A Word about Colorspaces • Supported Formats • Pseudo Formats • Built-in Images • Built-in Patterns • Embedded Profiles

ImageMagick uses an ASCII string known as magick (e.g. GIF) to identify file formats, algorithms acting as formats, built-in patterns, and embedded profile types. Support for some of the formats are delegated to libraries or external programs. The Installation Guide describes where to find these distributions and any special configuration options required.

To get a complete listing of which image formats are supported on your system, type

identify -list format

On some platforms, ImageMagick automagically processes these extensions: .gz for Zip compression, .Z for Unix compression, .bz2 for block compression, and .pgp for PGP encryption. For example, a PNM image called image.pnm.gz is automagically uncompressed.

A Word about Colorspaces

A majority of the image formats assume an sRGB colorspace (e.g. JPEG, PNG, etc.). A few support only linear RGB (e.g. EXR, DPX, CIN, HDR) or only linear GRAY (e.g. PGM). A few formats support CMYK. Then there is the occasional format that also supports LAB (that is CieLAB) (e.g. TIFF, PSD, JPG, JP2). To determine the colorspace of your image, use this command:

-> identify -verbose image.jpg
Image: image.jpg
Format: JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format)
...
Colorspace: sRGB
OR use the appropriate percent escape 
-> convert image.jpg -print "%[colorspace]\n" null:
sRGB

When processing an image, be aware of the colorspace. Many image processing algorithms assume a linear RGB colorspace. Although you may get satisfactory results processing in the sRGB colorspace, you may get improved results in linear RGB (essentially sRGB with the gamma function removed). For example,

convert image.jpg -colorspace RGB -resize 50% -colorspace sRGB resize.jpg

As of IM 6.7.8-2 one can properly work in LAB colorspace whether or not Imagemagick is HDRI-enabled. Essentually the A and B channels are stored with a 50% gray bias, to allow it to handle the negatives required by the format.

convert lab.tif -resize 50% resize.jpg

Again, it may not make sense for some image processing operators to work directly in LAB space, but ImageMagick permits it and generally returns reasonable results.

Prior to IM 6.7.8-2, the A and B channels has a discontinuity, making them non-linear. As such to process such images, you needed to first convert the colorspace some other linear colorspace, before apply your processing operator. Afterward you can transform back to the LAB colorspace. For example,

  convert lab.tif -colorspace RGB -resize 50% -colorspace Lab resize.jpg

Supported Image Formats

ImageMagick supports reading over 100 major file formats (not including sub-formats). The following table provides a summary of the supported image formats.

