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84<p class="text-center"><a href="perl-magick.html#installation">Installation</a> • <a href="perl-magick.html#overview">Overview</a> • <a href="perl-magick.html#example">Example Script</a> • <a href="perl-magick.html#read">Read or Write an Image</a> • <a href="perl-magick.html#manipulate">Manipulate an Image</a> • <a href="perl-magick.html#set-attribute">Set an Image Attribute</a> • <a href="perl-magick.html#get-attribute">Get an Image Attribute</a> • <a href="perl-magick.html#compare">Compare an Image to its Reconstruction</a> • <a href="perl-magick.html#montage">Create an Image Montage</a> • <a href="perl-magick.html#blobs">Working with Blobs</a> • <a href="perl-magick.html#direct-access">Direct-access to Image Pixels</a> • <a href="perl-magick.html#miscellaneous">Miscellaneous Methods</a> • <a href="perl-magick.html#exceptions">Handling Exceptions</a>• <a href="perl-magick.html#constants">Constant</a> </p>
85
86<a class="anchor" id="introduction"></a>
87<p class="lead magick-description"><a href="../www/download.html">PerlMagick</a> is an objected-oriented <a href="http://www.perl.com/perl/">Perl</a> interface to ImageMagick. Use the module to read, manipulate, or write an image or image sequence from within a Perl script. This makes it very suitable for Web CGI scripts. You must have ImageMagick 6.5.5 or above and Perl version 5.005_02 or greater installed on your system for PerlMagick to build properly.</p>
88
89<p>There are a number of useful scripts available to show you the value of PerlMagick. You can do Web based image manipulation and conversion with <a href="https://imagemagick.org/download/perl">MagickStudio</a>, or use <a href="http://git.imagemagick.org/repos/ImageMagick/PerlMagick/demo">L-systems</a> to create images of plants using mathematical constructs, and finally navigate through collections of thumbnail images and select the image to view with the <a href="http://webmagick.sourceforge.net/">WebMagick Image Navigator</a>.</p>
90
91<p>You can try PerlMagick from your Web browser at the <a href="../MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi">ImageMagick Studio</a>. Or, you can see <a href="examples.html">examples</a> of select PerlMagick functions.</p>
92
93<h2><a class="anchor" id="installation"></a>Installation</h2>
94
95<p><b>UNIX</b></p>
96
97<p>Is PerlMagick available from your system RPM repository?  For example, on our CentOS system, we install PerlMagick thusly:</p>
98
99<pre class="highlight"><code>yum install ImageMagick-perl
100</code></pre>
101
102<p>If not, you must install PerlMagick from the ImageMagick source distribution.  Download the latest <a href="https://imagemagick.org/download/ImageMagick.tar.gz">source</a> release.</p>
103
104<p>Unpack the distribution with this command:</p>
105
106<pre class="highlight"><code>tar xvzf ImageMagick.tar.gz
107</code></pre>
108
109<p>Next configure and compile ImageMagick:</p>
110
111<pre class="highlight"><span class="crtprompt">$ </span><span class='crtin'>cd ImageMagick-7.0.8</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt">$ </span><span class='crtin'>./configure -with-perl</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt">$ </span><span class='crtin'>make</span></pre>
112<p>If ImageMagick / PerlMagick configured and compiled without complaint, you are ready to install it on your system.  Administrator privileges are required to install.  To install, type</p>
113
114<pre class="highlight"><code>sudo make install
115</code></pre>
116
117<p>You may need to configure the dynamic linker run-time bindings:</p>
118
119<pre class="highlight"><code>sudo ldconfig /usr/local/lib
120</code></pre>
121
122
123<p>Finally, verify the PerlMagick install worked properly, type</p>
124
125<pre class="highlight"><code>perl -MImage::Magick -le 'print Image::Magick->QuantumDepth'
126</code></pre>
127
128<p>Congratulations, you have a working ImageMagick distribution and you are ready to use PerlMagick to <a href="../Usage/">convert, compose, or edit</a> your images.</p>
129
130<p><b>Windows XP / Windows 2000</b></p>
131
132<p>ImageMagick must already be installed on your system. Also, the ImageMagick source distribution for <a href="../www/download.html">Windows 2000</a> is required. You must also have the <code>nmake</code> from the Visual C++ or J++ development environment. Copy <code>\bin\IMagick.dll</code> and <code>\bin\X11.dll</code> to a directory in your dynamic load path such as <code>c:\perl\site\5.00502</code>.</p>
133
134<p>Next, type</p>
135
136<pre class="highlight"><code>cd PerlMagick
137perl Makefile.nt
138nmake
139nmake install
140</code></pre>
141
142<p>See the <a href="http://www.dylanbeattie.net/magick/">PerlMagick Windows HowTo</a> page for further installation instructions.</p>
143
144<p><b>Running the Regression Tests</b></p>
145
146<p>To verify a correct installation, type</p>
147
148<pre class="highlight"><code>make test
149</code></pre>
150
151<p>Use <code>nmake test</code> under Windows. There are a few demonstration scripts available to exercise many of the functions PerlMagick can perform. Type</p>
152
153<pre class="highlight"><code>cd demo
154make
155</code></pre>
156
157<p>You are now ready to utilize the PerlMagick methods from within your Perl scripts.</p>
158
159<h2><a class="anchor" id="overview"></a>Overview</h2>
160
161<p>Any script that wants to use PerlMagick methods must first define the methods within its namespace and instantiate an image object. Do this with:</p>
162
163<pre class="highlight"><code>use Image::Magick;
164
165$image = Image::Magick-&gt;new;
166</code></pre>
167
168<p>PerlMagick is <var>quantum</var> aware.  You can request a specific quantum depth when you instantiate an image object:</p>
169
170<pre class="highlight"><code>use Image::Magick::Q16;
171
172$image = Image::Magick::Q16-&gt;new;
173</code></pre>
174
175<p>The new() method takes the same parameters as <a href="perl-magick.html#set-attribute">SetAttribute</a> . For example,</p>
176
177<pre class="highlight"><code>$image = Image::Magick-&gt;new(size=&gt;'384x256');
178</code></pre>
179
180<p>Next you will want to read an image or image sequence, manipulate it, and then display or write it. The input and output methods for PerlMagick are defined in <a href="perl-magick.html#read">Read or Write an Image</a>. See <a href="perl-magick.html#set-attribute">Set an Image Attribute</a> for methods that affect the way an image is read or written. Refer to <a href="perl-magick.html#manipulate">Manipulate an Image</a> for a list of methods to transform an image. <a href="perl-magick.html#get-attribute">Get an Image Attribute</a> describes how to retrieve an attribute for an image. Refer to <a href="perl-magick.html#montage">Create an Image Montage</a> for details about tiling your images as thumbnails on a background. Finally, some methods do not neatly fit into any of the categories just mentioned. Review <a href="perl-magick.html#misc">Miscellaneous Methods</a> for a list of these methods.</p>
181
