1A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE 2========================== 3 4Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting 5Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands 6as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's 7principal author, although it includes many contributions from others. 8 9In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for 10National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us) 11in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the 12software. 13 14In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to 15BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same 16year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope 17Corporation, see http://www.zope.com). In 2001, the Python Software 18Foundation (PSF, see http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a 19non-profit organization created specifically to own Python-related 20Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of 21the PSF. 22 23All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for 24the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python 25releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes 26the various releases. 27 28 Release Derived Year Owner GPL- 29 from compatible? (1) 30 31 0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes 32 1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes 33 1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no 34 2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no 35 1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2) 36 2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no 37 2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes 38 2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes 39 2.2 2.1.1 2001 PSF yes 40 2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes 41 2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes 42 2.2.1 2.2 2002 PSF yes 43 2.2.2 2.2.1 2002 PSF yes 44 2.2.3 2.2.2 2003 PSF yes 45 2.3 2.2.2 2002-2003 PSF yes 46 2.3.1 2.3 2002-2003 PSF yes 47 2.3.2 2.3.1 2002-2003 PSF yes 48 2.3.3 2.3.2 2002-2003 PSF yes 49 2.3.4 2.3.3 2004 PSF yes 50 2.3.5 2.3.4 2005 PSF yes 51 2.4 2.3 2004 PSF yes 52 2.4.1 2.4 2005 PSF yes 53 2.4.2 2.4.1 2005 PSF yes 54 2.4.3 2.4.2 2006 PSF yes 55 2.4.4 2.4.3 2006 PSF yes 56 2.5 2.4 2006 PSF yes 57 2.5.1 2.5 2007 PSF yes 58 2.5.2 2.5.1 2008 PSF yes 59 2.5.3 2.5.2 2008 PSF yes 60 2.6 2.5 2008 PSF yes 61 2.6.1 2.6 2008 PSF yes 62 2.6.2 2.6.1 2009 PSF yes 63 2.6.3 2.6.2 2009 PSF yes 64 2.6.4 2.6.3 2009 PSF yes 65 2.6.5 2.6.4 2010 PSF yes 66 2.7 2.6 2010 PSF yes 67 68Footnotes: 69 70(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under 71 the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute 72 a modified version without making your changes open source. The 73 GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with 74 other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't. 75 76(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible, 77 because its license has a choice of law clause. According to 78 CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1 79 is "not incompatible" with the GPL. 80 81Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's 82direction to make these releases possible. 83 84 85B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 86=============================================================== 87 88PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2 89-------------------------------------------- 90 911. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation 92("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and 93otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and 94its associated documentation. 95 962. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby 97grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, 98analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, 99distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version, 100provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright, 101i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 102Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved" are retained in Python alone or 103in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. 104 1053. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 106or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make 107the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 108Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 109the changes made to Python. 110 1114. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 112basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 113IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND 114DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 115FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT 116INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 117 1185. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 119FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 120A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON, 121OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 122 1236. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 124breach of its terms and conditions. 125 1267. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any 127relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and 128Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF 129trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote 130products or services of Licensee, or any third party. 131 1328. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee 133agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 134Agreement. 135 136 137BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0 138------------------------------------------- 139 140BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1 141 1421. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an 143office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the 144Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using 145this software in source or binary form and its associated 146documentation ("the Software"). 147 1482. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License 149Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, 150royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform 151and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and 152otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version, 153provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the 154Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. 155 1563. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 157basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 158IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND 159DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 160FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT 161INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 162 1634. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE 164SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS 165AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY 166DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 167 1685. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 169breach of its terms and conditions. 170 1716. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all 172respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of 173law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to 174create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture 175between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant 176permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark 177sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any 178third party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at 179http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the 180permissions granted on that web page. 181 1827. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee 183agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 184Agreement. 185 186 187CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1 188--------------------------------------- 189 1901. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National 191Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, 192Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization 193("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in 194source or binary form and its associated documentation. 195 1962. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI 197hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide 198license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, 199prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 200alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's 201License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c) 2021995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights 203Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative 204version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License 205Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the 206quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and 207conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with 208Python 1.6.1 may be located on the Internet using the following 209unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This 210Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the Internet 211using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013". 212 2133. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 214or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make 215the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 216Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 217the changes made to Python 1.6.1. 218 2194. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 220basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 221IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND 222DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 223FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT 224INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 225 2265. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 2271.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 228A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, 229OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 230 2316. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 232breach of its terms and conditions. 233 2347. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal 235intellectual property law of the United States, including without 236limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such 237U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of 238Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions. 239Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based 240on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was 241previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the 242law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License 243Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to 244Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this 245License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of 246agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This 247License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or 248trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or 249services of Licensee, or any third party. 250 2518. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying, 252installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be 253bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement. 254 255 ACCEPT 256 257 258CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2 259-------------------------------------------------- 260 261Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, 262The Netherlands. All rights reserved. 263 264Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its 265documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, 266provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that 267both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in 268supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch 269Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to 270distribution of the software without specific, written prior 271permission. 272 273STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO 274THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND 275FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE 276FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 277WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 278ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT 279OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 280