Tag Mode Description Notes
AAI RW AAI Dune image
ART RW PFS: 1st Publisher Format originally used on the Macintosh (MacPaint?) and later used for PFS: 1st Publisher clip art.
ARW R Sony Digital Camera Alpha Raw Image Format
AVI R Microsoft Audio/Visual Interleaved
AVS RW AVS X image
BPG RW Better Portable Graphics Use -quality to specify the image compression quality. To meet the requirements of BPG, the quality argument divided by 2 (e.g. -quality 92 assigns 46 as the BPG compression.
BMP, BMP2, BMP3 RW Microsoft Windows bitmap By default the BMP format is version 4. Use BMP3 and BMP2 to write versions 3 and 2 respectively.
BRF W Braille Ready Format Uses juxtaposition of 6-dot braille patterns (thus 6x2 dot matrices) to reproduce images, using the BRF ASCII Braille encoding.
CALS R Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support Type 1 image Specified in MIL-R-28002 and MIL-PRF-28002. Standard blueprint archive format as used by the US military to replace microfiche.
CGM R Computer Graphics Metafile Requires ralcgm to render CGM files.
CIN RW Kodak Cineon Image Format Use -set to specify the image gamma or black and white points (e.g. -set gamma 1.7, -set reference-black 95, -set reference-white 685). Properties include cin:file.create_date, cin:file.create_time, cin:file.filename, cin:file.version, cin:film.count, cin:film.format, cin:film.frame_id, cin:film.frame_position, cin:film.frame_rate, cin:film.id, cin:film.offset, cin:film.prefix, cin:film.slate_info, cin:film.type, cin:image.label, cin:origination.create_date, cin:origination.create_time, cin:origination.device, cin:origination.filename, cin:origination.model, cin:origination.serial, cin:origination.x_offset, cin:origination.x_pitch, cin:origination.y_offset, cin:origination.y_pitch, cin:user.data.
CIP W Cisco IP phone image format
CMYK RW Raw cyan, magenta, yellow, and black samples Use -size and -depth to specify the image width, height, and depth. To specify a single precision floating-point format, use -define quantum:format=floating-point. Set the depth to 32 for single precision floats, 64 for double precision, and 16 for half-precision.
CMYKA RW Raw cyan, magenta, yellow, black, and alpha samples Use -size and -depth to specify the image width, height, and depth. To specify a single precision floating-point format, use -define quantum:format=floating-point. Set the depth to 32 for single precision floats, 64 for double precision, and 16 for half-precision.
CR2 R Canon Digital Camera Raw Image Format Requires an explicit image format otherwise the image is interpreted as a TIFF image (e.g. cr2:image.cr2).
CRW R Canon Digital Camera Raw Image Format
CUBE R Cube Color lookup table converted to a HALD image Select levels like this: cube:Vibrant.cube[8] for level 8
CUR R Microsoft Cursor Icon
CUT R DR Halo
DCM R Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) image Used by the medical community for images like X-rays. ImageMagick sets the initial display range based on the Window Center (0028,1050) and Window Width (0028,1051) tags. Use -define dcm:display-range=reset to set the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values. Use -define dcm:rescale=true to enable interpretation of the rescale slope and intercept settings in the file. Use -define dcm:window=centerXwidth to override the center and width settings in the file with your own values.
DCR R Kodak Digital Camera Raw Image File
DCX RW ZSoft IBM PC multi-page Paintbrush image
DDS RW Microsoft Direct Draw Surface Use -define to specify the compression (e.g. -define dds:compression={dxt1, dxt5, none}). Other defines include dds:cluster-fit={true,false}, dds:weight-by-alpha={true,false}, dds:fast-mipmaps={true,false}, and use dds:mipmaps to set the number of mipmaps (use fromlist to use the image list).
DIB RW Microsoft Windows Device Independent Bitmap DIB is a BMP file without the BMP header. Used to support embedded images in compound formats like WMF.
DJVU R
DNG R Digital Negative Requires an explicit image format otherwise the image is interpreted as a TIFF image (e.g. dng:image.dng).
DOT R Graph Visualization Use -define to specify the layout engine (e.g. -define dot:layout-engine=twopi).
DPX RW SMPTE Digital Moving Picture Exchange 2.0 (SMPTE 268M-2003) Use -set to specify the image gamma or black and white points (e.g. -set gamma 1.7, -set reference-black 95, -set reference-white 685).
EMF R Microsoft Enhanced Metafile (32-bit) Only available under Microsoft Windows. Use -size command line option to specify the maximum width and height.