182<p>Once you are finished with a PerlMagick object you should consider destroying it. Each image in an image sequence is stored in virtual memory. This can potentially add up to mebibytes of memory. Upon destroying a PerlMagick object, the memory is returned for use by other Perl methods. The recommended way to destroy an object is with <code>undef</code>:</p>
183
184<pre class="highlight"><code>undef $image;
185</code></pre>
186
187<p>To delete all the images but retain the <code>Image::Magick</code> object use</p>
188
189<pre class="highlight"><code>@$image = ();
190</code></pre>
191
192<p>and finally, to delete a single image from a multi-image sequence, use</p>
193
194<pre class="highlight"><code>undef $image-&gt;[$x];
195</code></pre>
196
197<p>The next section illustrates how to use various PerlMagick methods to manipulate an image sequence.</p>
198
199<p>Some of the PerlMagick methods require external programs such as <a href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">Ghostscript</a>. This may require an explicit path in your PATH environment variable to work properly. For example (in Unix),</p>
200
201<pre class="highlight"><code>$ENV{PATH}' . "='/../bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin';
202</code></pre>
203
204<h2><a class="anchor" id="example"></a>Example Script</h2>
205
206<p>Here is an example script to get you started:</p>
207
208<pre class="highlight"><code>#!/usr/local/bin/perl
209use Image::Magick;<br />
210my($image, $x);<br />
211$image = Image::Magick-&gt;new;
212$x = $image-&gt;Read('girl.png', 'logo.png', 'rose.png');
213warn "$x" if "$x";<br />
214$x = $image-&gt;Crop(geometry=&gt;'100x100+100+100');
215warn "$x" if "$x";<br />
216$x = $image-&gt;Write('x.png');
217warn "$x" if "$x";
218</code></pre>
219
220<p>The script reads three images, crops them, and writes a single image as a GIF animation sequence. In many cases you may want to access individual images of a sequence. The next example illustrates how this done:</p>
221
222<pre class="pre-scrollable"><code>#!/usr/local/bin/perl
223use Image::Magick;<br />
224my($image, $p, $q);<br />
225$image = new Image::Magick;
226$image-&gt;Read('x1.png');
227$image-&gt;Read('j*.jpg');
228$image-&gt;Read('k.miff[1, 5, 3]');
229$image-&gt;Contrast();
230for ($x = 0; $image-&gt;[$x]; $x++)
231{
232  $image-&gt;[$x]-&gt;Frame('100x200') if $image-&gt;[$x]-&gt;Get('magick') eq 'GIF';
233  undef $image-&gt;[$x] if $image-&gt;[$x]-&gt;Get('columns') &lt; 100;
234}
235$p = $image-&gt;[1];
236$p-&gt;Draw(stroke=&gt;'red', primitive=&gt;'rectangle', points=&gt;20,20 100,100');
237$q = $p-&gt;Montage();
238undef $image;
239$q-&gt;Write('x.miff');
240</code></pre>
241
242<p>Suppose you want to start out with a 100 by 100 pixel white canvas with a red pixel in the center. Try</p>
243
244<pre class="highlight"><code>$image = Image::Magick-&gt;new;
245$image-&gt;Set(size=&gt;'100x100');
246$image-&gt;ReadImage('canvas:white');
247$image-&gt;Set('pixel[49,49]'=&gt;'red');
248</code></pre>
249
250<p>Here we reduce the intensity of the red component at (1,1) by half:</p>
251
252<pre class="highlight"><code>@pixels = $image-&gt;GetPixel(x=&gt;1,y=&gt;1);
253$pixels[0]*=0.5;
254$image-&gt;SetPixel(x=&gt;1,y=&gt;1,color=&gt;\@pixels);
255</code></pre>
256
257<p>Or suppose you want to convert your color image to grayscale:</p>
258
259<pre class="highlight"><code>$image-&gt;Quantize(colorspace=&gt;'gray');
260</code></pre>
261
262<p>Let's annotate an image with a Taipai TrueType font:</p>
263
264<pre class="highlight"><code>$text = 'Works like magick!';
265$image-&gt;Annotate(font=&gt;'kai.ttf', pointsize=&gt;40, fill=&gt;'green', text=&gt;$text);
266</code></pre>
267
268<p>Perhaps you want to extract all the pixel intensities from an image and write them to STDOUT:</p>
269
270<pre class="highlight"><code>@pixels = $image-&gt;GetPixels(map=&gt;'I', height=&gt;$height, width=&gt;$width, normalize=&gt;true);
271binmode STDOUT;
272print pack('B*',join('',@pixels));
273</code></pre>
274
275<p>Other clever things you can do with a PerlMagick objects include</p>
276
277<pre class="highlight"><code>$i = $#$p"+1";   # return the number of images associated with object p
278push(@$q, @$p);  # push the images from object p onto object q
279@$p = ();        # delete the images but not the object p
280$p-&gt;Convolve([1, 2, 1, 2, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1]);   # 3x3 Gaussian kernel
281</code></pre>
282
283  <h2><a class="anchor" id="read"></a>Read or Write an Image</h2>
284
285<p>Use the methods listed below to either read, write, or display an image or image sequence:</p>
286
287<table class="table table-sm table-striped">
288<caption>Read or Write Methods</caption>
289<colgroup>
290  <col width="20%" />
291  <col width="20%" />
292  <col width="20%" />
293  <col width="40%" />
294</colgroup>
295<tbody>
296
297  <tr>
298    <th>Method</th>
299    <th>Parameters</th>
300    <th>Return Value</th>
301    <th>Description</th>
302  </tr>
303
304  <tr>
305    <td>Read</td>
306    <td>one or more filenames</td>
307    <td>the number of images read</td>
308    <td>read an image or image sequence</td>
309  </tr>
310
311  <tr>
312    <td>Write</td>
313    <td>filename</td>
314    <td>the number of images written</td>
315    <td>write an image or image sequence</td>
316  </tr>
317
318  <tr>
319    <td>Display</td>
320    <td>server name</td>
321    <td>the number of images displayed</td>
322    <td>display the image or image sequence to an X server</td>
323  </tr>
324
325  <tr>
326    <td>Animate</td>
327    <td>server name</td>
328    <td>the number of images animated</td>
329    <td>animate image sequence to an X server</td>
330  </tr>
331</tbody>
332</table>
333
334<p>For convenience, methods Write(), Display(), and Animate() can take any parameter that <a href="perl-magick.html#set-attribute">SetAttribute</a> knows about. For example,</p>
335
336<pre class="highlight"><code>$image-&gt;Write(filename=&gt;'image.png', compression=&gt;'None');
337</code></pre>
338
339<p>Use <code>-</code> as the filename to method Read() to read from standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:</p>
340
341<pre class="highlight"><code>binmode STDOUT;
342$image-&gt;Write('png:-');
343</code></pre>
344
345<p>To read an image in the GIF format from a PERL filehandle, use:</p>
346
347<pre class="highlight"><code>$image = Image::Magick-&gt;new;
348open(IMAGE, 'image.gif');
349$image-&gt;Read(file=&gt;\*IMAGE);
350close(IMAGE);
351</code></pre>
352
353<p>To write an image in the PNG format to a PERL filehandle, use:</p>
354
355<pre class="highlight"><code>$filename = "image.png";
356open(IMAGE, ">$filename");
357$image-&gt;Write(file=&gt;\*IMAGE, filename=&gt;$filename);
358close(IMAGE);
359</code></pre>
360
361<p>Note, reading from or writing to a Perl filehandle may fail under Windows due to different versions of the C-runtime libraries between ImageMagick and the ActiveState Perl distributions or if one of the DLL's is linked with the /MT option.  See <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms235460.aspx">Potential Errors Passing CRT Objects Across DLL Boundaries</a> for an explanation.</p>
362
