• Home
  • Line#
  • Scopes#
  • Navigate#
  • Raw
  • Download
1 /*
2 ** 2001-09-15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13 ** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14 ** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15 ** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16 ** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17 **
18 ** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19 ** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20 ** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21 ** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22 ** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23 **
24 ** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25 ** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26 ** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27 **
28 ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29 ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30 ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31 ** part of the build process.
32 */
33 #ifndef SQLITE3_H
34 #define SQLITE3_H
35 #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36 
37 /*
38 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39 */
40 #ifdef __cplusplus
41 extern "C" {
42 #endif
43 
44 
45 /*
46 ** Facilitate override of interface linkage and calling conventions.
47 ** Be aware that these macros may not be used within this particular
48 ** translation of the amalgamation and its associated header file.
49 **
50 ** The SQLITE_EXTERN and SQLITE_API macros are used to instruct the
51 ** compiler that the target identifier should have external linkage.
52 **
53 ** The SQLITE_CDECL macro is used to set the calling convention for
54 ** public functions that accept a variable number of arguments.
55 **
56 ** The SQLITE_APICALL macro is used to set the calling convention for
57 ** public functions that accept a fixed number of arguments.
58 **
59 ** The SQLITE_STDCALL macro is no longer used and is now deprecated.
60 **
61 ** The SQLITE_CALLBACK macro is used to set the calling convention for
62 ** function pointers.
63 **
64 ** The SQLITE_SYSAPI macro is used to set the calling convention for
65 ** functions provided by the operating system.
66 **
67 ** Currently, the SQLITE_CDECL, SQLITE_APICALL, SQLITE_CALLBACK, and
68 ** SQLITE_SYSAPI macros are used only when building for environments
69 ** that require non-default calling conventions.
70 */
71 #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
72 # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
73 #endif
74 #ifndef SQLITE_API
75 # define SQLITE_API
76 #endif
77 #ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
78 # define SQLITE_CDECL
79 #endif
80 #ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
81 # define SQLITE_APICALL
82 #endif
83 #ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
84 # define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
85 #endif
86 #ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
87 # define SQLITE_CALLBACK
88 #endif
89 #ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
90 # define SQLITE_SYSAPI
91 #endif
92 
93 /*
94 ** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
95 ** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
96 ** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
97 ** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
98 ** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
99 **
100 ** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
101 ** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
102 ** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
103 ** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
104 ** noop macros.
105 */
106 #define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
107 #define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
108 
109 /*
110 ** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
111 */
112 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
113 # undef SQLITE_VERSION
114 #endif
115 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
116 # undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
117 #endif
118 
119 /*
120 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
121 **
122 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
123 ** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
124 ** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
125 ** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
126 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
127 ** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
128 ** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
129 ** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
130 ** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
131 ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
132 ** and Z will be reset to zero.
133 **
134 ** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
135 ** SQLite source code has been stored in the
136 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
137 ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
138 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
139 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
140 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
141 ** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
142 ** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
143 ** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
144 **
145 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
146 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
147 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
148 */
149 #define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.44.4"
150 #define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3044004
151 #define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2025-02-19 00:18:53 f1e31fd9961ac82535a5d0702b127d84de8ca21d4df1c51c73e078ea0ad4afa8"
152 
153 /*
154 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
155 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
156 **
157 ** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
158 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
159 ** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
160 ** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
161 ** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
162 ** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
163 ** compiled with matching library and header files.
164 **
165 ** <blockquote><pre>
166 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
167 ** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
168 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
169 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
170 **
171 ** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
172 ** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
173 ** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
174 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
175 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
176 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
177 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
178 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
179 ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
180 ** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
181 ** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
182 **
183 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
184 */
185 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
186 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
187 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
188 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
189 
190 /*
191 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
192 **
193 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
194 ** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
195 ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
196 ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
197 **
198 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
199 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
200 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
201 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
202 ** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
203 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
204 **
205 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
206 ** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
207 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
208 **
209 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
210 ** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
211 */
212 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
213 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
214 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
215 #else
216 # define sqlite3_compileoption_used(X) 0
217 # define sqlite3_compileoption_get(X)  ((void*)0)
218 #endif
219 
220 /*
221 ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
222 **
223 ** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
224 ** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
225 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
226 **
227 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
228 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
229 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
230 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
231 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
232 ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
233 **
234 ** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
235 ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
236 ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
237 ** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
238 **
239 ** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
240 ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
241 ** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
242 **
243 ** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
244 ** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
245 ** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
246 ** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
247 ** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
248 ** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
249 ** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
250 ** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
251 ** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
252 ** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
253 **
254 ** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
255 */
256 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
257 
258 /*
259 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
260 ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
261 **
262 ** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
263 ** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
264 ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
265 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
266 ** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
267 ** interfaces (such as
268 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
269 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
270 ** sqlite3 object.
271 */
272 typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
273 
274 /*
275 ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
276 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
277 **
278 ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
279 ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
280 **
281 ** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
282 ** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
283 ** compatibility only.
284 **
285 ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
286 ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
287 ** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
288 ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
289 */
290 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
291   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
292 # ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
293     typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
294 # else
295     typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
296 # endif
297 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
298   typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
299   typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
300 #else
301   typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
302   typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
303 #endif
304 typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
305 typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
306 
307 /*
308 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
309 ** substitute integer for floating-point.
310 */
311 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
312 # define double sqlite3_int64
313 #endif
314 
315 /*
316 ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
317 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
318 **
319 ** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
320 ** for the [sqlite3] object.
321 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
322 ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
323 ** resources are deallocated.
324 **
325 ** Ideally, applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all
326 ** [prepared statements], [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
327 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
328 ** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.
329 ** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
330 ** statements, BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then
331 ** sqlite3_close() will leave the database connection open and return
332 ** [SQLITE_BUSY]. ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared
333 ** statements, unclosed BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups,
334 ** it returns [SQLITE_OK] regardless, but instead of deallocating the database
335 ** connection immediately, it marks the database connection as an unusable
336 ** "zombie" and makes arrangements to automatically deallocate the database
337 ** connection after all prepared statements are finalized, all BLOB handles
338 ** are closed, and all backups have finished. The sqlite3_close_v2() interface
339 ** is intended for use with host languages that are garbage collected, and
340 ** where the order in which destructors are called is arbitrary.
341 **
342 ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
343 ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
344 **
345 ** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
346 ** must be either a NULL
347 ** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
348 ** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
349 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
350 ** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
351 ** argument is a harmless no-op.
352 */
353 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
354 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
355 
356 /*
357 ** The type for a callback function.
358 ** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
359 ** compatibility and is not documented.
360 */
361 typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
362 
363 /*
364 ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
365 ** METHOD: sqlite3
366 **
367 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
368 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
369 ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
370 ** without having to use a lot of C code.
371 **
372 ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
373 ** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
374 ** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
375 ** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
376 ** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
377 ** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
378 ** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
379 ** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
380 ** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
381 ** ignored.
382 **
383 ** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
384 ** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
385 ** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
386 ** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
387 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
388 ** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
389 ** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
390 ** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
391 ** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
392 ** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
393 ** NULL before returning.
394 **
395 ** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
396 ** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
397 ** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
398 **
399 ** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
400 ** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
401 ** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
402 ** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
403 ** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
404 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
405 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
406 ** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
407 ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
408 **
409 ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
410 ** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
411 ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
412 ** is not changed.
413 **
414 ** Restrictions:
415 **
416 ** <ul>
417 ** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
418 **      is a valid and open [database connection].
419 ** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
420 **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
421 ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
422 **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
423 ** </ul>
424 */
425 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
426   sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
427   const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
428   int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
429   void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
430   char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
431 );
432 
433 /*
434 ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
435 ** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
436 **
437 ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
438 ** here in order to indicate success or failure.
439 **
440 ** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
441 **
442 ** See also: [extended result code definitions]
443 */
444 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
445 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
446 #define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
447 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
448 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
449 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
450 #define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
451 #define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
452 #define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
453 #define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
454 #define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
455 #define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
456 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
457 #define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
458 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
459 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
460 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
461 #define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
462 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
463 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
464 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
465 #define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
466 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
467 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
468 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
469 #define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
470 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
471 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
472 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
473 #define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
474 #define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
475 #define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
476 /* end-of-error-codes */
477 
478 /*
479 ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
480 ** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
481 **
482 ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
483 ** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
484 ** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
485 ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
486 ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
487 ** and later) include
488 ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
489 ** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
490 ** on a per database connection basis using the
491 ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
492 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
493 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
494 */
495 #define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
496 #define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
497 #define SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT          (SQLITE_ERROR | (3<<8))
498 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
499 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
500 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
501 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
502 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
503 #define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
504 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
505 #define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
506 #define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
507 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
508 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
509 #define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
510 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
511 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
512 #define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
513 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
514 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
515 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
516 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
517 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
518 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
519 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
520 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
521 #define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
522 #define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
523 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
524 #define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
525 #define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
526 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
527 #define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
528 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
529 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DATA              (SQLITE_IOERR | (32<<8))
530 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS         (SQLITE_IOERR | (33<<8))
531 #define SQLITE_IOERR_IN_PAGE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (34<<8))
532 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
533 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
534 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
535 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
536 #define SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT            (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (3<<8))
537 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
538 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
539 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
540 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
541 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
542 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))
543 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
544 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
545 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX           (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (3<<8))
546 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
547 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
548 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
549 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
550 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
551 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
552 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
553 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
554 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
555 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
556 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
557 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
558 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
559 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
560 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
561 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
562 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
563 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
564 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(12<<8))
565 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
566 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
567 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RBU              (SQLITE_NOTICE | (3<<8))
568 #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
569 #define SQLITE_WARNING_NOTCOMPRESSDB   (SQLITE_WARNING | (3<<8))
570 #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
571 #define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
572 #define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8)) /* internal use only */
573 
574 /*
575 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
576 **
577 ** These bit values are intended for use in the
578 ** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
579 ** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
580 **
581 ** Only those flags marked as "Ok for sqlite3_open_v2()" may be
582 ** used as the third argument to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface.
583 ** The other flags have historically been ignored by sqlite3_open_v2(),
584 ** though future versions of SQLite might change so that an error is
585 ** raised if any of the disallowed bits are passed into sqlite3_open_v2().
586 ** Applications should not depend on the historical behavior.
587 **
588 ** Note in particular that passing the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag into
589 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] does *not* cause the underlying database file
590 ** to be opened using O_EXCL.  Passing SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE into
591 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] has historically be a no-op and might become an
592 ** error in future versions of SQLite.
593 */
594 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
595 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
596 #define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
597 #define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
598 #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
599 #define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
600 #define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
601 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
602 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
603 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
604 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
605 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
606 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
607 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
608 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL    0x00004000  /* VFS only */
609 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
610 #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
611 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
612 #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
613 #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
614 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW         0x01000000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
615 #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE        0x02000000  /* Extended result codes */
616 
617 /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
618 /* Legacy compatibility: */
619 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
620 
621 
622 /*
623 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
624 **
625 ** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
626 ** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
627 ** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
628 ** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
629 ** refers to.
630 **
631 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
632 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
633 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
634 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
635 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
636 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
637 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
638 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
639 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
640 ** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
641 ** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
642 ** file that were written at the application level might have changed
643 ** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
644 ** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
645 ** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
646 ** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
647 ** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
648 ** elevated privileges.
649 **
650 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
651 ** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
652 ** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
653 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
654 */
655 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
656 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
657 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
658 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
659 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
660 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
661 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
662 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
663 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
664 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
665 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
666 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
667 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
668 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
669 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
670 
671 /*
672 ** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
673 **
674 ** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
675 ** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
676 ** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.  These values are ordered from
677 ** lest restrictive to most restrictive.
678 **
679 ** The argument to xLock() is always SHARED or higher.  The argument to
680 ** xUnlock is either SHARED or NONE.
681 */
682 #define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0       /* xUnlock() only */
683 #define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1       /* xLock() or xUnlock() */
684 #define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2       /* xLock() only */
685 #define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3       /* xLock() only */
686 #define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4       /* xLock() only */
687 
688 /*
689 ** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
690 **
691 ** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
692 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
693 ** these integer values as the second argument.
694 **
695 ** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
696 ** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
697 ** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
698 ** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
699 ** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
700 ** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
701 **
702 ** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
703 ** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
704 ** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
705 ** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
706 ** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
707 ** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
708 ** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
709 ** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
710 ** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
711 ** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
712 ** cares about the difference.)
713 */
714 #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
715 #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
716 #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
717 
718 /*
719 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
720 **
721 ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
722 ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
723 ** implementations will
724 ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
725 ** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
726 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
727 ** I/O operations on the open file.
728 */
729 typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
730 struct sqlite3_file {
731   const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
732 };
733 
734 /*
735 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
736 **
737 ** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
738 ** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
739 ** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
740 ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
741 ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
742 **
743 ** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
744 ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
745 ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
746 ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
747 ** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
748 ** to NULL.
749 **
750 ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
751 ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
752 ** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
753 ** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
754 ** and not its inode needs to be synced.
755 **
756 ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
757 ** <ul>
758 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
759 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
760 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
761 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
762 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
763 ** </ul>
764 ** xLock() upgrades the database file lock.  In other words, xLock() moves the
765 ** database file lock in the direction NONE toward EXCLUSIVE. The argument to
766 ** xLock() is always on of SHARED, RESERVED, PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE, never
767 ** SQLITE_LOCK_NONE.  If the database file lock is already at or above the
768 ** requested lock, then the call to xLock() is a no-op.
769 ** xUnlock() downgrades the database file lock to either SHARED or NONE.
770 *  If the lock is already at or below the requested lock state, then the call
771 ** to xUnlock() is a no-op.
772 ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
773 ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
774 ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
775 ** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
776 **
777 ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
778 ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
779 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
780 ** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
781 ** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
782 ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
783 ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
784 ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
785 ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
786 ** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
787 ** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
788 ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
789 ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
790 ** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
791 ** recognize.
792 **
793 ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
794 ** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
795 ** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
796 ** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
797 ** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
798 ** underlying device:
799 **
800 ** <ul>
801 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
802 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
803 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
804 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
805 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
806 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
807 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
808 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
809 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
810 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
811 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
812 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
813 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
814 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
815 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
816 ** </ul>
817 **
818 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
819 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
820 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
821 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
822 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
823 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
824 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
825 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
826 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
827 ** to xWrite().
828 **
829 ** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
830 ** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
831 ** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
832 ** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
833 ** database corruption.
834 */
835 typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
836 struct sqlite3_io_methods {
837   int iVersion;
838   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
839   int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
840   int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
841   int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
842   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
843   int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
844   int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
845   int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
846   int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
847   int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
848   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
849   int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
850   /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
851   int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
852   int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
853   void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
854   int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
855   /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
856   int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
857   int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
858   /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
859   /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
860 };
861 
862 /*
863 ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
864 ** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
865 **
866 ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
867 ** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
868 ** interface.
869 **
870 ** <ul>
871 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
872 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
873 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
874 ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
875 ** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
876 ** into an integer that the pArg argument points to.
877 ** This capability is only available if SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_DEBUG].
878 **
879 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
880 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
881 ** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
882 ** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
883 ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
884 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
885 ** file run faster.
886 **
887 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
888 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
889 ** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
890 ** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
891 ** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
892 ** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
893 ** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
894 ** pointed to is set to the new limit.
895 **
896 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
897 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
898 ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
899 ** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
900 ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
901 ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
902 ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
903 ** improve performance on some systems.
904 **
905 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
906 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
907 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
908 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
909 **
910 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
911 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
912 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
913 ** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
914 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
915 **
916 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
917 ** No longer in use.
918 **
919 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
920 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
921 ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
922 ** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
923 ** because the user has configured SQLite with
924 ** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
925 ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
926 ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
927 ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
928 ** string containing the transactions super-journal file name. VFSes that
929 ** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
930 ** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
931 ** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
932 **
933 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
934 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
935 ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
936 ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
937 ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
938 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
939 ** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
940 **
941 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
942 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
943 ** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
944 ** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
945 ** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
946 ** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
947 ** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
948 ** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
949 ** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
950 ** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
951 ** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
952 ** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
953 ** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
954 ** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
955 ** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
956 ** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
957 **
958 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
959 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
960 ** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
961 ** write ahead log ([WAL file]) and shared memory
962 ** files used for transaction control
963 ** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
964 ** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
965 ** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
966 ** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
967 ** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
968 ** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
969 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
970 ** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
971 ** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
972 ** WAL persistence setting.
973 **
974 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
975 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
976 ** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
977 ** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
978 ** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
979 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
980 ** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
981 ** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
982 ** zero-damage mode setting.
983 **
984 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
985 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
986 ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
987 ** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
988 ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
989 **
990 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
991 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
992 ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
993 ** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
994 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
995 ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
996 ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
997 ** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
998 ** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
999 ** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
1000 ** is intended for diagnostic use only.
1001 **
1002 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
1003 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
1004 ** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
1005 ** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
1006 ** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
1007 ** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
1008 ** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
1009 ** upper-most shim only.
1010 **
1011 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
1012 ** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
1013 ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
1014 ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
1015 ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
1016 ** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
1017 ** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
1018 ** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
1019 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
1020 ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
1021 ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
1022 ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
1023 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
1024 ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
1025 ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
1026 ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
1027 ** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
1028 ** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
1029 ** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
1030 ** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
1031 ** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
1032 ** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
1033 ** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
1034 ** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
1035 **
1036 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
1037 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
1038 ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
1039 ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
1040 ** to the connection's busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void**)
1041 ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
1042 ** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connection's
1043 ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
1044 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
1045 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
1046 ** current operation.
1047 **
1048 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
1049 ** ^Applications can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
1050 ** to have SQLite generate a
1051 ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
1052 ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
1053 ** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
1054 ** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
1055 ** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
1056 **
1057 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
1058 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
1059 ** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
1060 ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
1061 ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
1062 ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
1063 ** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
1064 ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
1065 ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
1066 **
1067 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
1068 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
1069 ** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
1070 ** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
1071 ** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
1072 ** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1073 ** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1074 **
1075 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1076 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1077 ** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1078 ** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1079 ** was first opened.
1080 **
1081 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1082 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1083 ** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1084 ** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1085 ** writes the resulting value there.
1086 **
1087 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1088 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1089 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1090 ** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1091 ** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1092 **
1093 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1094 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1095 ** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1096 ** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1097 ** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1098 ** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1099 **
1100 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1101 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1102 ** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1103 **
1104 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1105 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1106 ** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1107 ** this opcode.
1108 **
1109 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1110 ** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1111 ** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1112 ** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1113 ** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1114 ** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1115 ** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1116 ** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1117 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1118 ** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1119 ** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1120 ** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1121 **
1122 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1123 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1124 ** operations since the previous successful call to
1125 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1126 ** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1127 ** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1128 ** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1129 ** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1130 ** write operations are independent.
1131 ** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1132 ** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1133 **
1134 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1135 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1136 ** operations since the previous successful call to
1137 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1138 ** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1139 ** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1140 ** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1141 ** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1142 **
1143 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1144 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode is used to configure a VFS
1145 ** to block for up to M milliseconds before failing when attempting to
1146 ** obtain a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS.
1147 ** The parameter is a pointer to a 32-bit signed integer that contains
1148 ** the value that M is to be set to. Before returning, the 32-bit signed
1149 ** integer is overwritten with the previous value of M.
1150 **
1151 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
1152 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
1153 ** a database file.  The argument is a pointer to a 32-bit unsigned integer.
1154 ** The "data version" for the pager is written into the pointer.  The
1155 ** "data version" changes whenever any change occurs to the corresponding
1156 ** database file, either through SQL statements on the same database
1157 ** connection or through transactions committed by separate database
1158 ** connections possibly in other processes. The [sqlite3_total_changes()]
1159 ** interface can be used to find if any database on the connection has changed,
1160 ** but that interface responds to changes on TEMP as well as MAIN and does
1161 ** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
1162 ** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
1163 ** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
1164 ** [PRAGMA data_version] command provides a mechanism to detect changes to
1165 ** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
1166 ** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
1167 ** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
1168 ** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
1169 ** a particular attached database.
1170 **
1171 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START]]
1172 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1173 ** in wal mode before the client starts to copy pages from the wal
1174 ** file to the database file.
1175 **
1176 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE]]
1177 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1178 ** in wal mode after the client has finished copying pages from the wal
1179 ** file to the database file, but before the *-shm file is updated to
1180 ** record the fact that the pages have been checkpointed.
1181 **
1182 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER]]
1183 ** The EXPERIMENTAL [SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER] opcode is used to detect
1184 ** whether or not there is a database client in another process with a wal-mode
1185 ** transaction open on the database or not. It is only available on unix.The
1186 ** (void*) argument passed with this file-control should be a pointer to a
1187 ** value of type (int). The integer value is set to 1 if the database is a wal
1188 ** mode database and there exists at least one client in another process that
1189 ** currently has an SQL transaction open on the database. It is set to 0 if
1190 ** the database is not a wal-mode db, or if there is no such connection in any
1191 ** other process. This opcode cannot be used to detect transactions opened
1192 ** by clients within the current process, only within other processes.
1193 **
1194 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE]]
1195 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE] opcode is for use internally by the
1196 ** [checksum VFS shim] only.
1197 **
1198 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE]]
1199 ** If there is currently no transaction open on the database, and the
1200 ** database is not a temp db, then the [SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE] file-control
1201 ** purges the contents of the in-memory page cache. If there is an open
1202 ** transaction, or if the db is a temp-db, this opcode is a no-op, not an error.
1203 ** </ul>
1204 */
1205 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1206 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1207 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1208 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1209 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1210 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1211 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1212 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1213 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1214 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1215 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1216 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1217 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1218 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1219 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1220 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1221 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1222 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1223 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1224 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1225 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1226 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1227 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1228 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1229 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1230 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1231 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1232 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1233 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1234 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1235 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1236 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1237 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1238 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
1239 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
1240 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
1241 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
1242 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
1243 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER        40
1244 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE              41
1245 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE            42
1246 
1247 /* deprecated names */
1248 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1249 #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1250 #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1251 
1252 
1253 /*
1254 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1255 **
1256 ** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1257 ** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1258 ** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1259 ** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1260 **
1261 ** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1262 */
1263 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1264 
1265 /*
1266 ** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1267 **
1268 ** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1269 ** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1270 ** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1271 ** on some platforms.
1272 */
1273 typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1274 
1275 /*
1276 ** CAPI3REF: File Name
1277 **
1278 ** Type [sqlite3_filename] is used by SQLite to pass filenames to the
1279 ** xOpen method of a [VFS]. It may be cast to (const char*) and treated
1280 ** as a normal, nul-terminated, UTF-8 buffer containing the filename, but
1281 ** may also be passed to special APIs such as:
1282 **
1283 ** <ul>
1284 ** <li>  sqlite3_filename_database()
1285 ** <li>  sqlite3_filename_journal()
1286 ** <li>  sqlite3_filename_wal()
1287 ** <li>  sqlite3_uri_parameter()
1288 ** <li>  sqlite3_uri_boolean()
1289 ** <li>  sqlite3_uri_int64()
1290 ** <li>  sqlite3_uri_key()
1291 ** </ul>
1292 */
1293 typedef const char *sqlite3_filename;
1294 
1295 /*
1296 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1297 **
1298 ** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1299 ** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1300 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1301 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1302 **
1303 ** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1304 ** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1305 ** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1306 ** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1307 ** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1308 ** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1309 ** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1310 ** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1311 ** Note that due to an oversight, the structure
1312 ** of the sqlite3_vfs object changed in the transition from
1313 ** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1314 ** and yet the iVersion field was not increased.
1315 **
1316 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1317 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1318 ** a pathname in this VFS.
1319 **
1320 ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1321 ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1322 ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1323 ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1324 ** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1325 ** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1326 **
1327 ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1328 ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1329 ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1330 ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1331 ** object once the object has been registered.
1332 **
1333 ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1334 ** be unique across all VFS modules.
1335 **
1336 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1337 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1338 ** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1339 ** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1340 ** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1341 ** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1342 ** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1343 ** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1344 ** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1345 ** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1346 ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1347 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1348 ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1349 ** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1350 ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1351 ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1352 **
1353 ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1354 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1355 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1356 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1357 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1358 ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1359 **
1360 ** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1361 ** call, depending on the object being opened:
1362 **
1363 ** <ul>
1364 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1365 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1366 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1367 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1368 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1369 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1370 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL]
1371 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1372 ** </ul>)^
1373 **
1374 ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1375 ** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1376 ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1377 ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1378 ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1379 ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1380 ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1381 ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1382 **
1383 ** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1384 **
1385 ** <ul>
1386 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1387 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1388 ** </ul>
1389 **
1390 ** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1391 ** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1392 ** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1393 ** databases, and subjournals.
1394 **
1395 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1396 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1397 ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1398 ** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1399 ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1400 ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1401 ** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1402 ** for exclusive access.
1403 **
1404 ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1405 ** to hold the [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1406 ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1407 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1408 ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1409 ** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1410 ** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1411 ** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1412 ** or failure of the xOpen call.
1413 **
1414 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1415 ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1416 ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1417 ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1418 ** to test whether a file is at least readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ
1419 ** flag is never actually used and is not implemented in the built-in
1420 ** VFSes of SQLite.  The file is named by the second argument and can be a
1421 ** directory. The xAccess method returns [SQLITE_OK] on success or some
1422 ** non-zero error code if there is an I/O error or if the name of
1423 ** the file given in the second argument is illegal.  If SQLITE_OK
1424 ** is returned, then non-zero or zero is written into *pResOut to indicate
1425 ** whether or not the file is accessible.
1426 **
1427 ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1428 ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1429 ** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1430 ** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1431 ** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1432 ** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1433 **
1434 ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1435 ** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1436 ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1437 ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1438 ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1439 ** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1440 ** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1441 ** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1442 ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1443 ** a floating point value.
1444 ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1445 ** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1446 ** a 24-hour day).
1447 ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1448 ** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1449 ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1450 ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1451 **
1452 ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1453 ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1454 ** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1455 ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1456 ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1457 ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1458 ** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1459 ** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1460 ** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1461 ** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1462 ** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1463 */
1464 typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1465 typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1466 struct sqlite3_vfs {
1467   int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1468   int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1469   int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1470   sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1471   const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1472   void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1473   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_filename zName, sqlite3_file*,
1474                int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1475   int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1476   int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1477   int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1478   void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1479   void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1480   void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1481   void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1482   int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1483   int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1484   int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1485   int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1486   /*
1487   ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1488   ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1489   */
1490   int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1491   /*
1492   ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1493   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1494   */
1495   int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1496   sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1497   const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1498   /*
1499   ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1500   ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1501   ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1502   */
1503 };
1504 
1505 /*
1506 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1507 **
1508 ** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1509 ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1510 ** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1511 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1512 ** simply checks whether the file exists.
1513 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1514 ** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1515 ** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1516 ** the directory).
1517 ** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1518 ** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1519 ** release of SQLite.
1520 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1521 ** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1522 ** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1523 ** SQLite.
1524 */
1525 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1526 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1527 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1528 
1529 /*
1530 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1531 **
1532 ** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1533 ** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1534 ** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1535 ** xShmLock method:
1536 **
1537 ** <ul>
1538 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1539 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1540 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1541 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1542 ** </ul>
1543 **
1544 ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1545 ** was given on the corresponding lock.
1546 **
1547 ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1548 ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1549 ** and EXCLUSIVE.
1550 */
1551 #define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1552 #define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1553 #define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1554 #define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1555 
1556 /*
1557 ** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1558 **
1559 ** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1560 ** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1561 ** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1562 ** lock outside of this range
1563 */
1564 #define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1565 
1566 
1567 /*
1568 ** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1569 **
1570 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1571 ** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1572 ** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1573 ** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1574 ** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1575 ** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1576 **
1577 ** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1578 ** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1579 ** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1580 ** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1581 ** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1582 ** are harmless no-ops.)^
1583 **
1584 ** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1585 ** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1586 ** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1587 ** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1588 **
1589 ** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1590 ** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1591 ** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1592 ** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1593 ** sqlite3_shutdown().
1594 **
1595 ** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1596 ** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1597 ** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1598 **
1599 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1600 ** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1601 ** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1602 ** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1603 **
1604 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1605 ** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1606 ** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1607 ** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1608 ** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1609 ** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1610 ** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1611 ** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1612 ** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1613 ** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1614 ** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1615 ** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1616 ** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1617 ** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1618 **
1619 ** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1620 ** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1621 ** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1622 ** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1623 ** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1624 ** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1625 ** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1626 **
1627 ** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1628 ** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1629 ** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1630 ** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1631 ** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1632 ** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1633 ** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1634 ** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1635 ** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1636 ** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1637 ** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1638 ** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1639 ** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1640 ** failure.
1641 */
1642 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1643 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1644 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1645 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1646 
1647 /*
1648 ** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1649 **
1650 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1651 ** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1652 ** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1653 ** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1654 ** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1655 **
1656 ** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1657 ** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1658 ** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1659 **
1660 ** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1661 ** [configuration option] that determines
1662 ** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1663 ** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1664 ** in the first argument.
1665 **
1666 ** For most configuration options, the sqlite3_config() interface
1667 ** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1668 ** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1669 ** The exceptional configuration options that may be invoked at any time
1670 ** are called "anytime configuration options".
1671 ** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1672 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] with a first argument that is not an anytime
1673 ** configuration option, then the sqlite3_config() call will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1674 ** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1675 ** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1676 **
1677 ** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1678 ** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1679 ** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1680 */
1681 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1682 
1683 /*
1684 ** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1685 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1686 **
1687 ** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1688 ** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1689 ** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1690 ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1691 **
1692 ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1693 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1694 ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1695 ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1696 **
1697 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1698 ** the call is considered successful.
1699 */
1700 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1701 
1702 /*
1703 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1704 **
1705 ** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1706 ** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1707 **
1708 ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1709 ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1710 ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1711 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1712 ** By creating an instance of this object
1713 ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1714 ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1715 ** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1716 ** dynamic memory needs.
1717 **
1718 ** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1719 ** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1720 ** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1721 ** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1722 ** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1723 ** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1724 ** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1725 ** conditions.
1726 **
1727 ** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1728 ** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1729 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1730 ** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1731 **
1732 ** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1733 ** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1734 ** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1735 **
1736 ** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1737 ** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1738 ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1739 ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1740 ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1741 ** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1742 ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1743 **
1744 ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1745 ** it might allocate any required mutexes or initialize internal data
1746 ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1747 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1748 ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1749 ** xInit and xShutdown.
1750 **
1751 ** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN] mutex when it invokes
1752 ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1753 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1754 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1755 ** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1756 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1757 ** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1758 ** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1759 ** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1760 ** serialization.
1761 **
1762 ** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1763 ** call to xShutdown().
1764 */
1765 typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1766 struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1767   void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1768   void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1769   void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1770   int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1771   int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1772   int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1773   void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1774   void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1775 };
1776 
1777 /*
1778 ** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1779 ** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1780 **
1781 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1782 ** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1783 **
1784 ** Most of the configuration options for sqlite3_config()
1785 ** will only work if invoked prior to [sqlite3_initialize()] or after
1786 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()].  The few exceptions to this rule are called
1787 ** "anytime configuration options".
1788 ** ^Calling [sqlite3_config()] with a first argument that is not an
1789 ** anytime configuration option in between calls to [sqlite3_initialize()] and
1790 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] is a no-op that returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
1791 **
1792 ** The set of anytime configuration options can change (by insertions
1793 ** and/or deletions) from one release of SQLite to the next.
1794 ** As of SQLite version 3.42.0, the complete set of anytime configuration
1795 ** options is:
1796 ** <ul>
1797 ** <li> SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG
1798 ** <li> SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1799 ** </ul>
1800 **
1801 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1802 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1803 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1804 ** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1805 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1806 ** is invoked.
1807 **
1808 ** <dl>
1809 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1810 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1811 ** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1812 ** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1813 ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1814 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1815 ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1816 ** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1817 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1818 ** configuration option.</dd>
1819 **
1820 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1821 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1822 ** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1823 ** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1824 ** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1825 ** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1826 ** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1827 ** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1828 ** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1829 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1830 ** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1831 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1832 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1833 **
1834 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1835 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1836 ** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1837 ** all mutexes including the recursive
1838 ** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1839 ** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1840 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1841 ** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1842 ** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1843 ** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1844 ** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1845 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1846 ** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1847 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1848 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1849 **
1850 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1851 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1852 ** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1853 ** The argument specifies
1854 ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1855 ** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1856 ** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1857 ** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1858 **
1859 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1860 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1861 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1862 ** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1863 ** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1864 ** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1865 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1866 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1867 **
1868 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1869 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1870 ** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1871 ** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1872 ** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1873 ** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1874 ** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1875 ** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1876 ** </dd>
1877 **
1878 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1879 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1880 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1881 ** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1882 ** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1883 **   <ul>
1884 **   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
1885 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1886 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1887 **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1888 **   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1889 **   </ul>)^
1890 ** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1891 ** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1892 ** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1893 ** </dd>
1894 **
1895 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1896 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1897 ** </dd>
1898 **
1899 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1900 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1901 ** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1902 ** cache implementation.
1903 ** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-defined page
1904 ** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1905 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1906 ** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1907 ** and the number of cache lines (N).
1908 ** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1909 ** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1910 ** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1911 ** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1912 ** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1913 ** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1914 ** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1915 ** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1916 ** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1917 ** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1918 ** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1919 ** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1920 ** is exhausted.
1921 ** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1922 ** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1923 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1924 ** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1925 ** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1926 ** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1927 ** additional cache line. </dd>
1928 **
1929 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1930 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1931 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1932 ** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1933 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1934 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1935 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1936 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1937 ** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1938 ** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1939 ** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1940 ** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1941 ** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1942 ** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1943 ** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1944 ** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1945 ** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1946 ** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1947 ** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1948 **
1949 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1950 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1951 ** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1952 ** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1953 ** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1954 ** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1955 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1956 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1957 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1958 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1959 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1960 **
1961 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1962 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1963 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1964 ** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1965 ** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1966 ** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1967 ** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1968 ** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1969 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1970 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1971 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1972 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1973 **
1974 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1975 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1976 ** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1977 ** The first argument is the
1978 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1979 ** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1980 ** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1981 ** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1982 ** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1983 **
1984 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1985 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1986 ** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1987 ** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1988 ** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1989 **
1990 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1991 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1992 ** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1993 ** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1994 **
1995 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1996 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1997 ** global [error log].
1998 ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1999 ** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
2000 ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
2001 ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
2002 ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
2003 ** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
2004 ** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
2005 ** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
2006 ** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
2007 ** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
2008 ** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
2009 ** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
2010 ** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
2011 ** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
2012 ** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
2013 ** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
2014 **
2015 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
2016 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
2017 ** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
2018 ** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
2019 ** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
2020 ** [sqlite3_open16()] or
2021 ** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
2022 ** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
2023 ** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
2024 ** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
2025 ** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
2026 ** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
2027 ** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
2028 **
2029 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
2030 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
2031 ** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
2032 ** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
2033 ** ^The default setting is determined
2034 ** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
2035 ** if that compile-time option is omitted.
2036 ** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
2037 ** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
2038 ** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
2039 ** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
2040 ** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
2041 **
2042 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
2043 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
2044 ** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
2045 ** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
2046 ** </dd>
2047 **
2048 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
2049 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
2050 ** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
2051 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
2052 ** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
2053 ** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
2054 ** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
2055 ** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
2056 ** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
2057 ** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
2058 ** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
2059 ** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
2060 ** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
2061 ** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
2062 ** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
2063 ** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
2064 **
2065 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
2066 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
2067 ** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
2068 ** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
2069 ** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
2070 ** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
2071 ** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
2072 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
2073 ** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
2074 ** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
2075 ** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
2076 ** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
2077 ** changed to its compile-time default.
2078 **
2079 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
2080 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
2081 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
2082 ** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
2083 ** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
2084 ** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
2085 **
2086 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
2087 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
2088 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
2089 ** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
2090 ** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
2091 ** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
2092 ** target platform, and SQLite version.
2093 **
2094 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
2095 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
2096 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
2097 ** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
2098 ** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
2099 ** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
2100 ** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
2101 ** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
2102 ** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
2103 ** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
2104 **
2105 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
2106 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
2107 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
2108 ** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
2109 ** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
2110 ** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
2111 ** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
2112 ** exclusively in memory.
2113 ** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
2114 ** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
2115 ** I/O required to support statement rollback.
2116 ** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
2117 ** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
2118 **
2119 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
2120 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
2121 ** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
2122 ** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
2123 ** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
2124 ** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
2125 ** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
2126 ** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
2127 ** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
2128 ** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
2129 ** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
2130 ** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
2131 ** negative value for this option restores the default behavior.
2132 ** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
2133 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
2134 **
2135 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
2136 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
2137 ** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
2138 ** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
2139 ** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
2140 ** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
2141 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
2142 ** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
2143 ** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
2144 ** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
2145 **
2146 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW]]
2147 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW
2148 ** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW option enables or disables the ability
2149 ** for VIEWs to have a ROWID.  The capability can only be enabled if SQLite is
2150 ** compiled with -DSQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW, in which case the capability
2151 ** defaults to on.  This configuration option queries the current setting or
2152 ** changes the setting to off or on.  The argument is a pointer to an integer.
2153 ** If that integer initially holds a value of 1, then the ability for VIEWs to
2154 ** have ROWIDs is activated.  If the integer initially holds zero, then the
2155 ** ability is deactivated.  Any other initial value for the integer leaves the
2156 ** setting unchanged.  After changes, if any, the integer is written with
2157 ** a 1 or 0, if the ability for VIEWs to have ROWIDs is on or off.  If SQLite
2158 ** is compiled without -DSQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW (which is the usual and
2159 ** recommended case) then the integer is always filled with zero, regardless
2160 ** if its initial value.
2161 ** </dl>
2162 */
2163 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD         1  /* nil */
2164 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD          2  /* nil */
2165 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED           3  /* nil */
2166 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC               4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2167 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC            5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2168 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH              6  /* No longer used */
2169 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE            7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
2170 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP                 8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
2171 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS            9  /* boolean */
2172 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX               10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2173 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX            11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2174 /* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC    12 which is now unused. */
2175 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE           13  /* int int */
2176 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE              14  /* no-op */
2177 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE           15  /* no-op */
2178 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG                 16  /* xFunc, void* */
2179 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI                 17  /* int */
2180 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2             18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2181 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2          19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2182 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
2183 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG              21  /* xSqllog, void* */
2184 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE           22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
2185 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
2186 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
2187 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
2188 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
2189 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
2190 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
2191 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
2192 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW       30  /* int* */
2193 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_CORRUPTION          40  /* xCorruption */
2194 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_ENABLE_ICU          41  /* boolean */
2195 
2196 /*
2197 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
2198 **
2199 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
2200 ** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
2201 **
2202 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
2203 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
2204 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
2205 ** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
2206 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
2207 ** is invoked.
2208 **
2209 ** <dl>
2210 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
2211 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
2212 ** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
2213 ** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
2214 ** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
2215 ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2216 ** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2217 ** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2218 ** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2219 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2220 ** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2221 ** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2222 ** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2223 ** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2224 ** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2225 ** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2226 ** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2227 ** when the "current value" returned by
2228 ** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED],...) is zero.
2229 ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2230 ** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2231 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2232 **
2233 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
2234 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2235 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2236 ** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2237 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2238 ** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2239 ** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2240 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2241 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2242 ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2243 **
2244 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
2245 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2246 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2247 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2248 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2249 ** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2250 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2251 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2252 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2253 ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back.