EPDF RW Encapsulated Portable Document Format
EPI RW Adobe Encapsulated PostScript Interchange format Requires Ghostscript to read.
EPS RW Adobe Encapsulated PostScript Requires Ghostscript to read.
EPS2 W Adobe Level II Encapsulated PostScript Requires Ghostscript to read.
EPS3 W Adobe Level III Encapsulated PostScript Requires Ghostscript to read.
EPSF RW Adobe Encapsulated PostScript Requires Ghostscript to read.
EPSI RW Adobe Encapsulated PostScript Interchange format Requires Ghostscript to read.
EPT RW Adobe Encapsulated PostScript Interchange format with TIFF preview Requires Ghostscript to read.
EXR RW High dynamic-range (HDR) file format developed by Industrial Light & Magic See High Dynamic-Range Images for details on this image format. To specify the output color type, use -define exr:color-type={RGB,RGBA,YC,YCA,Y,YA,R,G,B,A}. Use -sampling-factor to specify the sampling rate for YC(A) (e.g. 2x2 or 4:2:0). Requires the OpenEXR delegate library.
FAX RW Group 3 TIFF This format is a fixed width of 1728 as required by the standard. See TIFF format. Note that FAX machines use non-square pixels which are 1.5 times wider than they are tall but computer displays use square pixels so FAX images may appear to be narrow unless they are explicitly resized using a resize specification of 100x150%.
FIG R FIG graphics format Requires TransFig.
FITS RW Flexible Image Transport System To specify a single-precision floating-point format, use -define quantum:format=floating-point. Set the depth to 64 for a double-precision floating-point format.
FPX RW FlashPix Format FlashPix has the option to store mega- and giga-pixel images at various resolutions in a single file which permits conservative bandwidth and fast reveal times when displayed within a Web browser. Requires the FlashPix SDK. Specify the FlashPix viewing parameters with the -define fpx:view.
GIF RW CompuServe Graphics Interchange Format 8-bit RGB PseudoColor with up to 256 palette entries. Specify the format GIF87 to write the older version 87a of the format. Use -transparent-color to specify the GIF transparent color (e.g. -transparent-color wheat).
GPLT R Gnuplot plot files Requires gnuplot4.0.tar.Z or later.
GRAY RW Raw gray samples Use -size and -depth to specify the image width, height, and depth. To specify a single precision floating-point format, use -define quantum:format=floating-point. Set the depth to 32 for single precision floats, 64 for double precision, and 16 for half-precision.
GRAYA RW Raw gray and alpha samples Use -size and -depth to specify the image width, height, and depth. To specify a single precision floating-point format, use -define quantum:format=floating-point. Set the depth to 32 for single precision floats, 64 for double precision, and 16 for half-precision.
HDR RW Radiance RGBE image format
HDR RW Radiance RGBE image format
HEIC R Apple High efficiency Image Format HEIC requires the libheif delegate library.
HPGL R HP-GL plotter language Requires hp2xx-3.4.4.tar.gz
HRZ RW Slow Scane TeleVision
HTML RW Hypertext Markup Language with a client-side image map Also known as HTM. Requires html2ps to read.
ICO R Microsoft icon Also known as ICON.
INFO W Format and characteristics of the image
ISOBRL W ISO/TR 11548-1 BRaiLle Uses juxtaposition of 8-dot braille patterns (thus 8x2 dot matrices) to reproduce images, using the ISO/TR 11548-1 Braille encoding.
ISOBRL6 W ISO/TR 11548-1 BRaiLle 6 dots Uses juxtaposition of 6-dot braille patterns (thus 6x2 dot matrices) to reproduce images, using the ISO/TR 11548-1 Braille encoding.
JBIG RW Joint Bi-level Image experts Group file interchange format Also known as BIE and JBG. Requires jbigkit-1.6.tar.gz.
JNG RW Multiple-image Network Graphics JPEG in a PNG-style wrapper with transparency. Requires libjpeg and libpng-1.0.11 or later, libpng-1.2.5 or later recommended.
JP2 RW JPEG-2000 JP2 File Format Syntax Specify the encoding options with the -define option. See JP2 Encoding Options for more details.
JPT RW JPEG-2000 Code Stream Syntax Specify the encoding options with the -define option See JP2 Encoding Options for more details.
J2C RW JPEG-2000 Code Stream Syntax Specify the encoding options with the -define option See JP2 Encoding Options for more details.
J2K RW JPEG-2000 Code Stream Syntax Specify the encoding options with the -define option See JP2 Encoding Options for more details.
JPEG RW Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format Note, JPEG is a lossy compression. In addition, you cannot create black and white images with JPEG nor can you save transparency.