363<p>If <code>%0Nd, %0No, or %0Nx</code> appears in the filename, it is interpreted as a printf format specification and the specification is replaced with the specified decimal, octal, or hexadecimal encoding of the scene number. For example,</p>
364
365<pre class="highlight"><code>image%03d.miff
366</code></pre>
367
368<p>converts files image000.miff, image001.miff, etc.</p>
369
370<p>You can optionally add <i>Image</i> to any method name. For example, ReadImage() is an alias for method Read().</p>
371
372<h2><a class="anchor" id="manipulate"></a>Manipulate an Image</h2>
373
374<p>Once you create an image with, for example, method ReadImage() you may want to operate on it. Below is a list of all the image manipulations methods available to you with PerlMagick.  There are <a href="examples.html">examples</a> of select PerlMagick methods. Here is an example call to an image manipulation method:</p>
375
376<pre class="highlight"><code>$image-&gt;Crop(geometry=&gt;'100x100+10+20');
377$image-&gt;[$x]-&gt;Frame("100x200");
378</code></pre>
379
380<p>And here is a list of other image manipulation methods you can call:</p>
381
382<table class="table table-sm table-striped">
383<caption>Image Manipulation Methods</caption>
384<tbody>
385  <tr>
386    <th>Method</th>
387    <th style="width: 40%">Parameters</th>
388    <th style="width: 40%">Description</th>
389  </tr>
390
391  <tr>
392    <td>AdaptiveBlur</td>
393    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, bias=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
394    <td>adaptively blur the image with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).  Decrease the effect near edges.</td>
395  </tr>
396
397  <tr>
398    <td>AdaptiveResize</td>
399    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, filter=&gt;{Point, Box, Triangle, Hermite, Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, Gaussian, Quadratic, Cubic, Catrom, Mitchell, Lanczos, Bessel, Sinc}, support=&gt;<i>double</i>, blur=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
400    <td>adaptively resize image using data dependant triangulation. Specify <code>blur</code> &gt; 1 for blurry or &lt; 1 for sharp</td>
401  </tr>
402
403  <tr>
404    <td>AdaptiveSharpen</td>
405    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, bias=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
406    <td>adaptively sharpen the image with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).  Increase the effect near edges.</td>
407  </tr>
408
409  <tr>
410    <td>AdaptiveThreshold</td>
411    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, bias=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
412    <td>local adaptive thresholding.</td>
413  </tr>
414
415  <tr>
416    <td>AddNoise</td>
417    <td>noise=&gt;{Uniform, Gaussian, Multiplicative, Impulse, Laplacian, Poisson}, attenuate=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
418    <td>add noise to an image</td>
419  </tr>
420
421  <tr>
422    <td>AffineTransform</td>
423    <td>affine=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, translate=&gt;<i>float, float</i>, scale=&gt; <i>float, float</i>, rotate=&gt;<i>float</i>, skewX=&gt;<i>float</i>, skewY=&gt;<i>float</i>, interpolate={Average, Bicubic, Bilinear, Filter, Integer, Mesh, NearestNeighbor}, background=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td>
424    <td>affine transform image</td>
425  </tr>
426
427  <tr>
428    <td>Affinity</td>
429    <td>image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>, method=&gt;{None, FloydSteinberg, Riemersma}</td>
430    <td>choose a particular set of colors from this image</td>
431  </tr>
432
433  <tr>
434    <td>Annotate</td>
435    <td>text=&gt;<i>string</i>, font=&gt;<i>string</i>, family=&gt;<i>string</i>, style=&gt;{Normal, Italic, Oblique, Any}, stretch=&gt;{Normal, UltraCondensed, ExtraCondensed, Condensed, SemiCondensed, SemiExpanded, Expanded, ExtraExpanded, UltraExpanded}, weight=&gt;<i>integer</i>, pointsize=&gt;<i>integer</i>, density=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, stroke=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, strokewidth=&gt;<i>integer</i>, fill=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, undercolor=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, kerning=&gt;<i>float</i>, geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, gravity=&gt;{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}, antialias=&gt;{true, false}, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, affine=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, translate=&gt;<i>float, float</i>, scale=&gt;<i>float, float</i>, rotate=&gt;<i>float</i>. skewX=&gt;<i>float</i>, skewY=&gt; <i>float</i>, align=&gt;{Left, Center, Right}, encoding=&gt;{UTF-8}, interline-spacing=&gt;<i>double</i>, interword-spacing=&gt;<i>double</i>, direction=&gt;{right-to-left, left-to-right}</td>
436    <td>annotate an image with text. See <a href="perl-magick.html#misc">QueryFontMetrics</a> to get font metrics without rendering any text.</td>
437  </tr>
438
439  <tr>
440    <td>AutoGamma</td>
441    <td>channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
442    <td>automagically adjust gamma level of image</td>
443  </tr>
444
445  <tr>
446    <td>AutoLevel</td>
447    <td>channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
448    <td>automagically adjust color levels of image</td>
449  </tr>
450
451  <tr>
452    <td>AutoOrient</td>
453    <td><br /></td>
454    <td>adjusts an image so that its orientation is suitable for viewing (i.e. top-left orientation)</td>
455  </tr>
456
457  <tr>
458    <td>AutoThreshold</td>
459    <td>method=&gt;{Kapur, OTSU, Triangle}</td>
460    <td>automatically perform image thresholding</td>
461  </tr>
462
463  <tr>
464    <td>BlackThreshold</td>
465    <td>threshold=&gt;<i>string</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
466    <td>force all pixels below the threshold intensity into black</td>
467  </tr>
468
469  <tr>
470    <td>BlueShift</td>
471    <td>factor=&gt;<i>double</i>,</td>
472    <td>simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight.  Start with a factor of 1.5.</td>
473  </tr>
474
475  <tr>
476    <td>Blur</td>
477    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, bias=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
478    <td>reduce image noise and reduce detail levels with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</td>
479  </tr>
480
481  <tr>
482    <td>Border</td>
483    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, bordercolor=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>,  compose=&gt;{Undefined, Add, Atop, Blend, Bumpmap, Clear, ColorBurn, ColorDodge, Colorize, CopyBlack, CopyBlue, CopyCMYK, Cyan, CopyGreen, Copy, CopyMagenta, CopyAlpha, CopyRed, RGB, CopyYellow, Darken, Dst, Difference, Displace, Dissolve, DstAtop, DstIn, DstOut, DstOver, Dst, Exclusion, HardLight, Hue, In, Lighten, Luminize, Minus, Modulate, Multiply, None, Out, Overlay, Over, Plus, ReplaceCompositeOp, Saturate, Screen, SoftLight, Src, SrcAtop, SrcIn, SrcOut, SrcOver, Src, Subtract, Threshold, Xor },</td>
