ARES_BUF_SPLIT_LTRIM | ARES_BUF_SPLIT_RTRIM)
520 } ares_buf_split_t;
521 
522 /*! Split the provided buffer into multiple sub-buffers stored in the variable
523  *  pointed to by the linked list.  The sub buffers are const buffers pointing
524  *  into the buf provided.
525  *
526  *  \param[in]  buf               Initialized buffer object
527  *  \param[in]  delims            Possible delimiters
528  *  \param[in]  delims_len        Length of possible delimiters
529  *  \param[in]  flags             One more more flags
530  *  \param[in]  max_sections      Maximum number of sections.  Use 0 for
531  *                                unlimited. Useful for splitting key/value
532  *                                pairs where the delimiter may be a valid
533  *                                character in the value.  A value of 1 would
534  *                                have little usefulness and would effectively
535  *                                ignore the delimiter itself.
536  *  \param[out] arr               Result. Depending on flags, this may be a
537  *                                valid array with no elements.  Use
538  *                                ares_array_destroy() to free the memory which
539  *                                will also free the contained ares_buf_t *
540  *                                objects. Each buf object returned by
541  *                                ares_array_at() or similar is a pointer to
542  *                                an ares_buf_t * object, meaning you need to
543  *                                accept it as "ares_buf_t **" then dereference.
544  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS on success, or error like ARES_ENOMEM.
545  */
546 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_split(
547   ares_buf_t *buf, const unsigned char *delims, size_t delims_len,
548   ares_buf_split_t flags, size_t max_sections, ares_array_t **arr);
549 
550 /*! Split the provided buffer into an ares_array_t of C strings.
551  *
552  *  \param[in]  buf               Initialized buffer object
553  *  \param[in]  delims            Possible delimiters
554  *  \param[in]  delims_len        Length of possible delimiters
555  *  \param[in]  flags             One more more flags
556  *  \param[in]  max_sections      Maximum number of sections.  Use 0 for
557  *                                unlimited. Useful for splitting key/value
558  *                                pairs where the delimiter may be a valid
559  *                                character in the value.  A value of 1 would
560  *                                have little usefulness and would effectively
561  *                                ignore the delimiter itself.
562  *  \param[out] arr               Array of strings. Free using
563  *                                ares_array_destroy().
564  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS on success, or error like ARES_ENOMEM.
565  */
566 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_split_str_array(
567   ares_buf_t *buf, const unsigned char *delims, size_t delims_len,
568   ares_buf_split_t flags, size_t max_sections, ares_array_t **arr);
569 
570 /*! Split the provided buffer into a C array of C strings.
571  *
572  *  \param[in]  buf               Initialized buffer object
573  *  \param[in]  delims            Possible delimiters
574  *  \param[in]  delims_len        Length of possible delimiters
575  *  \param[in]  flags             One more more flags
576  *  \param[in]  max_sections      Maximum number of sections.  Use 0 for
577  *                                unlimited. Useful for splitting key/value
578  *                                pairs where the delimiter may be a valid
579  *                                character in the value.  A value of 1 would
580  *                                have little usefulness and would effectively
581  *                                ignore the delimiter itself.
582  *  \param[out] strs              Array of strings. Free using
583  *                                ares_free_array(strs, nstrs, ares_free)
584  *  \param[out] nstrs             Number of elements in the array.
585  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS on success, or error like ARES_ENOMEM.
586  */
587 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_split_str(
588   ares_buf_t *buf, const unsigned char *delims, size_t delims_len,
589   ares_buf_split_t flags, size_t max_sections, char ***strs, size_t *nstrs);
590 
591 /*! Check the unprocessed buffer to see if it begins with the sequence of
592  *  characters provided.
593  *
594  *  \param[in] buf          Initialized buffer object
595  *  \param[in] data         Bytes of data to compare.
596  *  \param[in] data_len     Length of data to compare.
597  *  \return ARES_TRUE on match, ARES_FALSE otherwise.
598  */
599 CARES_EXTERN ares_bool_t          ares_buf_begins_with(const ares_buf_t    *buf,
600                                                        const unsigned char *data,
601                                                        size_t               data_len);
602 
603 
604 /*! Size of unprocessed remaining data length
605  *
606  *  \param[in] buf Initialized buffer object
607  *  \return length remaining
608  */
609 CARES_EXTERN size_t               ares_buf_len(const ares_buf_t *buf);
610 
611 /*! Retrieve a pointer to the currently unprocessed data.  Generally this isn't
612  *  recommended to be used in practice.  The returned pointer may be invalidated
613  *  by any future ares_buf_*() calls.
614  *
615  *  \param[in]  buf    Initialized buffer object
616  *  \param[out] len    Length of available data
617  *  \return Pointer to buffer of unprocessed data
618  */
619 CARES_EXTERN const unsigned char *ares_buf_peek(const ares_buf_t *buf,
620                                                 size_t           *len);
621 
622 /*! Retrieve the next byte in the buffer without moving forward.