Requires jpegsrc.v8c.tar.gz. You can set quality scaling for luminance and chrominance separately (e.g. -quality 90,70). You can optionally define the DCT method, for example to specify the float method, use -define jpeg:dct-method=float. By default we compute optimal Huffman coding tables. Specify -define jpeg:optimize-coding=false to use the default Huffman tables. Two other options include -define jpeg:block-smoothing and -define jpeg:fancy-upsampling. Set the sampling factor with -define jpeg:sampling-factor. You can size the image with jpeg:size, for example -define jpeg:size=128x128. To restrict the maximum file size, use jpeg:extent, for example -define jpeg:extent=400KB. To define one or more custom quantization tables, use -define jpeg:q-table=filename. To avoid reading a particular associated image profile, use -define profile:skip=name (e.g. profile:skip=ICC).
JXR RW JPEG extended range Requires the jxrlib delegate library. Put the JxrDecApp and JxrEncApp applications in your execution path.
JSON W JavaScript Object Notation, a lightweight data-interchange format Include additional attributes about the image with these defines: -define json:locate, -define json:limit, -define json:moments, or -define json:features.
MAN R Unix reference manual pages Requires that GNU groff and Ghostcript are installed.
MAT R MATLAB image format
MIFF RW Magick image file format This format persists all image attributes known to ImageMagick. To specify a single precision floating-point format, use -define quantum:format=floating-point. Set the depth to 32 for single precision floats, 64 for double precision, and 16 for half-precision.
MONO RW Bi-level bitmap in least-significant-byte first order
MNG RW Multiple-image Network Graphics A PNG-like Image Format Supporting Multiple Images, Animation and Transparent JPEG. Requires libpng-1.0.11 or later, libpng-1.2.5 or later recommended. An interframe delay of 0 generates one frame with each additional layer composited on top. For motion, be sure to specify a non-zero delay.
M2V RW Motion Picture Experts Group file interchange format (version 2) Requires ffmpeg.
MPEG RW Motion Picture Experts Group file interchange format (version 1) Requires ffmpeg.
MPC RW Magick Persistent Cache image file format The most efficient data processing pattern is a write-once, read-many-times pattern. The image is generated or copied from source, then various analyses are performed on the image pixels over time. MPC supports this pattern. MPC is the native in-memory ImageMagick uncompressed file format. This file format is identical to that used by ImageMagick to represent images in memory and is read by mapping the file directly into memory. The MPC format is not portable and is not suitable as an archive format. It is suitable as an intermediate format for high-performance image processing. The MPC format requires two files to support one image. Image attributes are written to a file with the extension .mpc, whereas, image pixels are written to a file with the extension .cache.
MPR RW Magick Persistent Registry This format permits you to write to and read images from memory. The image persists until the program exits. For example, let's use the MPR to create a checkerboard: 
convert \( -size 15x15 canvas:black canvas:white -append \) \
  \( +clone -flip \) +append -write mpr:checkers +delete \
  -size 240x240 tile:mpr:checkers board.png
MRW R Sony (Minolta) Raw Image File
MSL RW Magick Scripting Language MSL is the XML-based scripting language supported by the conjure utility. MSL requires the libxml2 delegate library.
MTV RW MTV Raytracing image format
MVG RW Magick Vector Graphics. The native ImageMagick vector metafile format. A text file containing vector drawing commands accepted by convert's -draw option.
NEF R Nikon Digital SLR Camera Raw Image File
ORF R Olympus Digital Camera Raw Image File
OTB RW On-the-air Bitmap
P7 RW Xv's Visual Schnauzer thumbnail format
PALM RW Palm pixmap
PAM W Common 2-dimensional bitmap format
CLIPBOARD RW Windows Clipboard Only available under Microsoft Windows.
PBM RW Portable bitmap format (black and white)
PCD RW Photo CD The maximum resolution written is 768x512 pixels since larger images require huffman compression (which is not supported). Use -bordercolor to specify the border color (e.g. -bordercolor black).
PCDS RW Photo CD Decode with the sRGB color tables.
PCL W HP Page Control Language Use -define to specify fit to page option (e.g. -define pcl:fit-to-page=true).
PCX RW ZSoft IBM PC Paintbrush file
PDB RW Palm Database ImageViewer Format