484    <td>surround the image with a border of color</td>
485  </tr>
486
487  <tr>
488    <td>CannyEdge</td>
489    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'lower-percent'=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'upper-percent'=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
490    <td>use a multi-stage algorithm to detect a wide range of edges in the image (e.g. CannyEdge('0x1+10%+40%')).</td>
491  </tr>
492
493  <tr>
494    <td>Charcoal</td>
495    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
496    <td>simulate a charcoal drawing</td>
497  </tr>
498
499  <tr>
500    <td>Chop</td>
501    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, gravity=&gt;{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}</td>
502    <td>chop an image</td>
503  </tr>
504
505  <tr>
506    <td>CLAHE</td>
507    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, number-bins=&gt;<i>integer</i>, clip-limit=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
508    <td>contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization. <var>width</var>, <var>height</var> divides the image into tiles.  <var>number-bins</var> is the number of histogram bins per tile (min 2, max 256).  <var>clip-limit</var> is the contrast limit for localised changes in contrast. A clip-limit of 2 to 3 is a good starting place.</td>
509  </tr>
510
511  <tr>
512    <td>Clamp</td>
513    <td>channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td>
514    <td>set each pixel whose value is below zero to zero and any the pixel whose value is above the quantum range to the quantum range (e.g. 65535) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</td>
515  </tr>
516
517  <tr>
518    <td>Clip</td>
519    <td>id=&gt;<i>name</i>, inside=&gt;<i>{true, false}</i>,</td>
520    <td>apply along a named path from the 8BIM profile.</td>
521  </tr>
522
523  <tr>
524    <td>ClipMask</td>
525    <td>mask=&gt;<i>image-handle</i></td>
526    <td>clip image as defined by the image mask</td>
527  </tr>
528
529  <tr>
530    <td>Clut</td>
531    <td>image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>,  interpolate={Average, Bicubic, Bilinear, Filter, Integer, Mesh, NearestNeighbor}, channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td>
532    <td>apply a color lookup table to an image sequence</td>
533  </tr>
534
535  <tr>
536    <td>Coalesce</td>
537    <td><br /></td>
538    <td>merge a sequence of images</td>
539  </tr>
540
541  <tr>
542    <td>Color</td>
543    <td>color=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td>
544    <td>set the entire image to this color.</td>
545  </tr>
546
547  <tr>
548    <td>ColorDecisionList</td>
549    <td>filename=&gt;<i>string</i>,</td>
550    <td>color correct with a color decision list.</td>
551  </tr>
552
553  <tr>
554    <td>Colorize</td>
555    <td>fill=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, blend=&gt;<i>string</i></td>
556    <td>colorize the image with the fill color</td>
557  </tr>
558
559  <tr>
560    <td>ColorMatrix</td>
561    <td>matrix=&gt;<i>array of float values</i></td>
562    <td>apply color correction to the image.  Although you can use variable sized matrices, typically you use a 5 x 5 for an RGBA image and a 6x6 for CMYKA.  A 6x6 matrix is required for offsets (populate the last column with normalized values).</td>
563  </tr>
564
565  <tr>
566    <td>Colorspace</td>
567    <td>colorspace=&gt;{RGB, Gray, Transparent, OHTA, XYZ, YCbCr, YCC, YIQ, YPbPr, YUV, CMYK}</td>
568    <td> set the image colorspace</td>
569  </tr>
570
571  <tr>
572    <td>Comment</td>
573    <td>string</td>
574    <td>add a comment to your image</td>
575  </tr>
576
577  <tr>
578    <td>CompareLayers</td>
579    <td>method=&gt;{any, clear, overlay}</td>
580    <td>compares each image with the next in a sequence and returns the minimum bounding region of any pixel differences it discovers.  Images do not have to be the same size, though it is best that all the images are coalesced (images are all the same size, on a flattened canvas, so as to represent exactly how a specific frame should look).</td>
581  </tr>
582
583  <tr>
584    <td>Composite</td>
585    <td>image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>, compose=&gt;{Undefined, Add, Atop, Blend, Bumpmap, Clear, ColorBurn, ColorDodge, Colorize, CopyBlack, CopyBlue, CopyCMYK, Cyan, CopyGreen, Copy, CopyMagenta, CopyAlpha, CopyRed, RGB, CopyYellow, Darken, Dst, Difference, Displace, Dissolve, DstAtop, DstIn, DstOut, DstOver, Dst, Exclusion, HardLight, Hue, In, Lighten, Luminize, Minus, Modulate, Multiply, None, Out, Overlay, Over, Plus, ReplaceCompositeOp, Saturate, Screen, SoftLight, Src, SrcAtop, SrcIn, SrcOut, SrcOver, Src, Subtract, Threshold, Xor }, mask=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>, geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, gravity=&gt;{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}, opacity=&gt;<i>integer</i>, tile=&gt;{True, False}, rotate=&gt;<i>double</i>, color=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, blend=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, interpolate=&gt;{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, filter, integer, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}, clip-to-self=&gt;{True, False}</td>
586    <td>composite one image onto another.  Use the rotate parameter in concert with the tile parameter.</td>
587  </tr>
588
589  <tr>
590    <td>ConnectedComponents</td>
591    <td>connectivity=&gt;<i>integer</i>,</td>
592    <td>connected-components uniquely labeled, choose from 4 or 8 way connectivity.</td>
593  </tr>
594
595  <tr>
596    <td>Contrast</td>
597    <td>sharpen=&gt;{True, False}</td>
598    <td>enhance or reduce the image contrast</td>
599  </tr>
600
601  <tr>
602    <td>ContrastStretch</td>
603    <td>levels=&gt;<i>string</i>, 'black-point'=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'white-point'=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td>
604    <td>improve the contrast in an image by `stretching' the range of intensity values</td>
605  </tr>
606
607  <tr>
608    <td>Convolve</td>
609    <td>coefficients=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, bias=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
610    <td>apply a convolution kernel to the image. Given a kernel <i>order</i> , you would supply <i>order*order</i> float values (e.g. 3x3 implies 9 values).</td>
611  </tr>
612
613  <tr>
614    <td>CopyPixels</td>
615    <td>image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>, geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, offset=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, gravity=&gt;{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}, dx=&gt;<i>integer</i>, dy=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
616    <td>copy pixels from the image as defined by the <code>width</code>x<code>height</code>+<code>x</code>+<code>y</code> to image at offset +<code>dx</code>,+<code>dy</code>.</td>
617  </tr>
618
619  <tr>
620    <td>Crop</td>