2254 **
2255 ** <p>Originally this option disabled all triggers.  ^(However, since
2256 ** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP triggers are still allowed even if
2257 ** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2258 ** triggers in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
2259 ** databases.)^ </dd>
2260 **
2261 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW]]
2262 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</dt>
2263 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE VIEW | views].
2264 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2265 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable views,
2266 ** positive to enable views or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2267 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2268 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether views are disabled or enabled
2269 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2270 ** which case the view setting is not reported back.
2271 **
2272 ** <p>Originally this option disabled all views.  ^(However, since
2273 ** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP views are still allowed even if
2274 ** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2275 ** views in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
2276 ** databases.)^ </dd>
2277 **
2278 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
2279 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2280 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the
2281 ** [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2282 ** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2283 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2284 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2285 ** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2286 ** unchanged.
2287 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2288 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2289 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2290 ** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2291 **
2292 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
2293 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2294 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2295 ** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2296 ** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2297 ** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2298 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2299 ** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2300 ** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2301 ** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2302 ** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2303 ** C-API or the SQL function.
2304 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2305 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2306 ** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2307 ** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2308 ** </dd>
2309 **
2310 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2311 ** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2312 ** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2313 ** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2314 ** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2315 ** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2316 ** until after the database connection closes.
2317 ** </dd>
2318 **
2319 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
2320 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2321 ** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2322 ** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2323 ** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2324 ** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2325 ** override this behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation
2326 ** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2327 ** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2328 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2329 ** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2330 ** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2331 ** </dd>
2332 **
2333 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2334 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2335 ** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2336 ** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2337 ** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2338 ** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2339 ** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2340 ** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2341 ** was used during testing in the lab.
2342 ** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2343 ** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2344 ** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2345 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2346 ** following this call.
2347 ** </dd>
2348 **
2349 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2350 ** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2351 ** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2352 ** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2353 ** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2354 ** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2355 ** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2356 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2357 ** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2358 ** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2359 ** </dd>
2360 **
2361 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2362 ** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2363 ** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2364 ** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2365 ** a badly corrupted database file:
2366 ** <ol>
2367 ** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
2368 **      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
2369 **      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
2370 **      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
2371 **      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
2372 **      the reset.
2373 ** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2374 ** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2375 ** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2376 ** </ol>
2377 ** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2378 ** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to
2379 ** help ensure that it does not happen by accident. Because this
2380 ** feature must be capable of resetting corrupt databases, and
2381 ** shutting down virtual tables may require access to that corrupt
2382 ** storage, the library must abandon any installed virtual tables
2383 ** without calling their xDestroy() methods.
2384 **
2385 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
2386 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
2387 ** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
2388 ** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
2389 ** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
2390 ** features include but are not limited to the following:
2391 ** <ul>
2392 ** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
2393 ** <li> The [PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF] statement.
2394 ** <li> The [PRAGMA schema_version=N] statement.
2395 ** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
2396 ** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
2397 ** </ul>
2398 ** </dd>
2399 **
2400 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</dt>
2401 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA option activates or deactivates the
2402 ** "writable_schema" flag. This has the same effect and is logically equivalent
2403 ** to setting [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] or [PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF].
2404 ** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2405 ** the writable_schema, positive to enable writable_schema, or negative to
2406 ** leave the setting unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an
2407 ** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
2408 ** is enabled or disabled following this call.
2409 ** </dd>
2410 **
2411 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
2412 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
2413 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
2414 ** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such it
2415 ** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
2416 ** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
2417 ** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
2418 ** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
2419 ** </dd>
2420 **
2421 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]
2422 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</dt>
2423 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML option activates or deactivates
2424 ** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DML statements
2425 ** only, that is DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE statements. The
2426 ** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2427 ** compile-time option.
2428 ** </dd>
2429 **
2430 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL]]
2431 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</dt>
2432 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS option activates or deactivates
2433 ** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DDL statements,
2434 ** such as CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX. The
2435 ** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2436 ** compile-time option.
2437 ** </dd>
2438 **
2439 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA]]
2440 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA</dt>
2441 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option tells SQLite to
2442 ** assume that database schemas are untainted by malicious content.
2443 ** When the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option is disabled, SQLite
2444 ** takes additional defensive steps to protect the application from harm
2445 ** including:
2446 ** <ul>
2447 ** <li> Prohibit the use of SQL functions inside triggers, views,
2448 ** CHECK constraints, DEFAULT clauses, expression indexes,
2449 ** partial indexes, or generated columns
2450 ** unless those functions are tagged with [SQLITE_INNOCUOUS].
2451 ** <li> Prohibit the use of virtual tables inside of triggers or views
2452 ** unless those virtual tables are tagged with [SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS].
2453 ** </ul>
2454 ** This setting defaults to "on" for legacy compatibility, however
2455 ** all applications are advised to turn it off if possible. This setting
2456 ** can also be controlled using the [PRAGMA trusted_schema] statement.
2457 ** </dd>
2458 **
2459 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
2460 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</dt>
2461 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
2462 ** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
2463 ** created database file to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
2464 ** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
2465 ** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
2466 ** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
2467 ** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
2468 ** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
2469 ** is now scarcely any need to generate database files that are compatible
2470 ** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little
2471 ** practical use, but is provided so that SQLite can continue to claim the
2472 ** ability to generate new database files that are compatible with  version
2473 ** 3.0.0.
2474 ** <p>Note that when the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT setting is on,
2475 ** the [VACUUM] command will fail with an obscure error when attempting to
2476 ** process a table with generated columns and a descending index.  This is
2477 ** not considered a bug since SQLite versions 3.3.0 and earlier do not support
2478 ** either generated columns or descending indexes.
2479 ** </dd>
2480 **
2481 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_STMT_SCANSTATUS]]
2482 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_STMT_SCANSTATUS</dt>
2483 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_STMT_SCANSTATUS option is only useful in
2484 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS builds. In this case, it sets or clears
2485 ** a flag that enables collection of the sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2()
2486 ** statistics. For statistics to be collected, the flag must be set on
2487 ** the database handle both when the SQL statement is prepared and when it
2488 ** is stepped. The flag is set (collection of statistics is enabled)
2489 ** by default.  This option takes two arguments: an integer and a pointer to
2490 ** an integer..  The first argument is 1, 0, or -1 to enable, disable, or
2491 ** leave unchanged the statement scanstatus option.  If the second argument
2492 ** is not NULL, then the value of the statement scanstatus setting after
2493 ** processing the first argument is written into the integer that the second
2494 ** argument points to.
2495 ** </dd>
2496 **
2497 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER]]
2498 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER</dt>
2499 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER option changes the default order
2500 ** in which tables and indexes are scanned so that the scans start at the end
2501 ** and work toward the beginning rather than starting at the beginning and
2502 ** working toward the end. Setting SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER is the
2503 ** same as setting [PRAGMA reverse_unordered_selects].  This option takes
2504 ** two arguments which are an integer and a pointer to an integer.  The first
2505 ** argument is 1, 0, or -1 to enable, disable, or leave unchanged the
2506 ** reverse scan order flag, respectively.  If the second argument is not NULL,
2507 ** then 0 or 1 is written into the integer that the second argument points to
2508 ** depending on if the reverse scan order flag is set after processing the
2509 ** first argument.
2510 ** </dd>
2511 **
2512 ** </dl>
2513 */
2514 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2515 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2516 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2517 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2518 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2519 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2520 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2521 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2522 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2523 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2524 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
2525 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       1011 /* int int* */
2526 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE    1012 /* int int* */
2527 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               1013 /* int int* */
2528 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               1014 /* int int* */
2529 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW           1015 /* int int* */
2530 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT    1016 /* int int* */
2531 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA        1017 /* int int* */
2532 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_STMT_SCANSTATUS       1018 /* int int* */
2533 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER     1019 /* int int* */
2534 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1019 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2535 
2536 /*
2537 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2538 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2539 **
2540 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2541 ** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2542 ** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2543 */
2544 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2545 
2546 /*
2547 ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2548 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2549 **
2550 ** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2551 ** has a unique 64-bit signed
2552 ** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2553 ** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2554 ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2555 ** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2556 ** is another alias for the rowid.
2557 **
2558 ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2559 ** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2560 ** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2561 ** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2562 ** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2563 ** zero.
2564 **
2565 ** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2566 ** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2567 ** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2568 **
2569 ** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2570 ** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2571 ** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2572 ** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2573 ** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2574 ** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2575 ** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2576 ** control to the user.
2577 **
2578 ** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2579 ** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2580 ** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2581 ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2582 **
2583 ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2584 ** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2585 ** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2586 ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2587 ** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2588 ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2589 ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2590 ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2591 ** the return value of this interface.)^
2592 **
2593 ** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2594 ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2595 **
2596 ** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2597 ** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2598 **
2599 ** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2600 ** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2601 ** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2602 ** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2603 ** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2604 ** last insert [rowid].
2605 */
2606 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2607 
2608 /*
2609 ** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2610 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2611 **
2612 ** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2613 ** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2614 ** without inserting a row into the database.
2615 */
2616 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2617 
2618 /*
2619 ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2620 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2621 **
2622 ** ^These functions return the number of rows modified, inserted or
2623 ** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2624 ** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2625 ** The two functions are identical except for the type of the return value
2626 ** and that if the number of rows modified by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE
2627 ** or DELETE is greater than the maximum value supported by type "int", then
2628 ** the return value of sqlite3_changes() is undefined. ^Executing any other
2629 ** type of SQL statement does not modify the value returned by these functions.
2630 **
2631 ** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2632 ** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2633 ** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2634 **
2635 ** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2636 ** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2637 ** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2638 ** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2639 ** tables are counted.
2640 **
2641 ** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2642 ** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2643 ** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2644 ** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2645 **
2646 ** <ul>
2647 **   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2648 **        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2649 **        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2650 **
2651 **   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2652 **        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2653 **        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2654 **        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2655 **        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2656 ** </ul>
2657 **
2658 ** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2659 ** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2660 ** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2661 ** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2662 ** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2663 ** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2664 **
2665 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2666 ** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2667 ** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2668 **
2669 ** See also:
2670 ** <ul>
2671 ** <li> the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface
2672 ** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2673 ** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2674 ** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2675 ** </ul>
2676 */
2677 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2678 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_changes64(sqlite3*);
2679 
2680 /*
2681 ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2682 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2683 **
2684 ** ^These functions return the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2685 ** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2686 ** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2687 ** part of trigger programs. The two functions are identical except for the
2688 ** type of the return value and that if the number of rows modified by the
2689 ** connection exceeds the maximum value supported by type "int", then
2690 ** the return value of sqlite3_total_changes() is undefined. ^Executing
2691 ** any other type of SQL statement does not affect the value returned by
2692 ** sqlite3_total_changes().
2693 **
2694 ** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2695 ** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2696 ** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2697 ** are not counted.
2698 **
2699 ** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
2700 ** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
2701 ** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
2702 ** To detect changes against a database file from other database
2703 ** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
2704 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
2705 **
2706 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2707 ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2708 ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2709 **
2710 ** See also:
2711 ** <ul>
2712 ** <li> the [sqlite3_changes()] interface
2713 ** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2714 ** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2715 ** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2716 ** <li> the [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control]
2717 ** </ul>
2718 */
2719 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2720 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_total_changes64(sqlite3*);
2721 
2722 /*
2723 ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2724 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2725 **
2726 ** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2727 ** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2728 ** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2729 ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2730 ** immediately.
2731 **
2732 ** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2733 ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2734 ** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2735 ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2736 **
2737 ** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2738 ** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2739 ** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2740 **
2741 ** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2742 ** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2743 ** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2744 ** will be rolled back automatically.
2745 **
2746 ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2747 ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2748 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2749 ** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2750 ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2751 ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2752 ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2753 ** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2754 ** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2755 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2756 **
2757 ** ^The [sqlite3_is_interrupted(D)] interface can be used to determine whether
2758 ** or not an interrupt is currently in effect for [database connection] D.
2759 ** It returns 1 if an interrupt is currently in effect, or 0 otherwise.
2760 */
2761 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2762 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_is_interrupted(sqlite3*);
2763 
2764 /*
2765 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2766 **
2767 ** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2768 ** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2769 ** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2770 ** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2771 ** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2772 ** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2773 ** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2774 ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2775 ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2776 ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2777 ** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2778 **
2779 ** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2780 ** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2781 **
2782 ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2783 ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2784 **
2785 ** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2786 ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2787 ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2788 ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2789 ** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2790 **
2791 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2792 ** UTF-8 string.
2793 **
2794 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2795 ** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2796 */
2797 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2798 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2799 
2800 /*
2801 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2802 ** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2803 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2804 **
2805 ** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2806 ** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2807 ** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2808 ** [database connection] D when another thread
2809 ** or process has the table locked.
2810 ** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2811 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2812 **
2813 ** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2814 ** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2815 ** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2816 **
2817 ** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2818 ** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2819 ** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2820 ** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2821 ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2822 ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2823 ** to the application.
2824 ** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2825 ** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2826 **
2827 ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2828 ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2829 ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2830 ** to the application instead of invoking the
2831 ** busy handler.
2832 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2833 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2834 ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2835 ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2836 ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2837 ** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2838 ** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2839 ** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2840 ** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2841 ** the second process to proceed.
2842 **
2843 ** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2844 **
2845 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2846 ** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2847 ** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2848 ** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2849 ** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2850 **
2851 ** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2852 ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2853 ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2854 ** result in undefined behavior.
2855 **
2856 ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2857 ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2858 */
2859 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2860 
2861 /*
2862 ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2863 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2864 **
2865 ** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2866 ** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2867 ** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2868 ** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2869 ** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2870 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2871 **
2872 ** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2873 ** turns off all busy handlers.
2874 **
2875 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2876 ** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2877 ** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2878 ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2879 **
2880 ** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2881 */
2882 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2883 
2884 /*
2885 ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2886 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2887 **
2888 ** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2889 ** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2890 **
2891 ** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2892 ** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2893 ** complete query results from one or more queries.
2894 **
2895 ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2896 ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2897 ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2898 ** and M be the number of columns.
2899 **
2900 ** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2901 ** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2902 ** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2903 ** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2904 ** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2905 ** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2906 **
2907 ** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2908 ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2909 ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2910 **
2911 ** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2912 ** is as follows:
2913 **
2914 ** <blockquote><pre>
2915 **        Name        | Age
2916 **        -----------------------
2917 **        Alice       | 43
2918 **        Bob         | 28
2919 **        Cindy       | 21
2920 ** </pre></blockquote>
2921 **
2922 ** There are two columns (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2923 ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2924 ** in an array named azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2925 **
2926 ** <blockquote><pre>
2927 **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2928 **        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2929 **        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2930 **        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2931 **        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2932 **        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2933 **        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2934 **        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2935 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
2936 **
2937 ** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2938 ** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2939 ** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2940 ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2941 **
2942 ** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2943 ** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2944 ** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2945 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2946 ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2947 ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2948 **
2949 ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2950 ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2951 ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2952 ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2953 ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2954 ** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2955 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2956 */
2957 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
2958   sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2959   const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2960   char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2961   int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2962   int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2963   char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2964 );
2965 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2966 
2967 /*
2968 ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2969 **
2970 ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2971 ** from the standard C library.
2972 ** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2973 ** the standard library printf()
2974 ** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2975 ** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2976 **
2977 ** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2978 ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2979 ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2980 ** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2981 ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2982 ** memory to hold the resulting string.
2983 **
2984 ** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2985 ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2986 ** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2987 ** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2988 ** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2989 ** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2990 ** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2991 ** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2992 ** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2993 ** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2994 ** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2995 ** now without breaking compatibility.
2996 **
2997 ** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2998 ** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2999 ** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
3000 ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
3001 ** written will be n-1 characters.
3002 **
3003 ** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
3004 **
3005 ** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
3006 */
3007 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
3008 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
3009 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
3010 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
3011 
3012 /*
3013 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
3014 **
3015 ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
3016 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
3017 ** does not include operating-system specific [VFS] implementation.  The
3018 ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
3019 **
3020 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
3021 ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
3022 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
3023 ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
3024 ** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
3025 ** a NULL pointer.
3026 **
3027 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
3028 ** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
3029 ** of a signed 32-bit integer.
3030 **
3031 ** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
3032 ** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
3033 ** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
3034 ** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
3035 ** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
3036 ** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
3037 ** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
3038 ** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
3039 ** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
3040 ** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
3041 **
3042 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
3043 ** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
3044 ** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
3045 ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
3046 ** sqlite3_malloc(N).
3047 ** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
3048 ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
3049 ** sqlite3_free(X).
3050 ** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
3051 ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
3052 ** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
3053 ** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
3054 ** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
3055 ** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
3056 ** prior allocation is not freed.
3057 **
3058 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
3059 ** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
3060 ** of a 32-bit signed integer.
3061 **
3062 ** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
3063 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
3064 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
3065 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
3066 ** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
3067 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
3068 ** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
3069 ** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
3070 ** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
3071 **
3072 ** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
3073 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
3074 ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
3075 ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
3076 ** option is used.
3077 **
3078 ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
3079 ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
3080 ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
3081 ** not yet been released.
3082 **
3083 ** The application must not read or write any part of
3084 ** a block of memory after it has been released using
3085 ** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
3086 */
3087 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
3088 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
3089 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
3090 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
3091 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
3092 SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
3093 
3094 /*
3095 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
3096 **
3097 ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
3098 ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
3099 ** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
3100 **
3101 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
3102 ** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
3103 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
3104 ** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
3105 ** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
3106 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
3107 ** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
3108 ** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
3109 ** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
3110 **
3111 ** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
3112 ** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
3113 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
3114 ** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
3115 ** prior to the reset.
3116 */
3117 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
3118 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
3119 
3120 /*
3121 ** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
3122 **
3123 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
3124 ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
3125 ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
3126 ** the built-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
3127 ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
3128 **
3129 ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
3130 ** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
3131 **
3132 ** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
3133 ** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
3134 ** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
3135 ** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
3136 ** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
3137 ** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
3138 ** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
3139 ** method.
3140 */
3141 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
3142 
3143 /*
3144 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
3145 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3146 ** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
3147 **
3148 ** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
3149 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
3150 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
3151 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
3152 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
3153 ** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
3154 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
3155 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
3156 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
3157 ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
3158 ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
3159 ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
3160 ** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
3161 ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
3162 ** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
3163 ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
3164 **
3165 ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
3166 ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
3167 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
3168 ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
3169 ** access is denied.
3170 **
3171 ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
3172 ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
3173 ** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
3174 ** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
3175 ** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
3176 ** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
3177 ** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
3178 ** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
3179 **
3180 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
3181 ** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
3182 ** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
3183 ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
3184 ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
3185 ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
3186 ** columns of a table.
3187 ** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
3188 ** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
3189 ** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
3190 ** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
3191 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
3192 ** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
3193 ** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
3194 **
3195 ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
3196 ** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
3197 ** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
3198 ** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
3199 ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
3200 ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
3201 ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
3202 ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
3203 ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
3204 ** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
3205 **
3206 ** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
3207 ** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
3208 ** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
3209 ** in addition to using an authorizer.
3210 **
3211 ** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
3212 ** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
3213 ** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
3214 ** The authorizer is disabled by default.
3215 **
3216 ** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
3217 ** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
3218 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3219 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3220 **
3221 ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
3222 ** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
3223 ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
3224 ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
3225 **
3226 ** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
3227 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
3228 ** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
3229 ** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
3230 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
3231 */
3232 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
3233   sqlite3*,
3234   int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
3235   void *pUserData
3236 );
3237 
3238 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DROPTABLE_CALLBACK
3239 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_droptable_handle(
3240   sqlite3 *db,
3241   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*)
3242 );
3243 #endif
3244 
3245 /*
3246 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
3247 **
3248 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
3249 ** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
3250 ** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
3251 ** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
3252 ** information.
3253 **
3254 ** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
3255 ** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
3256 */
3257 #define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
3258 #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
3259 
3260 /*
3261 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
3262 **
3263 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
3264 ** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
3265 ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
3266 ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
3267 ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
3268 **
3269 ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
3270 ** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
3271 ** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
3272 ** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
3273 ** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
3274 ** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
3275 ** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
3276 ** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
3277 ** top-level SQL code.
3278 */
3279 /******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
3280 #define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3281 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3282 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3283 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3284 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3285 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
3286 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3287 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
3288 #define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3289 #define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3290 #define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3291 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3292 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3293 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3294 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
3295 #define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3296 #define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
3297 #define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3298 #define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
3299 #define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3300 #define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
3301 #define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
3302 #define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3303 #define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
3304 #define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
3305 #define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
3306 #define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
3307 #define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3308 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3309 #define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3310 #define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
3311 #define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
3312 #define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
3313 #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
3314 
3315 /*
3316 ** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
3317 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3318 **
3319 ** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
3320 ** instead of the routines described here.
3321 **
3322 ** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
3323 ** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
3324 **
3325 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
3326 ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
3327 ** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
3328 ** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
3329 ** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
3330 ** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
3331 ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
3332 **
3333 ** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
3334 ** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
3335 **
3336 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
3337 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
3338 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
3339 ** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
3340 ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
3341 ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
3342 ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
3343 ** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
3344 ** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
3345 ** profile callback.
3346 */
3347 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
3348    void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
3349 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
3350    void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
3351 
3352 /*
3353 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
3354 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
3355 **
3356 ** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
3357 ** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
3358 ** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
3359 ** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
3360 ** is one of the following constants.
3361 **
3362 ** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
3363 **
3364 ** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
3365 ** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
3366 ** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
3367 ** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
3368 ** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3369 **
3370 ** <dl>
3371 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
3372 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
3373 ** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
3374 ** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
3375 ** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
3376 ** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
3377 ** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
3378 ** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
3379 ** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
3380 ** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
3381 ** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
3382 **
3383 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
3384 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
3385 ** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
3386 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3387 ** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is approximately
3388 ** the number of nanoseconds that the prepared statement took to run.
3389 ** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
3390 **
3391 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
3392 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
3393 ** statement generates a single row of result.
3394 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3395 ** X argument is unused.
3396 **
3397 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
3398 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
3399 ** connection closes.
3400 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
3401 ** and the X argument is unused.
3402 ** </dl>
3403 */
3404 #define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3405 #define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3406 #define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3407 #define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3408 
3409 /*
3410 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3411 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3412 **
3413 ** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3414 ** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3415 ** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3416 ** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3417 ** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3418 ** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3419 **
3420 ** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace(D,X,P) or sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)
3421 ** overrides (cancels) all prior calls to sqlite3_trace(D,X,P) or
3422 ** sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) for the [database connection] D.  Each
3423 ** database connection may have at most one trace callback.
3424 **
3425 ** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3426 ** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3427 ** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3428 ** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3429 **
3430 ** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3431 ** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3432 ** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3433 ** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3434 ** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3435 **
3436 ** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3437 ** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3438 ** are deprecated.
3439 */
3440 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3441   sqlite3*,
3442   unsigned uMask,
3443   int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3444   void *pCtx
3445 );
3446 
3447 /*
3448 ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3449 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3450 **
3451 ** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3452 ** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3453 ** [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_prepare()] and similar for
3454 ** database connection D.  An example use for this
3455 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3456 **
3457 ** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3458 ** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3459 ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3460 ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3461 ** handler is disabled.
3462 **
3463 ** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3464 ** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3465 ** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3466 ** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3467 ** than 1.
3468 **
3469 ** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3470 ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3471 ** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3472 **
3473 ** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3474 ** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3475 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3476 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3477 **
3478 ** The progress handler callback would originally only be invoked from the
3479 ** bytecode engine.  It still might be invoked during [sqlite3_prepare()]
3480 ** and similar because those routines might force a reparse of the schema
3481 ** which involves running the bytecode engine.  However, beginning with
3482 ** SQLite version 3.41.0, the progress handler callback might also be
3483 ** invoked directly from [sqlite3_prepare()] while analyzing and generating
3484 ** code for complex queries.
3485 */
3486 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3487 
3488 /*
3489 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3490 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3491 **
3492 ** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3493 ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3494 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3495 ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3496 ** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3497 ** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3498 ** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3499 ** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3500 ** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3501 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3502 ** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3503 ** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3504 **
3505 ** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3506 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3507 ** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3508 **
3509 ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3510 ** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3511 ** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3512 **
3513 ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3514 ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3515 ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3516 ** sqlite3_open_v2() must include, at a minimum, one of the following
3517 ** three flag combinations:)^
3518 **
3519 ** <dl>
3520 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3521 ** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does
3522 ** not already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3523 **
3524 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3525 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or
3526 ** reading only if the file is write protected by the operating
3527 ** system.  In either case the database must already exist, otherwise
3528 ** an error is returned.  For historical reasons, if opening in
3529 ** read-write mode fails due to OS-level permissions, an attempt is
3530 ** made to open it in read-only mode. [sqlite3_db_readonly()] can be
3531 ** used to determine whether the database is actually
3532 ** read-write.</dd>)^
3533 **
3534 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3535 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3536 ** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3537 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3538 ** </dl>
3539 **
3540 ** In addition to the required flags, the following optional flags are
3541 ** also supported:
3542 **
3543 ** <dl>
3544 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_URI]</dt>
3545 ** <dd>The filename can be interpreted as a URI if this flag is set.</dd>)^
3546 **
3547 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY]</dt>
3548 ** <dd>The database will be opened as an in-memory database.  The database
3549 ** is named by the "filename" argument for the purposes of cache-sharing,
3550 ** if shared cache mode is enabled, but the "filename" is otherwise ignored.
3551 ** </dd>)^
3552 **
3553 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX]</dt>
3554 ** <dd>The new database connection will use the "multi-thread"
3555 ** [threading mode].)^  This means that separate threads are allowed
3556 ** to use SQLite at the same time, as long as each thread is using
3557 ** a different [database connection].
3558 **
3559 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX]</dt>
3560 ** <dd>The new database connection will use the "serialized"
3561 ** [threading mode].)^  This means the multiple threads can safely
3562 ** attempt to use the same database connection at the same time.
3563 ** (Mutexes will block any actual concurrency, but in this mode
3564 ** there is no harm in trying.)
3565 **
3566 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE]</dt>
3567 ** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] enabled, overriding
3568 ** the default shared cache setting provided by
3569 ** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3570 ** The [use of shared cache mode is discouraged] and hence shared cache
3571 ** capabilities may be omitted from many builds of SQLite.  In such cases,
3572 ** this option is a no-op.
3573 **
3574 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]</dt>
3575 ** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] disabled, overriding
3576 ** the default shared cache setting provided by
3577 ** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3578 **
3579 ** [[OPEN_EXRESCODE]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE]</dt>
3580 ** <dd>The database connection comes up in "extended result code mode".
3581 ** In other words, the database behaves has if
3582 ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes(db,1)] where called on the database
3583 ** connection as soon as the connection is created. In addition to setting
3584 ** the extended result code mode, this flag also causes [sqlite3_open_v2()]
3585 ** to return an extended result code.</dd>
3586 **
3587 ** [[OPEN_NOFOLLOW]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW]</dt>
3588 ** <dd>The database filename is not allowed to contain a symbolic link</dd>
3589 ** </dl>)^
3590 **
3591 ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3592 ** required combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3593 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3594 ** then the behavior is undefined.  Historic versions of SQLite
3595 ** have silently ignored surplus bits in the flags parameter to
3596 ** sqlite3_open_v2(), however that behavior might not be carried through
3597 ** into future versions of SQLite and so applications should not rely
3598 ** upon it.  Note in particular that the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag is a no-op
3599 ** for sqlite3_open_v2().  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE does *not* cause
3600 ** the open to fail if the database already exists.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE
3601 ** flag is intended for use by the [sqlite3_vfs|VFS interface] only, and not
3602 ** by sqlite3_open_v2().
3603 **
3604 ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3605 ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3606 ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3607 ** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3608 **
3609 ** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3610 ** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3611 ** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3612 ** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3613 ** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3614 ** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3615 ** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3616 **
3617 ** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3618 ** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3619 ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3620 **
3621 ** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3622 **
3623 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3624 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3625 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3626 ** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3627 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3628 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3629 ** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3630 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3631 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3632 ** information.
3633 **
3634 ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3635 ** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3636 ** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3637 ** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3638 ** present, is ignored.
3639 **
3640 ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3641 ** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3642 ** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3643 ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3644 ** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3645 ** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3646 ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3647 **
3648 ** [[core URI query parameters]]
3649 ** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3650 ** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3651 ** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3652 ** following query parameters:
3653 **
3654 ** <ul>
3655 **   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3656 **     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3657 **     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3658 **     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3659 **     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3660 **     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3661 **     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3662 **
3663 **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3664 **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3665 **     an error)^.
3666 **     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3667 **     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3668 **     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3669 **     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3670 **     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3671 **     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3672 **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3673 **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3674 **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3675 **     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3676 **     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3677 **
3678 **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3679 **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3680 **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3681 **     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3682 **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3683 **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3684 **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3685 **     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3686 **
3687 **  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3688 **     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3689 **     storage media on which the database file resides.
3690 **
3691 **  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3692 **     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3693 **     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3694 **     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3695 **     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3696 **     processes uses nolock=1.
3697 **
3698 **  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3699 **     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3700 **     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3701 **     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3702 **     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3703 **     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3704 **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3705 **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3706 **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3707 **
3708 ** </ul>
3709 **
3710 ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3711 ** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3712 ** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3713 ** additional information.
3714 **
3715 ** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3716 **
3717 ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3718 ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3719 ** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3720 **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3721 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3722 **          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3723 **          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3724 **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3725 ** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3726 **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3727 ** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3728 **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3729 **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3730 **          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3731 **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3732 **          in URI filenames.
3733 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3734 **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3735 **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3736 **          default, use a private cache.
3737 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3738 **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3739 **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3740 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3741 **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3742 **          Use "ro" instead:  "file:data.db?mode=ro".
3743 ** </table>
3744 **
3745 ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3746 ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3747 ** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3748 ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3749 ** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3750 ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3751 ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3752 ** the results are undefined.
3753 **
3754 ** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3755 ** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3756 ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3757 ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3758 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3759 **
3760 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3761 ** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3762 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3763 **
3764 ** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3765 */
3766 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
3767   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3768   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3769 );
3770 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
3771   const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3772   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3773 );
3774 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
3775   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3776   sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3777   int flags,              /* Flags */
3778   const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3779 );
3780 
3781 /*
3782 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3783 **
3784 ** These are utility routines, useful to [VFS|custom VFS implementations],
3785 ** that check if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3786 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3787 **
3788 ** The first parameter to these interfaces (hereafter referred to
3789 ** as F) must be one of:
3790 ** <ul>
3791 ** <li> A database filename pointer created by the SQLite core and
3792 ** passed into the xOpen() method of a VFS implementation, or
3793 ** <li> A filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], or
3794 ** <li> A new filename constructed using [sqlite3_create_filename()].
3795 ** </ul>
3796 ** If the F parameter is not one of the above, then the behavior is
3797 ** undefined and probably undesirable.  Older versions of SQLite were
3798 ** more tolerant of invalid F parameters than newer versions.
3799 **
3800 ** If F is a suitable filename (as described in the previous paragraph)
3801 ** and if P is the name of the query parameter, then
3802 ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3803 ** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3804 ** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F and it
3805 ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3806 ** a pointer to an empty string.
3807 **
3808 ** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3809 ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3810 ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3811 ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3812 ** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3813 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3814 ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3815 ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3816 ** parameter on F or if the value of P does not match any of the
3817 ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3818 **
3819 ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3820 ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3821 ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3822 ** zero is returned.
3823 **
3824 ** The sqlite3_uri_key(F,N) returns a pointer to the name (not
3825 ** the value) of the N-th query parameter for filename F, or a NULL
3826 ** pointer if N is less than zero or greater than the number of query
3827 ** parameters minus 1.  The N value is zero-based so N should be 0 to obtain
3828 ** the name of the first query parameter, 1 for the second parameter, and
3829 ** so forth.
3830 **
3831 ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3832 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3833 ** is not a database file pathname pointer that the SQLite core passed
3834 ** into the xOpen VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined
3835 ** and probably undesirable.
3836 **
3837 ** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.31.0] ([dateof:3.31.0]) the input F
3838 ** parameter can also be the name of a rollback journal file or WAL file
3839 ** in addition to the main database file.  Prior to version 3.31.0, these
3840 ** routines would only work if F was the name of the main database file.
3841 ** When the F parameter is the name of the rollback journal or WAL file,
3842 ** it has access to all the same query parameters as were found on the
3843 ** main database file.
3844 **
3845 ** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
3846 */
3847 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(sqlite3_filename z, const char *zParam);
3848 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_uri_boolean(sqlite3_filename z, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3849 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(sqlite3_filename, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3850 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_key(sqlite3_filename z, int N);
3851 
3852 /*
3853 ** CAPI3REF:  Translate filenames
3854 **
3855 ** These routines are available to [VFS|custom VFS implementations] for
3856 ** translating filenames between the main database file, the journal file,
3857 ** and the WAL file.
3858 **
3859 ** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3860 ** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, then sqlite3_filename_database(F)
3861 ** returns the name of the corresponding database file.
3862 **
3863 ** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3864 ** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database filename
3865 ** obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then sqlite3_filename_journal(F)
3866 ** returns the name of the corresponding rollback journal file.
3867 **
3868 ** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3869 ** that was passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database
3870 ** filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then
3871 ** sqlite3_filename_wal(F) returns the name of the corresponding
3872 ** WAL file.
3873 **
3874 ** In all of the above, if F is not the name of a database, journal or WAL
3875 ** filename passed into the VFS from the SQLite core and F is not the
3876 ** return value from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then the result is
3877 ** undefined and is likely a memory access violation.
3878 */
3879 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_database(sqlite3_filename);
3880 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_journal(sqlite3_filename);
3881 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_wal(sqlite3_filename);
3882 
3883 /*
3884 ** CAPI3REF:  Database File Corresponding To A Journal
3885 **
3886 ** ^If X is the name of a rollback or WAL-mode journal file that is
3887 ** passed into the xOpen method of [sqlite3_vfs], then
3888 ** sqlite3_database_file_object(X) returns a pointer to the [sqlite3_file]
3889 ** object that represents the main database file.
3890 **
3891 ** This routine is intended for use in custom [VFS] implementations
3892 ** only.  It is not a general-purpose interface.
3893 ** The argument sqlite3_file_object(X) must be a filename pointer that
3894 ** has been passed into [sqlite3_vfs].xOpen method where the
3895 ** flags parameter to xOpen contains one of the bits
3896 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL] or [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL].  Any other use
3897 ** of this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable
3898 ** behavior.
3899 */
3900 SQLITE_API sqlite3_file *sqlite3_database_file_object(const char*);
3901 
3902 /*
3903 ** CAPI3REF: Create and Destroy VFS Filenames
3904 **
3905 ** These interfaces are provided for use by [VFS shim] implementations and
3906 ** are not useful outside of that context.
3907 **
3908 ** The sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) allocates memory to hold a version of
3909 ** database filename D with corresponding journal file J and WAL file W and
3910 ** with N URI parameters key/values pairs in the array P.  The result from
3911 ** sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) is a pointer to a database filename that
3912 ** is safe to pass to routines like:
3913 ** <ul>
3914 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()],
3915 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()],
3916 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()],
3917 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_key()],
3918 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()],
3919 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()], or
3920 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()].
3921 ** </ul>
3922 ** If a memory allocation error occurs, sqlite3_create_filename() might
3923 ** return a NULL pointer.  The memory obtained from sqlite3_create_filename(X)
3924 ** must be released by a corresponding call to sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
3925 **
3926 ** The P parameter in sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) should be an array
3927 ** of 2*N pointers to strings.  Each pair of pointers in this array corresponds
3928 ** to a key and value for a query parameter.  The P parameter may be a NULL
3929 ** pointer if N is zero.  None of the 2*N pointers in the P array may be
3930 ** NULL pointers and key pointers should not be empty strings.
3931 ** None of the D, J, or W parameters to sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) may
3932 ** be NULL pointers, though they can be empty strings.
3933 **
3934 ** The sqlite3_free_filename(Y) routine releases a memory allocation
3935 ** previously obtained from sqlite3_create_filename().  Invoking
3936 ** sqlite3_free_filename(Y) where Y is a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3937 **
3938 ** If the Y parameter to sqlite3_free_filename(Y) is anything other
3939 ** than a NULL pointer or a pointer previously acquired from
3940 ** sqlite3_create_filename(), then bad things such as heap
3941 ** corruption or segfaults may occur. The value Y should not be
3942 ** used again after sqlite3_free_filename(Y) has been called.  This means
3943 ** that if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen()] method of a VFS has been called using Y,
3944 ** then the corresponding [sqlite3_module.xClose() method should also be
3945 ** invoked prior to calling sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
3946 */
3947 SQLITE_API sqlite3_filename sqlite3_create_filename(
3948   const char *zDatabase,
3949   const char *zJournal,
3950   const char *zWal,
3951   int nParam,
3952   const char **azParam
3953 );
3954 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_filename(sqlite3_filename);
3955 
3956 /*
3957 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3958 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3959 **
3960 ** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3961 ** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3962 ** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3963 ** API call.
3964 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3965 ** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3966 ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3967 ** disabled.
3968 **
3969 ** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
3970 ** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
3971 ** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
3972 ** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
3973 ** interfaces include the following:
3974 **
3975 ** <ul>
3976 ** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
3977 ** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3978 ** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
3979 ** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
3980 ** <li> sqlite3_error_offset()
3981 ** </ul>
3982 **
3983 ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3984 ** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3985 ** (See how SQLite handles [invalid UTF] for exceptions to this rule.)
3986 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3987 ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3988 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3989 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3990 **
3991 ** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3992 ** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3993 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3994 ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3995 **
3996 ** ^If the most recent error references a specific token in the input
3997 ** SQL, the sqlite3_error_offset() interface returns the byte offset
3998 ** of the start of that token.  ^The byte offset returned by
3999 ** sqlite3_error_offset() assumes that the input SQL is UTF8.
4000 ** ^If the most recent error does not reference a specific token in the input
4001 ** SQL, then the sqlite3_error_offset() function returns -1.
4002 **
4003 ** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
4004 ** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
4005 ** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
4006 ** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
4007 ** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
4008 ** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
4009 ** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
4010 ** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
4011 ** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
4012 **
4013 ** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
4014 ** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
4015 ** error code and message may or may not be set.
4016 */
4017 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
4018 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
4019 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
4020 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
4021 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
4022 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_error_offset(sqlite3 *db);
4023 
4024 /*
4025 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
4026 ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
4027 **
4028 ** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
4029 ** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
4030 **
4031 ** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
4032 ** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
4033 ** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
4034 ** prepared statement before it can be run.
4035 **
4036 ** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
4037 **
4038 ** <ol>
4039 ** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
4040 ** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
4041 **      interfaces.