PDF RW Portable Document Format Requires Ghostscript to read. By default, ImageMagick sets the page size to the MediaBox. Some PDF files, however, have a CropBox or TrimBox that is smaller than the MediaBox and may include white space, registration or cutting marks outside the CropBox or TrimBox. To force ImageMagick to use the CropBox or TrimBox rather than the MediaBox, use -define (e.g. -define pdf:use-cropbox=true or -define pdf:use-trimbox=true). Use -density to improve the appearance of your PDF rendering (e.g. -density 300x300). Use -alpha remove to remove transparency. To specify direct conversion from Postscript to PDF, use -define delegate:bimodel=true. Use -define pdf:fit-page=true to scale to the page size. To immediately stop processing upon an error, set -define pdf:stop-on-error to true. To set the page direction preferences to right-to-left, try -define pdf:page-direction=right-to-left.
PEF R Pentax Electronic File Requires an explicit image format otherwise the image is interpreted as a TIFF image (e.g. pef:image.pef).
PES R Embrid Embroidery Format
PFA R Postscript Type 1 font (ASCII) Opening as file returns a preview image.
PFB R Postscript Type 1 font (binary) Opening as file returns a preview image.
PFM RW Portable float map format
PGM RW Portable graymap format (gray scale)
PICON RW Personal Icon
PICT RW Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT file
PIX R Alias/Wavefront RLE image format
PNG RW Portable Network Graphics Requires libpng-1.0.11 or later, libpng-1.2.5 or later recommended. The PNG specification does not support pixels-per-inch units, only pixels-per-centimeter. To avoid reading a particular associated image profile, use -define profile:skip=name (e.g. profile:skip=ICC).
PNG8 RW Portable Network Graphics 8-bit indexed with optional binary transparency
PNG00 RW Portable Network Graphics PNG inheriting subformat from original if possible
PNG24 RW Portable Network Graphics opaque or binary transparent 24-bit RGB
PNG32 RW Portable Network Graphics opaque or transparent 32-bit RGBA
PNG48 RW Portable Network Graphics opaque or binary transparent 48-bit RGB
PNG64 RW Portable Network Graphics opaque or transparent 64-bit RGB
PNM RW Portable anymap PNM is a family of formats supporting portable bitmaps (PBM) , graymaps (PGM), and pixmaps (PPM). There is no file format associated with pnm itself. If PNM is used as the output format specifier, then ImageMagick automagically selects the most appropriate format to represent the image. The default is to write the binary version of the formats. Use -compress none to write the ASCII version of the formats.
PPM RW Portable pixmap format (color)
PS RW Adobe PostScript file Requires Ghostscript to read. To force ImageMagick to respect the crop box, use -define (e.g. -define eps:use-cropbox=true). Use -density to improve the appearance of your Postscript rendering (e.g. -density 300x300). Use -alpha remove to remove transparency. To specify direct conversion from PDF to Postscript, use -define delegate:bimodel=true.
PS2 RW Adobe Level II PostScript file Requires Ghostscript to read.
PS3 RW Adobe Level III PostScript file Requires Ghostscript to read.
PSB RW Adobe Large Document Format
PSD RW Adobe Photoshop bitmap file Use -define psd:alpha-unblend=off to disable alpha blenning in the merged image. Use -define psd:additional-info=all|selective to transfer additional information from the input PSD file to output PSD file. The 'selective' option will preserve all additional information that is not related to the geometry of the image. The 'all' option should only be used when the geometry of the image has not been changed. This option is helpful when transferring non-simple layers, such as adjustment layers from the input PSD file to the output PSD file. This define is available as of Imagemagick version 6.9.5-8. Use -define psd:preserve-opacity-mask=true to preserve the opacity mask of a layer and add it back to the layer when the image is saved.
PTIF RW Pyramid encoded TIFF Multi-resolution TIFF containing successively smaller versions of the image down to the size of an icon.
PWP R Seattle File Works multi-image file
RAD R Radiance image file Requires that ra_ppm from the Radiance software package be installed.
RAF R Fuji CCD-RAW Graphic File
RGB RW Raw red, green, and blue samples Use -size and -depth to specify the image width, height, and depth. To specify a single precision floating-point format, use -define quantum:format=floating-point. Set the depth to 32 for single precision floats, 64 for double precision, and 16 for half-precision.
RGBA RW Raw red, green, blue, and alpha samples Use -size and -depth to specify the image width, height, and depth. To specify a single precision floating-point format, use -define quantum:format=floating-point. Set the depth to 32 for single precision floats, 64 for double precision, and 16 for half-precision.
RGF RW LEGO Mindstorms EV3 Robot Graphics File
RLA R Alias/Wavefront image file
RLE R Utah Run length encoded image file
SCT R Scitex Continuous Tone Picture
SFW R Seattle File Works image
SGI RW Irix RGB image
SHTML W Hypertext Markup Language client-side image map Used to write HTML clickable image maps based on a the output of montage or a format which supports tiled images such as MIFF.