621    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, fuzz=&gt;<i>double</i>, gravity=&gt;{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}</td>
622    <td>crop an image</td>
623  </tr>
624
625  <tr>
626    <td>CycleColormap</td>
627    <td>amount=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
628    <td>displace image colormap by amount</td>
629  </tr>
630
631  <tr>
632    <td>Decipher</td>
633    <td>passphrase=&gt;<i>string</i></td>
634    <td>convert cipher pixels to plain pixels</td>
635  </tr>
636
637  <tr>
638    <td>Deconstruct</td>
639    <td><br /></td>
640    <td>break down an image sequence into constituent parts</td>
641  </tr>
642
643  <tr>
644    <td>Deskew</td>
645    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>string</i>,threshold=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
646    <td>straighten the image</td>
647  </tr>
648
649  <tr>
650    <td>Despeckle</td>
651    <td> </td>
652    <td>reduce the speckles within an image</td>
653  </tr>
654
655  <tr>
656    <td>Difference</td>
657    <td>image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i></td>
658    <td>compute the difference metrics between two images </td>
659  </tr>
660
661  <tr>
662    <td>Distort</td>
663    <td>points=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, method=&gt;{Affine, AffineProjection, ScaleRotateTranslate, SRT, Perspective, PerspectiveProjection, BilinearForward, BilinearReverse, Polynomial, Arc, Polar, DePolar, Barrel, BarrelInverse, Shepards, Resize}, 'virtual-pixel'=&gt;{Background Black Constant Dither Edge Gray Mirror Random Tile Transparent White}, 'best-fit'=&gt;{True, False}</td>
664    <td>distort image</td>
665  </tr>
666
667  <tr>
668    <td>Draw</td>
669    <td>primitive=&gt;{point, line, rectangle, arc, ellipse, circle, path, polyline, polygon, bezier, color, matte, text, @<i>filename</i>}, points=&gt;<i>string</i> , method=&gt;<i>{Point, Replace, Floodfill, FillToBorder, Reset}</i>, stroke=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, fill=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, font=&gt;<i>string</i>, pointsize=&gt;<i>integer</i>, strokewidth=&gt;<i>float</i>, antialias=&gt;{true, false}, bordercolor=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, x=&gt;<i>float</i>, y=&gt;<i>float</i>, dash-offset=&gt;<i>float</i>, dash-pattern=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, affine=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, translate=&gt;<i>float, float</i>, scale=&gt;<i>float, float</i>, rotate=&gt;<i>float</i>,  skewX=&gt;<i>float</i>, skewY=&gt;<i>float</i>, interpolate=&gt;{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}, kerning=&gt;<i>float</i>, text=&gt;<i>string</i>, vector-graphics=&gt;<i>string</i>, interline-spacing=&gt;<i>double</i>, interword-spacing=&gt;<i>double</i>, direction=&gt;{right-to-left, left-to-right}</td>
670    <td>annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</td>
671  </tr>
672
673  <tr>
674    <td>Encipher</td>
675    <td>passphrase=&gt;<i>string</i></td>
676    <td>convert plain pixels to cipher pixels</td>
677  </tr>
678
679  <tr>
680    <td>Edge</td>
681    <td>radius=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
682    <td>enhance edges within the image with a convolution filter of the given radius.</td>
683  </tr>
684
685  <tr>
686    <td>Emboss</td>
687    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
688    <td>emboss the image with a convolution filter of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</td>
689  </tr>
690
691  <tr>
692    <td>Enhance</td>
693    <td><br /></td>
694    <td>apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image</td>
695  </tr>
696
697  <tr>
698    <td>Equalize</td>
699    <td>channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}<br /></td>
700    <td>perform histogram equalization to the image</td>
701  </tr>
702
703  <tr>
704    <td>Extent</td>
705    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, fuzz=&gt;<i>double</i>, background=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, gravity=&gt;{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}</td>
706    <td>set the image size</td>
707  </tr>
708
709  <tr>
710    <td>Evaluate</td>
711    <td>value=&gt;<i>double</i>, operator=&gt;<i>{Add, And, Divide, LeftShift, Max, Min, Multiply, Or, Rightshift, RMS, Subtract, Xor}</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow} </td>
712    <td>apply an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression to the image</td>
713  </tr>
714
715  <tr>
716    <td>Filter</td>
717    <td>kernel=&gt;<i>string</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, bias=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
718    <td>apply a convolution kernel to the image.</td>
719  </tr>
720
721  <tr>
722    <td>Flip</td>
723    <td><br /></td>
724    <td>reflect the image scanlines in the vertical direction</td>
725  </tr>
726
727  <tr>
728    <td>Flop</td>
729    <td><br /></td>
730    <td>reflect the image scanlines in the horizontal direction</td>
731  </tr>
732
733  <tr>
734    <td>FloodfillPaint</td>
735    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i> , fill=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, bordercolor=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, fuzz=&gt;<i>double</i>, invert=&gt;{True, False}</td>
736    <td>changes the color value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor. If you specify a border color, the color value is changed for any neighbor pixel that is not that color.</td>
737  </tr>
738
739  <tr>
740    <td>ForwardFourierTransform</td>
741    <td>magnitude=&gt;{True, False}</td>
742    <td>implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT)</td>
743  </tr>
744
745  <tr>
746    <td>Frame</td>
747    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, inner=&gt;<i>integer</i>, outer=&gt;<i>integer</i>, fill=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>,  compose=&gt;{Undefined, Add, Atop, Blend, Bumpmap, Clear, ColorBurn, ColorDodge, Colorize, CopyBlack, CopyBlue, CopyCMYK, Cyan, CopyGreen, Copy, CopyMagenta, CopyAlpha, CopyRed, RGB, CopyYellow, Darken, Dst, Difference, Displace, Dissolve, DstAtop, DstIn, DstOut, DstOver, Dst, Exclusion, HardLight, Hue, In, Lighten, Luminize, Minus, Modulate, Multiply, None, Out, Overlay, Over, Plus, ReplaceCompositeOp, Saturate, Screen, SoftLight, Src, SrcAtop, SrcIn, SrcOut, SrcOver, Src, Subtract, Threshold, Xor },</td>
748    <td>surround the image with an ornamental border</td>
749  </tr>
750
751  <tr>
752    <td>Function</td>
753    <td>parameters=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, function=&gt;{Sin}, 'virtual-pixel'=&gt;{Background Black Constant Dither Edge Gray Mirror Random Tile Transparent White}</td>
754    <td>apply a function to the image</td>
755  </tr>
756
757  <tr>
758    <td>Gamma</td>
759    <td>gamma=&gt;<i>string</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
760    <td>gamma correct the image</td>
761  </tr>
762
763  <tr>
764    <td>GaussianBlur</td>
765    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, bias=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