4042 ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
4043 ** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
4044 **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
4045 ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
4046 ** </ol>
4047 */
4048 typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
4049 
4050 /*
4051 ** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
4052 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4053 **
4054 ** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
4055 ** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
4056 ** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
4057 ** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
4058 ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
4059 ** new limit for that construct.)^
4060 **
4061 ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
4062 ** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
4063 ** [limits | hard upper bound]
4064 ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
4065 ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
4066 ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
4067 ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
4068 ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
4069 **
4070 ** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
4071 ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
4072 ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
4073 ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
4074 **
4075 ** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
4076 ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
4077 ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
4078 ** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
4079 ** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
4080 ** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
4081 ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
4082 ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
4083 ** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
4084 ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
4085 ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
4086 ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
4087 **
4088 ** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
4089 */
4090 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
4091 
4092 /*
4093 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
4094 ** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
4095 **
4096 ** These constants define various performance limits
4097 ** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
4098 ** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
4099 ** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
4100 **
4101 ** <dl>
4102 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
4103 ** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
4104 **
4105 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
4106 ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
4107 **
4108 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
4109 ** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
4110 ** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
4111 ** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
4112 **
4113 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
4114 ** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
4115 **
4116 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
4117 ** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
4118 **
4119 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
4120 ** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
4121 ** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
4122 ** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
4123 ** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
4124 **
4125 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
4126 ** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
4127 **
4128 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
4129 ** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
4130 **
4131 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
4132 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
4133 ** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
4134 ** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
4135 **
4136 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
4137 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
4138 ** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
4139 **
4140 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
4141 ** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
4142 **
4143 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
4144 ** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
4145 ** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
4146 ** </dl>
4147 */
4148 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
4149 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
4150 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
4151 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
4152 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
4153 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
4154 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
4155 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
4156 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
4157 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
4158 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
4159 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
4160 
4161 /*
4162 ** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
4163 **
4164 ** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
4165 ** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
4166 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
4167 **
4168 ** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
4169 **
4170 ** <dl>
4171 ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
4172 ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
4173 ** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
4174 ** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
4175 ** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
4176 ** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
4177 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
4178 ** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
4179 ** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
4180 ** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
4181 **
4182 ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
4183 ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
4184 ** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
4185 ** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
4186 ** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
4187 ** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
4188 ** flag.
4189 **
4190 ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
4191 ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
4192 ** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
4193 ** any virtual tables.
4194 ** </dl>
4195 */
4196 #define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
4197 #define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
4198 #define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
4199 
4200 /*
4201 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
4202 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
4203 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4204 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4205 **
4206 ** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
4207 ** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
4208 ** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
4209 **
4210 ** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
4211 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
4212 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
4213 ** for special purposes.
4214 **
4215 ** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
4216 ** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
4217 ** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
4218 ** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
4219 **
4220 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
4221 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
4222 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
4223 **
4224 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
4225 ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
4226 ** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
4227 ** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
4228 ** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
4229 **
4230 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
4231 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
4232 ** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
4233 ** statement is generated.
4234 ** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
4235 ** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
4236 ** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
4237 ** the nul-terminator.
4238 **
4239 ** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
4240 ** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
4241 ** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
4242 ** what remains uncompiled.
4243 **
4244 ** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
4245 ** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
4246 ** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
4247 ** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
4248 ** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
4249 ** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
4250 ** ppStmt may not be NULL.
4251 **
4252 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
4253 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
4254 **
4255 ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
4256 ** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
4257 ** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
4258 ** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
4259 ** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
4260 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
4261 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
4262 ** behave differently in three ways:
4263 **
4264 ** <ol>
4265 ** <li>
4266 ** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
4267 ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
4268 ** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
4269 ** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
4270 ** </li>
4271 **
4272 ** <li>
4273 ** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
4274 ** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
4275 ** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
4276 ** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
4277 ** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
4278 ** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
4279 ** </li>
4280 **
4281 ** <li>
4282 ** ^If the specific value bound to a [parameter | host parameter] in the
4283 ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
4284 ** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
4285 ** a schema change, on the first [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
4286 ** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
4287 ** ^The specific value of a WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
4288 ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
4289 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
4290 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time option is enabled.
4291 ** </li>
4292 ** </ol>
4293 **
4294 ** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
4295 ** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
4296 ** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
4297 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
4298 ** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
4299 */
4300 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
4301   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4302   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4303   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4304   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4305   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4306 );
4307 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
4308   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4309   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4310   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4311   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4312   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4313 );
4314 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
4315   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4316   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4317   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4318   unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4319   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4320   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4321 );
4322 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
4323   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4324   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4325   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4326   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4327   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4328 );
4329 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
4330   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4331   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4332   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4333   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4334   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4335 );
4336 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
4337   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4338   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4339   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4340   unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4341   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4342   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4343 );
4344 
4345 /*
4346 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
4347 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4348 **
4349 ** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
4350 ** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
4351 ** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
4352 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4353 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4354 ** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
4355 ** [bound parameters] expanded.
4356 ** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4357 ** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
4358 ** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
4359 ** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
4360 ** placeholders.
4361 **
4362 ** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
4363 ** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
4364 ** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
4365 ** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
4366 ** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
4367 **
4368 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
4369 ** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
4370 ** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
4371 **
4372 ** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
4373 ** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
4374 ** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
4375 **
4376 ** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
4377 ** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
4378 ** statement is finalized.
4379 ** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
4380 ** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be freed by the application
4381 ** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
4382 **
4383 ** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql() interface is only available if
4384 ** the [SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE] compile-time option is defined.
4385 */
4386 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4387 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4388 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
4389 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4390 #endif
4391 
4392 /*
4393 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
4394 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4395 **
4396 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
4397 ** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
4398 ** the content of the database file.
4399 **
4400 ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
4401 ** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
4402 ** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
4403 ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
4404 ** change the database file through side-effects:
4405 **
4406 ** <blockquote><pre>
4407 **    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
4408 ** </pre></blockquote>
4409 **
4410 ** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
4411 ** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
4412 **
4413 ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
4414 ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
4415 ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
4416 ** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
4417 ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
4418 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
4419 ** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
4420 ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
4421 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
4422 ** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
4423 ** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
4424 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
4425 **
4426 ** ^This routine returns false if there is any possibility that the
4427 ** statement might change the database file.  ^A false return does
4428 ** not guarantee that the statement will change the database file.
4429 ** ^For example, an UPDATE statement might have a WHERE clause that
4430 ** makes it a no-op, but the sqlite3_stmt_readonly() result would still
4431 ** be false.  ^Similarly, a CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS statement is a
4432 ** read-only no-op if the table already exists, but
4433 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() still returns false for such a statement.
4434 **
4435 ** ^If prepared statement X is an [EXPLAIN] or [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
4436 ** statement, then sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) returns the same value as
4437 ** if the EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN prefix were omitted.
4438 */
4439 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4440 
4441 /*
4442 ** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
4443 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4444 **
4445 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
4446 ** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
4447 ** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
4448 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
4449 ** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
4450 */
4451 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4452 
4453 /*
4454 ** CAPI3REF: Change The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
4455 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4456 **
4457 ** The sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,E) interface changes the EXPLAIN
4458 ** setting for [prepared statement] S.  If E is zero, then S becomes
4459 ** a normal prepared statement.  If E is 1, then S behaves as if
4460 ** its SQL text began with "[EXPLAIN]".  If E is 2, then S behaves as if
4461 ** its SQL text began with "[EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]".
4462 **
4463 ** Calling sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,E) might cause S to be reprepared.
4464 ** SQLite tries to avoid a reprepare, but a reprepare might be necessary
4465 ** on the first transition into EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN mode.
4466 **
4467 ** Because of the potential need to reprepare, a call to
4468 ** sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,E) will fail with SQLITE_ERROR if S cannot be
4469 ** reprepared because it was created using [sqlite3_prepare()] instead of
4470 ** the newer [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] interfaces and
4471 ** hence has no saved SQL text with which to reprepare.
4472 **
4473 ** Changing the explain setting for a prepared statement does not change
4474 ** the original SQL text for the statement.  Hence, if the SQL text originally
4475 ** began with EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN, but sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,0)
4476 ** is called to convert the statement into an ordinary statement, the EXPLAIN
4477 ** or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN keywords will still appear in the sqlite3_sql(S)
4478 ** output, even though the statement now acts like a normal SQL statement.
4479 **
4480 ** This routine returns SQLITE_OK if the explain mode is successfully
4481 ** changed, or an error code if the explain mode could not be changed.
4482 ** The explain mode cannot be changed while a statement is active.
4483 ** Hence, it is good practice to call [sqlite3_reset(S)]
4484 ** immediately prior to calling sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,E).
4485 */
4486 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_explain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int eMode);
4487 
4488 /*
4489 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
4490 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4491 **
4492 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
4493 ** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
4494 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
4495 ** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
4496 ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
4497 ** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
4498 ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
4499 ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
4500 **
4501 ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
4502 ** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
4503 ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
4504 ** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
4505 ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
4506 */
4507 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
4508 
4509 /*
4510 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
4511 ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
4512 **
4513 ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
4514 ** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
4515 ** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
4516 ** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
4517 **
4518 ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
4519 ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
4520 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4521 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
4522 ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
4523 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
4524 ** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4525 **
4526 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
4527 ** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
4528 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
4529 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
4530 ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
4531 ** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
4532 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
4533 ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
4534 ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
4535 ** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
4536 ** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
4537 ** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
4538 **
4539 ** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
4540 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
4541 ** ^The sqlite3_value objects returned by [sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()]
4542 ** are protected.
4543 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
4544 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
4545 ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
4546 ** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
4547 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
4548 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
4549 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
4550 */
4551 typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
4552 
4553 /*
4554 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
4555 **
4556 ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
4557 ** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
4558 ** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
4559 ** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
4560 ** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
4561 ** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
4562 ** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
4563 ** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
4564 */
4565 typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
4566 
4567 /*
4568 ** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
4569 ** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
4570 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
4571 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4572 **
4573 ** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
4574 ** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
4575 ** templates:
4576 **
4577 ** <ul>
4578 ** <li>  ?
4579 ** <li>  ?NNN
4580 ** <li>  :VVV
4581 ** <li>  @VVV
4582 ** <li>  $VVV
4583 ** </ul>
4584 **
4585 ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
4586 ** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
4587 ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
4588 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
4589 **
4590 ** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
4591 ** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
4592 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
4593 **
4594 ** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
4595 ** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
4596 ** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
4597 ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
4598 ** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
4599 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
4600 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
4601 ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
4602 ** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 32766).
4603 **
4604 ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
4605 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4606 ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
4607 ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
4608 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() is not NULL, then
4609 ** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF8 text.
4610 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text16() is not NULL, then
4611 ** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF16 text.
4612 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not NULL, then
4613 ** it should be a pointer to a well-formed unicode string that is
4614 ** either UTF8 if the sixth parameter is SQLITE_UTF8, or UTF16
4615 ** otherwise.
4616 **
4617 ** [[byte-order determination rules]] ^The byte-order of
4618 ** UTF16 input text is determined by the byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF)
4619 ** found in first character, which is removed, or in the absence of a BOM
4620 ** the byte order is the native byte order of the host
4621 ** machine for sqlite3_bind_text16() or the byte order specified in
4622 ** the 6th parameter for sqlite3_bind_text64().)^
4623 ** ^If UTF16 input text contains invalid unicode
4624 ** characters, then SQLite might change those invalid characters
4625 ** into the unicode replacement character: U+FFFD.
4626 **
4627 ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
4628 ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
4629 ** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
4630 ** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4631 ** is negative, then the length of the string is
4632 ** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
4633 ** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
4634 ** the behavior is undefined.
4635 ** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
4636 ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
4637 ** that parameter must be the byte offset
4638 ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
4639 ** terminated.  If any NUL characters occurs at byte offsets less than
4640 ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
4641 ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
4642 ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
4643 **
4644 ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces controls
4645 ** or indicates the lifetime of the object referenced by the third parameter.
4646 ** These three options exist:
4647 ** ^ (1) A destructor to dispose of the BLOB or string after SQLite has finished
4648 ** with it may be passed. ^It is called to dispose of the BLOB or string even
4649 ** if the call to the bind API fails, except the destructor is not called if
4650 ** the third parameter is a NULL pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
4651 ** ^ (2) The special constant, [SQLITE_STATIC], may be passed to indicate that
4652 ** the application remains responsible for disposing of the object. ^In this
4653 ** case, the object and the provided pointer to it must remain valid until
4654 ** either the prepared statement is finalized or the same SQL parameter is
4655 ** bound to something else, whichever occurs sooner.
4656 ** ^ (3) The constant, [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], may be passed to indicate that the
4657 ** object is to be copied prior to the return from sqlite3_bind_*(). ^The
4658 ** object and pointer to it must remain valid until then. ^SQLite will then
4659 ** manage the lifetime of its private copy.
4660 **
4661 ** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
4662 ** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
4663 ** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
4664 ** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
4665 ** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
4666 ** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
4667 ** is undefined.
4668 **
4669 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
4670 ** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
4671 ** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
4672 ** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
4673 ** content is later written using
4674 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
4675 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
4676 **
4677 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
4678 ** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
4679 ** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
4680 ** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
4681 ** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
4682 ** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
4683 ** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
4684 ** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4685 **
4686 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
4687 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
4688 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
4689 ** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
4690 ** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
4691 ** result is undefined and probably harmful.
4692 **
4693 ** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
4694 ** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
4695 **
4696 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
4697 ** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
4698 ** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
4699 ** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
4700 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
4701 ** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
4702 ** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
4703 **
4704 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
4705 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4706 */
4707 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
4708 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
4709                         void(*)(void*));
4710 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
4711 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
4712 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
4713 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4714 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
4715 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4716 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
4717                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4718 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
4719 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
4720 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
4721 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
4722 
4723 /*
4724 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
4725 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4726 **
4727 ** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4728 ** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4729 ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4730 ** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4731 ** to the parameters at a later time.
4732 **
4733 ** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4734 ** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4735 ** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4736 ** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4737 **
4738 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4739 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4740 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4741 */
4742 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4743 
4744 /*
4745 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4746 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4747 **
4748 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4749 ** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4750 ** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4751 ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4752 ** respectively.
4753 ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4754 ** is included as part of the name.)^
4755 ** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4756 ** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4757 **
4758 ** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4759 **
4760 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4761 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4762 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4763 ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4764 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4765 **
4766 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4767 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4768 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4769 */
4770 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4771 
4772 /*
4773 ** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4774 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4775 **
4776 ** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4777 ** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4778 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4779 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4780 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4781 ** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4782 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4783 **
4784 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4785 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4786 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4787 */
4788 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4789 
4790 /*
4791 ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4792 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4793 **
4794 ** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4795 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4796 ** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4797 */
4798 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4799 
4800 /*
4801 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4802 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4803 **
4804 ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4805 ** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4806 ** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4807 ** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4808 ** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4809 ** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4810 ** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4811 **
4812 ** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4813 */
4814 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4815 
4816 /*
4817 ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4818 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4819 **
4820 ** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4821 ** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4822 ** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4823 ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4824 ** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4825 ** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4826 ** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4827 **
4828 ** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4829 ** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4830 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4831 ** or until the next call to
4832 ** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4833 **
4834 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4835 ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4836 ** NULL pointer is returned.
4837 **
4838 ** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4839 ** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4840 ** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4841 ** one release of SQLite to the next.
4842 */
4843 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4844 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4845 
4846 /*
4847 ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4848 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4849 **
4850 ** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4851 ** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4852 ** [SELECT] statement.
4853 ** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4854 ** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4855 ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4856 ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4857 ** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4858 ** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4859 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4860 ** or until the same information is requested
4861 ** again in a different encoding.
4862 **
4863 ** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4864 ** database, table, and column.
4865 **
4866 ** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4867 ** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4868 ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4869 ** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4870 **
4871 ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4872 ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4873 ** NULL.  ^These routines might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4874 ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4875 ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4876 **
4877 ** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4878 ** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4879 **
4880 ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4881 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4882 **
4883 ** If two or more threads call one or more
4884 ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4885 ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4886 ** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4887 */
4888 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4889 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4890 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4891 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4892 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4893 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4894 
4895 /*
4896 ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4897 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4898 **
4899 ** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4900 ** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4901 ** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4902 ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4903 ** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4904 ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4905 ** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4906 **
4907 ** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4908 **
4909 ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4910 **
4911 ** and the following statement to be compiled:
4912 **
4913 ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4914 **
4915 ** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4916 ** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4917 **
4918 ** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4919 ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4920 ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4921 ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4922 ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4923 ** used to hold those values.
4924 */
4925 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4926 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4927 
4928 /*
4929 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4930 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4931 **
4932 ** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4933 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4934 ** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4935 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4936 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4937 **
4938 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4939 ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4940 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4941 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4942 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4943 ** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4944 ** interface will continue to be supported.
4945 **
4946 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4947 ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4948 ** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4949 ** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4950 **
4951 ** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4952 ** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4953 ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4954 ** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4955 ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4956 ** continuing.
4957 **
4958 ** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4959 ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4960 ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4961 ** machine back to its initial state.
4962 **
4963 ** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4964 ** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4965 ** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4966 ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4967 **
4968 ** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4969 ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4970 ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4971 ** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4972 ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4973 ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4974 ** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4975 ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4976 **
4977 ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4978 ** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4979 ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4980 ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4981 ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4982 ** more threads at the same moment in time.
4983 **
4984 ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4985 ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4986 ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4987 ** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4988 ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4989 ** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4990 ** sqlite3_step() began
4991 ** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4992 ** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4993 ** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4994 ** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4995 ** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4996 **
4997 ** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4998 ** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4999 ** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
5000 ** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
5001 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
5002 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
5003 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
5004 ** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
5005 ** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
5006 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
5007 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
5008 ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
5009 */
5010 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
5011 
5012 /*
5013 ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
5014 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5015 **
5016 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
5017 ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
5018 ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
5019 ** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column()] family of
5020 ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
5021 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
5022 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
5023 ** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
5024 ** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
5025 ** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
5026 ** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
5027 ** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
5028 **
5029 ** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
5030 */
5031 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5032 
5033 /*
5034 ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
5035 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
5036 **
5037 ** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
5038 **
5039 ** <ul>
5040 ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
5041 ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
5042 ** <li> string
5043 ** <li> BLOB
5044 ** <li> NULL
5045 ** </ul>)^
5046 **
5047 ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
5048 **
5049 ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
5050 ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
5051 ** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
5052 ** SQLITE_TEXT.
5053 */
5054 #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
5055 #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
5056 #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
5057 #define SQLITE_NULL     5
5058 #ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
5059 # undef SQLITE_TEXT
5060 #else
5061 # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
5062 #endif
5063 #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
5064 
5065 /*
5066 ** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
5067 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
5068 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5069 **
5070 ** <b>Summary:</b>
5071 ** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
5072 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
5073 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
5074 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
5075 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
5076 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
5077 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
5078 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
5079 ** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
5080 ** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
5081 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
5082 ** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
5083 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5084 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
5085 ** TEXT in bytes
5086 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
5087 ** datatype of the result
5088 ** </table></blockquote>
5089 **
5090 ** <b>Details:</b>
5091 **
5092 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
5093 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
5094 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
5095 ** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
5096 ** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
5097 ** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
5098 ** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
5099 ** [sqlite3_column_count()].
5100 **
5101 ** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
5102 ** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
5103 ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
5104 ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
5105 ** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
5106 ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
5107 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
5108 ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
5109 ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
5110 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
5111 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
5112 **
5113 ** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
5114 ** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
5115 ** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
5116 ** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
5117 ** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
5118 **
5119 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
5120 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
5121 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
5122 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
5123 ** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
5124 ** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
5125 ** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
5126 ** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
5127 ** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
5128 ** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
5129 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
5130 ** following a type conversion.
5131 **
5132 ** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
5133 ** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
5134 ** of that BLOB or string.
5135 **
5136 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
5137 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
5138 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
5139 ** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
5140 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
5141 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
5142 ** the number of bytes in that string.
5143 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
5144 **
5145 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
5146 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
5147 ** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
5148 ** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
5149 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
5150 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
5151 ** the number of bytes in that string.
5152 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
5153 **
5154 ** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
5155 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
5156 ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
5157 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
5158 ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
5159 **
5160 ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
5161 ** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
5162 ** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
5163 **
5164 ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text16() always have the endianness
5165 ** which is native to the platform, regardless of the text encoding set
5166 ** for the database.
5167 **
5168 ** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
5169 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
5170 ** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
5171 ** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
5172 ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
5173 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
5174 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5175 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
5176 ** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
5177 ** is normally only useful within the implementation of
5178 ** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
5179 ** top-level application code.
5180 **
5181 ** These routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
5182 ** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
5183 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
5184 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
5185 ** that are applied:
5186 **
5187 ** <blockquote>
5188 ** <table border="1">
5189 ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
5190 **
5191 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
5192 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
5193 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
5194 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
5195 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
5196 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
5197 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
5198 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
5199 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
5200 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
5201 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
5202 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
5203 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
5204 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
5205 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
5206 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> [CAST] to TEXT, ensure zero terminator
5207 ** </table>
5208 ** </blockquote>)^
5209 **
5210 ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
5211 ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
5212 ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
5213 ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
5214 ** in the following cases:
5215 **
5216 ** <ul>
5217 ** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
5218 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
5219 **      need to be added to the string.</li>
5220 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
5221 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
5222 **      to UTF-16.</li>
5223 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
5224 **      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
5225 **      to UTF-8.</li>
5226 ** </ul>
5227 **
5228 ** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
5229 ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
5230 ** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
5231 ** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
5232 ** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
5233 **
5234 ** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
5235 ** in one of the following ways:
5236 **
5237 ** <ul>
5238 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
5239 **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
5240 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
5241 ** </ul>
5242 **
5243 ** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
5244 ** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
5245 ** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
5246 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
5247 ** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
5248 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
5249 ** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
5250 **
5251 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
5252 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
5253 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
5254 ** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
5255 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
5256 ** [sqlite3_free()].
5257 **
5258 ** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
5259 ** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5260 ** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5261 ** errors:
5262 **
5263 ** <ul>
5264 ** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
5265 ** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
5266 ** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
5267 ** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
5268 ** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
5269 ** </ul>
5270 **
5271 ** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5272 ** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5273 ** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5274 ** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5275 ** return value is obtained and before any
5276 ** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5277 */
5278 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5279 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5280 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5281 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5282 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5283 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5284 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5285 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5286 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5287 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5288 
5289 /*
5290 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
5291 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
5292 **
5293 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
5294 ** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
5295 ** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
5296 ** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
5297 ** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
5298 ** [extended error code].
5299 **
5300 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
5301 ** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
5302 ** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
5303 ** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
5304 ** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
5305 ** completed execution.
5306 **
5307 ** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
5308 **
5309 ** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
5310 ** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
5311 ** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
5312 ** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
5313 ** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
5314 */
5315 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5316 
5317 /*
5318 ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
5319 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5320 **
5321 ** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
5322 ** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
5323 ** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
5324 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
5325 ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
5326 **
5327 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
5328 ** back to the beginning of its program.
5329 **
5330 ** ^The return code from [sqlite3_reset(S)] indicates whether or not
5331 ** the previous evaluation of prepared statement S completed successfully.
5332 ** ^If [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S or if
5333 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] has not been called since the previous call
5334 ** to [sqlite3_reset(S)], then [sqlite3_reset(S)] will return
5335 ** [SQLITE_OK].
5336 **
5337 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
5338 ** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
5339 ** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
5340 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface might also return an [error code]
5341 ** if there were no prior errors but the process of resetting
5342 ** the prepared statement caused a new error. ^For example, if an
5343 ** [INSERT] statement with a [RETURNING] clause is only stepped one time,
5344 ** that one call to [sqlite3_step(S)] might return SQLITE_ROW but
5345 ** the overall statement might still fail and the [sqlite3_reset(S)] call
5346 ** might return SQLITE_BUSY if locking constraints prevent the
5347 ** database change from committing.  Therefore, it is important that
5348 ** applications check the return code from [sqlite3_reset(S)] even if
5349 ** no prior call to [sqlite3_step(S)] indicated a problem.
5350 **
5351 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
5352 ** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
5353 */
5354 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5355 
5356 
5357 /*
5358 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
5359 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
5360 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5361 **
5362 ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
5363 ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
5364 ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
5365 ** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
5366 ** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
5367 ** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
5368 ** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
5369 ** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
5370 ** needed by [aggregate window functions].
5371 **
5372 ** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
5373 ** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
5374 ** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
5375 ** to each database connection separately.
5376 **
5377 ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
5378 ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
5379 ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
5380 ** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
5381 ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
5382 ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
5383 **
5384 ** ^The third parameter (nArg)
5385 ** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
5386 ** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
5387 ** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
5388 ** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
5389 ** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
5390 ** undefined.
5391 **
5392 ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
5393 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
5394 ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
5395 ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
5396 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
5397 ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
5398 ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
5399 ** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
5400 ** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
5401 ** each encoding.
5402 ** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
5403 ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
5404 **
5405 ** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
5406 ** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
5407 ** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
5408 ** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
5409 ** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
5410 ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
5411 ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
5412 **
5413 ** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
5414 ** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
5415 ** within VIEWs, TRIGGERs, CHECK constraints, generated column expressions,
5416 ** index expressions, or the WHERE clause of partial indexes.
5417 **
5418 ** For best security, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY] flag is recommended for
5419 ** all application-defined SQL functions that do not need to be
5420 ** used inside of triggers, view, CHECK constraints, or other elements of
5421 ** the database schema.  This flags is especially recommended for SQL
5422 ** functions that have side effects or reveal internal application state.
5423 ** Without this flag, an attacker might be able to modify the schema of
5424 ** a database file to include invocations of the function with parameters
5425 ** chosen by the attacker, which the application will then execute when
5426 ** the database file is opened and read.
5427 **
5428 ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
5429 ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
5430 **
5431 ** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
5432 ** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
5433 ** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
5434 ** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
5435 ** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
5436 ** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
5437 ** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
5438 ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
5439 ** callbacks.
5440 **
5441 ** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
5442 ** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
5443 ** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
5444 ** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
5445 ** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
5446 ** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
5447 ** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
5448 ** of aggregate window functions are
5449 ** [user-defined window functions|available here].
5450 **
5451 ** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
5452 ** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
5453 ** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
5454 ** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
5455 ** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
5456 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
5457 ** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
5458 ** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
5459 **
5460 ** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
5461 ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
5462 ** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
5463 ** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
5464 ** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
5465 ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
5466 ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
5467 ** matches the database encoding is a better
5468 ** match than a function where the encoding is different.
5469 ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
5470 ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
5471 ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
5472 **
5473 ** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
5474 **
5475 ** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
5476 ** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
5477 ** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
5478 ** statement in which the function is running.
5479 */
5480 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
5481   sqlite3 *db,
5482   const char *zFunctionName,
5483   int nArg,
5484   int eTextRep,
5485   void *pApp,
5486   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5487   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5488   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5489 );
5490 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
5491   sqlite3 *db,
5492   const void *zFunctionName,
5493   int nArg,
5494   int eTextRep,
5495   void *pApp,
5496   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5497   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5498   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5499 );
5500 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
5501   sqlite3 *db,
5502   const char *zFunctionName,
5503   int nArg,
5504   int eTextRep,
5505   void *pApp,
5506   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5507   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5508   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5509   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5510 );
5511 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_window_function(
5512   sqlite3 *db,
5513   const char *zFunctionName,
5514   int nArg,
5515   int eTextRep,
5516   void *pApp,
5517   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5518   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5519   void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
5520   void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5521   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5522 );
5523 
5524 /*
5525 ** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
5526 **
5527 ** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
5528 ** text encodings supported by SQLite.
5529 */
5530 #define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
5531 #define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
5532 #define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
5533 #define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
5534 #define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
5535 #define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
5536 
5537 /*
5538 ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
5539 **
5540 ** These constants may be ORed together with the
5541 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
5542 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
5543 ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
5544 **
5545 ** <dl>
5546 ** [[SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]] <dt>SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC</dt><dd>
5547 ** The SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag means that the new function always gives
5548 ** the same output when the input parameters are the same.
5549 ** The [abs|abs() function] is deterministic, for example, but
5550 ** [randomblob|randomblob()] is not.  Functions must
5551 ** be deterministic in order to be used in certain contexts such as
5552 ** with the WHERE clause of [partial indexes] or in [generated columns].
5553 ** SQLite might also optimize deterministic functions by factoring them
5554 ** out of inner loops.
5555 ** </dd>
5556 **
5557 ** [[SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]] <dt>SQLITE_DIRECTONLY</dt><dd>
5558 ** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
5559 ** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs nor in
5560 ** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5561 ** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], or [generated columns].
5562 ** <p>
5563 ** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag is recommended for any
5564 ** [application-defined SQL function]
5565 ** that has side-effects or that could potentially leak sensitive information.
5566 ** This will prevent attacks in which an application is tricked
5567 ** into using a database file that has had its schema surreptitiously
5568 ** modified to invoke the application-defined function in ways that are
5569 ** harmful.
5570 ** <p>
5571 ** Some people say it is good practice to set SQLITE_DIRECTONLY on all
5572 ** [application-defined SQL functions], regardless of whether or not they
5573 ** are security sensitive, as doing so prevents those functions from being used
5574 ** inside of the database schema, and thus ensures that the database
5575 ** can be inspected and modified using generic tools (such as the [CLI])
5576 ** that do not have access to the application-defined functions.
5577 ** </dd>
5578 **
5579 ** [[SQLITE_INNOCUOUS]] <dt>SQLITE_INNOCUOUS</dt><dd>
5580 ** The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag means that the function is unlikely
5581 ** to cause problems even if misused.  An innocuous function should have
5582 ** no side effects and should not depend on any values other than its
5583 ** input parameters. The [abs|abs() function] is an example of an
5584 ** innocuous function.
5585 ** The [load_extension() SQL function] is not innocuous because of its
5586 ** side effects.
5587 ** <p> SQLITE_INNOCUOUS is similar to SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, but is not
5588 ** exactly the same.  The [random|random() function] is an example of a
5589 ** function that is innocuous but not deterministic.
5590 ** <p>Some heightened security settings
5591 ** ([SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA] and [PRAGMA trusted_schema=OFF])
5592 ** disable the use of SQL functions inside views and triggers and in
5593 ** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5594 ** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], and [generated columns] unless
5595 ** the function is tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS.  Most built-in functions
5596 ** are innocuous.  Developers are advised to avoid using the
5597 ** SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag for application-defined functions unless the
5598 ** function has been carefully audited and found to be free of potentially
5599 ** security-adverse side-effects and information-leaks.
5600 ** </dd>
5601 **
5602 ** [[SQLITE_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
5603 ** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function might call
5604 ** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
5605 ** This flag instructs SQLite to omit some corner-case optimizations that
5606 ** might disrupt the operation of the [sqlite3_value_subtype()] function,
5607 ** causing it to return zero rather than the correct subtype().
5608 ** SQL functions that invokes [sqlite3_value_subtype()] should have this
5609 ** property.  If the SQLITE_SUBTYPE property is omitted, then the return
5610 ** value from [sqlite3_value_subtype()] might sometimes be zero even though
5611 ** a non-zero subtype was specified by the function argument expression.
5612 **
5613 ** [[SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
5614 ** The SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function might call
5615 ** [sqlite3_result_subtype()] to cause a sub-type to be associated with its
5616 ** result.
5617 ** Every function that invokes [sqlite3_result_subtype()] should have this
5618 ** property.  If it does not, then the call to [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
5619 ** might become a no-op if the function is used as term in an
5620 ** [expression index].  On the other hand, SQL functions that never invoke
5621 ** [sqlite3_result_subtype()] should avoid setting this property, as the
5622 ** purpose of this property is to disable certain optimizations that are
5623 ** incompatible with subtypes.
5624 ** </dd>
5625 ** </dl>
5626 */
5627 #define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x000000800
5628 #define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
5629 #define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
5630 #define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
5631 #define SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE   0x001000000
5632 
5633 /*
5634 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
5635 ** DEPRECATED
5636 **
5637 ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
5638 ** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
5639 ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
5640 ** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
5641 ** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
5642 */
5643 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
5644 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
5645 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
5646 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
5647 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
5648 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
5649 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
5650                       void*,sqlite3_int64);
5651 #endif
5652 
5653 /*
5654 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
5655 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5656 **
5657 ** <b>Summary:</b>
5658 ** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
5659 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
5660 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
5661 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
5662 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
5663 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
5664 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
5665 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
5666 ** the native byteorder
5667 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
5668 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
5669 ** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
5670 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
5671 ** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
5672 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5673 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
5674 ** TEXT in bytes
5675 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
5676 ** datatype of the value
5677 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5678 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
5679 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5680 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
5681 ** against a virtual table.
5682 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_frombind&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5683 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if value originated from a [bound parameter]
5684 ** </table></blockquote>
5685 **
5686 ** <b>Details:</b>
5687 **
5688 ** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
5689 ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
5690 ** are used to pass parameter information into the functions that
5691 ** implement [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
5692 **
5693 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
5694 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
5695 ** is not threadsafe.
5696 **
5697 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
5698 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
5699 ** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
5700 **
5701 ** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
5702 ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
5703 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
5704 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
5705 **
5706 ** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
5707 ** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
5708 ** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
5709 ** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
5710 ** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
5711 ** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5712 **
5713 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
5714 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
5715 ** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
5716 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
5717 ** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
5718 ** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
5719 ** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
5720 ** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
5721 ** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
5722 ** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
5723 **
5724 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
5725 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
5726 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
5727 ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
5728 ** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
5729 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
5730 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
5731 **
5732 ** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
5733 ** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
5734 ** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
5735 ** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
5736 ** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
5737 ** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
5738 ** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
5739 ** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
5740 ** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
5741 ** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
5742 ** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
5743 ** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
5744 **
5745 ** ^The sqlite3_value_frombind(X) interface returns non-zero if the
5746 ** value X originated from one of the [sqlite3_bind_int|sqlite3_bind()]
5747 ** interfaces.  ^If X comes from an SQL literal value, or a table column,
5748 ** or an expression, then sqlite3_value_frombind(X) returns zero.
5749 **
5750 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
5751 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
5752 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
5753 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5754 ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
5755 **
5756 ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
5757 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
5758 **
5759 ** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
5760 ** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5761 ** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5762 ** errors:
5763 **
5764 ** <ul>
5765 ** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
5766 ** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
5767 ** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
5768 ** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
5769 ** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
5770 ** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
5771 ** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
5772 ** </ul>
5773 **
5774 ** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5775 ** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5776 ** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5777 ** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5778 ** return value is obtained and before any
5779 ** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5780 */
5781 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
5782 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
5783 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
5784 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
5785 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
5786 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
5787 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
5788 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
5789 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
5790 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
5791 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
5792 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
5793 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
5794 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
5795 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
5796 
5797 /*
5798 ** CAPI3REF: Report the internal text encoding state of an sqlite3_value object
5799 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5800 **
5801 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_encoding(X) interface returns one of [SQLITE_UTF8],
5802 ** [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE] according to the current text encoding
5803 ** of the value X, assuming that X has type TEXT.)^  If sqlite3_value_type(X)
5804 ** returns something other than SQLITE_TEXT, then the return value from
5805 ** sqlite3_value_encoding(X) is meaningless.  ^Calls to
5806 ** [sqlite3_value_text(X)], [sqlite3_value_text16(X)], [sqlite3_value_text16be(X)],
5807 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le(X)], [sqlite3_value_bytes(X)], or
5808 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes16(X)] might change the encoding of the value X and
5809 ** thus change the return from subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_encoding(X).
5810 **
5811 ** This routine is intended for used by applications that test and validate
5812 ** the SQLite implementation.  This routine is inquiring about the opaque
5813 ** internal state of an [sqlite3_value] object.  Ordinary applications should
5814 ** not need to know what the internal state of an sqlite3_value object is and
5815 ** hence should not need to use this interface.
5816 */
5817 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_encoding(sqlite3_value*);
5818 
5819 /*
5820 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
5821 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5822 **
5823 ** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
5824 ** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
5825 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
5826 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
5827 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
5828 **
5829 ** Every [application-defined SQL function] that invoke this interface
5830 ** should include the [SQLITE_SUBTYPE] property in the text
5831 ** encoding argument when the function is [sqlite3_create_function|registered].
5832 ** If the [SQLITE_SUBTYPE] property is omitted, then sqlite3_value_subtype()
5833 ** might return zero instead of the upstream subtype in some corner cases.
5834 */
5835 SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
5836 
5837 /*
5838 ** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
5839 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5840 **
5841 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5842 ** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
5843 ** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
5844 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
5845 ** memory allocation fails. ^If V is a [pointer value], then the result
5846 ** of sqlite3_value_dup(V) is a NULL value.
5847 **
5848 ** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
5849 ** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
5850 ** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
5851 */
5852 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
5853 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
5854 
5855 /*
5856 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
5857 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5858 **
5859 ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
5860 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
5861 **
5862 ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
5863 ** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite allocates
5864 ** N bytes of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
5865 ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
5866 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
5867 ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
5868 ** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
5869 ** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
5870 ** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
5871 ** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
5872 ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
5873 ** first time from within xFinal().)^
5874 **
5875 ** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
5876 ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
5877 ** allocation error occurs.
5878 **
5879 ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
5880 ** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
5881 ** value of N in any subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
5882 ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
5883 ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
5884 ** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
5885 ** pointless memory allocations occur.
5886 **
5887 ** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
5888 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
5889 **
5890 ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
5891 ** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
5892 ** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
5893 ** function.
5894 **
5895 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5896 ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
5897 */
5898 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
5899 
5900 /*
5901 ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
5902 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5903 **
5904 ** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
5905 ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
5906 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5907 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5908 ** registered the application defined function.
5909 **
5910 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5911 ** the application-defined function is running.
5912 */
5913 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
5914 
5915 /*
5916 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
5917 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5918 **
5919 ** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
5920 ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
5921 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5922 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5923 ** registered the application defined function.
5924 */
5925 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
5926 
5927 /*
5928 ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
5929 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5930 **
5931 ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
5932 ** associate auxiliary data with argument values. If the same argument
5933 ** value is passed to multiple invocations of the same SQL function during
5934 ** query execution, under some circumstances the associated auxiliary data
5935 ** might be preserved.  An example of where this might be useful is in a
5936 ** regular-expression matching function. The compiled version of the regular
5937 ** expression can be stored as auxiliary data associated with the pattern string.
5938 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
5939 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
5940 ** invocations of the same function.
5941 **
5942 ** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the auxiliary data
5943 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
5944 ** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
5945 ** function argument.  ^If there is no auxiliary data
5946 ** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
5947 ** returns a NULL pointer.
5948 **
5949 ** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as auxiliary data for the
5950 ** N-th argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5951 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5952 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the auxiliary data is still valid or
5953 ** NULL if the auxiliary data has been discarded.
5954 ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5955 ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5956 ** once, when the auxiliary data is discarded.
5957 ** SQLite is free to discard the auxiliary data at any time, including: <ul>
5958 ** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5959 ** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5960 **      SQL statement)^, or
5961 ** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5962 **       parameter)^, or
5963 ** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5964 **      allocation error occurs.)^
5965 ** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call if the function
5966 **      is evaluated during query planning instead of during query execution,
5967 **      as sometimes happens with [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4].)^ </ul>
5968 **
5969 ** Note the last two bullets in particular.  The destructor X in
5970 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5971 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5972 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5973 ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5974 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.  Furthermore, a call to
5975 ** sqlite3_get_auxdata() that occurs immediately after a corresponding call
5976 ** to sqlite3_set_auxdata() might still return NULL if an out-of-memory
5977 ** condition occurred during the sqlite3_set_auxdata() call or if the
5978 ** function is being evaluated during query planning rather than during
5979 ** query execution.