623  *
624  *  \param[in]  buf  Initialized buffer object
625  *  \param[out] b    Single byte
626  *  \return \return ARES_SUCCESS on success, or error
627  */
628 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t        ares_buf_peek_byte(const ares_buf_t *buf,
629                                                      unsigned char    *b);
630 
631 /*! Wipe any processed data from the beginning of the buffer.  This will
632  *  move any remaining data to the front of the internally allocated buffer.
633  *
634  *  Can not be used on const buffer objects.
635  *
636  *  Typically not needed to call, as any new append operation will automatically
637  *  call this function if there is insufficient space to append the data in
638  *  order to try to avoid another memory allocation.
639  *
640  *  It may be useful to call in order to ensure the current message being
641  *  processed is in the beginning of the buffer if there is an intent to use
642  *  ares_buf_set_position() and ares_buf_get_position() as may be necessary
643  *  when processing DNS compressed names.
644  *
645  *  If there is an active tag, it will NOT clear the tag, it will use the tag
646  *  as the start of the unprocessed data rather than the current offset.  If
647  *  a prior tag is no longer needed, may be wise to call ares_buf_tag_clear().
648  *
649  *  \param[in]  buf    Initialized buffer object
650  */
651 CARES_EXTERN void                 ares_buf_reclaim(ares_buf_t *buf);
652 
653 /*! Set the current offset within the internal buffer.
654  *
655  *  Typically this should not be used, if possible, use the ares_buf_tag*()
656  *  operations instead.
657  *
658  *  One exception is DNS name compression which may backwards reference to
659  *  an index in the message.  It may be necessary in such a case to call
660  *  ares_buf_reclaim() if using a dynamic (non-const) buffer before processing
661  *  such a message.
662  *
663  *  \param[in] buf  Initialized buffer object
664  *  \param[in] idx  Index to set position
665  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS if valid index
666  */
667 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_set_position(ares_buf_t *buf, size_t idx);
668 
669 /*! Get the current offset within the internal buffer.
670  *
671  *  Typically this should not be used, if possible, use the ares_buf_tag*()
672  *  operations instead.
673  *
674  *  This can be used to get the current position, useful for saving if a
675  *  jump via ares_buf_set_position() is performed and need to restore the
676  *  current position for future operations.
677  *
678  *  \param[in] buf Initialized buffer object
679  *  \return index of current position
680  */
681 CARES_EXTERN size_t        ares_buf_get_position(const ares_buf_t *buf);
682 
683 /*! Parse a character-string as defined in RFC1035, as a null-terminated
684  *  string.
685  *
686  *  \param[in]  buf            initialized buffer object
687  *  \param[in]  remaining_len  maximum length that should be used for parsing
688  *                             the string, this is often less than the remaining
689  *                             buffer and is based on the RR record length.
690  *  \param[out] name           Pointer passed by reference to be filled in with
691  *                             allocated string of the parsed that must be
692  *                             ares_free()'d by the caller.
693  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS on success
694  */
695 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_parse_dns_str(ares_buf_t *buf,
696                                                   size_t      remaining_len,
697                                                   char      **name);
698 
699 /*! Parse a character-string as defined in RFC1035, as binary, however for
700  *  convenience this does guarantee a NULL terminator (that is not included
701  *  in the returned length).
702  *
703  *  \param[in]  buf            initialized buffer object
704  *  \param[in]  remaining_len  maximum length that should be used for parsing
705  *                             the string, this is often less than the remaining
706  *                             buffer and is based on the RR record length.
707  *  \param[out] bin            Pointer passed by reference to be filled in with
708  *                             allocated string of the parsed that must be
709  *                             ares_free()'d by the caller.
710  *  \param[out] bin_len        Length of returned string.
711  *  \return ARES_SUCCESS on success
712  */
713 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_parse_dns_binstr(ares_buf_t *buf,
714                                                      size_t      remaining_len,
715                                                      unsigned char **bin,
716                                                      size_t         *bin_len);
717 
718 /*! Load data from specified file path into provided buffer.  The entire file
719  *  is loaded into memory.
720  *
721  *  \param[in]     filename complete path to file
722  *  \param[in,out] buf      Initialized (non-const) buffer object to load data
723  *                          into
724  *  \return ARES_ENOTFOUND if file not found, ARES_EFILE if issues reading
725  *          file, ARES_ENOMEM if out of memory, ARES_SUCCESS on success.
726  */
727 CARES_EXTERN ares_status_t ares_buf_load_file(const char *filename,
728                                               ares_buf_t *buf);
729 
730 /*! @} */
731 
732 #endif /* __ARES__BUF_H */
733