766    <td>reduce image noise and reduce detail levels with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</td>
767  </tr>
768
769  <tr>
770    <td>GetPixel</td>
771    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, normalize=&gt;{true, false}, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
772    <td>get a single pixel. By default normalized pixel values are returned.</td>
773  </tr>
774
775  <tr>
776    <td>GetPixels</td>
777    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, map=&gt;<i>string</i>, normalize=&gt;{true, false}</td>
778    <td>get image pixels as defined by the map (e.g. "RGB", "RGBA", etc.).  By default non-normalized pixel values are returned.</td>
779  </tr>
780
781  <tr>
782    <td>Grayscale</td>
783    <td>channel=&gt;{Average, Brightness, Lightness, Rec601Luma, Rec601Luminance, Rec709Luma, Rec709Luminance, RMS}</td>
784    <td>convert image to grayscale</td>
785  </tr>
786
787  <tr>
788    <td>HaldClut</td>
789    <td>image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>,  channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td>
790    <td>apply a Hald color lookup table to an image sequence</td>
791  </tr>
792
793  <tr>
794    <td>HoughLine</td>
795    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>double</i>, height=&gt;<i>double</i>, threshold=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
796    <td>identify lines in the image (e.g. HoughLine('9x9+195')).</td>
797  </tr>
798
799  <tr>
800    <td>Identify</td>
801    <td>file=&gt;<i>file</i>, features=&gt;<i>distance</i>, unique=&gt;{True, False}</td>
802    <td>identify the attributes of an image</td>
803  </tr>
804
805  <tr>
806    <td>Implode</td>
807    <td>amount=&gt;<i>double</i>, interpolate=&gt;{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}</td>
808    <td>implode image pixels about the center</td>
809  </tr>
810
811  <tr>
812    <td>InverseDiscreteFourierTransform</td>
813    <td>magnitude=&gt;{True, False}</td>
814    <td>implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT)</td>
815  </tr>
816
817  <tr>
818    <td>Kuwahara</td>
819    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, bias=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
820    <td>edge preserving noise reduction filter</td>
821  </tr>
822
823  <tr>
824    <td>Label</td>
825    <td>string</td>
826    <td>assign a label to an image</td>
827  </tr>
828
829  <tr>
830    <td>Layers</td>
831    <td>method=&gt;{coalesce, compare-any, compare-clear, compare-over, composite, dispose, flatten, merge, mosaic, optimize, optimize-image, optimize-plus, optimize-trans, remove-dups, remove-zero},  compose=&gt;{Undefined, Add, Atop, Blend, Bumpmap, Clear, ColorBurn, ColorDodge, Colorize, CopyBlack, CopyBlue, CopyCMYK, Cyan, CopyGreen, Copy, CopyMagenta, CopyAlpha, CopyRed, RGB, CopyYellow, Darken, Dst, Difference, Displace, Dissolve, DstAtop, DstIn, DstOut, DstOver, Dst, Exclusion, HardLight, Hue, In, Lighten, LinearLight, Luminize, Minus, Modulate, Multiply, None, Out, Overlay, Over, Plus, ReplaceCompositeOp, Saturate, Screen, SoftLight, Src, SrcAtop, SrcIn, SrcOut, SrcOver, Src, Subtract, Threshold, Xor }, dither=&gt;{true, false}</td>
832    <td>compare each image the GIF disposed forms of the previous image in the sequence.  From this, attempt to select the smallest cropped image to replace each frame, while preserving the results of the animation.</td>
833  </tr>
834
835  <tr>
836    <td>Level</td>
837    <td>levels=&gt;<i>string</i>, 'black-point'=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'gamma'=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'white-point'=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td>
838    <td>adjust the level of image contrast</td>
839  </tr>
840
841  <tr>
842    <td>LevelColors</td>
843    <td>invert=&gt;&gt;{True, False}, 'black-point'=&gt;<i>string</i>,  'white-point'=&gt;<i>string</i>, channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td>
844    <td>level image with the given colors</td>
845  </tr>
846
847  <tr>
848    <td>LinearStretch</td>
849    <td>levels=&gt;<i>string</i>, 'black-point'=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'white-point'=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
850    <td>linear with saturation stretch</td>
851  </tr>
852
853  <tr>
854    <td>LiquidResize</td>
855    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, delta-x=&gt;<i>double</i>, rigidity=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
856    <td>rescale image with seam-carving.</td>
857  </tr>
858
859  <tr>
860    <td>Magnify</td>
861    <td><br /></td>
862    <td>double the size of the image with pixel art scaling</td>
863  </tr>
864
865  <tr>
866    <td>Mask</td>
867    <td>mask=&gt;<i>image-handle</i></td>
868    <td>composite image pixels as defined by the mask</td>
869  </tr>
870
871  <tr>
872    <td>MatteFloodfill</td>
873    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i> , matte=&gt;<i>integer</i>, bordercolor=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, fuzz=&gt;<i>double</i>, invert=&gt;{True, False}</td>
874    <td>changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor. If you specify a border color, the matte value is changed for any neighbor pixel that is not that color.</td>
875  </tr>
876
877  <tr>
878    <td>MeanShift</td>
879    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>double</i>, height=&gt;<i>double</i>, distance=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
880    <td>delineate arbitrarily shaped clusters in the image (e.g. MeanShift('7x7+10%')).</td>
881  </tr>
882
883  <tr>
884    <td>MedianFilter</td>
885    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
886    <td>replace each pixel with the median intensity pixel of a neighborhood.</td>
887  </tr>
888
889  <tr>
890    <td>Minify</td>
891    <td><br /></td>
892    <td>half the size of an image</td>
893  </tr>
894
895  <tr>
896    <td>Mode</td>
897    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
898    <td>make each pixel the <var>predominant color</var> of the neighborhood.</td>
899  </tr>
900
901  <tr>
902    <td>Modulate</td>
903    <td>factor=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, brightness=&gt;<i>double</i>, saturation=&gt;<i>double</i>, hue=&gt;<i>double</i>, lightness=&gt;<i>double</i>, whiteness=&gt;<i>double</i>, blackness=&gt;<i>double</i> </td>
904    <td>vary the brightness, saturation, and hue of an image by the specified percentage</td>
905  </tr>
906
907  <tr>
908    <td>Morphology</td>
909    <td>kernel=&gt;<i>string</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, iterations=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
910    <td>apply a morphology method to the image.</td>
911  </tr>
912
913  <tr>
914    <td>MotionBlur</td>
915    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, angle=&gt;<i>double</i>, bias=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
916    <td>reduce image noise and reduce detail levels with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma) at the given angle to simulate the effect of motion</td>