SID, MrSID R Multiresolution seamless image Requires the mrsidgeodecode command line utility that decompresses MG2 or MG3 SID image files.
SPARSE-COLOR W Raw text file Format compatible with the -sparse-color option. Lists only non-fully-transparent pixels.
SUN RW SUN Rasterfile
SVG RW Scalable Vector Graphics ImageMagick utilizes inkscape if its in your execution path otherwise RSVG. If neither are available, ImageMagick reverts to its internal SVG renderer. The default resolution is 96 DPI. Use -size command line option to specify the maximum width and height.
TEXT R text file Requires an explicit format specifier to read, e.g. text:README.txt.
TGA RW Truevision Targa image Also known as formats ICB, VDA, and VST.
TIFF RW Tagged Image File Format Also known as TIF. Requires tiff-v3.6.1.tar.gz or later. Use -define to specify the rows per strip (e.g. -define tiff:rows-per-strip=8). To define the tile geometry, use for example, -define tiff:tile-geometry=128x128. To specify a signed format, use -define quantum:format=signed. To specify a single-precision floating-point format, use -define quantum:format=floating-point. Set the depth to 64 for a double-precision floating-point format. Use -define quantum:polarity=min-is-black or -define quantum:polarity=min-is-white toggle the photometric interpretation for a bilevel image. Specify the extra samples as associated or unassociated alpha with, for example, -define tiff:alpha=unassociated. Set the fill order with -define tiff:fill-order=msb|lsb. Set the TIFF endianess with -define tiff:endian=msb|lsb. Use -define tiff:exif-properties=false to skip reading the EXIF properties. You can set a number of TIFF software attributes including document name, host computer, artist, timestamp, make, model, software, and copyright. For example, -set tiff:software "My Company". If you want to ignore certain TIFF tags, use this option: -define tiff:ignore-tags=comma-separated-list-of-tag-IDs. Since version 6.9.1-4 there is support for reading photoshop layers in TIFF files, this can be disabled with -define tiff:ignore-layers=true
TIM R PSX TIM file
TTF R TrueType font file Requires freetype 2. Opening as file returns a preview image. Use -set if you do not want to hint glyph outlines after their scaling to device pixels (e.g. -set type:hinting off).
TXT RW Raw text file Use -define to specify the color compliance (e.g. -define txt:compliance=css).
UBRL W Unicode BRaiLle Uses juxtaposition of 8-dot braille patterns (thus 8x2 dot matrices) to reproduce images, using the Unicode Braille encoding.
UBRL6 W Unicode BRaiLle 6 dots Uses juxtaposition of 6-dot braille patterns (thus 6x2 dot matrices) to reproduce images, using the Unicode Braille encoding.
UIL W X-Motif UIL table
UYVY RW Interleaved YUV raw image Use -size and -depth command line options to specify width and height. Use -sampling-factor to set the desired subsampling (e.g. -sampling-factor 4:2:2).
VICAR RW VICAR rasterfile format
VIFF RW Khoros Visualization Image File Format
WBMP RW Wireless bitmap Support for uncompressed monochrome only.
WDP RW JPEG extended range Requires the jxrlib delegate library. Put the JxrDecApp and JxrEncApp applications in your execution path.
WEBP RW Weppy image format Requires the WEBP delegate library. Specify the encoding options with the -define option See WebP Encoding Options for more details.
WMF R Windows Metafile Requires libwmf. By default, renders WMF files using the dimensions specified by the metafile header. Use the -density option to adjust the output resolution, and thereby adjust the output size. The default output resolution is 72DPI so -density 144 results in an image twice as large as the default. Use -background color to specify the WMF background color (default white) or -texture filename to specify a background texture image.
WPG R Word Perfect Graphics File
X RW display or import an image to or from an X11 server Use -define to obtain the image from the root window (e.g. -define x:screen=true). Set x:silent=true to turn off the beep when importing an image.
XBM RW X Windows system bitmap, black and white only Used by the X Windows System to store monochrome icons.
XCF R GIMP image
XPM RW X Windows system pixmap Also known as PM. Used by the X Windows System to store color icons.
XWD RW X Windows system window dump Used by the X Windows System to save/display screen dumps.
X3F R Sigma Camera RAW Picture File
YCbCr RW Raw Y, Cb, and Cr samples Use -size and -depth to specify the image width, height, and depth.
YCbCrA RW Raw Y, Cb, Cr, and alpha samples Use -size and -depth to specify the image width, height, and depth.
YUV RW CCIR 601 4:1:1 Use -size and -depth command line options to specify width, height, and depth. Use -sampling-factor to set the desired subsampling (e.g. -sampling-factor 4:2:2).