5980 **
5981 ** ^(In practice, auxiliary data is preserved between function calls for
5982 ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5983 ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5984 **
5985 ** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5986 ** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5987 ** kinds of function caching behavior.
5988 **
5989 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5990 ** the SQL function is running.
5991 **
5992 ** See also: [sqlite3_get_clientdata()] and [sqlite3_set_clientdata()].
5993 */
5994 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5995 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5996 
5997 /*
5998 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Client Data
5999 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6000 **
6001 ** These functions are used to associate one or more named pointers
6002 ** with a [database connection].
6003 ** A call to sqlite3_set_clientdata(D,N,P,X) causes the pointer P
6004 ** to be attached to [database connection] D using name N.  Subsequent
6005 ** calls to sqlite3_get_clientdata(D,N) will return a copy of pointer P
6006 ** or a NULL pointer if there were no prior calls to
6007 ** sqlite3_set_clientdata() with the same values of D and N.
6008 ** Names are compared using strcmp() and are thus case sensitive.
6009 **
6010 ** If P and X are both non-NULL, then the destructor X is invoked with
6011 ** argument P on the first of the following occurrences:
6012 ** <ul>
6013 ** <li> An out-of-memory error occurs during the call to
6014 **      sqlite3_set_clientdata() which attempts to register pointer P.
6015 ** <li> A subsequent call to sqlite3_set_clientdata(D,N,P,X) is made
6016 **      with the same D and N parameters.
6017 ** <li> The database connection closes.  SQLite does not make any guarantees
6018 **      about the order in which destructors are called, only that all
6019 **      destructors will be called exactly once at some point during the
6020 **      database connection closing process.
6021 ** </ul>
6022 **
6023 ** SQLite does not do anything with client data other than invoke
6024 ** destructors on the client data at the appropriate time.  The intended
6025 ** use for client data is to provide a mechanism for wrapper libraries
6026 ** to store additional information about an SQLite database connection.
6027 **
6028 ** There is no limit (other than available memory) on the number of different
6029 ** client data pointers (with different names) that can be attached to a
6030 ** single database connection.  However, the implementation is optimized
6031 ** for the case of having only one or two different client data names.
6032 ** Applications and wrapper libraries are discouraged from using more than
6033 ** one client data name each.
6034 **
6035 ** There is no way to enumerate the client data pointers
6036 ** associated with a database connection.  The N parameter can be thought
6037 ** of as a secret key such that only code that knows the secret key is able
6038 ** to access the associated data.
6039 **
6040 ** Security Warning:  These interfaces should not be exposed in scripting
6041 ** languages or in other circumstances where it might be possible for an
6042 ** an attacker to invoke them.  Any agent that can invoke these interfaces
6043 ** can probably also take control of the process.
6044 **
6045 ** Database connection client data is only available for SQLite
6046 ** version 3.44.0 ([dateof:3.44.0]) and later.
6047 **
6048 ** See also: [sqlite3_set_auxdata()] and [sqlite3_get_auxdata()].
6049 */
6050 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_clientdata(sqlite3*,const char*);
6051 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_clientdata(sqlite3*, const char*, void*, void(*)(void*));
6052 
6053 /*
6054 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
6055 **
6056 ** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
6057 ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
6058 ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
6059 ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
6060 ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
6061 ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
6062 ** the content before returning.
6063 **
6064 ** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
6065 ** C++ compilers.
6066 */
6067 typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
6068 #define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
6069 #define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
6070 
6071 /*
6072 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
6073 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
6074 **
6075 ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
6076 ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
6077 ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
6078 ** for additional information.
6079 **
6080 ** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
6081 ** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
6082 ** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
6083 **
6084 ** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
6085 ** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
6086 ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
6087 ** third parameter.
6088 **
6089 ** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
6090 ** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
6091 ** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
6092 **
6093 ** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
6094 ** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
6095 ** by its 2nd argument.
6096 **
6097 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
6098 ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
6099 ** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
6100 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
6101 ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
6102 ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
6103 ** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 using
6104 ** the same [byte-order determination rules] as [sqlite3_bind_text16()].
6105 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
6106 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
6107 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
6108 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
6109 ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
6110 ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
6111 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
6112 ** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
6113 ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
6114 ** modify the text after they return without harm.
6115 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
6116 ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
6117 ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
6118 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
6119 **
6120 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
6121 ** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
6122 **
6123 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
6124 ** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
6125 **
6126 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
6127 ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
6128 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
6129 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
6130 ** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
6131 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
6132 **
6133 ** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
6134 ** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
6135 **
6136 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
6137 ** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
6138 ** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
6139 ** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
6140 ** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
6141 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
6142 ** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
6143 ** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
6144 ** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
6145 ** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
6146 ** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
6147 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to any of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
6148 ** other than sqlite3_result_text64() is negative, then SQLite computes
6149 ** the string length itself by searching the 2nd parameter for the first
6150 ** zero character.
6151 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
6152 ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
6153 ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
6154 ** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
6155 ** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
6156 ** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
6157 ** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
6158 ** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
6159 ** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
6160 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
6161 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
6162 ** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
6163 ** finished using that result.
6164 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
6165 ** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
6166 ** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
6167 ** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
6168 ** when it has finished using that result.
6169 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
6170 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
6171 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
6172 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
6173 **
6174 ** ^For the sqlite3_result_text16(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
6175 ** sqlite3_result_text16be() routines, and for sqlite3_result_text64()
6176 ** when the encoding is not UTF8, if the input UTF16 begins with a
6177 ** byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF) then the BOM is removed from the
6178 ** string and the rest of the string is interpreted according to the
6179 ** byte-order specified by the BOM.  ^The byte-order specified by
6180 ** the BOM at the beginning of the text overrides the byte-order
6181 ** specified by the interface procedure.  ^So, for example, if
6182 ** sqlite3_result_text16le() is invoked with text that begins
6183 ** with bytes 0xfe, 0xff (a big-endian byte-order mark) then the
6184 ** first two bytes of input are skipped and the remaining input
6185 ** is interpreted as UTF16BE text.
6186 **
6187 ** ^For UTF16 input text to the sqlite3_result_text16(),
6188 ** sqlite3_result_text16be(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
6189 ** sqlite3_result_text64() routines, if the text contains invalid
6190 ** UTF16 characters, the invalid characters might be converted
6191 ** into the unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.
6192 **
6193 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
6194 ** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
6195 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
6196 ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
6197 ** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
6198 ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
6199 ** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
6200 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
6201 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
6202 **
6203 ** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
6204 ** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
6205 ** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
6206 ** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
6207 ** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
6208 ** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
6209 ** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
6210 ** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
6211 ** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
6212 ** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
6213 **
6214 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
6215 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
6216 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
6217 */
6218 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
6219 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
6220                            sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
6221 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
6222 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
6223 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
6224 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
6225 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
6226 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
6227 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
6228 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
6229 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
6230 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
6231 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
6232                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
6233 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
6234 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
6235 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
6236 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
6237 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
6238 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
6239 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
6240 
6241 
6242 /*
6243 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
6244 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
6245 **
6246 ** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
6247 ** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
6248 ** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
6249 ** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
6250 ** higher order bits are discarded.
6251 ** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
6252 ** in future releases of SQLite.
6253 **
6254 ** Every [application-defined SQL function] that invokes this interface
6255 ** should include the [SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE] property in its
6256 ** text encoding argument when the SQL function is
6257 ** [sqlite3_create_function|registered].  If the [SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE]
6258 ** property is omitted from the function that invokes sqlite3_result_subtype(),
6259 ** then in some cases the sqlite3_result_subtype() might fail to set
6260 ** the result subtype.
6261 **
6262 ** If SQLite is compiled with -DSQLITE_STRICT_SUBTYPE=1, then any
6263 ** SQL function that invokes the sqlite3_result_subtype() interface
6264 ** and that does not have the SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE property will raise
6265 ** an error.  Future versions of SQLite might enable -DSQLITE_STRICT_SUBTYPE=1
6266 ** by default.
6267 */
6268 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
6269 
6270 /*
6271 ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
6272 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6273 **
6274 ** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
6275 ** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
6276 **
6277 ** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
6278 ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
6279 ** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
6280 ** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
6281 ** considered to be the same name.
6282 **
6283 ** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
6284 ** <ul>
6285 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
6286 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
6287 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
6288 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
6289 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
6290 ** </ul>)^
6291 ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
6292 ** to the collating function callback, xCompare.
6293 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
6294 ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
6295 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
6296 ** on an even byte address.
6297 **
6298 ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
6299 ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
6300 **
6301 ** ^The fifth argument, xCompare, is a pointer to the collating function.
6302 ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
6303 ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
6304 ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
6305 ** ^If the xCompare argument is NULL then the collating function is
6306 ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
6307 ** that collation is no longer usable.
6308 **
6309 ** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
6310 ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
6311 ** by the eTextRep argument.  The two integer parameters to the collating
6312 ** function callback are the length of the two strings, in bytes. The collating
6313 ** function must return an integer that is negative, zero, or positive
6314 ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
6315 ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
6316 ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
6317 ** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
6318 ** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
6319 ** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
6320 ** strings A, B, and C:
6321 **
6322 ** <ol>
6323 ** <li> If A==B then B==A.
6324 ** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
6325 ** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
6326 ** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
6327 ** </ol>
6328 **
6329 ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
6330 ** collating function is registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
6331 ** is undefined.
6332 **
6333 ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
6334 ** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
6335 ** the collating function is deleted.
6336 ** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
6337 ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
6338 ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
6339 **
6340 ** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
6341 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
6342 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
6343 ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
6344 ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
6345 ** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
6346 ** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
6347 ** compatibility.
6348 **
6349 ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
6350 */
6351 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
6352   sqlite3*,
6353   const char *zName,
6354   int eTextRep,
6355   void *pArg,
6356   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
6357 );
6358 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
6359   sqlite3*,
6360   const char *zName,
6361   int eTextRep,
6362   void *pArg,
6363   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
6364   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
6365 );
6366 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
6367   sqlite3*,
6368   const void *zName,
6369   int eTextRep,
6370   void *pArg,
6371   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
6372 );
6373 
6374 /*
6375 ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
6376 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6377 **
6378 ** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
6379 ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
6380 ** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
6381 ** sequence is required.
6382 **
6383 ** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
6384 ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
6385 ** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
6386 ** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
6387 ** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
6388 **
6389 ** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
6390 ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
6391 ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
6392 ** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
6393 ** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
6394 ** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
6395 ** required collation sequence.)^
6396 **
6397 ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
6398 ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
6399 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
6400 */
6401 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
6402   sqlite3*,
6403   void*,
6404   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
6405 );
6406 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
6407   sqlite3*,
6408   void*,
6409   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
6410 );
6411 
6412 #ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
6413 /*
6414 ** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
6415 ** called right after sqlite3_open().
6416 **
6417 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
6418 ** of SQLite.
6419 */
6420 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key(
6421   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
6422   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
6423 );
6424 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key_v2(
6425   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
6426   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
6427   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
6428 );
6429 
6430 /*
6431 ** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
6432 ** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
6433 ** database is decrypted.
6434 **
6435 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
6436 ** of SQLite.
6437 */
6438 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey(
6439   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
6440   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
6441 );
6442 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
6443   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
6444   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
6445   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
6446 );
6447 
6448 #endif
6449 
6450 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
6451 /*
6452 ** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
6453 ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
6454 */
6455 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
6456   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
6457 );
6458 #endif
6459 
6460 /*
6461 ** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
6462 **
6463 ** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
6464 ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
6465 **
6466 ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
6467 ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
6468 ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
6469 ** requested from the operating system is returned.
6470 **
6471 ** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
6472 ** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
6473 ** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
6474 ** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
6475 ** in the previous paragraphs.
6476 **
6477 ** If a negative argument is passed to sqlite3_sleep() the results vary by
6478 ** VFS and operating system.  Some system treat a negative argument as an
6479 ** instruction to sleep forever.  Others understand it to mean do not sleep
6480 ** at all. ^In SQLite version 3.42.0 and later, a negative
6481 ** argument passed into sqlite3_sleep() is changed to zero before it is relayed
6482 ** down into the xSleep method of the VFS.
6483 */
6484 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
6485 
6486 /*
6487 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
6488 **
6489 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
6490 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
6491 ** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
6492 ** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
6493 ** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
6494 ** temporary file directory.
6495 **
6496 ** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
6497 ** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
6498 ** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
6499 ** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
6500 ** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
6501 ** be avoided in new projects.
6502 **
6503 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6504 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6505 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6506 ** thread.
6507 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
6508 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6509 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6510 ** thereafter.
6511 **
6512 ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6513 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6514 ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6515 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6516 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6517 ** using [sqlite3_free].
6518 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6519 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6520 ** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6521 ** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
6522 ** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
6523 ** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
6524 ** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
6525 ** objects have been destroyed.
6526 **
6527 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
6528 ** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
6529 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
6530 ** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
6531 **
6532 ** <blockquote><pre>
6533 ** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
6534 ** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
6535 ** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
6536 ** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
6537 ** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
6538 ** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
6539 ** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
6540 ** </pre></blockquote>
6541 */
6542 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
6543 
6544 /*
6545 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
6546 **
6547 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
6548 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
6549 ** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
6550 ** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
6551 ** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
6552 ** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
6553 ** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
6554 ** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
6555 ** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
6556 **
6557 ** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
6558 ** open can result in a corrupt database.
6559 **
6560 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6561 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6562 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6563 ** thread.
6564 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
6565 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6566 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6567 ** thereafter.
6568 **
6569 ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6570 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6571 ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6572 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6573 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6574 ** using [sqlite3_free].
6575 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6576 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6577 ** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6578 */
6579 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
6580 
6581 /*
6582 ** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
6583 **
6584 ** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
6585 ** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
6586 ** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
6587 ** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
6588 ** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
6589 ** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6590 ** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
6591 ** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
6592 ** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
6593 ** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
6594 ** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
6595 ** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
6596 ** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
6597 ** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
6598 ** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
6599 */
6600 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
6601   unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
6602   void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
6603 );
6604 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
6605 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
6606 
6607 /*
6608 ** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
6609 **
6610 ** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
6611 ** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
6612 */
6613 #define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
6614 #define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
6615 
6616 /*
6617 ** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
6618 ** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
6619 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6620 **
6621 ** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
6622 ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
6623 ** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
6624 ** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
6625 ** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
6626 **
6627 ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
6628 ** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
6629 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
6630 ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
6631 ** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
6632 ** an error is to use this function.
6633 **
6634 ** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
6635 ** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
6636 ** is undefined.
6637 */
6638 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
6639 
6640 /*
6641 ** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
6642 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
6643 **
6644 ** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
6645 ** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
6646 ** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
6647 ** that was the first argument
6648 ** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
6649 ** create the statement in the first place.
6650 */
6651 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
6652 
6653 /*
6654 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Schema Name For A Database Connection
6655 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6656 **
6657 ** ^The sqlite3_db_name(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the schema name
6658 ** for the N-th database on database connection D, or a NULL pointer of N is
6659 ** out of range.  An N value of 0 means the main database file.  An N of 1 is
6660 ** the "temp" schema.  Larger values of N correspond to various ATTACH-ed
6661 ** databases.
6662 **
6663 ** Space to hold the string that is returned by sqlite3_db_name() is managed
6664 ** by SQLite itself.  The string might be deallocated by any operation that
6665 ** changes the schema, including [ATTACH] or [DETACH] or calls to
6666 ** [sqlite3_serialize()] or [sqlite3_deserialize()], even operations that
6667 ** occur on a different thread.  Applications that need to
6668 ** remember the string long-term should make their own copy.  Applications that
6669 ** are accessing the same database connection simultaneously on multiple
6670 ** threads should mutex-protect calls to this API and should make their own
6671 ** private copy of the result prior to releasing the mutex.
6672 */
6673 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_name(sqlite3 *db, int N);
6674 
6675 /*
6676 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
6677 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6678 **
6679 ** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the filename
6680 ** associated with database N of connection D.
6681 ** ^If there is no attached database N on the database
6682 ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
6683 ** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
6684 **
6685 ** ^The string value returned by this routine is owned and managed by
6686 ** the database connection.  ^The value will be valid until the database N
6687 ** is [DETACH]-ed or until the database connection closes.
6688 **
6689 ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
6690 ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
6691 ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
6692 ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
6693 **
6694 ** If the filename pointer returned by this routine is not NULL, then it
6695 ** can be used as the filename input parameter to these routines:
6696 ** <ul>
6697 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()]
6698 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()]
6699 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()]
6700 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()]
6701 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()]
6702 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()]
6703 ** </ul>
6704 */
6705 SQLITE_API sqlite3_filename sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6706 
6707 /*
6708 ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
6709 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6710 **
6711 ** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
6712 ** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
6713 ** the name of a database on connection D.
6714 */
6715 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6716 
6717 /*
6718 ** CAPI3REF: Determine the transaction state of a database
6719 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6720 **
6721 ** ^The sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) interface returns the current
6722 ** [transaction state] of schema S in database connection D.  ^If S is NULL,
6723 ** then the highest transaction state of any schema on database connection D
6724 ** is returned.  Transaction states are (in order of lowest to highest):
6725 ** <ol>
6726 ** <li value="0"> SQLITE_TXN_NONE
6727 ** <li value="1"> SQLITE_TXN_READ
6728 ** <li value="2"> SQLITE_TXN_WRITE
6729 ** </ol>
6730 ** ^If the S argument to sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) is not the name of
6731 ** a valid schema, then -1 is returned.
6732 */
6733 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3*,const char *zSchema);
6734 
6735 /*
6736 ** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from sqlite3_txn_state()
6737 ** KEYWORDS: {transaction state}
6738 **
6739 ** These constants define the current transaction state of a database file.
6740 ** ^The [sqlite3_txn_state(D,S)] interface returns one of these
6741 ** constants in order to describe the transaction state of schema S
6742 ** in [database connection] D.
6743 **
6744 ** <dl>
6745 ** [[SQLITE_TXN_NONE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_NONE</dt>
6746 ** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_NONE state means that no transaction is currently
6747 ** pending.</dd>
6748 **
6749 ** [[SQLITE_TXN_READ]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_READ</dt>
6750 ** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_READ state means that the database is currently
6751 ** in a read transaction.  Content has been read from the database file
6752 ** but nothing in the database file has changed.  The transaction state
6753 ** will advanced to SQLITE_TXN_WRITE if any changes occur and there are
6754 ** no other conflicting concurrent write transactions.  The transaction
6755 ** state will revert to SQLITE_TXN_NONE following a [ROLLBACK] or
6756 ** [COMMIT].</dd>
6757 **
6758 ** [[SQLITE_TXN_WRITE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_WRITE</dt>
6759 ** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_WRITE state means that the database is currently
6760 ** in a write transaction.  Content has been written to the database file
6761 ** but has not yet committed.  The transaction state will change to
6762 ** to SQLITE_TXN_NONE at the next [ROLLBACK] or [COMMIT].</dd>
6763 */
6764 #define SQLITE_TXN_NONE  0
6765 #define SQLITE_TXN_READ  1
6766 #define SQLITE_TXN_WRITE 2
6767 
6768 /*
6769 ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
6770 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6771 **
6772 ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
6773 ** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
6774 ** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
6775 ** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
6776 ** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
6777 **
6778 ** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
6779 ** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
6780 ** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
6781 */
6782 SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
6783 
6784 /*
6785 ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
6786 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6787 **
6788 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
6789 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
6790 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
6791 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
6792 ** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
6793 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
6794 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
6795 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
6796 ** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
6797 ** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
6798 ** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
6799 **
6800 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
6801 ** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
6802 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6803 ** the first call for each function on D.
6804 **
6805 ** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
6806 ** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
6807 ** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
6808 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6809 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
6810 ** or rollback hook in the first place.
6811 ** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
6812 ** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
6813 ** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6814 **
6815 ** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
6816 **
6817 ** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
6818 ** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
6819 ** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
6820 ** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
6821 ** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
6822 **
6823 ** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
6824 ** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
6825 ** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
6826 ** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
6827 ** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
6828 **
6829 ** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
6830 */
6831 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
6832 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
6833 
6834 /*
6835 ** CAPI3REF: Autovacuum Compaction Amount Callback
6836 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6837 **
6838 ** ^The sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) interface registers a callback
6839 ** function C that is invoked prior to each autovacuum of the database
6840 ** file.  ^The callback is passed a copy of the generic data pointer (P),
6841 ** the schema-name of the attached database that is being autovacuumed,
6842 ** the size of the database file in pages, the number of free pages,
6843 ** and the number of bytes per page, respectively.  The callback should
6844 ** return the number of free pages that should be removed by the
6845 ** autovacuum.  ^If the callback returns zero, then no autovacuum happens.
6846 ** ^If the value returned is greater than or equal to the number of
6847 ** free pages, then a complete autovacuum happens.
6848 **
6849 ** <p>^If there are multiple ATTACH-ed database files that are being
6850 ** modified as part of a transaction commit, then the autovacuum pages
6851 ** callback is invoked separately for each file.
6852 **
6853 ** <p><b>The callback is not reentrant.</b> The callback function should
6854 ** not attempt to invoke any other SQLite interface.  If it does, bad
6855 ** things may happen, including segmentation faults and corrupt database
6856 ** files.  The callback function should be a simple function that
6857 ** does some arithmetic on its input parameters and returns a result.
6858 **
6859 ** ^The X parameter to sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) is an optional
6860 ** destructor for the P parameter.  ^If X is not NULL, then X(P) is
6861 ** invoked whenever the database connection closes or when the callback
6862 ** is overwritten by another invocation of sqlite3_autovacuum_pages().
6863 **
6864 ** <p>^There is only one autovacuum pages callback per database connection.
6865 ** ^Each call to the sqlite3_autovacuum_pages() interface overrides all
6866 ** previous invocations for that database connection.  ^If the callback
6867 ** argument (C) to sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) is a NULL pointer,
6868 ** then the autovacuum steps callback is canceled.  The return value
6869 ** from sqlite3_autovacuum_pages() is normally SQLITE_OK, but might
6870 ** be some other error code if something goes wrong.  The current
6871 ** implementation will only return SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_MISUSE, but other
6872 ** return codes might be added in future releases.
6873 **
6874 ** <p>If no autovacuum pages callback is specified (the usual case) or
6875 ** a NULL pointer is provided for the callback,
6876 ** then the default behavior is to vacuum all free pages.  So, in other
6877 ** words, the default behavior is the same as if the callback function
6878 ** were something like this:
6879 **
6880 ** <blockquote><pre>
6881 ** &nbsp;   unsigned int demonstration_autovac_pages_callback(
6882 ** &nbsp;     void *pClientData,
6883 ** &nbsp;     const char *zSchema,
6884 ** &nbsp;     unsigned int nDbPage,
6885 ** &nbsp;     unsigned int nFreePage,
6886 ** &nbsp;     unsigned int nBytePerPage
6887 ** &nbsp;   ){
6888 ** &nbsp;     return nFreePage;
6889 ** &nbsp;   }
6890 ** </pre></blockquote>
6891 */
6892 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(
6893   sqlite3 *db,
6894   unsigned int(*)(void*,const char*,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int),
6895   void*,
6896   void(*)(void*)
6897 );
6898 
6899 
6900 /*
6901 ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
6902 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6903 **
6904 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
6905 ** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
6906 ** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
6907 ** a [rowid table].
6908 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
6909 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
6910 **
6911 ** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
6912 ** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
6913 ** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
6914 ** to sqlite3_update_hook().
6915 ** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
6916 ** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
6917 ** to be invoked.
6918 ** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
6919 ** database and table name containing the affected row.
6920 ** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
6921 ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
6922 **
6923 ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
6924 ** modified (i.e. sqlite_sequence).)^
6925 ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
6926 **
6927 ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
6928 ** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
6929 ** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
6930 ** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
6931 ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
6932 ** release of SQLite.
6933 **
6934 ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
6935 ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
6936 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6937 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
6938 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
6939 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6940 **
6941 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
6942 ** returns the P argument from the previous call
6943 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6944 ** the first call on D.
6945 **
6946 ** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
6947 ** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
6948 */
6949 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
6950   sqlite3*,
6951   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
6952   void*
6953 );
6954 
6955 /*
6956 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
6957 **
6958 ** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
6959 ** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
6960 ** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
6961 ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
6962 **
6963 ** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with
6964 ** [-DSQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE].  The [-DSQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE]
6965 ** compile-time option is recommended because the
6966 ** [use of shared cache mode is discouraged].
6967 **
6968 ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
6969 ** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
6970 ** In prior versions of SQLite,
6971 ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
6972 **
6973 ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
6974 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
6975 ** Existing database connections continue to use the sharing mode
6976 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
6977 **
6978 ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
6979 ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
6980 **
6981 ** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. It is recommended that it stay
6982 ** that way.  In other words, do not use this routine.  This interface
6983 ** continues to be provided for historical compatibility, but its use is
6984 ** discouraged.  Any use of shared cache is discouraged.  If shared cache
6985 ** must be used, it is recommended that shared cache only be enabled for
6986 ** individual database connections using the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface
6987 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag.
6988 **
6989 ** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
6990 ** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
6991 ** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
6992 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
6993 **
6994 ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
6995 ** 32-bit integer is atomic.
6996 **
6997 ** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
6998 */
6999 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
7000 
7001 /*
7002 ** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
7003 **
7004 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
7005 ** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
7006 ** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
7007 ** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
7008 ** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
7009 ** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
7010 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
7011 ** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
7012 **
7013 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
7014 */
7015 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
7016 
7017 /*
7018 ** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
7019 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7020 **
7021 ** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
7022 ** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
7023 ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
7024 ** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
7025 ** omitted.
7026 **
7027 ** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
7028 */
7029 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
7030 
7031 /*
7032 ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
7033 **
7034 ** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
7035 ** by all database connections within a single process.
7036 **
7037 ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
7038 ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
7039 ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
7040 ** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
7041 ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
7042 ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
7043 ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
7044 ** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
7045 ** is advisory only.
7046 **
7047 ** ^The sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface sets a hard upper bound of
7048 ** N bytes on the amount of memory that will be allocated.  ^The
7049 ** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface is similar to
7050 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(N) except that memory allocations will fail
7051 ** when the hard heap limit is reached.
7052 **
7053 ** ^The return value from both sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() and
7054 ** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() is the size of
7055 ** the heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
7056 ** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
7057 ** then no change is made to the heap limit.  Hence, the current
7058 ** size of heap limits can be determined by invoking
7059 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(-1) or sqlite3_hard_heap_limit(-1).
7060 **
7061 ** ^Setting the heap limits to zero disables the heap limiter mechanism.
7062 **
7063 ** ^The soft heap limit may not be greater than the hard heap limit.
7064 ** ^If the hard heap limit is enabled and if sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)
7065 ** is invoked with a value of N that is greater than the hard heap limit,
7066 ** the soft heap limit is set to the value of the hard heap limit.
7067 ** ^The soft heap limit is automatically enabled whenever the hard heap
7068 ** limit is enabled. ^When sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) is invoked and
7069 ** the soft heap limit is outside the range of 1..N, then the soft heap
7070 ** limit is set to N.  ^Invoking sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0) when the
7071 ** hard heap limit is enabled makes the soft heap limit equal to the
7072 ** hard heap limit.
7073 **
7074 ** The memory allocation limits can also be adjusted using
7075 ** [PRAGMA soft_heap_limit] and [PRAGMA hard_heap_limit].
7076 **
7077 ** ^(The heap limits are not enforced in the current implementation
7078 ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
7079 **
7080 ** <ul>
7081 ** <li> The limit value is set to zero.
7082 ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
7083 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
7084 **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
7085 ** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
7086 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
7087 ** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
7088 **      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
7089 **      from the heap.
7090 ** </ul>)^
7091 **
7092 ** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
7093 ** changes in future releases of SQLite.
7094 */
7095 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
7096 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
7097 
7098 /*
7099 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
7100 ** DEPRECATED
7101 **
7102 ** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
7103 ** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
7104 ** only.  All new applications should use the
7105 ** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
7106 */
7107 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
7108 
7109 
7110 /*
7111 ** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
7112 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7113 **
7114 ** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
7115 ** information about column C of table T in database D
7116 ** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
7117 ** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
7118 ** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
7119 ** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
7120 ** SQLITE_ERROR if the specified column does not exist.
7121 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
7122 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
7123 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
7124 ** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
7125 ** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
7126 ** undefined behavior.
7127 **
7128 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
7129 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
7130 ** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
7131 ** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
7132 ** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
7133 ** resolve unqualified table references.
7134 **
7135 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
7136 ** name of the desired column, respectively.
7137 **
7138 ** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
7139 ** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
7140 ** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
7141 **
7142 ** ^(<blockquote>
7143 ** <table border="1">
7144 ** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
7145 **
7146 ** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
7147 ** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
7148 ** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
7149 ** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
7150 ** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
7151 ** </table>
7152 ** </blockquote>)^
7153 **
7154 ** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
7155 ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
7156 ** call to any SQLite API function.
7157 **
7158 ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
7159 **
7160 ** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
7161 ** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
7162 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
7163 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
7164 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
7165 ** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
7166 **
7167 ** <pre>
7168 **     data type: "INTEGER"
7169 **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
7170 **     not null: 0
7171 **     primary key: 1
7172 **     auto increment: 0
7173 ** </pre>)^
7174 **
7175 ** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
7176 ** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
7177 ** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
7178 */
7179 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
7180   sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
7181   const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
7182   const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
7183   const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
7184   char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
7185   char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
7186   int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
7187   int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
7188   int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
7189 );
7190 
7191 /*
7192 ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
7193 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7194 **
7195 ** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
7196 **
7197 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
7198 ** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
7199 ** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
7200 ** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
7201 ** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
7202 ** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
7203 ** be tried also.
7204 **
7205 ** ^The entry point is zProc.
7206 ** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
7207 ** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
7208 ** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
7209 ** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
7210 ** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
7211 ** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
7212 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
7213 ** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
7214 ** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
7215 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
7216 ** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
7217 ** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
7218 ** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
7219 **
7220 ** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
7221 ** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
7222 ** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
7223 ** prior to calling this API,
7224 ** otherwise an error will be returned.
7225 **
7226 ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
7227 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
7228 ** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
7229 ** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
7230 ** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
7231 ** access to extension loading capabilities.
7232 **
7233 ** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
7234 */
7235 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
7236   sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
7237   const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
7238   const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
7239   char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
7240 );
7241 
7242 /*
7243 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
7244 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7245 **
7246 ** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
7247 ** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
7248 ** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
7249 ** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
7250 **
7251 ** ^Extension loading is off by default.
7252 ** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
7253 ** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
7254 ** it back off again.
7255 **
7256 ** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
7257 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
7258 ** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
7259 ** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
7260 **
7261 ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
7262 ** be enabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
7263 ** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
7264 ** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
7265 ** access to extension loading capabilities.
7266 */
7267 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
7268 
7269 /*
7270 ** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
7271 **
7272 ** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
7273 ** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
7274 ** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
7275 ** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
7276 **
7277 ** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
7278 ** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
7279 ** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
7280 ** entry point where as follows:
7281 **
7282 ** <blockquote><pre>
7283 ** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
7284 ** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
7285 ** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
7286 ** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
7287 ** &nbsp;  );
7288 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
7289 **
7290 ** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
7291 ** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
7292 ** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
7293 ** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
7294 ** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
7295 ** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
7296 ** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
7297 **
7298 ** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
7299 ** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
7300 ** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
7301 **
7302 ** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
7303 ** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
7304 */
7305 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
7306 
7307 /*
7308 ** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
7309 **
7310 ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
7311 ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
7312 ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
7313 ** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
7314 ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
7315 ** routines.
7316 */
7317 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
7318 
7319 /*
7320 ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
7321 **
7322 ** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
7323 ** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
7324 */
7325 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
7326 
7327 /*
7328 ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
7329 */
7330 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
7331 typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
7332 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
7333 typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
7334 
7335 /*
7336 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
7337 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
7338 **
7339 ** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
7340 ** defines the implementation of a [virtual table].
7341 ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
7342 **
7343 ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
7344 ** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
7345 ** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
7346 ** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
7347 ** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
7348 ** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
7349 ** any database connection.
7350 */
7351 struct sqlite3_module {
7352   int iVersion;
7353   int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
7354                int argc, const char *const*argv,
7355                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
7356   int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
7357                int argc, const char *const*argv,
7358                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
7359   int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
7360   int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7361   int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7362   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
7363   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
7364   int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
7365                 int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
7366   int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
7367   int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
7368   int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
7369   int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
7370   int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
7371   int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7372   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7373   int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7374   int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7375   int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
7376                        void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
7377                        void **ppArg);
7378   int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
7379   /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
7380   ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
7381   int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
7382   int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
7383   int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
7384   /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
7385   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
7386   int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
7387   /* The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_module object.
7388   ** Those below are for version 4 and greater. */
7389   int (*xIntegrity)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, const char *zSchema,
7390                     const char *zTabName, int mFlags, char **pzErr);
7391 };
7392 
7393 /*
7394 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
7395 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
7396 **
7397 ** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
7398 ** of the [virtual table] interface to
7399 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
7400 ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
7401 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
7402 ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
7403 **
7404 ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
7405 **
7406 ** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
7407 **
7408 ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
7409 ** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
7410 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
7411 ** ^(The index of the column is stored in
7412 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
7413 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
7414 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
7415 **
7416 ** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
7417 ** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
7418 ** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
7419 ** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
7420 ** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
7421 **
7422 ** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
7423 ** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
7424 **
7425 ** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
7426 ** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
7427 ** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
7428 ** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
7429 ** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
7430 ** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
7431 ** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
7432 ** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
7433 ** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
7434 ** non-zero.
7435 **
7436 ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
7437 ** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
7438 ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
7439 ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
7440 ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
7441 ** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
7442 ** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
7443 ** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
7444 ** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is change to true, then
7445 ** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
7446 ** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
7447 ** not be checked again using byte code.)^
7448 **
7449 ** ^The idxNum and idxStr values are recorded and passed into the
7450 ** [xFilter] method.
7451 ** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxStr if and only if
7452 ** needToFreeIdxStr is true.
7453 **
7454 ** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
7455 ** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
7456 ** sorting step is required.
7457 **
7458 ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
7459 ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
7460 ** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
7461 ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
7462 ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
7463 **
7464 ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
7465 ** will be returned by the strategy.
7466 **
7467 ** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
7468 ** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
7469 ** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
7470 ** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
7471 **
7472 ** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
7473 ** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
7474 ** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
7475 ** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
7476 ** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
7477 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
7478 ** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
7479 ** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
7480 ** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
7481 **
7482 ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
7483 ** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
7484 ** If a virtual table extension is
7485 ** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
7486 ** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
7487 ** to include crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
7488 ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
7489 ** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
7490 ** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
7491 ** It may therefore only be used if
7492 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
7493 ** 3009000.
7494 */
7495 struct sqlite3_index_info {
7496   /* Inputs */
7497   int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
7498   struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
7499      int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
7500      unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
7501      unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
7502      int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
7503   } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
7504   int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
7505   struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
7506      int iColumn;              /* Column number */
7507      unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
7508   } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
7509   /* Outputs */
7510   struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
7511     int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
7512     unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
7513   } *aConstraintUsage;
7514   int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
7515   char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
7516   int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
7517   int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
7518   double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
7519   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
7520   sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
7521   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
7522   int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
7523   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
7524   sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
7525 };
7526 
7527 /*
7528 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
7529 **
7530 ** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
7531 ** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
7532 ** these bits.
7533 */
7534 #define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
7535 
7536 /*
7537 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
7538 **
7539 ** These macros define the allowed values for the
7540 ** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
7541 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the WHERE clause of
7542 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
7543 **
7544 ** ^The left-hand operand of the operator is given by the corresponding
7545 ** aConstraint[].iColumn field.  ^An iColumn of -1 indicates the left-hand
7546 ** operand is the rowid.
7547 ** The SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT and SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET
7548 ** operators have no left-hand operand, and so for those operators the
7549 ** corresponding aConstraint[].iColumn is meaningless and should not be
7550 ** used.
7551 **
7552 ** All operator values from SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION through
7553 ** value 255 are reserved to represent functions that are overloaded
7554 ** by the [xFindFunction|xFindFunction method] of the virtual table
7555 ** implementation.
7556 **
7557 ** The right-hand operands for each constraint might be accessible using
7558 ** the [sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()] interface.  Usually the right-hand
7559 ** operand is only available if it appears as a single constant literal
7560 ** in the input SQL.  If the right-hand operand is another column or an
7561 ** expression (even a constant expression) or a parameter, then the
7562 ** sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() probably will not be able to extract it.
7563 ** ^The SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL and
7564 ** SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL operators have no right-hand operand
7565 ** and hence calls to sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() for those operators will
7566 ** always return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
7567 **
7568 ** The collating sequence to be used for comparison can be found using
7569 ** the [sqlite3_vtab_collation()] interface.  For most real-world virtual
7570 ** tables, the collating sequence of constraints does not matter (for example
7571 ** because the constraints are numeric) and so the sqlite3_vtab_collation()
7572 ** interface is not commonly needed.
7573 */
7574 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ          2
7575 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT          4
7576 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE          8
7577 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT         16
7578 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE         32
7579 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH      64
7580 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE       65
7581 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB       66
7582 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP     67
7583 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE         68
7584 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT      69
7585 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL  70
7586 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL     71
7587 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS         72
7588 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT      73
7589 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET     74
7590 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION  150
7591 
7592 /*
7593 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
7594 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7595 **
7596 ** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
7597 ** ^Module names must be registered before
7598 ** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
7599 ** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
7600 **
7601 ** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
7602 ** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
7603 ** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
7604 ** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
7605 ** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
7606 ** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
7607 ** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
7608 **
7609 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
7610 ** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
7611 ** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
7612 ** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
7613 ** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
7614 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
7615 ** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
7616 ** destructor.
7617 **
7618 ** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
7619 ** NULL then no new module is created and any existing modules with the
7620 ** same name are dropped.
7621 **
7622 ** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
7623 */
7624 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
7625   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7626   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7627   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7628   void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7629 );
7630 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
7631   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7632   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7633   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7634   void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7635   void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
7636 );
7637 
7638 /*
7639 ** CAPI3REF: Remove Unnecessary Virtual Table Implementations
7640 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7641 **
7642 ** ^The sqlite3_drop_modules(D,L) interface removes all virtual
7643 ** table modules from database connection D except those named on list L.
7644 ** The L parameter must be either NULL or a pointer to an array of pointers
7645 ** to strings where the array is terminated by a single NULL pointer.
7646 ** ^If the L parameter is NULL, then all virtual table modules are removed.
7647 **
7648 ** See also: [sqlite3_create_module()]
7649 */
7650 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_drop_modules(
7651   sqlite3 *db,                /* Remove modules from this connection */
7652   const char **azKeep         /* Except, do not remove the ones named here */
7653 );
7654 
7655 /*
7656 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
7657 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
7658 **
7659 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
7660 ** of this object to describe a particular instance
7661 ** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
7662 ** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
7663 ** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
7664 ** common to all module implementations.