917  </tr>
918
919  <tr>
920    <td>Negate</td>
921    <td>gray=&gt;{True, False}, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
922    <td>replace each pixel with its complementary color (white becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc.)</td>
923  </tr>
924
925  <tr>
926    <td>Normalize</td>
927    <td>channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}<br /></td>
928    <td>transform image to span the full range of color values</td>
929  </tr>
930
931  <tr>
932    <td>OilPaint</td>
933    <td>radius=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
934    <td>simulate an oil painting</td>
935  </tr>
936
937  <tr>
938    <td>Opaque</td>
939    <td>color=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>,
940fill=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, invert=&gt;{True, False}</td>
941    <td>change this color to the fill color within the image</td>
942  </tr>
943
944  <tr>
945    <td>OrderedDither</td>
946    <td>threshold=&gt;{threshold, checks, o2x2, o3x3, o4x4, o8x8, h4x4a, h6x6a, h8x8a, h4x4o, h6x6o, h8x8o, h16x16o, hlines6x4}, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
947    <td>order dither image</td>
948  </tr>
949
950  <tr>
951    <td>Perceptible</td>
952    <td>epsilon=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td>
953    <td>set each pixel whose value is less than |<var>epsilon</var>| to <var>-epsilon</var> or <var>epsilon</var> (whichever is closer) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged..</td>
954  </tr>
955
956  <tr>
957    <td>Polaroid</td>
958    <td>caption=&gt;<i>string</i>, angle=&gt;<i>double</i>, pointsize=&gt;<i>double</i>, font=&gt;<i>string</i>, stroke=&gt; <i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, strokewidth=&gt;<i>integer</i>, fill=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, gravity=&gt;{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast},  background=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td>
959    <td>simulate a Polaroid picture.</td>
960  </tr>
961
962  <tr>
963    <td>Posterize</td>
964    <td>levels=&gt;<i>integer</i>, dither=&gt;{True, False}</td>
965    <td>reduce the image to a limited number of color level</td>
966  </tr>
967
968  <tr>
969    <td>Profile</td>
970    <td>name=&gt;<i>string</i>, profile=&gt;<i>blob</i>, rendering-intent=&gt;{Undefined, Saturation, Perceptual, Absolute, Relative}, black-point-compensation=&gt;{True, False}</td>
971    <td>add or remove ICC or IPTC image profile; name is formal name (e.g. ICC or filename; set profile to <code>''</code> to remove profile</td>
972  </tr>
973
974  <tr>
975    <td>Quantize</td>
976    <td>colors=&gt;<i>integer</i>, colorspace=&gt;{RGB, Gray, Transparent, OHTA, XYZ, YCbCr, YIQ, YPbPr, YUV, CMYK, sRGB, HSL, HSB}, treedepth=&gt; <i>integer</i>, dither=&gt;{True, False}, dither-method=&gt;{Riemersma, Floyd-Steinberg}, measure_error=&gt;{True, False}, global_colormap=&gt;{True, False}, transparent-color=&gt;<i>color</i></td>
977    <td>preferred number of colors in the image</td>
978  </tr>
979
980  <tr>
981    <td>Raise</td>
982    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, raise=&gt;{True, False}</td>
983    <td>lighten or darken image edges to create a 3-D effect</td>
984  </tr>
985
986  <tr>
987    <td>RangeThreshold</td>
988    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, 'low-black'=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'low-white'=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'high-white'=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'high-black'=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
989    <td>combine soft and hard image thresholding.</td>
990  </tr>
991
992  <tr>
993    <td>ReduceNoise</td>
994    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
995    <td>reduce noise in the image with a noise peak elimination filter</td>
996  </tr>
997
998  <tr>
999    <td>Remap</td>
1000    <td>image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>,  dither=&gt;{true, false}, dither-method=&gt;{Riemersma, Floyd-Steinberg}</td>
1001    <td>replace the colors of an image with the closest color from a reference image.</td>
1002  </tr>
1003
1004  <tr>
1005    <td>Resample</td>
1006    <td>density=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, x=&gt;<i>double</i>, y=&gt;<i>double</i>, filter=&gt;{Point, Box, Triangle, Hermite, Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, Gaussian, Quadratic, Cubic, Catrom, Mitchell, Lanczos, Bessel, Sinc}, support=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
1007    <td>resample image to desired resolution. Specify <code>blur</code> &gt; 1 for blurry or &lt; 1 for sharp</td>
1008  </tr>
1009
1010  <tr>
1011    <td>Resize</td>
1012    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, filter=&gt;{Point, Box, Triangle, Hermite, Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, Gaussian, Quadratic, Cubic, Catrom, Mitchell, Lanczos, Bessel, Sinc}, support=&gt;<i>double</i>, blur=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
1013    <td>scale image to desired size. Specify <code>blur</code> &gt; 1 for blurry or &lt; 1 for sharp</td>
1014  </tr>
1015
1016  <tr>
1017    <td>Roll</td>
1018    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1019    <td>roll an image vertically or horizontally</td>
1020  </tr>
1021
1022  <tr>
1023    <td>Rotate</td>
1024    <td>degrees=&gt;<i>double</i>, background=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1025    <td>rotate an image</td>
1026  </tr>
1027
1028  <tr>
1029    <td>RotationalBlur</td>
1030    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, angle=&gt;<i>double</i>, bias=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
1031    <td>radial blur the image.</td>
1032  </tr>
1033
1034  <tr>
1035    <td>Sample</td>
1036    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1037    <td>scale image with pixel sampling.</td>
1038  </tr>
1039
1040  <tr>
1041    <td>Scale</td>
1042    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1043    <td>scale image to desired size</td>
1044  </tr>
1045
1046  <tr>
1047    <td>Segment</td>
1048    <td>colorspace=&gt;{RGB, Gray, Transparent, OHTA, XYZ, YCbCr, YCC, YIQ, YPbPr, YUV, CMYK}, verbose={True, False}, cluster-threshold=&gt;<i>double</i>, smoothing-threshold=<i>double</i></td>
1049    <td>segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous</td>
1050  </tr>
1051
1052  <tr>
1053    <td>SelectiveBlur</td>
1054    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, threshold=&gt;<i>double</i>, bias=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
1055    <td>selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</td>
1056  </tr>
1057  <tr>
1058    <td>Separate</td>
1059    <td>channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, All, etc.}</td>
1060    <td>separate a channel from the image into a grayscale image</td>
1061  </tr>
1062
1063  <tr>
1064    <td>Shade</td>
1065    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, azimuth=&gt;<i>double</i>, elevation=&gt;<i>double</i>, gray=&gt;{true, false}</td>