Pseudo-image Formats

ImageMagick supports a number of image format specifications which refer to images prepared via an algorithm, or input/output targets. The following table lists these pseudo-image formats:

Tag Mode Description Notes
CANVAS R Canvas image of specified color Useful to create solid color canvas images. Use -size and -depth to specify the image width, height, and depth. Example canvas color specifications include canvas:red and canvas:#FF0000.
If no color is specified a 'white' canvas image is generated. If no -size is specified a single pixel image of the specified color is generated.
CAPTION R Image caption
CLIP RW Clip path of image
CLIPBOARD RW Windows Clipboard Only available under Microsoft Windows.
FRACTAL R Plasma fractal image
GRADIENT R Gradual passing from one shade to another Returns a rendered linear top-to-bottom gradient image using the specified image size.
HALD R Identity Hald CLUT Image Select levels like this: hald:[8] for level 8.
HISTOGRAM W Histogram of the image The histogram includes the unique colors of the image as an image comment. If you have no need for the unique color list, use -define histogram:unique-colors=false to forego this expensive operation.
INLINE RW Base64-encoded inline image The inline image look similar to inline:data:;base64,/9j/4AAQSk...knrn//2Q==. If the inline image exceeds 5000 characters, reference it from a file (e.g. inline:inline.txt). You can also write a base64-encoded image. Embed the mime type in the filename, for example, convert myimage inline:jpeg:myimage.txt.
LABEL R Text image format Specify the desired text as the filename (e.g. label:"This a label").
MAP RW Colormap intensities and indices Set -depth to set the sample size of the intensities; indices are 16-bit if colors > 256.
MASK RW Image mask
MATTE W MATTE format Write only.
NULL RW NULL image Useful for creating blank tiles with montage (use NULL:). Also useful as an output format when evaluating image read performance.
PANGO R Image caption You can configure the caption layout with these defines: -define pango:auto-dir=true/false, -define pango:ellipsize=start/middle/end, -define pango:gravity-hint=natural/strong/line, -define pango:hinting=none/auto/full, -define pango:indent=points, -define pango:justify=true/false, -define pango:language=en_US/etc, -define pango:markup=true/false, -define pango:single-paragraph=true/false and -define pango:wrap=word/char/word-char.
PLASMA R Plasma fractal image
PREVIEW W Show a preview an image enhancement, effect, or f/x Creates a preview montage of images prepared over a parametric range in order to assist with parameter selection. Specify the desired preview type via the -preview option).
PRINT W Send image to your computer printer Unix users may set the PRINTER (for 'lpr') or LPDEST (for 'lp') environment variables to select the desired printer.
SCAN R Import image from a scanner device Requires SANE Specify the device name and path as the filename (e.g. scan:'hpaio:/usb/Officejet_6200_series?serial=CN4ATCE3G20453').
RADIAL_GRADIENT R Gradual radial passing from one shade to another Returns a rendered radial top-to-bottom gradient image using the specified image size.
SCANX R Import image from the default scanner device
SCREENSHOT R an image that shows the contents of a computer display
STEGANO R Steganographic image Use -size command line option to specify width, height, and offset of the steganographic image
TILE R Tiled image Create a tiled version of an image at by tiling a image. Use -size to specify the tiled image size. Tiles are composited on an image background and therefore is responsive to the -compose option. The image is specified similar to TILE:image.miff.
UNIQUE W Write only unique pixels to the image file.
VID RW Visual Image Directory Used to create a thumbnailed directory (tiled thumbnails) of a set of images which may be used to select images to view via the display program, or saved to a MIFF or SHTML file.
WIN RW Select image from or display image to your computer screen Only supported under Microsoft Windows.
X RW Select image from or display image to your X server screen Also see the import and display programs.
XC R Canvas image of specified color An backward compatible alias for the 'canvas:' psuedo-file format, used to create a solid color canvas image.

Built-in Images

ImageMagick includes a number of built-in (embedded) images which may be referenced as if they were an image file. The magick: format tag may be used via the syntax magick:name to request an embedded image (e.g. magick:logo). For backwards compatibility, the image specifications GRANITE:, LOGO:, NETSCAPE:, and ROSE: may also be used to request images with those names.

Tag Mode Description Notes
GRANITE R 128x128 granite texture pattern GRANITE
LOGO R ImageMagick Logo, 640x480 Logo
NETSCAPE R image using colors in Netscape 216 (6x6x6 ) color cube, 216x144 Most commonly used with the convert and mogrify programs with the -map option to create web safe images.
ROSE R Picture of a rose, 70x46 ROSE
WIZARD R ImageMagick Wizard, 480x640 Logo

Built-in Patterns

ImageMagick includes a number of built-in (embedded) patterns which may be referenced as if they were an image file. The pattern: format tag may be used via the syntax pattern:name to request an embedded pattern (e.g. pattern:checkerboard). The pattern size is controlled with the -size command line option.