7665 **
7666 ** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
7667 ** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
7668 ** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
7669 ** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
7670 ** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
7671 ** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
7672 */
7673 struct sqlite3_vtab {
7674   const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
7675   int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
7676   char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
7677   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7678 };
7679 
7680 /*
7681 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
7682 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
7683 **
7684 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
7685 ** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
7686 ** [virtual table] and are used
7687 ** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
7688 ** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
7689 ** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
7690 ** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
7691 ** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
7692 ** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
7693 **
7694 ** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
7695 ** are common to all implementations.
7696 */
7697 struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
7698   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
7699   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7700 };
7701 
7702 /*
7703 ** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
7704 **
7705 ** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
7706 ** [virtual table module] call this interface
7707 ** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
7708 ** the virtual tables they implement.
7709 */
7710 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
7711 
7712 /*
7713 ** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
7714 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7715 **
7716 ** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
7717 ** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
7718 ** But global versions of those functions
7719 ** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
7720 **
7721 ** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
7722 ** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
7723 ** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
7724 ** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
7725 ** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
7726 ** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
7727 ** by a [virtual table].
7728 */
7729 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
7730 
7731 /*
7732 ** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
7733 ** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
7734 **
7735 ** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
7736 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
7737 ** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
7738 ** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7739 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
7740 ** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
7741 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
7742 */
7743 typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
7744 
7745 /*
7746 ** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
7747 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7748 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7749 **
7750 ** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
7751 ** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
7752 ** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
7753 **
7754 ** <pre>
7755 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
7756 ** </pre>)^
7757 **
7758 ** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
7759 ** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
7760 ** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
7761 ** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
7762 ** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
7763 **
7764 ** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
7765 ** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
7766 ** read-only access.
7767 **
7768 ** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
7769 ** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
7770 ** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
7771 ** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
7772 ** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
7773 **
7774 ** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
7775 ** <ul>
7776 **   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
7777 **   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
7778 **   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
7779 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
7780 **   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
7781 **   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
7782 **         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
7783 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
7784 **         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
7785 **   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
7786 **         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
7787 **         being opened for read/write access)^.
7788 ** </ul>
7789 **
7790 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
7791 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7792 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7793 **
7794 ** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
7795 ** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
7796 ** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
7797 ** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
7798 ** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
7799 ** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
7800 **
7801 ** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
7802 ** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
7803 ** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
7804 ** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
7805 ** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
7806 ** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
7807 ** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7808 ** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
7809 ** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
7810 ** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
7811 **
7812 ** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
7813 ** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
7814 ** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
7815 ** blob.
7816 **
7817 ** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
7818 ** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
7819 ** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
7820 **
7821 ** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
7822 ** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7823 **
7824 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
7825 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
7826 ** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7827 */
7828 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
7829   sqlite3*,
7830   const char *zDb,
7831   const char *zTable,
7832   const char *zColumn,
7833   sqlite3_int64 iRow,
7834   int flags,
7835   sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
7836 );
7837 
7838 /*
7839 ** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
7840 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7841 **
7842 ** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
7843 ** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
7844 ** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
7845 ** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
7846 ** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
7847 ** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
7848 **
7849 ** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
7850 ** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
7851 ** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
7852 ** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
7853 ** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
7854 ** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
7855 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
7856 ** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
7857 ** always returns zero.
7858 **
7859 ** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
7860 */
7861 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
7862 
7863 /*
7864 ** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
7865 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7866 **
7867 ** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
7868 ** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
7869 ** handle is still closed.)^
7870 **
7871 ** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
7872 ** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
7873 ** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
7874 ** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
7875 ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
7876 **
7877 ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
7878 ** open blob handle results in undefined behavior. ^Calling this routine
7879 ** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
7880 ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
7881 ** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
7882 ** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
7883 */
7884 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
7885 
7886 /*
7887 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
7888 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7889 **
7890 ** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
7891 ** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
7892 ** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
7893 ** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
7894 **
7895 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7896 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7897 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7898 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7899 */
7900 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
7901 
7902 /*
7903 ** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
7904 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7905 **
7906 ** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
7907 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
7908 ** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7909 **
7910 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7911 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
7912 ** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
7913 ** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
7914 ** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
7915 **
7916 ** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7917 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7918 **
7919 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
7920 ** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7921 **
7922 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7923 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7924 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7925 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7926 **
7927 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7928 */
7929 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
7930 
7931 /*
7932 ** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
7933 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7934 **
7935 ** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
7936 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
7937 ** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7938 **
7939 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
7940 ** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7941 ** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
7942 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7943 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7944 **
7945 ** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
7946 ** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
7947 ** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
7948 **
7949 ** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
7950 ** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
7951 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7952 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
7953 ** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
7954 ** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
7955 ** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
7956 **
7957 ** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7958 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
7959 ** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
7960 ** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
7961 ** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
7962 ** or by other independent statements.
7963 **
7964 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7965 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7966 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7967 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7968 **
7969 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
7970 */
7971 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
7972 
7973 /*
7974 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
7975 **
7976 ** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
7977 ** that SQLite uses to interact
7978 ** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
7979 ** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
7980 ** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
7981 ** The following interfaces are provided.
7982 **
7983 ** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
7984 ** ^Names are case sensitive.
7985 ** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
7986 ** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
7987 ** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
7988 **
7989 ** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
7990 ** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
7991 ** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
7992 ** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
7993 ** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
7994 ** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
7995 ** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
7996 ** then the behavior is undefined.
7997 **
7998 ** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
7999 ** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
8000 ** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
8001 */
8002 SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
8003 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
8004 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
8005 
8006 /*
8007 ** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
8008 **
8009 ** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
8010 ** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
8011 ** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
8012 ** permitted to use any of these routines.
8013 **
8014 ** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
8015 ** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
8016 ** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
8017 ** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
8018 **
8019 ** <ul>
8020 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
8021 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
8022 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
8023 ** </ul>
8024 **
8025 ** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
8026 ** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
8027 ** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
8028 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
8029 ** and Windows.
8030 **
8031 ** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
8032 ** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
8033 ** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
8034 ** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
8035 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
8036 ** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
8037 ** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
8038 **
8039 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
8040 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
8041 ** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
8042 ** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
8043 ** integer constants:
8044 **
8045 ** <ul>
8046 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
8047 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
8048 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
8049 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
8050 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
8051 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
8052 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
8053 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
8054 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
8055 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
8056 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
8057 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
8058 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
8059 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
8060 ** </ul>
8061 **
8062 ** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
8063 ** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
8064 ** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
8065 ** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
8066 ** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
8067 ** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
8068 ** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
8069 ** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
8070 ** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
8071 ** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
8072 **
8073 ** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
8074 ** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
8075 ** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
8076 ** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
8077 ** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
8078 ** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
8079 ** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
8080 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
8081 **
8082 ** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
8083 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
8084 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
8085 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
8086 ** the same type number.
8087 **
8088 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
8089 ** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
8090 ** mutex results in undefined behavior.
8091 **
8092 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
8093 ** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
8094 ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
8095 ** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
8096 ** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
8097 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
8098 ** In such cases, the
8099 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
8100 ** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
8101 ** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
8102 **
8103 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
8104 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
8105 ** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
8106 ** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
8107 ** behavior.)^
8108 **
8109 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
8110 ** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
8111 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
8112 ** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
8113 **
8114 ** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(),
8115 ** sqlite3_mutex_leave(), or sqlite3_mutex_free() is a NULL pointer,
8116 ** then any of the four routines behaves as a no-op.
8117 **
8118 ** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
8119 */
8120 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
8121 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
8122 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
8123 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
8124 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
8125 
8126 /*
8127 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
8128 **
8129 ** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
8130 ** used to allocate and use mutexes.
8131 **
8132 ** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
8133 ** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
8134 ** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
8135 ** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
8136 ** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
8137 ** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
8138 ** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
8139 ** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
8140 ** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
8141 **
8142 ** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
8143 ** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
8144 ** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
8145 ** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
8146 **
8147 ** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
8148 ** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
8149 ** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
8150 ** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
8151 ** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
8152 ** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
8153 **
8154 ** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
8155 ** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
8156 ** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
8157 **
8158 ** <ul>
8159 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
8160 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
8161 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
8162 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
8163 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
8164 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
8165 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
8166 ** </ul>)^
8167 **
8168 ** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
8169 ** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
8170 ** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
8171 ** by this structure are not required to handle this case. The results
8172 ** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
8173 ** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
8174 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
8175 **
8176 ** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
8177 ** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
8178 ** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
8179 ** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
8180 **
8181 ** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
8182 ** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
8183 ** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
8184 ** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
8185 **
8186 ** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
8187 ** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
8188 ** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
8189 ** prior to returning.
8190 */
8191 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
8192 struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
8193   int (*xMutexInit)(void);
8194   int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
8195   sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
8196   void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
8197   void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
8198   int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
8199   void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
8200   int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
8201   int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
8202 };
8203 
8204 /*
8205 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
8206 **
8207 ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
8208 ** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
8209 ** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
8210 ** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
8211 ** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
8212 ** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
8213 ** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
8214 ** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
8215 **
8216 ** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
8217 ** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
8218 **
8219 ** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
8220 ** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
8221 ** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
8222 ** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
8223 **
8224 ** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
8225 ** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
8226 ** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
8227 ** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
8228 ** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
8229 ** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
8230 ** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
8231 ** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
8232 */
8233 #ifndef NDEBUG
8234 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
8235 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
8236 #endif
8237 
8238 /*
8239 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
8240 **
8241 ** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
8242 ** which is one of these integer constants.
8243 **
8244 ** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
8245 ** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
8246 ** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
8247 */
8248 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
8249 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
8250 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN      2
8251 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
8252 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
8253 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
8254 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
8255 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
8256 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
8257 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
8258 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
8259 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
8260 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
8261 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
8262 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
8263 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
8264 
8265 /* Legacy compatibility: */
8266 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
8267 
8268 
8269 /*
8270 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
8271 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8272 **
8273 ** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
8274 ** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
8275 ** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
8276 ** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
8277 ** routine returns a NULL pointer.
8278 */
8279 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
8280 
8281 /*
8282 ** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
8283 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8284 ** KEYWORDS: {file control}
8285 **
8286 ** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
8287 ** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
8288 ** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
8289 ** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
8290 ** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
8291 ** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
8292 ** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
8293 ** main database file.
8294 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
8295 ** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
8296 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
8297 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
8298 **
8299 ** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
8300 ** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
8301 ** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
8302 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
8303 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
8304 ** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  The
8305 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] works similarly except that it returns
8306 ** the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file instead of
8307 ** the main database.  The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode returns
8308 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_vfs] object for the file.
8309 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] returns the data version counter
8310 ** from the pager.
8311 **
8312 ** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
8313 ** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
8314 ** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
8315 ** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
8316 ** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
8317 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
8318 ** xFileControl method.
8319 **
8320 ** See also: [file control opcodes]
8321 */
8322 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
8323 
8324 /*
8325 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
8326 **
8327 ** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
8328 ** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
8329 ** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
8330 ** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
8331 **
8332 ** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
8333 ** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
8334 ** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
8335 **
8336 ** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
8337 ** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
8338 ** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
8339 ** operate consistently from one release to the next.
8340 */
8341 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
8342 
8343 /*
8344 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
8345 **
8346 ** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
8347 ** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
8348 **
8349 ** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
8350 ** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
8351 ** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
8352 ** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
8353 */
8354 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
8355 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
8356 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
8357 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
8358 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FK_NO_ACTION             7
8359 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
8360 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
8361 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
8362 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
8363 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
8364 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
8365 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14  /* NOT USED */
8366 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
8367 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
8368 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
8369 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
8370 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
8371 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
8372 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
8373 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
8374 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
8375 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
8376 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
8377 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
8378 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
8379 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
8380 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
8381 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
8382 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
8383 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT              30
8384 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TRACEFLAGS              31
8385 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TUNE                    32
8386 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOGEST                  33
8387 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_USELONGDOUBLE           34
8388 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    34  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
8389 
8390 /*
8391 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
8392 **
8393 ** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
8394 ** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
8395 ** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
8396 ** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
8397 **
8398 ** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
8399 ** keywords understood by SQLite.
8400 **
8401 ** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
8402 ** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
8403 ** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
8404 ** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
8405 ** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
8406 ** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
8407 ** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
8408 **
8409 ** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
8410 ** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
8411 ** if it is and zero if not.
8412 **
8413 ** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
8414 ** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
8415 ** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
8416 ** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
8417 ** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
8418 ** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
8419 ** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
8420 ** name collisions include:
8421 ** <ul>
8422 ** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
8423 **      SQL way to escape identifier names.
8424 ** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
8425 **      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
8426 **      technique.
8427 ** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
8428 **      with "Z".
8429 ** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
8430 ** </ul>
8431 **
8432 ** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
8433 ** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
8434 ** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
8435 ** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
8436 */
8437 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
8438 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
8439 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
8440 
8441 /*
8442 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
8443 ** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
8444 **
8445 ** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
8446 ** string under construction.
8447 **
8448 ** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
8449 ** <ol>
8450 ** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
8451 ** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
8452 ** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
8453 ** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
8454 ** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
8455 ** </ol>
8456 */
8457 typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
8458 
8459 /*
8460 ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
8461 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
8462 **
8463 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
8464 ** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
8465 ** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
8466 ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
8467 **
8468 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
8469 ** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
8470 ** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
8471 ** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
8472 ** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
8473 ** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
8474 ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
8475 ** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
8476 ** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
8477 **
8478 ** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
8479 ** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
8480 ** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
8481 ** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
8482 ** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
8483 */
8484 SQLITE_API sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
8485 
8486 /*
8487 ** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
8488 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
8489 **
8490 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
8491 ** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
8492 ** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
8493 ** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
8494 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
8495 ** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
8496 ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
8497 ** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
8498 */
8499 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
8500 
8501 /*
8502 ** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
8503 ** METHOD: sqlite3_str
8504 **
8505 ** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
8506 ** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
8507 **
8508 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
8509 ** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
8510 ** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
8511 ** [sqlite3_str] object X.
8512 **
8513 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
8514 ** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
8515 ** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
8516 ** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
8517 ** method instead.
8518 **
8519 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
8520 ** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
8521 **
8522 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
8523 ** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
8524 ** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
8525 **
8526 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
8527 ** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
8528 **
8529 ** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
8530 ** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
8531 ** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
8532 */
8533 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
8534 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
8535 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
8536 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
8537 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
8538 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
8539 
8540 /*
8541 ** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
8542 ** METHOD: sqlite3_str
8543 **
8544 ** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
8545 **
8546 ** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
8547 ** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
8548 ** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
8549 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
8550 ** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
8551 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
8552 **
8553 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
8554 ** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
8555 ** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
8556 ** zero-termination byte.
8557 **
8558 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
8559 ** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
8560 ** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
8561 ** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
8562 ** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not used the pointer returned
8563 ** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
8564 ** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
8565 ** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
8566 ** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
8567 ** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
8568 */
8569 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
8570 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
8571 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
8572 
8573 /*
8574 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
8575 **
8576 ** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
8577 ** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
8578 ** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
8579 ** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
8580 ** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
8581 ** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
8582 ** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
8583 ** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
8584 ** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
8585 ** value.  For those parameters
8586 ** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
8587 ** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
8588 ** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
8589 **
8590 ** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
8591 ** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
8592 **
8593 ** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
8594 ** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
8595 ** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
8596 **
8597 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
8598 */
8599 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
8600 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
8601   int op,
8602   sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
8603   sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
8604   int resetFlag
8605 );
8606 
8607 
8608 /*
8609 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
8610 ** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
8611 **
8612 ** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
8613 ** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
8614 **
8615 ** <dl>
8616 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
8617 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
8618 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
8619 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
8620 ** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
8621 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
8622 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
8623 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
8624 **
8625 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
8626 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8627 ** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
8628 ** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
8629 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8630 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8631 **
8632 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
8633 ** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
8634 ** currently checked out.</dd>)^
8635 **
8636 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
8637 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
8638 ** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
8639 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
8640 ** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
8641 **
8642 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
8643 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
8644 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
8645 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
8646 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
8647 ** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
8648 ** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
8649 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
8650 ** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
8651 **
8652 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
8653 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8654 ** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
8655 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8656 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8657 **
8658 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
8659 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8660 **
8661 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
8662 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8663 **
8664 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
8665 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8666 **
8667 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
8668 ** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
8669 ** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
8670 ** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
8671 ** </dl>
8672 **
8673 ** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
8674 */
8675 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
8676 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
8677 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
8678 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
8679 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
8680 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
8681 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
8682 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
8683 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
8684 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
8685 
8686 /*
8687 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
8688 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8689 **
8690 ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
8691 ** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
8692 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
8693 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
8694 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
8695 ** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
8696 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
8697 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
8698 **
8699 ** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
8700 ** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
8701 ** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
8702 ** reset back down to the current value.
8703 **
8704 ** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
8705 ** non-zero [error code] on failure.
8706 **
8707 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
8708 */
8709 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
8710 
8711 /*
8712 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
8713 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
8714 **
8715 ** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
8716 ** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
8717 **
8718 ** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
8719 ** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
8720 ** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
8721 ** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
8722 ** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
8723 **
8724 ** <dl>
8725 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
8726 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
8727 ** checked out.</dd>)^
8728 **
8729 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
8730 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
8731 ** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8732 ** the current value is always zero.)^
8733 **
8734 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
8735 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
8736 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
8737 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
8738 ** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
8739 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8740 ** the current value is always zero.)^
8741 **
8742 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
8743 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
8744 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
8745 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
8746 ** memory already being in use.
8747 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8748 ** the current value is always zero.)^
8749 **
8750 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
8751 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8752 ** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
8753 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
8754 **
8755 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
8756 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
8757 ** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
8758 ** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
8759 ** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
8760 ** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
8761 ** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
8762 ** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
8763 ** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
8764 ** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
8765 ** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
8766 **
8767 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
8768 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8769 ** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
8770 ** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
8771 ** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
8772 ** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
8773 ** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
8774 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
8775 **
8776 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
8777 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8778 ** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
8779 ** the database connection.)^
8780 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
8781 ** </dd>
8782 **
8783 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
8784 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
8785 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
8786 ** is always 0.
8787 ** </dd>
8788 **
8789 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
8790 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
8791 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
8792 ** is always 0.
8793 ** </dd>
8794 **
8795 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
8796 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8797 ** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
8798 ** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
8799 ** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
8800 ** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
8801 ** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
8802 ** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
8803 ** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
8804 ** </dd>
8805 **
8806 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
8807 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8808 ** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
8809 ** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
8810 ** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
8811 ** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
8812 ** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
8813 ** </dd>
8814 **
8815 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
8816 ** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
8817 ** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
8818 ** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
8819 ** </dd>
8820 ** </dl>
8821 */
8822 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
8823 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
8824 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
8825 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
8826 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
8827 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
8828 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
8829 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
8830 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
8831 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
8832 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
8833 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
8834 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
8835 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
8836 
8837 
8838 /*
8839 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
8840 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8841 **
8842 ** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
8843 ** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
8844 ** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
8845 ** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
8846 ** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
8847 ** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
8848 ** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
8849 ** an index.
8850 **
8851 ** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
8852 ** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
8853 ** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
8854 ** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
8855 ** to be interrogated.)^
8856 ** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
8857 ** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
8858 ** interface call returns.
8859 **
8860 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
8861 */
8862 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
8863 
8864 /*
8865 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
8866 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
8867 **
8868 ** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
8869 ** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
8870 ** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
8871 **
8872 ** <dl>
8873 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
8874 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
8875 ** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
8876 ** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
8877 ** careful use of indices.</dd>
8878 **
8879 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
8880 ** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
8881 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8882 ** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
8883 **
8884 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
8885 ** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
8886 ** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
8887 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8888 ** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
8889 ** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
8890 **
8891 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
8892 ** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
8893 ** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
8894 ** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
8895 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
8896 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
8897 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
8898 **
8899 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
8900 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
8901 ** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
8902 ** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
8903 **
8904 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
8905 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
8906 ** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
8907 ** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
8908 ** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
8909 ** cycle.
8910 **
8911 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS]]
8912 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER HIT]]
8913 ** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT<br>
8914 ** SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS</dt>
8915 ** <dd>^SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT is the number of times that a join
8916 ** step was bypassed because a Bloom filter returned not-found.  The
8917 ** corresponding SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS value is the number of
8918 ** times that the Bloom filter returned a find, and thus the join step
8919 ** had to be processed as normal.
8920 **
8921 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
8922 ** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
8923 ** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
8924 ** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
8925 ** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
8926 ** </dd>
8927 ** </dl>
8928 */
8929 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
8930 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
8931 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
8932 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
8933 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
8934 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
8935 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS       7
8936 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT        8
8937 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
8938 
8939 /*
8940 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8941 **
8942 ** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
8943 ** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
8944 ** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
8945 ** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
8946 ** to the object.
8947 **
8948 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8949 */
8950 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
8951 
8952 /*
8953 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8954 **
8955 ** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
8956 ** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
8957 ** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
8958 ** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
8959 **
8960 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8961 */
8962 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
8963 struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
8964   void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
8965   void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
8966 };
8967 
8968 /*
8969 ** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
8970 ** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
8971 **
8972 ** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
8973 ** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
8974 ** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
8975 ** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
8976 ** SQLite is used for the page cache.
8977 ** By implementing a
8978 ** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
8979 ** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
8980 ** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
8981 ** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
8982 ** how long.
8983 **
8984 ** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
8985 ** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
8986 ** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
8987 **
8988 ** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
8989 ** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
8990 ** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
8991 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
8992 **
8993 ** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
8994 ** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
8995 ** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
8996 ** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
8997 ** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
8998 ** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
8999 ** required by the custom page cache implementation.
9000 ** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
9001 ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
9002 ** page cache.)^
9003 **
9004 ** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
9005 ** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
9006 ** It can be used to clean up
9007 ** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
9008 ** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
9009 **
9010 ** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
9011 ** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
9012 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
9013 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
9014 ** in multithreaded applications.
9015 **
9016 ** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
9017 ** call to xShutdown().
9018 **
9019 ** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
9020 ** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
9021 ** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
9022 ** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
9023 ** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
9024 ** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
9025 ** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
9026 ** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
9027 ** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
9028 ** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
9029 ** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
9030 ** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
9031 ** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
9032 ** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
9033 ** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
9034 ** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
9035 ** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
9036 ** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
9037 ** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
9038 ** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
9039 ** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
9040 ** never contain any unpinned pages.
9041 **
9042 ** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
9043 ** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
9044 ** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
9045 ** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
9046 ** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
9047 ** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
9048 ** value; it is advisory only.
9049 **
9050 ** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
9051 ** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
9052 ** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
9053 **
9054 ** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
9055 ** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
9056 ** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
9057 ** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
9058 ** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
9059 ** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
9060 ** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
9061 ** for each entry in the page cache.
9062 **
9063 ** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
9064 ** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
9065 ** to be "pinned".
9066 **
9067 ** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
9068 ** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
9069 ** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
9070 ** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
9071 ** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
9072 **
9073 ** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
9074 ** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
9075 ** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
9076 ** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
9077 **                 Otherwise return NULL.
9078 ** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
9079 **                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
9080 ** </table>
9081 **
9082 ** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
9083 ** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
9084 ** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
9085 ** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
9086 ** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
9087 **
9088 ** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
9089 ** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
9090 ** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
9091 ** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
9092 ** ^If the discard parameter is
9093 ** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
9094 ** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
9095 ** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
9096 **
9097 ** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
9098 ** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
9099 ** to xFetch().
9100 **
9101 ** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
9102 ** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
9103 ** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
9104 ** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
9105 ** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
9106 ** to be pinned.
9107 **
9108 ** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
9109 ** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
9110 ** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
9111 ** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
9112 ** they can be safely discarded.
9113 **
9114 ** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
9115 ** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
9116 ** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
9117 ** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
9118 ** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
9119 ** functions.
9120 **
9121 ** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
9122 ** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
9123 ** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
9124 ** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
9125 ** do their best.
9126 */
9127 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
9128 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
9129   int iVersion;
9130   void *pArg;
9131   int (*xInit)(void*);
9132   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
9133   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
9134   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
9135   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
9136   sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
9137   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
9138   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
9139       unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
9140   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
9141   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
9142   void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
9143 };
9144 
9145 /*
9146 ** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
9147 ** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
9148 ** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
9149 */
9150 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
9151 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
9152   void *pArg;
9153   int (*xInit)(void*);
9154   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
9155   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
9156   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
9157   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
9158   void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
9159   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
9160   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
9161   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
9162   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
9163 };
9164 
9165 
9166 /*
9167 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
9168 **
9169 ** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
9170 ** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
9171 ** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
9172 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
9173 **
9174 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
9175 */
9176 typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
9177 
9178 /*
9179 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
9180 **
9181 ** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
9182 ** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
9183 ** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
9184 **
9185 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
9186 **
9187 ** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
9188 ** for the duration of the backup operation.
9189 ** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
9190 ** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
9191 ** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
9192 ** preventing other database connections from
9193 ** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
9194 **
9195 ** ^(To perform a backup operation:
9196 **   <ol>
9197 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
9198 **         backup,
9199 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
9200 **         the data between the two databases, and finally
9201 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
9202 **         associated with the backup operation.
9203 **   </ol>)^
9204 ** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
9205 ** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
9206 **
9207 ** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
9208 **
9209 ** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
9210 ** [database connection] associated with the destination database
9211 ** and the database name, respectively.
9212 ** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
9213 ** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
9214 ** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
9215 ** ^The S and M arguments passed to
9216 ** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
9217 ** and database name of the source database, respectively.
9218 ** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
9219 ** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
9220 ** an error.
9221 **
9222 ** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
9223 ** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
9224 ** destination database.
9225 **
9226 ** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
9227 ** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
9228 ** destination [database connection] D.
9229 ** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
9230 ** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
9231 ** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
9232 ** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
9233 ** [sqlite3_backup] object.
9234 ** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
9235 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
9236 ** operation.
9237 **
9238 ** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
9239 **
9240 ** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
9241 ** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
9242 ** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
9243 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
9244 ** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
9245 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
9246 ** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
9247 ** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
9248 ** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
9249 ** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
9250 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
9251 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
9252 **
9253 ** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
9254 ** <ol>
9255 ** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
9256 ** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
9257 ** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
9258 ** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
9259 ** destination and source page sizes differ.
9260 ** </ol>)^
9261 **
9262 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
9263 ** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
9264 ** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
9265 ** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
9266 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
9267 ** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
9268 ** [database connection]
9269 ** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
9270 ** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
9271 ** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
9272 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
9273 ** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
9274 ** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
9275 ** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
9276 ** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
9277 ** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
9278 **
9279 ** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
9280 ** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
9281 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
9282 ** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
9283 ** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
9284 ** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
9285 ** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
9286 ** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
9287 ** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
9288 ** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
9289 ** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
9290 ** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
9291 ** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
9292 ** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
9293 ** updated at the same time.
9294 **
9295 ** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
9296 **
9297 ** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
9298 ** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
9299 ** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
9300 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
9301 ** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
9302 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
9303 ** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
9304 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
9305 ** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
9306 **
9307 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
9308 ** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
9309 ** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
9310 ** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
9311 ** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
9312 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
9313 **
9314 ** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
9315 ** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
9316 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().
9317 **
9318 ** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
9319 ** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
9320 **
9321 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
9322 ** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
9323 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
9324 ** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
9325 ** sqlite3_backup_step().
9326 ** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
9327 ** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
9328 ** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
9329 ** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
9330 ** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
9331 ** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
9332 **
9333 ** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
9334 **
9335 ** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
9336 ** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
9337 ** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
9338 ** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
9339 ** from within other threads.
9340 **
9341 ** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
9342 ** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
9343 ** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
9344 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
9345 ** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
9346 ** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
9347 ** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
9348 ** backup is in progress might also cause a mutex deadlock.
9349 **
9350 ** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
9351 ** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
9352 ** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
9353 ** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
9354 ** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
9355 ** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
9356 **
9357 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
9358 ** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
9359 ** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
9360 ** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
9361 ** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
9362 ** possible that they return invalid values.
9363 */
9364 SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
9365   sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
9366   const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
9367   sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
9368   const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
9369 );
9370 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
9371 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
9372 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
9373 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
9374 
9375 /*
9376 ** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
9377 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9378 **
9379 ** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
9380 ** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
9381 ** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
9382 ** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
9383 ** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
9384 ** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
9385 ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
9386 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
9387 **
9388 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
9389 **
9390 ** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
9391 ** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
9392 **
9393 ** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
9394 ** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
9395 ** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
9396 ** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
9397 ** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
9398 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
9399 ** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
9400 ** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
9401 ** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
9402 ** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
9403 **
9404 ** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
9405 ** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
9406 ** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
9407 ** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
9408 ** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
9409 **
9410 ** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
9411 ** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
9412 ** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
9413 ** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
9414 **
9415 ** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
9416 ** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
9417 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
9418 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
9419 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
9420 ** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
9421 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
9422 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
9423 **
9424 ** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
9425 ** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
9426 ** crash or deadlock may be the result.
9427 **
9428 ** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
9429 ** returns SQLITE_OK.
9430 **
9431 ** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
9432 **
9433 ** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
9434 ** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
9435 ** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
9436 ** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
9437 ** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
9438 ** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
9439 **
9440 ** When a blocking connection's transaction is concluded, there may be
9441 ** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
9442 ** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
9443 ** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
9444 ** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
9445 ** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
9446 ** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
9447 ** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
9448 **
9449 ** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
9450 **
9451 ** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
9452 ** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
9453 ** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
9454 ** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
9455 ** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
9456 ** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
9457 ** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
9458 **
9459 ** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
9460 ** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
9461 ** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
9462 ** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
9463 ** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
9464 ** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
9465 ** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
9466 ** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
9467 ** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
9468 ** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
9469 ** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
9470 ** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
9471 **
9472 ** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
9473 **
9474 ** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
9475 ** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
9476 ** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
9477 ** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
9478 ** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
9479 ** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
9480 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
9481 ** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
9482 ** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
9483 **
9484 ** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
9485 ** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
9486 ** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
9487 ** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
9488 ** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
9489 */
9490 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
9491   sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
9492   void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
9493   void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
9494 );
9495 
9496 
9497 /*
9498 ** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
9499 **
9500 ** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
9501 ** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
9502 ** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
9503 ** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
9504 */
9505 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
9506 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
9507 
9508 /*
9509 ** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
9510 *
9511 ** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
9512 ** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
9513 ** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
9514 ** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
9515 ** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
9516 ** is case sensitive.
9517 **
9518 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
9519 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
9520 **
9521 ** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
9522 */
9523 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
9524 
9525 /*
9526 ** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
9527 *
9528 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
9529 ** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
9530 ** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
9531 ** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
9532 ** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
9533 ** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
9534 ** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
9535 ** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
9536 ** one another.
9537 **
9538 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
9539 ** only ASCII characters are case folded.
9540 **
9541 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
9542 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
9543 **
9544 ** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
9545 */
9546 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
9547 
9548 /*
9549 ** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
9550 **
9551 ** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
9552 ** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
9553 ** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
9554 ** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
9555 **
9556 ** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
9557 ** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
9558 ** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
9559 ** is considered bad form.
9560 **
9561 ** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
9562 **
9563 ** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
9564 ** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
9565 ** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
9566 ** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
9567 ** buffer.
9568 */
9569 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
9570 
9571 /*
9572 ** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
9573 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9574 **
9575 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
9576 ** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
9577 **
9578 ** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
9579 ** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
9580 ** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
9581 **
9582 ** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
9583 ** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
9584 ** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
9585 ** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
9586 ** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
9587 ** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
9588 ** including those that were just committed.
9589 **
9590 ** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
9591 ** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
9592 ** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
9593 ** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
9594 ** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
9595 ** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
9596 ** are undefined.
9597 **
9598 ** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
9599 ** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
9600 ** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^The return value is
9601 ** a copy of the third parameter from the previous call, if any, or 0.
9602 ** ^Note that the [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
9603 ** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
9604 ** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
9605 */
9606 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
9607   sqlite3*,
9608   int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
9609   void*
9610 );
9611 
9612 /*
9613 ** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
9614 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9615 **
9616 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
9617 ** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
9618 ** to automatically [checkpoint]
9619 ** after committing a transaction if there are N or
9620 ** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
9621 ** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
9622 ** checkpoints entirely.
9623 **
9624 ** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
9625 ** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
9626 ** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
9627 ** configured by this function.
9628 **
9629 ** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
9630 ** from SQL.
9631 **
9632 ** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
9633 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
9634 **
9635 ** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
9636 ** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
9637 ** pages.  The use of this interface
9638 ** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
9639 ** for a particular application.
9640 */
9641 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
9642 
9643 /*
9644 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9645 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9646 **
9647 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
9648 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
9649 **
9650 ** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
9651 ** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
9652 ** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
9653 ** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
9654 ** information.
9655 **
9656 ** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
9657 ** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
9658 ** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
9659 ** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
9660 ** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
9661 ** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
9662 */
9663 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9664 
9665 /*
9666 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9667 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9668 **
9669 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
9670 ** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
9671 ** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
9672 ** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
9673 **
9674 ** <dl>
9675 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
9676 **   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
9677 **   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
9678 **   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
9679 **   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
9680 **   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
9681 **   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
9682 **
9683 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
9684 **   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
9685 **   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
9686 **   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
9687 **   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
9688 **   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
9689 **   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
9690 **
9691 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
9692 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
9693 **   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
9694 **   [busy-handler callback])
9695 **   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
9696 **   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
9697 **   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
9698 **   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
9699 **
9700 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
9701 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
9702 **   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
9703 **   to a successful return.
9704 ** </dl>
9705 **
9706 ** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
9707 ** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
9708 ** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
9709 ** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
9710 ** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
9711 ** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
9712 ** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
9713 ** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
9714 ** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
9715 **
9716 ** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
9717 ** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
9718 ** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
9719 ** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
9720 **
9721 ** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
9722 ** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
9723 ** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
9724 ** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
9725 ** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
9726 ** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
9727 ** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
9728 ** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
9729 ** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
9730 ** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
9731 **
9732 ** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
9733 ** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
9734 ** [database connection] db.  In this case the
9735 ** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
9736 ** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
9737 ** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
9738 ** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
9739 ** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
9740 ** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
9741 ** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
9742 ** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
9743 **
9744 ** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
9745 ** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
9746 ** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
9747 ** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
9748 **
9749 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
9750 ** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
9751 ** sets the error information that is queried by
9752 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
9753 **
9754 ** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
9755 ** from SQL.
9756 */
9757 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
9758   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
9759   const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
9760   int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
9761   int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
9762   int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
9763 );
9764 
9765 /*
9766 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
9767 ** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
9768 **
9769 ** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
9770 ** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
9771 ** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
9772 ** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
9773 */
9774 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
9775 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
9776 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for readers */
9777 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
9778 
9779 /*
9780 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
9781 **
9782 ** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
9783 ** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
9784 ** various facets of the virtual table interface.
9785 **
9786 ** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
9787 ** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
9788 **
9789 ** In the call sqlite3_vtab_config(D,C,...) the D parameter is the
9790 ** [database connection] in which the virtual table is being created and
9791 ** which is passed in as the first argument to the [xConnect] or [xCreate]
9792 ** method that is invoking sqlite3_vtab_config().  The C parameter is one
9793 ** of the [virtual table configuration options].  The presence and meaning
9794 ** of parameters after C depend on which [virtual table configuration option]
9795 ** is used.
9796 */
9797 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
9798 
9799 /*
9800 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
9801 ** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration options}
9802 ** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration option}
9803 **
9804 ** These macros define the various options to the
9805 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
9806 ** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
9807 **
9808 ** <dl>
9809 ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
9810 ** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT</dt>
9811 ** <dd>Calls of the form
9812 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
9813 ** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
9814 ** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
9815 ** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
9816 ** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
9817 ** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
9818 ** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
9819 ** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
9820 **
9821 ** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
9822 ** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
9823 ** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
9824 ** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
9825 ** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
9826 ** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
9827 ** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
9828 ** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
9829 ** had been ABORT.
9830 **
9831 ** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
9832 ** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
9833 ** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
9834 ** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
9835 ** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
9836 ** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
9837 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
9838 ** constraint handling.
9839 ** </dd>
9840 **
9841 ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</dt>
9842 ** <dd>Calls of the form
9843 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY) from within the
9844 ** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implementation
9845 ** prohibits that virtual table from being used from within triggers and
9846 ** views.
9847 ** </dd>
9848 **
9849 ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</dt>
9850 ** <dd>Calls of the form
9851 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS) from within the
9852 ** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implementation
9853 ** identify that virtual table as being safe to use from within triggers
9854 ** and views.  Conceptually, the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS tag means that the
9855 ** virtual table can do no serious harm even if it is controlled by a
9856 ** malicious hacker.  Developers should avoid setting the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS
9857 ** flag unless absolutely necessary.
9858 ** </dd>
9859 **
9860 ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_USES_ALL_SCHEMAS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_USES_ALL_SCHEMAS</dt>
9861 ** <dd>Calls of the form
9862 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_USES_ALL_SCHEMA) from within the
9863 ** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implementation
9864 ** instruct the query planner to begin at least a read transaction on
9865 ** all schemas ("main", "temp", and any ATTACH-ed databases) whenever the
9866 ** virtual table is used.
9867 ** </dd>
9868 ** </dl>
9869 */
9870 #define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
9871 #define SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS          2
9872 #define SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY         3
9873 #define SQLITE_VTAB_USES_ALL_SCHEMAS   4
9874 
9875 /*
9876 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
9877 **
9878 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
9879 ** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
9880 ** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
9881 ** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9882 ** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
9883 ** [virtual table].
9884 */
9885 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
9886 
9887 /*
9888 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
9889 **
9890 ** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
9891 ** method of a [virtual table], then it might return true if the
9892 ** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
9893 ** column value will not change.  The virtual table implementation can use
9894 ** this hint as permission to substitute a return value that is less
9895 ** expensive to compute and that the corresponding
9896 ** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
9897 **
9898 ** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
9899 ** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
9900 ** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
9901 ** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
9902 ** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
9903 ** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
9904 **
9905 ** The sqlite3_vtab_nochange() routine is an optimization.  Virtual table
9906 ** implementations should continue to give a correct answer even if the
9907 ** sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface were to always return false.  In the
9908 ** current implementation, the sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface does always
9909 ** returns false for the enhanced [UPDATE FROM] statement.
9910 */
9911 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
9912 
9913 /*
9914 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
9915 ** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
9916 **
9917 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
9918 ** method of a [virtual table].  This function returns a pointer to a string
9919 ** that is the name of the appropriate collation sequence to use for text
9920 ** comparisons on the constraint identified by its arguments.
9921 **
9922 ** The first argument must be the pointer to the [sqlite3_index_info] object
9923 ** that is the first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument
9924 ** must be an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the
9925 ** sqlite3_index_info structure passed to xBestIndex.
9926 **
9927 ** Important:
9928 ** The first parameter must be the same pointer that is passed into the
9929 ** xBestMethod() method.  The first parameter may not be a pointer to a
9930 ** different [sqlite3_index_info] object, even an exact copy.
9931 **
9932 ** The return value is computed as follows:
9933 **
9934 ** <ol>
9935 ** <li><p> If the constraint comes from a WHERE clause expression that contains
9936 **         a [COLLATE operator], then the name of the collation specified by
9937 **         that COLLATE operator is returned.
9938 ** <li><p> If there is no COLLATE operator, but the column that is the subject
9939 **         of the constraint specifies an alternative collating sequence via
9940 **         a [COLLATE clause] on the column definition within the CREATE TABLE
9941 **         statement that was passed into [sqlite3_declare_vtab()], then the
9942 **         name of that alternative collating sequence is returned.
9943 ** <li><p> Otherwise, "BINARY" is returned.
9944 ** </ol>
9945 */
9946 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
9947 
9948 /*
9949 ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a virtual table query is DISTINCT
9950 ** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
9951 **
9952 ** This API may only be used from within an [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method]
9953 ** of a [virtual table] implementation. The result of calling this
9954 ** interface from outside of xBestIndex() is undefined and probably harmful.
9955 **
9956 ** ^The sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns an integer between 0 and
9957 ** 3.  The integer returned by sqlite3_vtab_distinct()
9958 ** gives the virtual table additional information about how the query
9959 ** planner wants the output to be ordered. As long as the virtual table
9960 ** can meet the ordering requirements of the query planner, it may set
9961 ** the "orderByConsumed" flag.
9962 **
9963 ** <ol><li value="0"><p>
9964 ** ^If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 0, that means
9965 ** that the query planner needs the virtual table to return all rows in the
9966 ** sort order defined by the "nOrderBy" and "aOrderBy" fields of the
9967 ** [sqlite3_index_info] object.  This is the default expectation.  If the
9968 ** virtual table outputs all rows in sorted order, then it is always safe for
9969 ** the xBestIndex method to set the "orderByConsumed" flag, regardless of
9970 ** the return value from sqlite3_vtab_distinct().
9971 ** <li value="1"><p>
9972 ** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 1, that means
9973 ** that the query planner does not need the rows to be returned in sorted order
9974 ** as long as all rows with the same values in all columns identified by the
9975 ** "aOrderBy" field are adjacent.)^  This mode is used when the query planner
9976 ** is doing a GROUP BY.
9977 ** <li value="2"><p>
9978 ** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 2, that means
9979 ** that the query planner does not need the rows returned in any particular
9980 ** order, as long as rows with the same values in all "aOrderBy" columns
9981 ** are adjacent.)^  ^(Furthermore, only a single row for each particular
9982 ** combination of values in the columns identified by the "aOrderBy" field
9983 ** needs to be returned.)^  ^It is always ok for two or more rows with the same
9984 ** values in all "aOrderBy" columns to be returned, as long as all such rows
9985 ** are adjacent.  ^The virtual table may, if it chooses, omit extra rows
9986 ** that have the same value for all columns identified by "aOrderBy".
9987 ** ^However omitting the extra rows is optional.
9988 ** This mode is used for a DISTINCT query.
9989 ** <li value="3"><p>
9990 ** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 3, that means
9991 ** that the query planner needs only distinct rows but it does need the
9992 ** rows to be sorted.)^ ^The virtual table implementation is free to omit
9993 ** rows that are identical in all aOrderBy columns, if it wants to, but
9994 ** it is not required to omit any rows.  This mode is used for queries
9995 ** that have both DISTINCT and ORDER BY clauses.
9996 ** </ol>
9997 **
9998 ** ^For the purposes of comparing virtual table output values to see if the
9999 ** values are same value for sorting purposes, two NULL values are considered
10000 ** to be the same.  In other words, the comparison operator is "IS"
10001 ** (or "IS NOT DISTINCT FROM") and not "==".
10002 **
10003 ** If a virtual table implementation is unable to meet the requirements
10004 ** specified above, then it must not set the "orderByConsumed" flag in the
10005 ** [sqlite3_index_info] object or an incorrect answer may result.
10006 **
10007 ** ^A virtual table implementation is always free to return rows in any order
10008 ** it wants, as long as the "orderByConsumed" flag is not set.  ^When the
10009 ** the "orderByConsumed" flag is unset, the query planner will add extra
10010 ** [bytecode] to ensure that the final results returned by the SQL query are
10011 ** ordered correctly.  The use of the "orderByConsumed" flag and the
10012 ** sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface is merely an optimization.  ^Careful
10013 ** use of the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface and the "orderByConsumed"
10014 ** flag might help queries against a virtual table to run faster.  Being
10015 ** overly aggressive and setting the "orderByConsumed" flag when it is not
10016 ** valid to do so, on the other hand, might cause SQLite to return incorrect
10017 ** results.
10018 */
10019 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_distinct(sqlite3_index_info*);
10020 
10021 /*
10022 ** CAPI3REF: Identify and handle IN constraints in xBestIndex
10023 **
10024 ** This interface may only be used from within an
10025 ** [xBestIndex|xBestIndex() method] of a [virtual table] implementation.
10026 ** The result of invoking this interface from any other context is
10027 ** undefined and probably harmful.
10028 **
10029 ** ^(A constraint on a virtual table of the form
10030 ** "[IN operator|column IN (...)]" is
10031 ** communicated to the xBestIndex method as a
10032 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ] constraint.)^  If xBestIndex wants to use
10033 ** this constraint, it must set the corresponding
10034 ** aConstraintUsage[].argvIndex to a positive integer.  ^(Then, under
10035 ** the usual mode of handling IN operators, SQLite generates [bytecode]
10036 ** that invokes the [xFilter|xFilter() method] once for each value
10037 ** on the right-hand side of the IN operator.)^  Thus the virtual table
10038 ** only sees a single value from the right-hand side of the IN operator
10039 ** at a time.
10040 **
10041 ** In some cases, however, it would be advantageous for the virtual
10042 ** table to see all values on the right-hand of the IN operator all at
10043 ** once.  The sqlite3_vtab_in() interfaces facilitates this in two ways:
10044 **
10045 ** <ol>
10046 ** <li><p>
10047 **   ^A call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,-1) will return true (non-zero)
10048 **   if and only if the [sqlite3_index_info|P->aConstraint][N] constraint
10049 **   is an [IN operator] that can be processed all at once.  ^In other words,
10050 **   sqlite3_vtab_in() with -1 in the third argument is a mechanism
10051 **   by which the virtual table can ask SQLite if all-at-once processing
10052 **   of the IN operator is even possible.
10053 **
10054 ** <li><p>
10055 **   ^A call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) with F==1 or F==0 indicates
10056 **   to SQLite that the virtual table does or does not want to process
10057 **   the IN operator all-at-once, respectively.  ^Thus when the third
10058 **   parameter (F) is non-negative, this interface is the mechanism by
10059 **   which the virtual table tells SQLite how it wants to process the
10060 **   IN operator.
10061 ** </ol>
10062 **
10063 ** ^The sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) interface can be invoked multiple times
10064 ** within the same xBestIndex method call.  ^For any given P,N pair,
10065 ** the return value from sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) will always be the same
10066 ** within the same xBestIndex call.  ^If the interface returns true
10067 ** (non-zero), that means that the constraint is an IN operator
10068 ** that can be processed all-at-once.  ^If the constraint is not an IN
10069 ** operator or cannot be processed all-at-once, then the interface returns
10070 ** false.
10071 **
10072 ** ^(All-at-once processing of the IN operator is selected if both of the
10073 ** following conditions are met:
10074 **
10075 ** <ol>
10076 ** <li><p> The P->aConstraintUsage[N].argvIndex value is set to a positive
10077 ** integer.  This is how the virtual table tells SQLite that it wants to
10078 ** use the N-th constraint.
10079 **
10080 ** <li><p> The last call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) for which F was
10081 ** non-negative had F>=1.
10082 ** </ol>)^
10083 **
10084 ** ^If either or both of the conditions above are false, then SQLite uses
10085 ** the traditional one-at-a-time processing strategy for the IN constraint.
10086 ** ^If both conditions are true, then the argvIndex-th parameter to the
10087 ** xFilter method will be an [sqlite3_value] that appears to be NULL,
10088 ** but which can be passed to [sqlite3_vtab_in_first()] and
10089 ** [sqlite3_vtab_in_next()] to find all values on the right-hand side
10090 ** of the IN constraint.
10091 */
10092 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_in(sqlite3_index_info*, int iCons, int bHandle);
10093 
10094 /*
10095 ** CAPI3REF: Find all elements on the right-hand side of an IN constraint.
10096 **
10097 ** These interfaces are only useful from within the
10098 ** [xFilter|xFilter() method] of a [virtual table] implementation.
10099 ** The result of invoking these interfaces from any other context
10100 ** is undefined and probably harmful.
10101 **
10102 ** The X parameter in a call to sqlite3_vtab_in_first(X,P) or
10103 ** sqlite3_vtab_in_next(X,P) should be one of the parameters to the
10104 ** xFilter method which invokes these routines, and specifically
10105 ** a parameter that was previously selected for all-at-once IN constraint
10106 ** processing use the [sqlite3_vtab_in()] interface in the
10107 ** [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method].  ^(If the X parameter is not
10108 ** an xFilter argument that was selected for all-at-once IN constraint
10109 ** processing, then these routines return [SQLITE_ERROR].)^
10110 **
10111 ** ^(Use these routines to access all values on the right-hand side
10112 ** of the IN constraint using code like the following:
10113 **
10114 ** <blockquote><pre>
10115 ** &nbsp;  for(rc=sqlite3_vtab_in_first(pList, &pVal);
10116 ** &nbsp;      rc==SQLITE_OK && pVal;
10117 ** &nbsp;      rc=sqlite3_vtab_in_next(pList, &pVal)
10118 ** &nbsp;  ){
10119 ** &nbsp;    // do something with pVal
10120 ** &nbsp;  }
10121 ** &nbsp;  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
10122 ** &nbsp;    // an error has occurred
10123 ** &nbsp;  }
10124 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
10125 **
10126 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_vtab_in_first(X,P) and sqlite3_vtab_in_next(X,P)
10127 ** routines return SQLITE_OK and set *P to point to the first or next value
10128 ** on the RHS of the IN constraint.  ^If there are no more values on the
10129 ** right hand side of the IN constraint, then *P is set to NULL and these
10130 ** routines return [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The return value might be
10131 ** some other value, such as SQLITE_NOMEM, in the event of a malfunction.
10132 **
10133 ** The *ppOut values returned by these routines are only valid until the
10134 ** next call to either of these routines or until the end of the xFilter
10135 ** method from which these routines were called.  If the virtual table
10136 ** implementation needs to retain the *ppOut values for longer, it must make
10137 ** copies.  The *ppOut values are [protected sqlite3_value|protected].
10138 */
10139 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_in_first(sqlite3_value *pVal, sqlite3_value **ppOut);
10140 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_in_next(sqlite3_value *pVal, sqlite3_value **ppOut);
10141 
10142 /*
10143 ** CAPI3REF: Constraint values in xBestIndex()
10144 ** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
10145 **
10146 ** This API may only be used from within the [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method]
10147 ** of a [virtual table] implementation. The result of calling this interface
10148 ** from outside of an xBestIndex method are undefined and probably harmful.
10149 **
10150 ** ^When the sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V) interface is invoked from within
10151 ** the [xBestIndex] method of a [virtual table] implementation, with P being
10152 ** a copy of the [sqlite3_index_info] object pointer passed into xBestIndex and
10153 ** J being a 0-based index into P->aConstraint[], then this routine
10154 ** attempts to set *V to the value of the right-hand operand of
10155 ** that constraint if the right-hand operand is known.  ^If the
10156 ** right-hand operand is not known, then *V is set to a NULL pointer.
10157 ** ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V) interface returns SQLITE_OK if
10158 ** and only if *V is set to a value.  ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V)
10159 ** inteface returns SQLITE_NOTFOUND if the right-hand side of the J-th
10160 ** constraint is not available.  ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() interface
10161 ** can return an result code other than SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_NOTFOUND if
10162 ** something goes wrong.
10163 **
10164 ** The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() interface is usually only successful if
10165 ** the right-hand operand of a constraint is a literal value in the original
10166 ** SQL statement.  If the right-hand operand is an expression or a reference
10167 ** to some other column or a [host parameter], then sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()
10168 ** will probably return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND].
10169 **
10170 ** ^(Some constraints, such as [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL] and
10171 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL], have no right-hand operand.  For such
10172 ** constraints, sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() always returns SQLITE_NOTFOUND.)^
10173 **
10174 ** ^The [sqlite3_value] object returned in *V is a protected sqlite3_value
10175 ** and remains valid for the duration of the xBestIndex method call.
10176 ** ^When xBestIndex returns, the sqlite3_value object returned by
10177 ** sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() is automatically deallocated.
10178 **
10179 ** The "_rhs_" in the name of this routine is an abbreviation for
10180 ** "Right-Hand Side".
10181 */
10182 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(sqlite3_index_info*, int, sqlite3_value **ppVal);
10183 
10184 /*
10185 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
10186 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
10187 **
10188 ** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
10189 ** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
10190 ** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
10191 **
10192 ** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
10193 ** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
10194 ** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
10195 */
10196 #define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
10197 /* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
10198 #define SQLITE_FAIL     3
10199 /* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
10200 #define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
10201 
10202 /*
10203 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
10204 ** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
10205 **
10206 ** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
10207 ** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
10208 ** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
10209 **
10210 ** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
10211 ** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
10212 ** S is finalized.
10213 **
10214 ** Not all values are available for all query elements. When a value is
10215 ** not available, the output variable is set to -1 if the value is numeric,
10216 ** or to NULL if it is a string (SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME).
10217 **
10218 ** <dl>
10219 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
10220 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
10221 ** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
10222 **
10223 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
10224 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
10225 ** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
10226 **
10227 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
10228 ** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
10229 ** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
10230 ** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
10231 ** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
10232 ** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
10233 ** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
10234 **
10235 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
10236 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
10237 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
10238 ** used for the X-th loop.
10239 **
10240 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
10241 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
10242 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
10243 ** description for the X-th loop.
10244 **
10245 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID</dt>
10246 ** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
10247 ** id for the X-th query plan element. The id value is unique within the
10248 ** statement. The select-id is the same value as is output in the first
10249 ** column of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
10250 **
10251 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID</dt>
10252 ** <dd>The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
10253 ** the id of the parent of the current query element, if applicable, or
10254 ** to zero if the query element has no parent. This is the same value as
10255 ** returned in the second column of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
10256 **
10257 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE</dt>
10258 ** <dd>The sqlite3_int64 output value is set to the number of cycles,
10259 ** according to the processor time-stamp counter, that elapsed while the
10260 ** query element was being processed. This value is not available for
10261 ** all query elements - if it is unavailable the output variable is
10262 ** set to -1.
10263 ** </dl>
10264 */
10265 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
10266 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
10267 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
10268 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
10269 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
10270 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
10271 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID 6
10272 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE   7
10273 
10274 /*
10275 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
10276 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
10277 **
10278 ** These interfaces return information about the predicted and measured
10279 ** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
10280 ** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
10281 ** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
10282 **
10283 ** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
10284 ** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
10285 ** compile-time option.
10286 **
10287 ** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
10288 ** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
10289 ** of this interface is undefined. ^The requested measurement is written into
10290 ** a variable pointed to by the "pOut" parameter.
10291 **
10292 ** The "flags" parameter must be passed a mask of flags. At present only
10293 ** one flag is defined - SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX. If SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX
10294 ** is specified, then status information is available for all elements
10295 ** of a query plan that are reported by "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN" output. If
10296 ** SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX is not specified, then only query plan elements
10297 ** that correspond to query loops (the "SCAN..." and "SEARCH..." elements of
10298 ** the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN output) are available. Invoking API
10299 ** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() is equivalent to calling
10300 ** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2() with a zeroed flags parameter.
10301 **
10302 ** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific query element to retrieve statistics
10303 ** for. Query elements are numbered starting from zero. A value of -1 may be
10304 ** to query for statistics regarding the entire query. ^If idx is out of range
10305 ** - less than -1 or greater than or equal to the total number of query
10306 ** elements used to implement the statement - a non-zero value is returned and
10307 ** the variable that pOut points to is unchanged.
10308 **
10309 ** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
10310 */
10311 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
10312   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
10313   int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
10314   int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
10315   void *pOut                /* Result written here */
10316 );
10317 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2(
10318   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
10319   int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
10320   int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
10321   int flags,                /* Mask of flags defined below */
10322   void *pOut                /* Result written here */
10323 );
10324 
10325 /*
10326 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
10327 ** KEYWORDS: {scan status flags}
10328 */
10329 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX 0x0001
10330 
10331 /*
10332 ** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
10333 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
10334 **
10335 ** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
10336 **
10337 ** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
10338 ** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
10339 */
10340 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
10341 
10342 /*
10343 ** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
10344 ** METHOD: sqlite3
10345 **
10346 ** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
10347 ** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
10348 ** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
10349 ** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
10350 ** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
10351 ** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
10352 ** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
10353 ** any [attached] databases.
10354 **
10355 ** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
10356 ** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
10357 ** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
10358 ** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
10359 ** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
10360 ** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
10361 ** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
10362 ** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
10363 **
10364 ** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
10365 ** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
10366 ** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
10367 **
10368 ** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
10369 **
10370 ** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
10371 ** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
10372 */
10373 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
10374 
10375 /*
10376 ** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
10377 ** METHOD: sqlite3
10378 **
10379 ** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
10380 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
10381 **
10382 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
10383 ** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
10384 ** on a database table.
10385 ** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
10386 ** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
10387 ** the previous setting.
10388 ** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
10389 ** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
10390 ** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
10391 ** the first parameter to callbacks.
10392 **
10393 ** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
10394 ** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
10395 ** system tables like sqlite_sequence or sqlite_stat1.
10396 **
10397 ** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
10398 ** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
10399 ** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
10400 ** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
10401 ** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
10402 ** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
10403 ** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
10404 ** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
10405 ** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
10406 ** databases.)^
10407 ** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
10408 ** table that is being modified.
10409 **
10410 ** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
10411 ** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
10412 ** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
10413 ** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
10414 ** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
10415 ** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
10416 ** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
10417 ** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
10418 ** DELETE operations on rowid tables.
10419 **
10420 ** ^The sqlite3_preupdate_hook(D,C,P) function returns the P argument from
10421 ** the previous call on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
10422 ** the first call on D.
10423 **
10424 ** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
10425 ** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
10426 ** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
10427 ** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
10428 ** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
10429 ** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
10430 ** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
10431 ** behavior.
10432 **
10433 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
10434 ** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
10435 **
10436 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
10437 ** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
10438 ** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
10439 ** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
10440 ** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
10441 ** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
10442 ** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
10443 ** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
10444 **
10445 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
10446 ** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
10447 ** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
10448 ** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
10449 ** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
10450 ** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
10451 ** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
10452 ** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
10453 **
10454 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
10455 ** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
10456 ** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
10457 ** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
10458 ** triggers; and so forth.
10459 **
10460 ** When the [sqlite3_blob_write()] API is used to update a blob column,
10461 ** the pre-update hook is invoked with SQLITE_DELETE. This is because the
10462 ** in this case the new values are not available. In this case, when a
10463 ** callback made with op==SQLITE_DELETE is actually a write using the
10464 ** sqlite3_blob_write() API, the [sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite()] returns
10465 ** the index of the column being written. In other cases, where the
10466 ** pre-update hook is being invoked for some other reason, including a
10467 ** regular DELETE, sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite() returns -1.
10468 **
10469 ** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
10470 */
10471 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
10472 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
10473   sqlite3 *db,
10474   void(*xPreUpdate)(
10475     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
10476     sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
10477     int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
10478     char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
10479     char const *zName,            /* Table name */
10480     sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
10481     sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
10482   ),
10483   void*
10484 );
10485 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
10486 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
10487 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
10488 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
10489 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite(sqlite3 *);
10490 #endif
10491 
10492 /*
10493 ** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
10494 ** METHOD: sqlite3
10495 **
10496 ** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
10497 ** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
10498 ** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
10499 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
10500 ** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
10501 ** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
10502 */
10503 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
10504 
10505 /*
10506 ** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
10507 ** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
10508 **
10509 ** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
10510 ** database for some specific point in history.
10511 **
10512 ** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
10513 ** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
10514 ** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
10515 ** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
10516 ** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
10517 ** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
10518 ** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
10519 **
10520 ** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
10521 ** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
10522 ** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
10523 ** the most recent version.
10524 */
10525 typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
10526   unsigned char hidden[48];
10527 } sqlite3_snapshot;
10528 
10529 /*
10530 ** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
10531 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
10532 **
10533 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
10534 ** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
10535 ** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
10536 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
10537 ** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
10538 ** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
10539 ** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
10540 **
10541 ** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
10542 ** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
10543 ** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
10544 ** in this case.
10545 **
10546 ** <ul>
10547 **   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
10548 **
10549 **   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
10550 **
10551 **   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
10552 **        connection D.
10553 **
10554 **   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
10555 **        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
10556 **        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
10557 **        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
10558 **        must be written to it first.
10559 ** </ul>
10560 **
10561 ** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
10562 ** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
10563 ** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
10564 **
10565 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
10566 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
10567 ** to avoid a memory leak.
10568 **
10569 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
10570 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10571 */
10572 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
10573   sqlite3 *db,
10574   const char *zSchema,
10575   sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
10576 );
10577 
10578 /*
10579 ** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
10580 ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10581 **
10582 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
10583 ** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
10584 ** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
10585 ** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
10586 ** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
10587 ** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
10588 **
10589 ** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
10590 ** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
10591 ** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
10592 ** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
10593 ** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
10594 ** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
10595 ** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
10596 **
10597 ** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
10598 ** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
10599 ** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
10600 **
10601 ** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
10602 ** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
10603 ** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
10604 ** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
10605 ** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
10606 ** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
10607 ** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
10608 **
10609 ** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
10610 ** database connection D does not know that the database file for
10611 ** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
10612 ** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
10613 ** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
10614 ** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
10615 ** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
10616 ** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
10617 **
10618 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
10619 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10620 */
10621 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
10622   sqlite3 *db,
10623   const char *zSchema,
10624   sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
10625 );
10626 
10627 /*
10628 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
10629 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
10630 **
10631 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
10632 ** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
10633 ** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
10634 **
10635 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
10636 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10637 */
10638 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
10639 
10640 /*
10641 ** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
10642 ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10643 **
10644 ** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
10645 ** of two valid snapshot handles.
10646 **
10647 ** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
10648 ** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
10649 **
10650 ** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
10651 ** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
10652 ** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
10653 ** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
10654 ** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
10655 ** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
10656 ** is undefined.
10657 **
10658 ** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
10659 ** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
10660 ** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
10661 **
10662 ** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
10663 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
10664 */
10665 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
10666   sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
10667   sqlite3_snapshot *p2
10668 );
10669 
10670 /*
10671 ** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
10672 ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10673 **
10674 ** If a [WAL file] remains on disk after all database connections close
10675 ** (either through the use of the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] [file control]
10676 ** or because the last process to have the database opened exited without
10677 ** calling [sqlite3_close()]) and a new connection is subsequently opened
10678 ** on that database and [WAL file], the [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface
10679 ** will only be able to open the last transaction added to the WAL file
10680 ** even though the WAL file contains other valid transactions.
10681 **
10682 ** This function attempts to scan the WAL file associated with database zDb
10683 ** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
10684 ** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
10685 ** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a WAL mode
10686 ** database.
10687 **
10688 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
10689 **
10690 ** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
10691 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
10692 */
10693 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
10694 
10695 /*
10696 ** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
10697 **
10698 ** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
10699 ** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
10700 ** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
10701 ** is written into *P.
10702 **
10703 ** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
10704 ** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
10705 ** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
10706 ** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
10707 **
10708 ** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
10709 ** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
10710 ** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
10711 ** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
10712 ** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
10713 ** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
10714 ** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
10715 ** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
10716 ** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
10717 ** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
10718 ** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
10719 ** values of D and S.
10720 ** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
10721 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
10722 ** of the database exists.
10723 **
10724 ** After the call, if the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit had been set,
10725 ** the returned buffer content will remain accessible and unchanged
10726 ** until either the next write operation on the connection or when
10727 ** the connection is closed, and applications must not modify the
10728 ** buffer. If the bit had been clear, the returned buffer will not
10729 ** be accessed by SQLite after the call.
10730 **
10731 ** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
10732 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
10733 ** allocation error occurs.
10734 **
10735 ** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
10736 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
10737 */
10738 SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
10739   sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
10740   const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
10741   sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
10742   unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
10743 );
10744 
10745 /*
10746 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
10747 **
10748 ** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
10749 ** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
10750 **
10751 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
10752 ** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
10753 ** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
10754 ** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
10755 ** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
10756 ** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
10757 ** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
10758 */
10759 #define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
10760 
10761 /*
10762 ** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
10763 **
10764 ** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
10765 ** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
10766 ** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
10767 ** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
10768 ** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
10769 ** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
10770 ** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
10771 ** size does not exceed M bytes.
10772 **
10773 ** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
10774 ** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
10775 ** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
10776 ** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
10777 ** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
10778 **
10779 ** Applications must not modify the buffer P or invalidate it before
10780 ** the database connection D is closed.
10781 **
10782 ** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
10783 ** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
10784 ** operation.
10785 **
10786 ** It is not possible to deserialized into the TEMP database.  If the
10787 ** S argument to sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) is "temp" then the
10788 ** function returns SQLITE_ERROR.
10789 **
10790 ** The deserialized database should not be in [WAL mode].  If the database
10791 ** is in WAL mode, then any attempt to use the database file will result
10792 ** in an [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] error.  The application can set the
10793 ** [file format version numbers] (bytes 18 and 19) of the input database P
10794 ** to 0x01 prior to invoking sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) to force the
10795 ** database file into rollback mode and work around this limitation.
10796 **
10797 ** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
10798 ** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
10799 ** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
10800 **
10801 ** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
10802 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
10803 */
10804 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_deserialize(
10805   sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
10806   const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
10807   unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
10808   sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
10809   sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
10810   unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
10811 );
10812 
10813 /*
10814 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
10815 **
10816 ** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
10817 ** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
10818 **
10819 ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
10820 ** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
10821 ** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
10822 ** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
10823 ** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
10824 **
10825 ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
10826 ** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
10827 ** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
10828 ** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
10829 ** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
10830 **
10831 ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
10832 ** should be treated as read-only.
10833 */
10834 #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
10835 #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
10836 #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
10837 
10838 /*
10839 ** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
10840 ** builds on processors without floating point support.
10841 */
10842 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
10843 # undef double
10844 #endif
10845 
10846 #if defined(__wasi__)
10847 # undef SQLITE_WASI
10848 # define SQLITE_WASI 1
10849 # undef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
10850 # define SQLITE_OMIT_WAL 1/* because it requires shared memory APIs */
10851 # ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
10852 #  define SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
10853 # endif
10854 # ifndef SQLITE_THREADSAFE
10855 #  define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 0
10856 # endif
10857 #endif
10858 
10859 #ifdef __cplusplus
10860 }  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
10861 #endif
10862 #endif /* SQLITE3_H */
10863 
10864 /******** Begin file sqlite3rtree.h *********/
10865 /*
10866 ** 2010 August 30
10867 **
10868 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
10869 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
10870 **
10871 **    May you do good and not evil.
10872 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
10873 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10874 **
10875 *************************************************************************
10876 */
10877 
10878 #ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
10879 #define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
10880 
10881 
10882 #ifdef __cplusplus
10883 extern "C" {
10884 #endif
10885 
10886 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
10887 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
10888 
10889 /* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
10890 ** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
10891 */
10892 #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
10893   typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
10894 #else
10895   typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
10896 #endif
10897 
10898 /*
10899 ** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
10900 ** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
10901 **
10902 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
10903 */
10904 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
10905   sqlite3 *db,
10906   const char *zGeom,
10907   int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
10908   void *pContext
10909 );
10910 
10911 
10912 /*
10913 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
10914 ** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
10915 */
10916 struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
10917   void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
10918   int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
10919   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
10920   void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
10921   void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
10922 };
10923 
10924 /*
10925 ** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
10926 ** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
10927 **
10928 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
10929 */
10930 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
10931   sqlite3 *db,
10932   const char *zQueryFunc,
10933   int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
10934   void *pContext,
10935   void (*xDestructor)(void*)
10936 );
10937 
10938 
10939 /*
10940 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
10941 ** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
10942 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
10943 **
10944 ** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
10945 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
10946 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
10947 */
10948 struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
10949   void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
10950   int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
10951   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
10952   void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
10953   void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
10954   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
10955   unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
10956   int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
10957   int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
10958   int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
10959   sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
10960   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
10961   int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
10962   int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visibility */
10963   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
10964   /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */
10965   sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */
10966 };
10967 
10968 /*
10969 ** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
10970 */
10971 #define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
10972 #define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
10973 #define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
10974 
10975 
10976 #ifdef __cplusplus
10977 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
10978 #endif
10979 
10980 #endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
10981 
10982 /******** End of sqlite3rtree.h *********/
10983 /******** Begin file sqlite3session.h *********/
10984 
10985 #if !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
10986 #define __SQLITESESSION_H_ 1
10987 
10988 /*
10989 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
10990 */
10991 #ifdef __cplusplus
10992 extern "C" {
10993 #endif
10994 
10995 
10996 /*
10997 ** CAPI3REF: Session Object Handle
10998 **
10999 ** An instance of this object is a [session] that can be used to
11000 ** record changes to a database.
11001 */
11002 typedef struct sqlite3_session sqlite3_session;
11003 
11004 /*
11005 ** CAPI3REF: Changeset Iterator Handle
11006 **
11007 ** An instance of this object acts as a cursor for iterating
11008 ** over the elements of a [changeset] or [patchset].
11009 */
11010 typedef struct sqlite3_changeset_iter sqlite3_changeset_iter;
11011 
11012 /*
11013 ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Session Object
11014 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_session
11015 **
11016 ** Create a new session object attached to database handle db. If successful,
11017 ** a pointer to the new object is written to *ppSession and SQLITE_OK is
11018 ** returned. If an error occurs, *ppSession is set to NULL and an SQLite
11019 ** error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
11020 **
11021 ** It is possible to create multiple session objects attached to a single
11022 ** database handle.
11023 **
11024 ** Session objects created using this function should be deleted using the
11025 ** [sqlite3session_delete()] function before the database handle that they
11026 ** are attached to is itself closed. If the database handle is closed before
11027 ** the session object is deleted, then the results of calling any session
11028 ** module function, including [sqlite3session_delete()] on the session object
11029 ** are undefined.
11030 **
11031 ** Because the session module uses the [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] API, it
11032 ** is not possible for an application to register a pre-update hook on a
11033 ** database handle that has one or more session objects attached. Nor is
11034 ** it possible to create a session object attached to a database handle for
11035 ** which a pre-update hook is already defined. The results of attempting
11036 ** either of these things are undefined.
11037 **
11038 ** The session object will be used to create changesets for tables in
11039 ** database zDb, where zDb is either "main", or "temp", or the name of an
11040 ** attached database. It is not an error if database zDb is not attached
11041 ** to the database when the session object is created.
11042 */
11043 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_create(
11044   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
11045   const char *zDb,                /* Name of db (e.g. "main") */
11046   sqlite3_session **ppSession     /* OUT: New session object */
11047 );
11048 
11049 /*
11050 ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Session Object
11051 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_session
11052 **
11053 ** Delete a session object previously allocated using
11054 ** [sqlite3session_create()]. Once a session object has been deleted, the
11055 ** results of attempting to use pSession with any other session module
11056 ** function are undefined.
11057 **
11058 ** Session objects must be deleted before the database handle to which they
11059 ** are attached is closed. Refer to the documentation for
11060 ** [sqlite3session_create()] for details.
11061 */
11062 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession);
11063 
11064 /*
11065 ** CAPI3REF: Configure a Session Object
11066 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11067 **
11068 ** This method is used to configure a session object after it has been
11069 ** created. At present the only valid values for the second parameter are
11070 ** [SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_SIZE] and [SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_ROWID].
11071 **
11072 */
11073 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_object_config(sqlite3_session*, int op, void *pArg);
11074 
11075 /*
11076 ** CAPI3REF: Options for sqlite3session_object_config
11077 **
11078 ** The following values may passed as the the 2nd parameter to
11079 ** sqlite3session_object_config().
11080 **
11081 ** <dt>SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_SIZE <dd>
11082 **   This option is used to set, clear or query the flag that enables
11083 **   the [sqlite3session_changeset_size()] API. Because it imposes some
11084 **   computational overhead, this API is disabled by default. Argument
11085 **   pArg must point to a value of type (int). If the value is initially
11086 **   0, then the sqlite3session_changeset_size() API is disabled. If it
11087 **   is greater than 0, then the same API is enabled. Or, if the initial
11088 **   value is less than zero, no change is made. In all cases the (int)
11089 **   variable is set to 1 if the sqlite3session_changeset_size() API is
11090 **   enabled following the current call, or 0 otherwise.
11091 **
11092 **   It is an error (SQLITE_MISUSE) to attempt to modify this setting after
11093 **   the first table has been attached to the session object.
11094 **
11095 ** <dt>SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_ROWID <dd>
11096 **   This option is used to set, clear or query the flag that enables
11097 **   collection of data for tables with no explicit PRIMARY KEY.
11098 **
11099 **   Normally, tables with no explicit PRIMARY KEY are simply ignored
11100 **   by the sessions module. However, if this flag is set, it behaves
11101 **   as if such tables have a column "_rowid_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" inserted
11102 **   as their leftmost columns.
11103 **
11104 **   It is an error (SQLITE_MISUSE) to attempt to modify this setting after
11105 **   the first table has been attached to the session object.
11106 */
11107 #define SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_SIZE  1
11108 #define SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_ROWID 2
11109 
11110 /*
11111 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable A Session Object
11112 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11113 **
11114 ** Enable or disable the recording of changes by a session object. When
11115 ** enabled, a session object records changes made to the database. When
11116 ** disabled - it does not. A newly created session object is enabled.
11117 ** Refer to the documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further
11118 ** details regarding how enabling and disabling a session object affects
11119 ** the eventual changesets.
11120 **
11121 ** Passing zero to this function disables the session. Passing a value
11122 ** greater than zero enables it. Passing a value less than zero is a
11123 ** no-op, and may be used to query the current state of the session.
11124 **
11125 ** The return value indicates the final state of the session object: 0 if
11126 ** the session is disabled, or 1 if it is enabled.
11127 */
11128 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
11129 
11130 /*
11131 ** CAPI3REF: Set Or Clear the Indirect Change Flag
11132 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11133 **
11134 ** Each change recorded by a session object is marked as either direct or
11135 ** indirect. A change is marked as indirect if either:
11136 **
11137 ** <ul>
11138 **   <li> The session object "indirect" flag is set when the change is
11139 **        made, or
11140 **   <li> The change is made by an SQL trigger or foreign key action
11141 **        instead of directly as a result of a users SQL statement.
11142 ** </ul>
11143 **
11144 ** If a single row is affected by more than one operation within a session,
11145 ** then the change is considered indirect if all operations meet the criteria
11146 ** for an indirect change above, or direct otherwise.
11147 **
11148 ** This function is used to set, clear or query the session object indirect
11149 ** flag.  If the second argument passed to this function is zero, then the
11150 ** indirect flag is cleared. If it is greater than zero, the indirect flag
11151 ** is set. Passing a value less than zero does not modify the current value
11152 ** of the indirect flag, and may be used to query the current state of the
11153 ** indirect flag for the specified session object.
11154 **
11155 ** The return value indicates the final state of the indirect flag: 0 if
11156 ** it is clear, or 1 if it is set.
11157 */
11158 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect);
11159 
11160 /*
11161 ** CAPI3REF: Attach A Table To A Session Object
11162 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11163 **
11164 ** If argument zTab is not NULL, then it is the name of a table to attach
11165 ** to the session object passed as the first argument. All subsequent changes
11166 ** made to the table while the session object is enabled will be recorded. See
11167 ** documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further details.
11168 **
11169 ** Or, if argument zTab is NULL, then changes are recorded for all tables
11170 ** in the database. If additional tables are added to the database (by
11171 ** executing "CREATE TABLE" statements) after this call is made, changes for
11172 ** the new tables are also recorded.
11173 **
11174 ** Changes can only be recorded for tables that have a PRIMARY KEY explicitly
11175 ** defined as part of their CREATE TABLE statement. It does not matter if the
11176 ** PRIMARY KEY is an "INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" (rowid alias) or not. The PRIMARY
11177 ** KEY may consist of a single column, or may be a composite key.
11178 **
11179 ** It is not an error if the named table does not exist in the database. Nor
11180 ** is it an error if the named table does not have a PRIMARY KEY. However,
11181 ** no changes will be recorded in either of these scenarios.
11182 **
11183 ** Changes are not recorded for individual rows that have NULL values stored
11184 ** in one or more of their PRIMARY KEY columns.
11185 **
11186 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error
11187 ** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
11188 **
11189 ** <h3>Special sqlite_stat1 Handling</h3>
11190 **
11191 ** As of SQLite version 3.22.0, the "sqlite_stat1" table is an exception to
11192 ** some of the rules above. In SQLite, the schema of sqlite_stat1 is:
11193 **  <pre>
11194 **  &nbsp;     CREATE TABLE sqlite_stat1(tbl,idx,stat)
11195 **  </pre>
11196 **
11197 ** Even though sqlite_stat1 does not have a PRIMARY KEY, changes are
11198 ** recorded for it as if the PRIMARY KEY is (tbl,idx). Additionally, changes
11199 ** are recorded for rows for which (idx IS NULL) is true. However, for such
11200 ** rows a zero-length blob (SQL value X'') is stored in the changeset or
11201 ** patchset instead of a NULL value. This allows such changesets to be
11202 ** manipulated by legacy implementations of sqlite3changeset_invert(),
11203 ** concat() and similar.
11204 **
11205 ** The sqlite3changeset_apply() function automatically converts the
11206 ** zero-length blob back to a NULL value when updating the sqlite_stat1
11207 ** table. However, if the application calls sqlite3changeset_new(),
11208 ** sqlite3changeset_old() or sqlite3changeset_conflict on a changeset
11209 ** iterator directly (including on a changeset iterator passed to a
11210 ** conflict-handler callback) then the X'' value is returned. The application
11211 ** must translate X'' to NULL itself if required.
11212 **
11213 ** Legacy (older than 3.22.0) versions of the sessions module cannot capture
11214 ** changes made to the sqlite_stat1 table. Legacy versions of the
11215 ** sqlite3changeset_apply() function silently ignore any modifications to the
11216 ** sqlite_stat1 table that are part of a changeset or patchset.
11217 */
11218 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
11219   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
11220   const char *zTab                /* Table name */
11221 );
11222 
11223 /*
11224 ** CAPI3REF: Set a table filter on a Session Object.
11225 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11226 **
11227 ** The second argument (xFilter) is the "filter callback". For changes to rows
11228 ** in tables that are not attached to the Session object, the filter is called
11229 ** to determine whether changes to the table's rows should be tracked or not.