Tag Mode Description Notes
BRICKS R brick pattern, 16x16 BRICKS
CHECKERBOARD R checkerboard pattern, 30x30 CHECKERBOARD
CIRCLES R circles pattern, 16x16 CIRCLES
CROSSHATCH R crosshatch pattern, 8x4 CROSSHATCH
CROSSHATCH30 R crosshatch pattern with lines at 30 degrees, 8x4 CROSSHATCH30
CROSSHATCH45 R crosshatch pattern with lines at 45 degrees, 8x4 CROSSHATCH45
FISHSCALES R fish scales pattern, 16x8 FISHSCALES
GRAY0 R 0% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY0
GRAY5 R 5% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY5
GRAY10 R 10% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY10
GRAY15 R 15% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY15
GRAY20 R 20% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY20
GRAY25 R 25% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY25
GRAY30 R 30% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY30
GRAY35 R 35% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY35
GRAY40 R 40% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY40
GRAY45 R 45% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY45
GRAY50 R 50% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY50
GRAY55 R 55% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY55
GRAY60 R 60% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY60
GRAY65 R 65% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY65
GRAY70 R 70% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY70
GRAY75 R 75% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY75
GRAY80 R 80% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY80
GRAY85 R 85% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY85
GRAY90 R 90% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY90
GRAY95 R 95% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY95
GRAY100 R 100% intensity gray, 32x32 GRAY100
HEXAGONS R hexagon pattern, 30x18 HEXAGONS
HORIZONTAL R horizontal line pattern, 8x4 HORIZONTAL
HORIZONTAL2 R horizontal line pattern, 8x8 HORIZONTAL2
HORIZONTAL3 R horizontal line pattern, 9x9 HORIZONTAL3
HORIZONTALSAW R horizontal saw-tooth pattern, 16x8 HORIZONTALSAW
HS_BDIAGONAL R backward diagonal line pattern (45 degrees slope), 8x8 HS_BDIAGONAL
HS_CROSS R cross line pattern, 8x8 HS_CROSS
HS_DIAGCROSS R diagonal line cross pattern (45 degrees slope), 8x8 HS_DIAGCROSS
HS_FDIAGONAL R forward diagonal line pattern (45 degrees slope), 8x8 HS_FDIAGONAL
HS_HORIZONTAL R horizontal line pattern, 8x8 HS_HORIZONTAL
HS_VERTICAL R vertical line pattern, 8x8 HS_VERTICAL
LEFT30 R forward diagonal pattern (30 degrees slope), 8x4 LEFT0
LEFT45 R forward diagonal line pattern (45 degrees slope), 8x8 LEFT45
LEFTSHINGLE R left shingle pattern, 24x24 LEFTSHINGLE
OCTAGONS R octagons pattern, 16x16 OCTAGONS
RIGHT30 R backward diagonal line pattern (30 degrees) 8x4 RIGHT30
RIGHT45 R backward diagonal line pattern (30 degrees), 8x8 RIGHT45
RIGHTSHINGLE R right shingle pattern, 24x24 RIGHTSHINGLE
SMALLFISHSCALES R small fish scales pattern, 8x8 SMALLFISHSCALES
VERTICAL R vertical line pattern, 8x8 VERTICAL
VERTICAL2 R vertical line pattern, 8x8 VERTICAL2
VERTICAL3 R vertical line pattern, 9x9 VERTICAL3
VERTICALBRICKS R vertical brick pattern, 16x16 VERTICALBRICKS
VERTICALLEFTSHINGLE R vertical left shingle pattern, 24x24 VERTICALLEFTSHINGLE
VERTICALRIGHTSHINGLE R vertical right shingle pattern, 24x24 VERTICALRIGHTSHINGLE
VERTICALSAW R vertical saw-tooth pattern, 8x16 VERTICALSAW

Embedded Image Profiles

ImageMagick provides a number of format identifiers which are used to add, remove, and save embedded profiles for images which can support embedded profiles. Image types which may contain embedded profiles are TIFF, JPEG, and PDF.

Tag Mode Description Notes
8BIM RW Photoshop resource format (binary)
8BIMTEXT RW Photoshop resource format (ASCII) An ASCII representation of the 8BIM format.
APP1 RW Raw application information
APP1JPEG RW Raw JPEG binary data Profile in JPEG wrapper.
ICC RW International Color Consortium color profile Also known as ICM. To read, use -profile with convert.
IPTC RW IPTC Newsphoto (binary) To read, use -profile with convert
IPTCTEXT RW IPTC Newsphoto (ASCII) An ASCII representation of the IPTC format.