11230 ** If xFilter returns 0, changes are not tracked. Note that once a table is
11231 ** attached, xFilter will not be called again.
11232 */
11233 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
11234   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
11235   int(*xFilter)(
11236     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to _filter_table() */
11237     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
11238   ),
11239   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xFilter */
11240 );
11241 
11242 /*
11243 ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Changeset From A Session Object
11244 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11245 **
11246 ** Obtain a changeset containing changes to the tables attached to the
11247 ** session object passed as the first argument. If successful,
11248 ** set *ppChangeset to point to a buffer containing the changeset
11249 ** and *pnChangeset to the size of the changeset in bytes before returning
11250 ** SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set both *ppChangeset and *pnChangeset to
11251 ** zero and return an SQLite error code.
11252 **
11253 ** A changeset consists of zero or more INSERT, UPDATE and/or DELETE changes,
11254 ** each representing a change to a single row of an attached table. An INSERT
11255 ** change contains the values of each field of a new database row. A DELETE
11256 ** contains the original values of each field of a deleted database row. An
11257 ** UPDATE change contains the original values of each field of an updated
11258 ** database row along with the updated values for each updated non-primary-key
11259 ** column. It is not possible for an UPDATE change to represent a change that
11260 ** modifies the values of primary key columns. If such a change is made, it
11261 ** is represented in a changeset as a DELETE followed by an INSERT.
11262 **
11263 ** Changes are not recorded for rows that have NULL values stored in one or
11264 ** more of their PRIMARY KEY columns. If such a row is inserted or deleted,
11265 ** no corresponding change is present in the changesets returned by this
11266 ** function. If an existing row with one or more NULL values stored in
11267 ** PRIMARY KEY columns is updated so that all PRIMARY KEY columns are non-NULL,
11268 ** only an INSERT is appears in the changeset. Similarly, if an existing row
11269 ** with non-NULL PRIMARY KEY values is updated so that one or more of its
11270 ** PRIMARY KEY columns are set to NULL, the resulting changeset contains a
11271 ** DELETE change only.
11272 **
11273 ** The contents of a changeset may be traversed using an iterator created
11274 ** using the [sqlite3changeset_start()] API. A changeset may be applied to
11275 ** a database with a compatible schema using the [sqlite3changeset_apply()]
11276 ** API.
11277 **
11278 ** Within a changeset generated by this function, all changes related to a
11279 ** single table are grouped together. In other words, when iterating through
11280 ** a changeset or when applying a changeset to a database, all changes related
11281 ** to a single table are processed before moving on to the next table. Tables
11282 ** are sorted in the same order in which they were attached (or auto-attached)
11283 ** to the sqlite3_session object. The order in which the changes related to
11284 ** a single table are stored is undefined.
11285 **
11286 ** Following a successful call to this function, it is the responsibility of
11287 ** the caller to eventually free the buffer that *ppChangeset points to using
11288 ** [sqlite3_free()].
11289 **
11290 ** <h3>Changeset Generation</h3>
11291 **
11292 ** Once a table has been attached to a session object, the session object
11293 ** records the primary key values of all new rows inserted into the table.
11294 ** It also records the original primary key and other column values of any
11295 ** deleted or updated rows. For each unique primary key value, data is only
11296 ** recorded once - the first time a row with said primary key is inserted,
11297 ** updated or deleted in the lifetime of the session.
11298 **
11299 ** There is one exception to the previous paragraph: when a row is inserted,
11300 ** updated or deleted, if one or more of its primary key columns contain a
11301 ** NULL value, no record of the change is made.
11302 **
11303 ** The session object therefore accumulates two types of records - those
11304 ** that consist of primary key values only (created when the user inserts
11305 ** a new record) and those that consist of the primary key values and the
11306 ** original values of other table columns (created when the users deletes
11307 ** or updates a record).
11308 **
11309 ** When this function is called, the requested changeset is created using
11310 ** both the accumulated records and the current contents of the database
11311 ** file. Specifically:
11312 **
11313 ** <ul>
11314 **   <li> For each record generated by an insert, the database is queried
11315 **        for a row with a matching primary key. If one is found, an INSERT
11316 **        change is added to the changeset. If no such row is found, no change
11317 **        is added to the changeset.
11318 **
11319 **   <li> For each record generated by an update or delete, the database is
11320 **        queried for a row with a matching primary key. If such a row is
11321 **        found and one or more of the non-primary key fields have been
11322 **        modified from their original values, an UPDATE change is added to
11323 **        the changeset. Or, if no such row is found in the table, a DELETE
11324 **        change is added to the changeset. If there is a row with a matching
11325 **        primary key in the database, but all fields contain their original
11326 **        values, no change is added to the changeset.
11327 ** </ul>
11328 **
11329 ** This means, amongst other things, that if a row is inserted and then later
11330 ** deleted while a session object is active, neither the insert nor the delete
11331 ** will be present in the changeset. Or if a row is deleted and then later a
11332 ** row with the same primary key values inserted while a session object is
11333 ** active, the resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change instead of
11334 ** a DELETE and an INSERT.
11335 **
11336 ** When a session object is disabled (see the [sqlite3session_enable()] API),
11337 ** it does not accumulate records when rows are inserted, updated or deleted.
11338 ** This may appear to have some counter-intuitive effects if a single row
11339 ** is written to more than once during a session. For example, if a row
11340 ** is inserted while a session object is enabled, then later deleted while
11341 ** the same session object is disabled, no INSERT record will appear in the
11342 ** changeset, even though the delete took place while the session was disabled.
11343 ** Or, if one field of a row is updated while a session is disabled, and
11344 ** another field of the same row is updated while the session is enabled, the
11345 ** resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change that updates both fields.
11346 */
11347 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset(
11348   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
11349   int *pnChangeset,               /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
11350   void **ppChangeset              /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
11351 );
11352 
11353 /*
11354 ** CAPI3REF: Return An Upper-limit For The Size Of The Changeset
11355 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11356 **
11357 ** By default, this function always returns 0. For it to return
11358 ** a useful result, the sqlite3_session object must have been configured
11359 ** to enable this API using sqlite3session_object_config() with the
11360 ** SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_SIZE verb.
11361 **
11362 ** When enabled, this function returns an upper limit, in bytes, for the size
11363 ** of the changeset that might be produced if sqlite3session_changeset() were
11364 ** called. The final changeset size might be equal to or smaller than the
11365 ** size in bytes returned by this function.
11366 */
11367 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3session_changeset_size(sqlite3_session *pSession);
11368 
11369 /*
11370 ** CAPI3REF: Load The Difference Between Tables Into A Session
11371 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11372 **
11373 ** If it is not already attached to the session object passed as the first
11374 ** argument, this function attaches table zTbl in the same manner as the
11375 ** [sqlite3session_attach()] function. If zTbl does not exist, or if it
11376 ** does not have a primary key, this function is a no-op (but does not return
11377 ** an error).
11378 **
11379 ** Argument zFromDb must be the name of a database ("main", "temp" etc.)
11380 ** attached to the same database handle as the session object that contains
11381 ** a table compatible with the table attached to the session by this function.
11382 ** A table is considered compatible if it:
11383 **
11384 ** <ul>
11385 **   <li> Has the same name,
11386 **   <li> Has the same set of columns declared in the same order, and
11387 **   <li> Has the same PRIMARY KEY definition.
11388 ** </ul>
11389 **
11390 ** If the tables are not compatible, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned. If the tables
11391 ** are compatible but do not have any PRIMARY KEY columns, it is not an error
11392 ** but no changes are added to the session object. As with other session
11393 ** APIs, tables without PRIMARY KEYs are simply ignored.
11394 **
11395 ** This function adds a set of changes to the session object that could be
11396 ** used to update the table in database zFrom (call this the "from-table")
11397 ** so that its content is the same as the table attached to the session
11398 ** object (call this the "to-table"). Specifically:
11399 **
11400 ** <ul>
11401 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
11402 **     the from-table, an INSERT record is added to the session object.
11403 **
11404 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
11405 **     the from-table, a DELETE record is added to the session object.
11406 **
11407 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in both tables, but features
11408 **     different non-PK values in each, an UPDATE record is added to the
11409 **     session.
11410 ** </ul>
11411 **
11412 ** To clarify, if this function is called and then a changeset constructed
11413 ** using [sqlite3session_changeset()], then after applying that changeset to
11414 ** database zFrom the contents of the two compatible tables would be
11415 ** identical.
11416 **
11417 ** It an error if database zFrom does not exist or does not contain the
11418 ** required compatible table.
11419 **
11420 ** If the operation is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite
11421 ** error code. In this case, if argument pzErrMsg is not NULL, *pzErrMsg
11422 ** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error
11423 ** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to free this buffer using
11424 ** sqlite3_free().
11425 */
11426 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_diff(
11427   sqlite3_session *pSession,
11428   const char *zFromDb,
11429   const char *zTbl,
11430   char **pzErrMsg
11431 );
11432 
11433 
11434 /*
11435 ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Patchset From A Session Object
11436 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11437 **
11438 ** The differences between a patchset and a changeset are that:
11439 **
11440 ** <ul>
11441 **   <li> DELETE records consist of the primary key fields only. The
11442 **        original values of other fields are omitted.
11443 **   <li> The original values of any modified fields are omitted from
11444 **        UPDATE records.
11445 ** </ul>
11446 **
11447 ** A patchset blob may be used with up to date versions of all
11448 ** sqlite3changeset_xxx API functions except for sqlite3changeset_invert(),
11449 ** which returns SQLITE_CORRUPT if it is passed a patchset. Similarly,
11450 ** attempting to use a patchset blob with old versions of the
11451 ** sqlite3changeset_xxx APIs also provokes an SQLITE_CORRUPT error.
11452 **
11453 ** Because the non-primary key "old.*" fields are omitted, no
11454 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflicts can be detected or reported if a patchset
11455 ** is passed to the sqlite3changeset_apply() API. Other conflict types work
11456 ** in the same way as for changesets.
11457 **
11458 ** Changes within a patchset are ordered in the same way as for changesets
11459 ** generated by the sqlite3session_changeset() function (i.e. all changes for
11460 ** a single table are grouped together, tables appear in the order in which
11461 ** they were attached to the session object).
11462 */
11463 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset(
11464   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
11465   int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppPatchset */
11466   void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing patchset */
11467 );
11468 
11469 /*
11470 ** CAPI3REF: Test if a changeset has recorded any changes.
11471 **
11472 ** Return non-zero if no changes to attached tables have been recorded by
11473 ** the session object passed as the first argument. Otherwise, if one or
11474 ** more changes have been recorded, return zero.
11475 **
11476 ** Even if this function returns zero, it is possible that calling
11477 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()] on the session handle may still return a
11478 ** changeset that contains no changes. This can happen when a row in
11479 ** an attached table is modified and then later on the original values
11480 ** are restored. However, if this function returns non-zero, then it is
11481 ** guaranteed that a call to sqlite3session_changeset() will return a
11482 ** changeset containing zero changes.
11483 */
11484 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
11485 
11486 /*
11487 ** CAPI3REF: Query for the amount of heap memory used by a session object.
11488 **
11489 ** This API returns the total amount of heap memory in bytes currently
11490 ** used by the session object passed as the only argument.
11491 */
11492 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3session_memory_used(sqlite3_session *pSession);
11493 
11494 /*
11495 ** CAPI3REF: Create An Iterator To Traverse A Changeset
11496 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11497 **
11498 ** Create an iterator used to iterate through the contents of a changeset.
11499 ** If successful, *pp is set to point to the iterator handle and SQLITE_OK
11500 ** is returned. Otherwise, if an error occurs, *pp is set to zero and an
11501 ** SQLite error code is returned.
11502 **
11503 ** The following functions can be used to advance and query a changeset
11504 ** iterator created by this function:
11505 **
11506 ** <ul>
11507 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_next()]
11508 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_op()]
11509 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_new()]
11510 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_old()]
11511 ** </ul>
11512 **
11513 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually destroy the iterator
11514 ** by passing it to [sqlite3changeset_finalize()]. The buffer containing the
11515 ** changeset (pChangeset) must remain valid until after the iterator is
11516 ** destroyed.
11517 **
11518 ** Assuming the changeset blob was created by one of the
11519 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()], [sqlite3changeset_concat()] or
11520 ** [sqlite3changeset_invert()] functions, all changes within the changeset
11521 ** that apply to a single table are grouped together. This means that when
11522 ** an application iterates through a changeset using an iterator created by
11523 ** this function, all changes that relate to a single table are visited
11524 ** consecutively. There is no chance that the iterator will visit a change
11525 ** the applies to table X, then one for table Y, and then later on visit
11526 ** another change for table X.
11527 **
11528 ** The behavior of sqlite3changeset_start_v2() and its streaming equivalent
11529 ** may be modified by passing a combination of
11530 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT | supported flags] as the 4th parameter.
11531 **
11532 ** Note that the sqlite3changeset_start_v2() API is still <b>experimental</b>
11533 ** and therefore subject to change.
11534 */
11535 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start(
11536   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
11537   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
11538   void *pChangeset                /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
11539 );
11540 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_v2(
11541   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
11542   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
11543   void *pChangeset,               /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
11544   int flags                       /* SESSION_CHANGESETSTART_* flags */
11545 );
11546 
11547 /*
11548 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3changeset_start_v2
11549 **
11550 ** The following flags may passed via the 4th parameter to
11551 ** [sqlite3changeset_start_v2] and [sqlite3changeset_start_v2_strm]:
11552 **
11553 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT <dd>
11554 **   Invert the changeset while iterating through it. This is equivalent to
11555 **   inverting a changeset using sqlite3changeset_invert() before applying it.
11556 **   It is an error to specify this flag with a patchset.
11557 */
11558 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT        0x0002
11559 
11560 
11561 /*
11562 ** CAPI3REF: Advance A Changeset Iterator
11563 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11564 **
11565 ** This function may only be used with iterators created by the function
11566 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()]. If it is called on an iterator passed to
11567 ** a conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], SQLITE_MISUSE
11568 ** is returned and the call has no effect.
11569 **
11570 ** Immediately after an iterator is created by sqlite3changeset_start(), it
11571 ** does not point to any change in the changeset. Assuming the changeset
11572 ** is not empty, the first call to this function advances the iterator to
11573 ** point to the first change in the changeset. Each subsequent call advances
11574 ** the iterator to point to the next change in the changeset (if any). If
11575 ** no error occurs and the iterator points to a valid change after a call
11576 ** to sqlite3changeset_next() has advanced it, SQLITE_ROW is returned.
11577 ** Otherwise, if all changes in the changeset have already been visited,
11578 ** SQLITE_DONE is returned.
11579 **
11580 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Possible error
11581 ** codes include SQLITE_CORRUPT (if the changeset buffer is corrupt) or
11582 ** SQLITE_NOMEM.
11583 */
11584 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_next(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
11585 
11586 /*
11587 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Current Operation From A Changeset Iterator
11588 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11589 **
11590 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
11591 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
11592 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
11593 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned [SQLITE_ROW]. If this
11594 ** is not the case, this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE].
11595 **
11596 ** Arguments pOp, pnCol and pzTab may not be NULL. Upon return, three
11597 ** outputs are set through these pointers:
11598 **
11599 ** *pOp is set to one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE],
11600 ** depending on the type of change that the iterator currently points to;
11601 **
11602 ** *pnCol is set to the number of columns in the table affected by the change; and
11603 **
11604 ** *pzTab is set to point to a nul-terminated utf-8 encoded string containing
11605 ** the name of the table affected by the current change. The buffer remains
11606 ** valid until either sqlite3changeset_next() is called on the iterator
11607 ** or until the conflict-handler function returns.
11608 **
11609 ** If pbIndirect is not NULL, then *pbIndirect is set to true (1) if the change
11610 ** is an indirect change, or false (0) otherwise. See the documentation for
11611 ** [sqlite3session_indirect()] for a description of direct and indirect
11612 ** changes.
11613 **
11614 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error does occur, an
11615 ** SQLite error code is returned. The values of the output variables may not
11616 ** be trusted in this case.
11617 */
11618 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_op(
11619   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
11620   const char **pzTab,             /* OUT: Pointer to table name */
11621   int *pnCol,                     /* OUT: Number of columns in table */
11622   int *pOp,                       /* OUT: SQLITE_INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE */
11623   int *pbIndirect                 /* OUT: True for an 'indirect' change */
11624 );
11625 
11626 /*
11627 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Primary Key Definition Of A Table
11628 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11629 **
11630 ** For each modified table, a changeset includes the following:
11631 **
11632 ** <ul>
11633 **   <li> The number of columns in the table, and
11634 **   <li> Which of those columns make up the tables PRIMARY KEY.
11635 ** </ul>
11636 **
11637 ** This function is used to find which columns comprise the PRIMARY KEY of
11638 ** the table modified by the change that iterator pIter currently points to.
11639 ** If successful, *pabPK is set to point to an array of nCol entries, where
11640 ** nCol is the number of columns in the table. Elements of *pabPK are set to
11641 ** 0x01 if the corresponding column is part of the tables primary key, or
11642 ** 0x00 if it is not.
11643 **
11644 ** If argument pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is set to the number of columns
11645 ** in the table.
11646 **
11647 ** If this function is called when the iterator does not point to a valid
11648 ** entry, SQLITE_MISUSE is returned and the output variables zeroed. Otherwise,
11649 ** SQLITE_OK is returned and the output variables populated as described
11650 ** above.
11651 */
11652 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_pk(
11653   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
11654   unsigned char **pabPK,          /* OUT: Array of boolean - true for PK cols */
11655   int *pnCol                      /* OUT: Number of entries in output array */
11656 );
11657 
11658 /*
11659 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain old.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
11660 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11661 **
11662 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
11663 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
11664 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
11665 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
11666 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
11667 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE]. Otherwise,
11668 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
11669 **
11670 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
11671 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
11672 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
11673 **
11674 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
11675 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
11676 ** original row values stored as part of the UPDATE or DELETE change and
11677 ** returns SQLITE_OK. The name of the function comes from the fact that this
11678 ** is similar to the "old.*" columns available to update or delete triggers.
11679 **
11680 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
11681 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
11682 */
11683 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_old(
11684   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
11685   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
11686   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Old value (or NULL pointer) */
11687 );
11688 
11689 /*
11690 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain new.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
11691 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11692 **
11693 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
11694 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
11695 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
11696 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
11697 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
11698 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_UPDATE] or [SQLITE_INSERT]. Otherwise,
11699 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
11700 **
11701 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
11702 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
11703 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
11704 **
11705 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
11706 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
11707 ** new row values stored as part of the UPDATE or INSERT change and
11708 ** returns SQLITE_OK. If the change is an UPDATE and does not include
11709 ** a new value for the requested column, *ppValue is set to NULL and
11710 ** SQLITE_OK returned. The name of the function comes from the fact that
11711 ** this is similar to the "new.*" columns available to update or delete
11712 ** triggers.
11713 **
11714 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
11715 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
11716 */
11717 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_new(
11718   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
11719   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
11720   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: New value (or NULL pointer) */
11721 );
11722 
11723 /*
11724 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Conflicting Row Values From A Changeset Iterator
11725 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11726 **
11727 ** This function should only be used with iterator objects passed to a
11728 ** conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()] with either
11729 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] or [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT]. If this function
11730 ** is called on any other iterator, [SQLITE_MISUSE] is returned and *ppValue
11731 ** is set to NULL.
11732 **
11733 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
11734 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
11735 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
11736 **
11737 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
11738 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the
11739 ** "conflicting row" associated with the current conflict-handler callback
11740 ** and returns SQLITE_OK.
11741 **
11742 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
11743 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
11744 */
11745 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_conflict(
11746   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
11747   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
11748   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Value from conflicting row */
11749 );
11750 
11751 /*
11752 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Number Of Foreign Key Constraint Violations
11753 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11754 **
11755 ** This function may only be called with an iterator passed to an
11756 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY conflict handler callback. In this case
11757 ** it sets the output variable to the total number of known foreign key
11758 ** violations in the destination database and returns SQLITE_OK.
11759 **
11760 ** In all other cases this function returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
11761 */
11762 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts(
11763   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
11764   int *pnOut                      /* OUT: Number of FK violations */
11765 );
11766 
11767 
11768 /*
11769 ** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Changeset Iterator
11770 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11771 **
11772 ** This function is used to finalize an iterator allocated with
11773 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()].
11774 **
11775 ** This function should only be called on iterators created using the
11776 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()] function. If an application calls this
11777 ** function with an iterator passed to a conflict-handler by
11778 ** [sqlite3changeset_apply()], [SQLITE_MISUSE] is immediately returned and the
11779 ** call has no effect.
11780 **
11781 ** If an error was encountered within a call to an sqlite3changeset_xxx()
11782 ** function (for example an [SQLITE_CORRUPT] in [sqlite3changeset_next()] or an
11783 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM] in [sqlite3changeset_new()]) then an error code corresponding
11784 ** to that error is returned by this function. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is
11785 ** returned. This is to allow the following pattern (pseudo-code):
11786 **
11787 ** <pre>
11788 **   sqlite3changeset_start();
11789 **   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3changeset_next() ){
11790 **     // Do something with change.
11791 **   }
11792 **   rc = sqlite3changeset_finalize();
11793 **   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
11794 **     // An error has occurred
11795 **   }
11796 ** </pre>
11797 */
11798 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_finalize(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
11799 
11800 /*
11801 ** CAPI3REF: Invert A Changeset
11802 **
11803 ** This function is used to "invert" a changeset object. Applying an inverted
11804 ** changeset to a database reverses the effects of applying the uninverted
11805 ** changeset. Specifically:
11806 **
11807 ** <ul>
11808 **   <li> Each DELETE change is changed to an INSERT, and
11809 **   <li> Each INSERT change is changed to a DELETE, and
11810 **   <li> For each UPDATE change, the old.* and new.* values are exchanged.
11811 ** </ul>
11812 **
11813 ** This function does not change the order in which changes appear within
11814 ** the changeset. It merely reverses the sense of each individual change.
11815 **
11816 ** If successful, a pointer to a buffer containing the inverted changeset
11817 ** is stored in *ppOut, the size of the same buffer is stored in *pnOut, and
11818 ** SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs, both *pnOut and *ppOut are
11819 ** zeroed and an SQLite error code returned.
11820 **
11821 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually call sqlite3_free()
11822 ** on the *ppOut pointer to free the buffer allocation following a successful
11823 ** call to this function.
11824 **
11825 ** WARNING/TODO: This function currently assumes that the input is a valid
11826 ** changeset. If it is not, the results are undefined.
11827 */
11828 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_invert(
11829   int nIn, const void *pIn,       /* Input changeset */
11830   int *pnOut, void **ppOut        /* OUT: Inverse of input */
11831 );
11832 
11833 /*
11834 ** CAPI3REF: Concatenate Two Changeset Objects
11835 **
11836 ** This function is used to concatenate two changesets, A and B, into a
11837 ** single changeset. The result is a changeset equivalent to applying
11838 ** changeset A followed by changeset B.
11839 **
11840 ** This function combines the two input changesets using an
11841 ** sqlite3_changegroup object. Calling it produces similar results as the
11842 ** following code fragment:
11843 **
11844 ** <pre>
11845 **   sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp;
11846 **   rc = sqlite3_changegroup_new(&pGrp);
11847 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nA, pA);
11848 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nB, pB);
11849 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
11850 **     rc = sqlite3changegroup_output(pGrp, pnOut, ppOut);
11851 **   }else{
11852 **     *ppOut = 0;
11853 **     *pnOut = 0;
11854 **   }
11855 ** </pre>
11856 **
11857 ** Refer to the sqlite3_changegroup documentation below for details.
11858 */
11859 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat(
11860   int nA,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pA */
11861   void *pA,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset A */
11862   int nB,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pB */
11863   void *pB,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset B */
11864   int *pnOut,                     /* OUT: Number of bytes in output changeset */
11865   void **ppOut                    /* OUT: Buffer containing output changeset */
11866 );
11867 
11868 
11869 /*
11870 ** CAPI3REF: Upgrade the Schema of a Changeset/Patchset
11871 */
11872 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_upgrade(
11873   sqlite3 *db,
11874   const char *zDb,
11875   int nIn, const void *pIn,       /* Input changeset */
11876   int *pnOut, void **ppOut        /* OUT: Inverse of input */
11877 );
11878 
11879 
11880 
11881 /*
11882 ** CAPI3REF: Changegroup Handle
11883 **
11884 ** A changegroup is an object used to combine two or more
11885 ** [changesets] or [patchsets]
11886 */
11887 typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
11888 
11889 /*
11890 ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Changegroup Object
11891 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changegroup
11892 **
11893 ** An sqlite3_changegroup object is used to combine two or more changesets
11894 ** (or patchsets) into a single changeset (or patchset). A single changegroup
11895 ** object may combine changesets or patchsets, but not both. The output is
11896 ** always in the same format as the input.
11897 **
11898 ** If successful, this function returns SQLITE_OK and populates (*pp) with
11899 ** a pointer to a new sqlite3_changegroup object before returning. The caller
11900 ** should eventually free the returned object using a call to
11901 ** sqlite3changegroup_delete(). If an error occurs, an SQLite error code
11902 ** (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned and *pp is set to NULL.
11903 **
11904 ** The usual usage pattern for an sqlite3_changegroup object is as follows:
11905 **
11906 ** <ul>
11907 **   <li> It is created using a call to sqlite3changegroup_new().
11908 **
11909 **   <li> Zero or more changesets (or patchsets) are added to the object
11910 **        by calling sqlite3changegroup_add().
11911 **
11912 **   <li> The result of combining all input changesets together is obtained
11913 **        by the application via a call to sqlite3changegroup_output().
11914 **
11915 **   <li> The object is deleted using a call to sqlite3changegroup_delete().
11916 ** </ul>
11917 **
11918 ** Any number of calls to add() and output() may be made between the calls to
11919 ** new() and delete(), and in any order.
11920 **
11921 ** As well as the regular sqlite3changegroup_add() and
11922 ** sqlite3changegroup_output() functions, also available are the streaming
11923 ** versions sqlite3changegroup_add_strm() and sqlite3changegroup_output_strm().
11924 */
11925 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
11926 
11927 /*
11928 ** CAPI3REF: Add a Schema to a Changegroup
11929 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup_schema
11930 **
11931 ** This method may be used to optionally enforce the rule that the changesets
11932 ** added to the changegroup handle must match the schema of database zDb
11933 ** ("main", "temp", or the name of an attached database). If
11934 ** sqlite3changegroup_add() is called to add a changeset that is not compatible
11935 ** with the configured schema, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned and the changegroup
11936 ** object is left in an undefined state.
11937 **
11938 ** A changeset schema is considered compatible with the database schema in
11939 ** the same way as for sqlite3changeset_apply(). Specifically, for each
11940 ** table in the changeset, there exists a database table with:
11941 **
11942 ** <ul>
11943 **   <li> The name identified by the changeset, and
11944 **   <li> at least as many columns as recorded in the changeset, and
11945 **   <li> the primary key columns in the same position as recorded in
11946 **        the changeset.
11947 ** </ul>
11948 **
11949 ** The output of the changegroup object always has the same schema as the
11950 ** database nominated using this function. In cases where changesets passed
11951 ** to sqlite3changegroup_add() have fewer columns than the corresponding table
11952 ** in the database schema, these are filled in using the default column
11953 ** values from the database schema. This makes it possible to combined
11954 ** changesets that have different numbers of columns for a single table
11955 ** within a changegroup, provided that they are otherwise compatible.
11956 */
11957 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_schema(sqlite3_changegroup*, sqlite3*, const char *zDb);
11958 
11959 /*
11960 ** CAPI3REF: Add A Changeset To A Changegroup
11961 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
11962 **
11963 ** Add all changes within the changeset (or patchset) in buffer pData (size
11964 ** nData bytes) to the changegroup.
11965 **
11966 ** If the buffer contains a patchset, then all prior calls to this function
11967 ** on the same changegroup object must also have specified patchsets. Or, if
11968 ** the buffer contains a changeset, so must have the earlier calls to this
11969 ** function. Otherwise, SQLITE_ERROR is returned and no changes are added
11970 ** to the changegroup.
11971 **
11972 ** Rows within the changeset and changegroup are identified by the values in
11973 ** their PRIMARY KEY columns. A change in the changeset is considered to
11974 ** apply to the same row as a change already present in the changegroup if
11975 ** the two rows have the same primary key.
11976 **
11977 ** Changes to rows that do not already appear in the changegroup are
11978 ** simply copied into it. Or, if both the new changeset and the changegroup
11979 ** contain changes that apply to a single row, the final contents of the
11980 ** changegroup depends on the type of each change, as follows:
11981 **
11982 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
11983 **   <tr><th style="white-space:pre">Existing Change  </th>
11984 **       <th style="white-space:pre">New Change       </th>
11985 **       <th>Output Change
11986 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>INSERT <td>
11987 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
11988 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
11989 **       added to the changegroup.
11990 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>UPDATE <td>
11991 **       The INSERT change remains in the changegroup. The values in the
11992 **       INSERT change are modified as if the row was inserted by the
11993 **       existing change and then updated according to the new change.
11994 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>DELETE <td>
11995 **       The existing INSERT is removed from the changegroup. The DELETE is
11996 **       not added.
11997 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>INSERT <td>
11998 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
11999 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
12000 **       added to the changegroup.
12001 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>UPDATE <td>
12002 **       The existing UPDATE remains within the changegroup. It is amended
12003 **       so that the accompanying values are as if the row was updated once
12004 **       by the existing change and then again by the new change.
12005 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>DELETE <td>
12006 **       The existing UPDATE is replaced by the new DELETE within the
12007 **       changegroup.
12008 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>INSERT <td>
12009 **       If one or more of the column values in the row inserted by the
12010 **       new change differ from those in the row deleted by the existing
12011 **       change, the existing DELETE is replaced by an UPDATE within the
12012 **       changegroup. Otherwise, if the inserted row is exactly the same
12013 **       as the deleted row, the existing DELETE is simply discarded.
12014 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>UPDATE <td>
12015 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
12016 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
12017 **       added to the changegroup.
12018 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>DELETE <td>
12019 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
12020 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
12021 **       added to the changegroup.
12022 ** </table>
12023 **
12024 ** If the new changeset contains changes to a table that is already present
12025 ** in the changegroup, then the number of columns and the position of the
12026 ** primary key columns for the table must be consistent. If this is not the
12027 ** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. Except, if the changegroup
12028 ** object has been configured with a database schema using the
12029 ** sqlite3changegroup_schema() API, then it is possible to combine changesets
12030 ** with different numbers of columns for a single table, provided that
12031 ** they are otherwise compatible.
12032 **
12033 ** If the input changeset appears to be corrupt and the corruption is
12034 ** detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition
12035 ** occurs during processing, this function returns SQLITE_NOMEM.
12036 **
12037 ** In all cases, if an error occurs the state of the final contents of the
12038 ** changegroup is undefined. If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
12039 */
12040 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup*, int nData, void *pData);
12041 
12042 /*
12043 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain A Composite Changeset From A Changegroup
12044 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
12045 **
12046 ** Obtain a buffer containing a changeset (or patchset) representing the
12047 ** current contents of the changegroup. If the inputs to the changegroup
12048 ** were themselves changesets, the output is a changeset. Or, if the
12049 ** inputs were patchsets, the output is also a patchset.
12050 **
12051 ** As with the output of the sqlite3session_changeset() and
12052 ** sqlite3session_patchset() functions, all changes related to a single
12053 ** table are grouped together in the output of this function. Tables appear
12054 ** in the same order as for the very first changeset added to the changegroup.
12055 ** If the second or subsequent changesets added to the changegroup contain
12056 ** changes for tables that do not appear in the first changeset, they are
12057 ** appended onto the end of the output changeset, again in the order in
12058 ** which they are first encountered.
12059 **
12060 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the output
12061 ** variables (*pnData) and (*ppData) are set to 0. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK
12062 ** is returned and the output variables are set to the size of and a
12063 ** pointer to the output buffer, respectively. In this case it is the
12064 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer using a
12065 ** call to sqlite3_free().
12066 */
12067 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output(
12068   sqlite3_changegroup*,
12069   int *pnData,                    /* OUT: Size of output buffer in bytes */
12070   void **ppData                   /* OUT: Pointer to output buffer */
12071 );
12072 
12073 /*
12074 ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Changegroup Object
12075 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changegroup
12076 */
12077 SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
12078 
12079 /*
12080 ** CAPI3REF: Apply A Changeset To A Database
12081 **
12082 ** Apply a changeset or patchset to a database. These functions attempt to
12083 ** update the "main" database attached to handle db with the changes found in
12084 ** the changeset passed via the second and third arguments.
12085 **
12086 ** The fourth argument (xFilter) passed to these functions is the "filter
12087 ** callback". If it is not NULL, then for each table affected by at least one
12088 ** change in the changeset, the filter callback is invoked with
12089 ** the table name as the second argument, and a copy of the context pointer
12090 ** passed as the sixth argument as the first. If the "filter callback"
12091 ** returns zero, then no attempt is made to apply any changes to the table.
12092 ** Otherwise, if the return value is non-zero or the xFilter argument to
12093 ** is NULL, all changes related to the table are attempted.
12094 **
12095 ** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function
12096 ** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is
12097 ** considered compatible if all of the following are true:
12098 **
12099 ** <ul>
12100 **   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the
12101 **        changeset, and
12102 **   <li> The table has at least as many columns as recorded in the
12103 **        changeset, and
12104 **   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as
12105 **        recorded in the changeset.
12106 ** </ul>
12107 **
12108 ** If there is no compatible table, it is not an error, but none of the
12109 ** changes associated with the table are applied. A warning message is issued
12110 ** via the sqlite3_log() mechanism with the error code SQLITE_SCHEMA. At most
12111 ** one such warning is issued for each table in the changeset.
12112 **
12113 ** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made
12114 ** to modify the table contents according to the UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE
12115 ** change. If a change cannot be applied cleanly, the conflict handler
12116 ** function passed as the fifth argument to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be
12117 ** invoked. A description of exactly when the conflict handler is invoked for
12118 ** each type of change is below.
12119 **
12120 ** Unlike the xFilter argument, xConflict may not be passed NULL. The results
12121 ** of passing anything other than a valid function pointer as the xConflict
12122 ** argument are undefined.
12123 **
12124 ** Each time the conflict handler function is invoked, it must return one
12125 ** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or
12126 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE]. SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE may only be returned
12127 ** if the second argument passed to the conflict handler is either
12128 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If the conflict-handler
12129 ** returns an illegal value, any changes already made are rolled back and
12130 ** the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE. Different
12131 ** actions are taken by sqlite3changeset_apply() depending on the value
12132 ** returned by each invocation of the conflict-handler function. Refer to
12133 ** the documentation for the three
12134 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT|available return values] for details.
12135 **
12136 ** <dl>
12137 ** <dt>DELETE Changes<dd>
12138 **   For each DELETE change, the function checks if the target database
12139 **   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
12140 **   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
12141 **   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in
12142 **   the changeset the row is deleted from the target database.
12143 **
12144 **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
12145 **   the non-primary key fields contains a value different from the original
12146 **   row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function is
12147 **   invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. If the
12148 **   database table has more columns than are recorded in the changeset,
12149 **   only the values of those non-primary key fields are compared against
12150 **   the current database contents - any trailing database table columns
12151 **   are ignored.
12152 **
12153 **   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
12154 **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
12155 **   passed as the second argument.
12156 **
12157 **   If the DELETE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT
12158 **   (which can only happen if a foreign key constraint is violated), the
12159 **   conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT]
12160 **   passed as the second argument. This includes the case where the DELETE
12161 **   operation is attempted because an earlier call to the conflict handler
12162 **   function returned [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
12163 **
12164 ** <dt>INSERT Changes<dd>
12165 **   For each INSERT change, an attempt is made to insert the new row into
12166 **   the database. If the changeset row contains fewer fields than the
12167 **   database table, the trailing fields are populated with their default
12168 **   values.
12169 **
12170 **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because the database already
12171 **   contains a row with the same primary key values, the conflict handler
12172 **   function is invoked with the second argument set to
12173 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT].
12174 **
12175 **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because of some other constraint
12176 **   violation (e.g. NOT NULL or UNIQUE), the conflict handler function is
12177 **   invoked with the second argument set to [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT].
12178 **   This includes the case where the INSERT operation is re-attempted because
12179 **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
12180 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
12181 **
12182 ** <dt>UPDATE Changes<dd>
12183 **   For each UPDATE change, the function checks if the target database
12184 **   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
12185 **   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
12186 **   stored in all modified non-primary key columns also match the values
12187 **   stored in the changeset the row is updated within the target database.
12188 **
12189 **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
12190 **   the modified non-primary key fields contains a value different from an
12191 **   original row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function
12192 **   is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. Since
12193 **   UPDATE changes only contain values for non-primary key fields that are
12194 **   to be modified, only those fields need to match the original values to
12195 **   avoid the SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict-handler callback.
12196 **
12197 **   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
12198 **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
12199 **   passed as the second argument.
12200 **
12201 **   If the UPDATE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns
12202 **   SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the conflict-handler function is invoked with
12203 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT] passed as the second argument.
12204 **   This includes the case where the UPDATE operation is attempted after
12205 **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
12206 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
12207 ** </dl>
12208 **
12209 ** It is safe to execute SQL statements, including those that write to the
12210 ** table that the callback related to, from within the xConflict callback.
12211 ** This can be used to further customize the application's conflict
12212 ** resolution strategy.
12213 **
12214 ** All changes made by these functions are enclosed in a savepoint transaction.
12215 ** If any other error (aside from a constraint failure when attempting to
12216 ** write to the target database) occurs, then the savepoint transaction is
12217 ** rolled back, restoring the target database to its original state, and an
12218 ** SQLite error code returned.
12219 **
12220 ** If the output parameters (ppRebase) and (pnRebase) are non-NULL and
12221 ** the input is a changeset (not a patchset), then sqlite3changeset_apply_v2()
12222 ** may set (*ppRebase) to point to a "rebase" that may be used with the
12223 ** sqlite3_rebaser APIs buffer before returning. In this case (*pnRebase)
12224 ** is set to the size of the buffer in bytes. It is the responsibility of the
12225 ** caller to eventually free any such buffer using sqlite3_free(). The buffer
12226 ** is only allocated and populated if one or more conflicts were encountered
12227 ** while applying the patchset. See comments surrounding the sqlite3_rebaser
12228 ** APIs for further details.
12229 **
12230 ** The behavior of sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() and its streaming equivalent
12231 ** may be modified by passing a combination of
12232 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT | supported flags] as the 9th parameter.
12233 **
12234 ** Note that the sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() API is still <b>experimental</b>
12235 ** and therefore subject to change.
12236 */
12237 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply(
12238   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
12239   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
12240   void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
12241   int(*xFilter)(
12242     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12243     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
12244   ),
12245   int(*xConflict)(
12246     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12247     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
12248     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
12249   ),
12250   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
12251 );
12252 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
12253   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
12254   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
12255   void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
12256   int(*xFilter)(
12257     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12258     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
12259   ),
12260   int(*xConflict)(
12261     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12262     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
12263     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
12264   ),
12265   void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
12266   void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase, /* OUT: Rebase data */
12267   int flags                       /* SESSION_CHANGESETAPPLY_* flags */
12268 );
12269 
12270 /*
12271 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3changeset_apply_v2
12272 **
12273 ** The following flags may passed via the 9th parameter to
12274 ** [sqlite3changeset_apply_v2] and [sqlite3changeset_apply_v2_strm]:
12275 **
12276 ** <dl>
12277 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT <dd>
12278 **   Usually, the sessions module encloses all operations performed by
12279 **   a single call to apply_v2() or apply_v2_strm() in a [SAVEPOINT]. The
12280 **   SAVEPOINT is committed if the changeset or patchset is successfully
12281 **   applied, or rolled back if an error occurs. Specifying this flag
12282 **   causes the sessions module to omit this savepoint. In this case, if the
12283 **   caller has an open transaction or savepoint when apply_v2() is called,
12284 **   it may revert the partially applied changeset by rolling it back.
12285 **
12286 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT <dd>
12287 **   Invert the changeset before applying it. This is equivalent to inverting
12288 **   a changeset using sqlite3changeset_invert() before applying it. It is
12289 **   an error to specify this flag with a patchset.
12290 **
12291 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_IGNORENOOP <dd>
12292 **   Do not invoke the conflict handler callback for any changes that
12293 **   would not actually modify the database even if they were applied.
12294 **   Specifically, this means that the conflict handler is not invoked
12295 **   for:
12296 **    <ul>
12297 **    <li>a delete change if the row being deleted cannot be found,
12298 **    <li>an update change if the modified fields are already set to
12299 **        their new values in the conflicting row, or
12300 **    <li>an insert change if all fields of the conflicting row match
12301 **        the row being inserted.
12302 **    </ul>
12303 **
12304 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION <dd>
12305 **   If this flag it set, then all foreign key constraints in the target
12306 **   database behave as if they were declared with "ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON
12307 **   DELETE NO ACTION", even if they are actually CASCADE, RESTRICT, SET NULL
12308 **   or SET DEFAULT.
12309 */
12310 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT   0x0001
12311 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT        0x0002
12312 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_IGNORENOOP    0x0004
12313 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION    0x0008
12314 
12315 /*
12316 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Passed To The Conflict Handler
12317 **
12318 ** Values that may be passed as the second argument to a conflict-handler.
12319 **
12320 ** <dl>
12321 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA<dd>
12322 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_DATA as the second argument
12323 **   when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the required
12324 **   PRIMARY KEY fields is present in the database, but one or more other
12325 **   (non primary-key) fields modified by the update do not contain the
12326 **   expected "before" values.
12327 **
12328 **   The conflicting row, in this case, is the database row with the matching
12329 **   primary key.
12330 **
12331 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND<dd>
12332 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_NOTFOUND as the second
12333 **   argument when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the
12334 **   required PRIMARY KEY fields is not present in the database.
12335 **
12336 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
12337 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
12338 **
12339 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT<dd>
12340 **   CHANGESET_CONFLICT is passed as the second argument to the conflict
12341 **   handler while processing an INSERT change if the operation would result
12342 **   in duplicate primary key values.
12343 **
12344 **   The conflicting row in this case is the database row with the matching
12345 **   primary key.
12346 **
12347 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY<dd>
12348 **   If foreign key handling is enabled, and applying a changeset leaves the
12349 **   database in a state containing foreign key violations, the conflict
12350 **   handler is invoked with CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY as the second argument
12351 **   exactly once before the changeset is committed. If the conflict handler
12352 **   returns CHANGESET_OMIT, the changes, including those that caused the
12353 **   foreign key constraint violation, are committed. Or, if it returns
12354 **   CHANGESET_ABORT, the changeset is rolled back.
12355 **
12356 **   No current or conflicting row information is provided. The only function
12357 **   it is possible to call on the supplied sqlite3_changeset_iter handle
12358 **   is sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts().
12359 **
12360 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT<dd>
12361 **   If any other constraint violation occurs while applying a change (i.e.
12362 **   a UNIQUE, CHECK or NOT NULL constraint), the conflict handler is
12363 **   invoked with CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT as the second argument.
12364 **
12365 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
12366 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
12367 **
12368 ** </dl>
12369 */
12370 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA        1
12371 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND    2
12372 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT    3
12373 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT  4
12374 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY 5
12375 
12376 /*
12377 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Returned By The Conflict Handler
12378 **
12379 ** A conflict handler callback must return one of the following three values.
12380 **
12381 ** <dl>
12382 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT<dd>
12383 **   If a conflict handler returns this value no special action is taken. The
12384 **   change that caused the conflict is not applied. The session module
12385 **   continues to the next change in the changeset.
12386 **
12387 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE<dd>
12388 **   This value may only be returned if the second argument to the conflict
12389 **   handler was SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If this
12390 **   is not the case, any changes applied so far are rolled back and the
12391 **   call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
12392 **
12393 **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict
12394 **   handler, then the conflicting row is either updated or deleted, depending
12395 **   on the type of change.
12396 **
12397 **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT conflict
12398 **   handler, then the conflicting row is removed from the database and a
12399 **   second attempt to apply the change is made. If this second attempt fails,
12400 **   the original row is restored to the database before continuing.
12401 **
12402 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT<dd>
12403 **   If this value is returned, any changes applied so far are rolled back
12404 **   and the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_ABORT.
12405 ** </dl>
12406 */
12407 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT       0
12408 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE    1
12409 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT      2
12410 
12411 /*
12412 ** CAPI3REF: Rebasing changesets
12413 ** EXPERIMENTAL
12414 **
12415 ** Suppose there is a site hosting a database in state S0. And that
12416 ** modifications are made that move that database to state S1 and a
12417 ** changeset recorded (the "local" changeset). Then, a changeset based
12418 ** on S0 is received from another site (the "remote" changeset) and
12419 ** applied to the database. The database is then in state
12420 ** (S1+"remote"), where the exact state depends on any conflict
12421 ** resolution decisions (OMIT or REPLACE) made while applying "remote".
12422 ** Rebasing a changeset is to update it to take those conflict
12423 ** resolution decisions into account, so that the same conflicts
12424 ** do not have to be resolved elsewhere in the network.
12425 **
12426 ** For example, if both the local and remote changesets contain an
12427 ** INSERT of the same key on "CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b)":
12428 **
12429 **   local:  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'v1');
12430 **   remote: INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'v2');
12431 **
12432 ** and the conflict resolution is REPLACE, then the INSERT change is
12433 ** removed from the local changeset (it was overridden). Or, if the
12434 ** conflict resolution was "OMIT", then the local changeset is modified
12435 ** to instead contain:
12436 **
12437 **           UPDATE t1 SET b = 'v2' WHERE a=1;
12438 **
12439 ** Changes within the local changeset are rebased as follows:
12440 **
12441 ** <dl>
12442 ** <dt>Local INSERT<dd>
12443 **   This may only conflict with a remote INSERT. If the conflict
12444 **   resolution was OMIT, then add an UPDATE change to the rebased
12445 **   changeset. Or, if the conflict resolution was REPLACE, add
12446 **   nothing to the rebased changeset.
12447 **
12448 ** <dt>Local DELETE<dd>
12449 **   This may conflict with a remote UPDATE or DELETE. In both cases the
12450 **   only possible resolution is OMIT. If the remote operation was a
12451 **   DELETE, then add no change to the rebased changeset. If the remote
12452 **   operation was an UPDATE, then the old.* fields of change are updated
12453 **   to reflect the new.* values in the UPDATE.
12454 **
12455 ** <dt>Local UPDATE<dd>
12456 **   This may conflict with a remote UPDATE or DELETE. If it conflicts
12457 **   with a DELETE, and the conflict resolution was OMIT, then the update
12458 **   is changed into an INSERT. Any undefined values in the new.* record
12459 **   from the update change are filled in using the old.* values from
12460 **   the conflicting DELETE. Or, if the conflict resolution was REPLACE,
12461 **   the UPDATE change is simply omitted from the rebased changeset.
12462 **
12463 **   If conflict is with a remote UPDATE and the resolution is OMIT, then
12464 **   the old.* values are rebased using the new.* values in the remote
12465 **   change. Or, if the resolution is REPLACE, then the change is copied
12466 **   into the rebased changeset with updates to columns also updated by
12467 **   the conflicting remote UPDATE removed. If this means no columns would
12468 **   be updated, the change is omitted.
12469 ** </dl>
12470 **
12471 ** A local change may be rebased against multiple remote changes
12472 ** simultaneously. If a single key is modified by multiple remote
12473 ** changesets, they are combined as follows before the local changeset
12474 ** is rebased:
12475 **
12476 ** <ul>
12477 **    <li> If there has been one or more REPLACE resolutions on a
12478 **         key, it is rebased according to a REPLACE.
12479 **
12480 **    <li> If there have been no REPLACE resolutions on a key, then
12481 **         the local changeset is rebased according to the most recent
12482 **         of the OMIT resolutions.
12483 ** </ul>
12484 **
12485 ** Note that conflict resolutions from multiple remote changesets are
12486 ** combined on a per-field basis, not per-row. This means that in the
12487 ** case of multiple remote UPDATE operations, some fields of a single
12488 ** local change may be rebased for REPLACE while others are rebased for
12489 ** OMIT.
12490 **
12491 ** In order to rebase a local changeset, the remote changeset must first
12492 ** be applied to the local database using sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() and
12493 ** the buffer of rebase information captured. Then:
12494 **
12495 ** <ol>
12496 **   <li> An sqlite3_rebaser object is created by calling
12497 **        sqlite3rebaser_create().
12498 **   <li> The new object is configured with the rebase buffer obtained from
12499 **        sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() by calling sqlite3rebaser_configure().
12500 **        If the local changeset is to be rebased against multiple remote
12501 **        changesets, then sqlite3rebaser_configure() should be called
12502 **        multiple times, in the same order that the multiple
12503 **        sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() calls were made.
12504 **   <li> Each local changeset is rebased by calling sqlite3rebaser_rebase().
12505 **   <li> The sqlite3_rebaser object is deleted by calling
12506 **        sqlite3rebaser_delete().
12507 ** </ol>
12508 */
12509 typedef struct sqlite3_rebaser sqlite3_rebaser;
12510 
12511 /*
12512 ** CAPI3REF: Create a changeset rebaser object.
12513 ** EXPERIMENTAL
12514 **
12515 ** Allocate a new changeset rebaser object. If successful, set (*ppNew) to
12516 ** point to the new object and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, if an error
12517 ** occurs, return an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) and set (*ppNew)
12518 ** to NULL.
12519 */
12520 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_create(sqlite3_rebaser **ppNew);
12521 
12522 /*
12523 ** CAPI3REF: Configure a changeset rebaser object.
12524 ** EXPERIMENTAL
12525 **
12526 ** Configure the changeset rebaser object to rebase changesets according
12527 ** to the conflict resolutions described by buffer pRebase (size nRebase
12528 ** bytes), which must have been obtained from a previous call to
12529 ** sqlite3changeset_apply_v2().
12530 */
12531 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_configure(
12532   sqlite3_rebaser*,
12533   int nRebase, const void *pRebase
12534 );
12535 
12536 /*
12537 ** CAPI3REF: Rebase a changeset
12538 ** EXPERIMENTAL
12539 **
12540 ** Argument pIn must point to a buffer containing a changeset nIn bytes
12541 ** in size. This function allocates and populates a buffer with a copy
12542 ** of the changeset rebased according to the configuration of the
12543 ** rebaser object passed as the first argument. If successful, (*ppOut)
12544 ** is set to point to the new buffer containing the rebased changeset and
12545 ** (*pnOut) to its size in bytes and SQLITE_OK returned. It is the
12546 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the new buffer using
12547 ** sqlite3_free(). Otherwise, if an error occurs, (*ppOut) and (*pnOut)
12548 ** are set to zero and an SQLite error code returned.
12549 */
12550 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase(
12551   sqlite3_rebaser*,
12552   int nIn, const void *pIn,
12553   int *pnOut, void **ppOut
12554 );
12555 
12556 /*
12557 ** CAPI3REF: Delete a changeset rebaser object.
12558 ** EXPERIMENTAL
12559 **
12560 ** Delete the changeset rebaser object and all associated resources. There
12561 ** should be one call to this function for each successful invocation
12562 ** of sqlite3rebaser_create().
12563 */
12564 SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p);
12565 
12566 /*
12567 ** CAPI3REF: Streaming Versions of API functions.
12568 **
12569 ** The six streaming API xxx_strm() functions serve similar purposes to the
12570 ** corresponding non-streaming API functions:
12571 **
12572 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
12573 **   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
12574 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply]
12575 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm_v2<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply_v2]
12576 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat]
12577 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert]
12578 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_start]
12579 **   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_changeset]
12580 **   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_patchset]
12581 ** </table>
12582 **
12583 ** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
12584 ** require that the entire changeset be stored in a single buffer in memory.
12585 ** Similarly, those that return a changeset or patchset do so by returning
12586 ** a pointer to a single large buffer allocated using sqlite3_malloc().
12587 ** Normally this is convenient. However, if an application running in a
12588 ** low-memory environment is required to handle very large changesets, the
12589 ** large contiguous memory allocations required can become onerous.
12590 **
12591 ** In order to avoid this problem, instead of a single large buffer, input
12592 ** is passed to a streaming API functions by way of a callback function that
12593 ** the sessions module invokes to incrementally request input data as it is
12594 ** required. In all cases, a pair of API function parameters such as
12595 **
12596 **  <pre>
12597 **  &nbsp;     int nChangeset,
12598 **  &nbsp;     void *pChangeset,
12599 **  </pre>
12600 **
12601 ** Is replaced by:
12602 **
12603 **  <pre>
12604 **  &nbsp;     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12605 **  &nbsp;     void *pIn,
12606 **  </pre>
12607 **
12608 ** Each time the xInput callback is invoked by the sessions module, the first
12609 ** argument passed is a copy of the supplied pIn context pointer. The second
12610 ** argument, pData, points to a buffer (*pnData) bytes in size. Assuming no
12611 ** error occurs the xInput method should copy up to (*pnData) bytes of data
12612 ** into the buffer and set (*pnData) to the actual number of bytes copied
12613 ** before returning SQLITE_OK. If the input is completely exhausted, (*pnData)
12614 ** should be set to zero to indicate this. Or, if an error occurs, an SQLite
12615 ** error code should be returned. In all cases, if an xInput callback returns
12616 ** an error, all processing is abandoned and the streaming API function
12617 ** returns a copy of the error code to the caller.
12618 **
12619 ** In the case of sqlite3changeset_start_strm(), the xInput callback may be
12620 ** invoked by the sessions module at any point during the lifetime of the
12621 ** iterator. If such an xInput callback returns an error, the iterator enters
12622 ** an error state, whereby all subsequent calls to iterator functions
12623 ** immediately fail with the same error code as returned by xInput.
12624 **
12625 ** Similarly, streaming API functions that return changesets (or patchsets)
12626 ** return them in chunks by way of a callback function instead of via a
12627 ** pointer to a single large buffer. In this case, a pair of parameters such
12628 ** as:
12629 **
12630 **  <pre>
12631 **  &nbsp;     int *pnChangeset,
12632 **  &nbsp;     void **ppChangeset,
12633 **  </pre>
12634 **
12635 ** Is replaced by:
12636 **
12637 **  <pre>
12638 **  &nbsp;     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
12639 **  &nbsp;     void *pOut
12640 **  </pre>
12641 **
12642 ** The xOutput callback is invoked zero or more times to return data to
12643 ** the application. The first parameter passed to each call is a copy of the
12644 ** pOut pointer supplied by the application. The second parameter, pData,
12645 ** points to a buffer nData bytes in size containing the chunk of output
12646 ** data being returned. If the xOutput callback successfully processes the
12647 ** supplied data, it should return SQLITE_OK to indicate success. Otherwise,
12648 ** it should return some other SQLite error code. In this case processing
12649 ** is immediately abandoned and the streaming API function returns a copy
12650 ** of the xOutput error code to the application.
12651 **
12652 ** The sessions module never invokes an xOutput callback with the third
12653 ** parameter set to a value less than or equal to zero. Other than this,
12654 ** no guarantees are made as to the size of the chunks of data returned.
12655 */
12656 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_strm(
12657   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
12658   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
12659   void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
12660   int(*xFilter)(
12661     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12662     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
12663   ),
12664   int(*xConflict)(
12665     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12666     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
12667     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
12668   ),
12669   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
12670 );
12671 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2_strm(
12672   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
12673   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
12674   void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
12675   int(*xFilter)(
12676     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12677     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
12678   ),
12679   int(*xConflict)(
12680     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12681     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
12682     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
12683   ),
12684   void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
12685   void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase,
12686   int flags
12687 );
12688 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat_strm(
12689   int (*xInputA)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12690   void *pInA,
12691   int (*xInputB)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12692   void *pInB,
12693   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
12694   void *pOut
12695 );
12696 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_invert_strm(
12697   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12698   void *pIn,
12699   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
12700   void *pOut
12701 );
12702 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_strm(
12703   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
12704   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12705   void *pIn
12706 );
12707 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_v2_strm(
12708   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
12709   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12710   void *pIn,
12711   int flags
12712 );
12713 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset_strm(
12714   sqlite3_session *pSession,
12715   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
12716   void *pOut
12717 );
12718 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset_strm(
12719   sqlite3_session *pSession,
12720   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
12721   void *pOut
12722 );
12723 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
12724     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12725     void *pIn
12726 );
12727 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
12728     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
12729     void *pOut
12730 );
12731 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
12732   sqlite3_rebaser *pRebaser,
12733   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12734   void *pIn,
12735   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
12736   void *pOut
12737 );
12738 
12739 /*
12740 ** CAPI3REF: Configure global parameters
12741 **
12742 ** The sqlite3session_config() interface is used to make global configuration
12743 ** changes to the sessions module in order to tune it to the specific needs
12744 ** of the application.
12745 **
12746 ** The sqlite3session_config() interface is not threadsafe. If it is invoked
12747 ** while any other thread is inside any other sessions method then the
12748 ** results are undefined. Furthermore, if it is invoked after any sessions
12749 ** related objects have been created, the results are also undefined.
12750 **
12751 ** The first argument to the sqlite3session_config() function must be one
12752 ** of the SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_XXX constants defined below. The
12753 ** interpretation of the (void*) value passed as the second parameter and
12754 ** the effect of calling this function depends on the value of the first
12755 ** parameter.
12756 **
12757 ** <dl>
12758 ** <dt>SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_STRMSIZE<dd>
12759 **    By default, the sessions module streaming interfaces attempt to input
12760 **    and output data in approximately 1 KiB chunks. This operand may be used
12761 **    to set and query the value of this configuration setting. The pointer
12762 **    passed as the second argument must point to a value of type (int).
12763 **    If this value is greater than 0, it is used as the new streaming data
12764 **    chunk size for both input and output. Before returning, the (int) value
12765 **    pointed to by pArg is set to the final value of the streaming interface
12766 **    chunk size.
12767 ** </dl>
12768 **
12769 ** This function returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code
12770 ** otherwise.
12771 */
12772 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_config(int op, void *pArg);
12773 
12774 /*
12775 ** CAPI3REF: Values for sqlite3session_config().
12776 */
12777 #define SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_STRMSIZE 1
12778 
12779 /*
12780 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
12781 */
12782 #ifdef __cplusplus
12783 }
12784 #endif
12785 
12786 #endif  /* !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION) */
12787 
12788 /******** End of sqlite3session.h *********/
12789 /******** Begin file fts5.h *********/
12790 /*
12791 ** 2014 May 31
12792 **
12793 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
12794 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
12795 **
12796 **    May you do good and not evil.
12797 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
12798 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
12799 **
12800 ******************************************************************************
12801 **
12802 ** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file,
12803 ** FTS5 may be extended with:
12804 **
12805 **     * custom tokenizers, and
12806 **     * custom auxiliary functions.
12807 */
12808 
12809 
12810 #ifndef _FTS5_H
12811 #define _FTS5_H
12812 
12813 
12814 #ifdef __cplusplus
12815 extern "C" {
12816 #endif
12817 
12818 /*************************************************************************
12819 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
12820 **
12821 ** Virtual table implementations may overload SQL functions by implementing
12822 ** the sqlite3_module.xFindFunction() method.
12823 */
12824 
12825 typedef struct Fts5ExtensionApi Fts5ExtensionApi;
12826 typedef struct Fts5Context Fts5Context;
12827 typedef struct Fts5PhraseIter Fts5PhraseIter;
12828 
12829 typedef void (*fts5_extension_function)(
12830   const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi,   /* API offered by current FTS version */
12831   Fts5Context *pFts,              /* First arg to pass to pApi functions */
12832   sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context for returning result/error */
12833   int nVal,                       /* Number of values in apVal[] array */
12834   sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of trailing arguments */
12835 );
12836 
12837 struct Fts5PhraseIter {
12838   const unsigned char *a;
12839   const unsigned char *b;
12840 };
12841 
12842 /*
12843 ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
12844 **
12845 ** xUserData(pFts):
12846 **   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was
12847 **   registered with.
12848 **
12849 ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
12850 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
12851 **   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is
12852 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return
12853 **   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in
12854 **   the FTS5 table.
12855 **
12856 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
12857 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
12858 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
12859 **   returned.
12860 **
12861 ** xColumnCount(pFts):
12862 **   Return the number of columns in the table.
12863 **
12864 ** xColumnSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
12865 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
12866 **   to the total number of tokens in the current row. Or, if iCol is
12867 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, set
12868 **   *pnToken to the number of tokens in column iCol of the current row.
12869 **
12870 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
12871 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
12872 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
12873 **   returned.
12874 **
12875 **   This function may be quite inefficient if used with an FTS5 table
12876 **   created with the "columnsize=0" option.
12877 **
12878 ** xColumnText:
12879 **   This function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of the
12880 **   current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
12881 **   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes
12882 **   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
12883 **   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values
12884 **   of (*pz) and (*pn) are undefined.
12885 **
12886 ** xPhraseCount:
12887 **   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.
12888 **
12889 ** xPhraseSize:
12890 **   Returns the number of tokens in phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases
12891 **   are numbered starting from zero.
12892 **
12893 ** xInstCount:
12894 **   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within
12895 **   the query within the current row. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or
12896 **   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
12897 **
12898 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
12899 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
12900 **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
12901 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always returns 0.
12902 **
12903 ** xInst:
12904 **   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.
12905 **   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument
12906 **   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value
12907 **   output by xInstCount().
12908 **
12909 **   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
12910 **   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
12911 **   first token of the phrase. Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error
12912 **   code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
12913 **
12914 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
12915 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
12916 **
12917 ** xRowid:
12918 **   Returns the rowid of the current row.
12919 **
12920 ** xTokenize:
12921 **   Tokenize text using the tokenizer belonging to the FTS5 table.
12922 **
12923 ** xQueryPhrase(pFts5, iPhrase, pUserData, xCallback):
12924 **   This API function is used to query the FTS table for phrase iPhrase
12925 **   of the current query. Specifically, a query equivalent to:
12926 **
12927 **       ... FROM ftstable WHERE ftstable MATCH $p ORDER BY rowid
12928 **
12929 **   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the
12930 **   current query is executed. Any column filter that applies to
12931 **   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each
12932 **   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument
12933 **   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback
12934 **   function may be used to access the properties of each matched row.
12935 **   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as
12936 **   the third argument to pUserData.
12937 **
12938 **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
12939 **   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.
12940 **   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.
12941 **   Otherwise, the error code is propagated upwards.
12942 **
12943 **   If the query runs to completion without incident, SQLITE_OK is returned.
12944 **   Or, if some error occurs before the query completes or is aborted by
12945 **   the callback, an SQLite error code is returned.
12946 **
12947 **
12948 ** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)
12949 **
12950 **   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension function's
12951 **   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any
12952 **   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of
12953 **   the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
12954 **
12955 **   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for
12956 **   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked
12957 **   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a
12958 **   single auxiliary data context.
12959 **
12960 **   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is
12961 **   invoked, then it is replaced by the new pointer. If an xDelete callback
12962 **   was specified along with the original pointer, it is invoked at this
12963 **   point.
12964 **
12965 **   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the
12966 **   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.
12967 **
12968 **   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function,
12969 **   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the
12970 **   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data
12971 **   pointer before returning.
12972 **
12973 **
12974 ** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)
12975 **
12976 **   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension
12977 **   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.
12978 **
12979 **   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared
12980 **   (set to NULL) before this function returns. In this case the xDelete,
12981 **   if any, is not invoked.
12982 **
12983 **
12984 ** xRowCount(pFts5, pnRow)
12985 **
12986 **   This function is used to retrieve the total number of rows in the table.
12987 **   In other words, the same value that would be returned by:
12988 **
12989 **        SELECT count(*) FROM ftstable;
12990 **
12991 ** xPhraseFirst()
12992 **   This function is used, along with type Fts5PhraseIter and the xPhraseNext
12993 **   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within
12994 **   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the
12995 **   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient
12996 **   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate
12997 **   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:
12998 **
12999 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
13000 **       int iCol, iOff;
13001 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirst(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol, &iOff);
13002 **           iCol>=0;
13003 **           pApi->xPhraseNext(pFts, &iter, &iCol, &iOff)
13004 **       ){
13005 **         // An instance of phrase iPhrase at offset iOff of column iCol
13006 **       }
13007 **
13008 **   The Fts5PhraseIter structure is defined above. Applications should not
13009 **   modify this structure directly - it should only be used as shown above
13010 **   with the xPhraseFirst() and xPhraseNext() API methods (and by
13011 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() and xPhraseNextColumn() as illustrated below).
13012 **
13013 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
13014 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
13015 **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
13016 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always iterates
13017 **   through an empty set (all calls to xPhraseFirst() set iCol to -1).
13018 **
13019 ** xPhraseNext()
13020 **   See xPhraseFirst above.
13021 **
13022 ** xPhraseFirstColumn()
13023 **   This function and xPhraseNextColumn() are similar to the xPhraseFirst()
13024 **   and xPhraseNext() APIs described above. The difference is that instead
13025 **   of iterating through all instances of a phrase in the current row, these
13026 **   APIs are used to iterate through the set of columns in the current row
13027 **   that contain one or more instances of a specified phrase. For example:
13028 **
13029 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
13030 **       int iCol;
13031 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirstColumn(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol);
13032 **           iCol>=0;
13033 **           pApi->xPhraseNextColumn(pFts, &iter, &iCol)
13034 **       ){
13035 **         // Column iCol contains at least one instance of phrase iPhrase
13036 **       }
13037 **
13038 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
13039 **   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either
13040 **   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table),
13041 **   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to
13042 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() set iCol to -1).
13043 **
13044 **   The information accessed using this API and its companion
13045 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() may also be obtained using xPhraseFirst/xPhraseNext
13046 **   (or xInst/xInstCount). The chief advantage of this API is that it is
13047 **   significantly more efficient than those alternatives when used with
13048 **   "detail=column" tables.
13049 **
13050 ** xPhraseNextColumn()
13051 **   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
13052 */
13053 struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
13054   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 2 */
13055 
13056   void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);
13057 
13058   int (*xColumnCount)(Fts5Context*);
13059   int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);
13060   int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);
13061 
13062   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*,
13063     const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */
13064     void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */
13065     int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
13066   );
13067 
13068   int (*xPhraseCount)(Fts5Context*);
13069   int (*xPhraseSize)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase);
13070 
13071   int (*xInstCount)(Fts5Context*, int *pnInst);
13072   int (*xInst)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int *piPhrase, int *piCol, int *piOff);
13073 
13074   sqlite3_int64 (*xRowid)(Fts5Context*);
13075   int (*xColumnText)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, const char **pz, int *pn);
13076   int (*xColumnSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, int *pnToken);
13077 
13078   int (*xQueryPhrase)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, void *pUserData,
13079     int(*)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*,Fts5Context*,void*)
13080   );
13081   int (*xSetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, void *pAux, void(*xDelete)(void*));
13082   void *(*xGetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, int bClear);
13083 
13084   int (*xPhraseFirst)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*, int*);
13085   void (*xPhraseNext)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol, int *piOff);
13086 
13087   int (*xPhraseFirstColumn)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*);
13088   void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
13089 };
13090 
13091 /*
13092 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
13093 *************************************************************************/
13094 
13095 /*************************************************************************
13096 ** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
13097 **
13098 ** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer
13099 ** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the
13100 ** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting
13101 ** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined
13102 ** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:
13103 **
13104 ** xCreate:
13105 **   This function is used to allocate and initialize a tokenizer instance.
13106 **   A tokenizer instance is required to actually tokenize text.
13107 **
13108 **   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)
13109 **   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer object
13110 **   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()).
13111 **   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings
13112 **   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the
13113 **   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used
13114 **   to create the FTS5 table.
13115 **
13116 **   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut)
13117 **   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK
13118 **   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should
13119 **   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut
13120 **   is undefined.
13121 **
13122 ** xDelete:
13123 **   This function is invoked to delete a tokenizer handle previously
13124 **   allocated using xCreate(). Fts5 guarantees that this function will
13125 **   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
13126 **
13127 ** xTokenize:
13128 **   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated
13129 **   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first
13130 **   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object
13131 **   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().
13132 **
13133 **   The second argument indicates the reason that FTS5 is requesting
13134 **   tokenization of the supplied text. This is always one of the following
13135 **   four values:
13136 **
13137 **   <ul><li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT</b> - A document is being inserted into
13138 **            or removed from the FTS table. The tokenizer is being invoked to
13139 **            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the
13140 **            FTS index.
13141 **
13142 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed
13143 **            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize
13144 **            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.
13145 **
13146 **       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as
13147 **            FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY, except that the bareword or quoted string is
13148 **            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token
13149 **            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.
13150 **
13151 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to
13152 **            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary
13153 **            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same
13154 **            on a columnsize=0 database.
13155 **   </ul>
13156 **
13157 **   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must
13158 **   be invoked. The first argument to it should be a copy of the pointer
13159 **   passed as the second argument to xTokenize(). The third and fourth
13160 **   arguments are a pointer to a buffer containing the token text, and the
13161 **   size of the token in bytes. The 4th and 5th arguments are the byte offsets
13162 **   of the first byte of and first byte immediately following the text from
13163 **   which the token is derived within the input.
13164 **
13165 **   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should
13166 **   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports
13167 **   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.
13168 **
13169 **   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the
13170 **   order that they occur within the input text.
13171 **
13172 **   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then
13173 **   the tokenization should be abandoned and the xTokenize() method should
13174 **   immediately return a copy of the xToken() return value. Or, if the
13175 **   input buffer is exhausted, xTokenize() should return SQLITE_OK. Finally,
13176 **   if an error occurs with the xTokenize() implementation itself, it
13177 **   may abandon the tokenization and return any error code other than
13178 **   SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_DONE.
13179 **
13180 ** SYNONYM SUPPORT
13181 **
13182 **   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a
13183 **   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the
13184 **   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances
13185 **   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms
13186 **   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match
13187 **   all instances of "first place" or "1st place" regardless of which form
13188 **   the user specified in the MATCH query text.
13189 **
13190 **   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:
13191 **
13192 **   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, using
13193 **            the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
13194 **            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in
13195 **            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won
13196 **            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",
13197 **            "first" and "place". If the user then queries for '1st + place',
13198 **            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works
13199 **            as expected.
13200 **
13201 **       <li> By querying the index for all synonyms of each query term
13202 **            separately. In this case, when tokenizing query text, the
13203 **            tokenizer may provide multiple synonyms for a single term
13204 **            within the document. FTS5 then queries the index for each
13205 **            synonym individually. For example, faced with the query:
13206 **
13207 **   <codeblock>
13208 **     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>
13209 **
13210 **            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the
13211 **            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query
13212 **            similar to:
13213 **
13214 **   <codeblock>
13215 **     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>
13216 **
13217 **            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query
13218 **            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)"
13219 **            being treated as a single phrase.
13220 **
13221 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
13222 **            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer
13223 **            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a
13224 **            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are
13225 **            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and
13226 **            "place".
13227 **
13228 **            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms
13229 **            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do so would be
13230 **            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for
13231 **            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entries in the
13232 **            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.
13233 **   </ol>
13234 **
13235 **   Whether it is parsing document or query text, any call to xToken that
13236 **   specifies a <i>tflags</i> argument with the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED bit
13237 **   is considered to supply a synonym for the previous token. For example,
13238 **   when parsing the document "I won first place", a tokenizer that supports
13239 **   synonyms would call xToken() 5 times, as follows:
13240 **
13241 **   <codeblock>
13242 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "i",                      1,  0,  1);
13243 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "won",                    3,  2,  5);
13244 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "first",                  5,  6, 11);
13245 **       xToken(pCtx, FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED, "1st", 3,  6, 11);
13246 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "place",                  5, 12, 17);
13247 **</codeblock>
13248 **
13249 **   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time
13250 **   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token
13251 **   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence.
13252 **   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a
13253 **   single token.
13254 **
13255 **   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add
13256 **   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,
13257 **   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it
13258 **   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the
13259 **   token "first" is substituted for "1st" by the tokenizer, then the query:
13260 **
13261 **   <codeblock>
13262 **     ... MATCH '1s*'</codeblock>
13263 **
13264 **   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer
13265 **   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").
13266 **
13267 **   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case,
13268 **   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix
13269 **   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because
13270 **   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space
13271 **   within the database.
13272 **
13273 **   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,
13274 **   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal
13275 **   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to
13276 **   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'
13277 **   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require
13278 **   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index.
13279 **   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,
13280 **   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.
13281 **
13282 **   When using methods (2) or (3), it is important that the tokenizer only
13283 **   provide synonyms when tokenizing document text (method (3)) or query
13284 **   text (method (2)), not both. Doing so will not cause any errors, but is
13285 **   inefficient.
13286 */
13287 typedef struct Fts5Tokenizer Fts5Tokenizer;
13288 typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;
13289 struct fts5_tokenizer {
13290   int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
13291   void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
13292   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*,
13293       void *pCtx,
13294       int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
13295       const char *pText, int nText,
13296       int (*xToken)(
13297         void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
13298         int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
13299         const char *pToken, /* Pointer to buffer containing token */
13300         int nToken,         /* Size of token in bytes */
13301         int iStart,         /* Byte offset of token within input text */
13302         int iEnd            /* Byte offset of end of token within input text */
13303       )
13304   );
13305 };
13306 
13307 /* Flags that may be passed as the third argument to xTokenize() */
13308 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY     0x0001
13309 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX    0x0002
13310 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT  0x0004
13311 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX       0x0008
13312 
13313 /* Flags that may be passed by the tokenizer implementation back to FTS5
13314 ** as the third argument to the supplied xToken callback. */
13315 #define FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED    0x0001      /* Same position as prev. token */
13316 
13317 /*
13318 ** END OF CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
13319 *************************************************************************/
13320 
13321 /*************************************************************************
13322 ** FTS5 EXTENSION REGISTRATION API
13323 */
13324 typedef struct fts5_api fts5_api;
13325 struct fts5_api {
13326   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 2 */
13327 
13328   /* Create a new tokenizer */
13329   int (*xCreateTokenizer)(
13330     fts5_api *pApi,
13331     const char *zName,
13332     void *pUserData,
13333     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer,
13334     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
13335   );
13336 
13337   /* Find an existing tokenizer */
13338   int (*xFindTokenizer)(
13339     fts5_api *pApi,
13340     const char *zName,
13341     void **ppUserData,
13342     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer
13343   );
13344 
13345   /* Create a new auxiliary function */
13346   int (*xCreateFunction)(
13347     fts5_api *pApi,
13348     const char *zName,
13349     void *pUserData,
13350     fts5_extension_function xFunction,
13351     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
13352   );
13353 };
13354 
13355 /*
13356 ** END OF REGISTRATION API
13357 *************************************************************************/
13358 
13359 #ifdef __cplusplus
13360 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
13361 #endif
13362 
13363 #endif /* _FTS5_H */
13364 
13365 /******** End of fts5.h *********/
13366