1066    <td>shade the image using a distant light source</td>
1067  </tr>
1068
1069  <tr>
1070    <td>SetPixel</td>
1071    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, color=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, color=&gt;<i>array of float values</i></td>
1072    <td>set the value a single pixel. Normalized pixel values are expected.</td>
1073  </tr>
1074
1075  <tr>
1076    <td>SetPixels</td>
1077    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, color=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, color=&gt;<i>array of float values</i></td>
1078    <td>set the value of one or more pixels.  Normalized pixel values are expected.</td>
1079  </tr>
1080
1081  <tr>
1082    <td>Shadow</td>
1083    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, opacity=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1084    <td>simulate an image shadow</td>
1085  </tr>
1086
1087  <tr>
1088    <td>Sharpen</td>
1089    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, bias=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
1090    <td>sharpen the image with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</td>
1091  </tr>
1092
1093  <tr>
1094    <td>Shave</td>
1095    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1096    <td>shave pixels from the image edges</td>
1097  </tr>
1098
1099  <tr>
1100    <td>Shear</td>
1101    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, x=&gt;<i>double</i>, y=&gt;<i>double</i> fill=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1102    <td>shear the image along the X or Y axis by a positive or negative shear angle</td>
1103  </tr>
1104
1105  <tr>
1106    <td>SigmoidalContrast</td>
1107    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>string</i>, 'contrast'=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'mid-point'=&gt;<i>double</i> channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, All, etc.}, sharpen=&gt;{True, False}</td>
1108    <td>sigmoidal non-lineraity contrast control.  Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function without saturating highlights or shadows. <var>Contrast</var> indicates how much to increase the contrast (0 is none; 3 is typical; 20 is a lot);  <var>mid-point</var> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). To decrease contrast, set sharpen to False.</td>
1109  </tr>
1110
1111  <tr>
1112    <td>Signature</td>
1113    <td><br /></td>
1114    <td>generate an SHA-256 message digest for the image pixel stream</td>
1115  </tr>
1116
1117  <tr>
1118    <td>Sketch</td>
1119    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, angle=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
1120    <td>sketch the image with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma) at the given angle</td>
1121  </tr>
1122
1123  <tr>
1124    <td>Solarize</td>
1125    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>string</i>, threshold=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
1126    <td>negate all pixels above the threshold level</td>
1127  </tr>
1128
1129  <tr>
1130    <td>SparseColor</td>
1131    <td>points=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, method=&gt;{Barycentric, Bilinear, Shepards, Voronoi}, 'virtual-pixel'=&gt;{Background Black Constant Dither Edge Gray Mirror Random Tile Transparent White}</td>
1132    <td>interpolate the image colors around the supplied points</td>
1133  </tr>
1134
1135  <tr>
1136    <td>Splice</td>
1137    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, fuzz=&gt;<i>double</i>, background=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, gravity=&gt;{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}</td>
1138    <td>splice an image</td>
1139  </tr>
1140
1141  <tr>
1142    <td>Spread</td>
1143    <td>radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, interpolate=&gt;{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}</td>
1144    <td>displace image pixels by a random amount</td>
1145  </tr>
1146
1147  <tr>
1148    <td>Statistic</td>
1149    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}, type=&gt;{Median, Mode, Mean, Maximum, Minimum, ReduceNoise, RMS}</td>
1150    <td>replace each pixel with corresponding statistic from the neighborhood.</td>
1151  </tr>
1152  <tr>
1153    <td>Stegano</td>
1154    <td>image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>, offset=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1155    <td>hide a digital watermark within the image</td>
1156  </tr>
1157
1158  <tr>
1159    <td>Stereo</td>
1160    <td>image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1161    <td>composites two images and produces a single image that is the composite of a left and right image of a stereo pair</td>
1162  </tr>
1163
1164  <tr>
1165    <td>Strip</td>
1166    <td><br /></td>
1167    <td>strip an image of all profiles and comments.</td>
1168  </tr>
1169
1170  <tr>
1171    <td>Swirl</td>
1172    <td>degrees=&gt;<i>double</i>, interpolate=&gt;{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}</td>
1173    <td>swirl image pixels about the center</td>
1174  </tr>
1175
1176  <tr>
1177    <td>Texture</td>
1178    <td>texture=&gt;<i>image-handle</i></td>
1179    <td>name of texture to tile onto the image background</td>
1180  </tr>
1181
1182  <tr>
1183    <td>Thumbnail</td>
1184    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1185    <td>changes the size of an image to the given dimensions and removes any associated profiles.</td>
1186  </tr>
1187
1188  <tr>
1189    <td>Threshold</td>
1190    <td>threshold=&gt;<i>string</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
1191    <td>threshold the image</td>
1192  </tr>
1193
1194  <tr>
1195    <td>Tint</td>
1196    <td>fill=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, blend=&gt;<i>string</i></td>
1197    <td>tint the image with the fill color.</td>
1198  </tr>
1199
1200  <tr>
1201    <td>Transparent</td>
1202    <td>color=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i>, invert=&gt;{True, False}</td>
1203    <td>make this color transparent within the image</td>
1204  </tr>
1205
1206  <tr>
1207    <td>Transpose</td>
1208    <td><br /></td>
1209    <td>flip image in the vertical direction and rotate 90 degrees</td>
1210  </tr>
1211
1212  <tr>
1213    <td>Transverse</td>
1214    <td><br /></td>
1215    <td>flop image in the horizontal direction and rotate 270 degrees</td>
1216  </tr>
1217
1218  <tr>
1219    <td>Trim</td>
1220    <td><br /></td>
1221    <td>remove edges that are the background color from the image</td>
1222  </tr>
1223
1224  <tr>
1225    <td>UnsharpMask</td>
1226    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, gain=&gt;<i>double</i>, threshold=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
1227    <td>sharpen the image with the unsharp mask algorithm.</td>
1228  </tr>
1229
1230  <tr>
1231    <td>Vignette</td>
1232    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, background=&gt;<i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1233    <td>offset the edges of the image in vignette style</td>
1234  </tr>
1235
1236  <tr>
1237    <td>Wave</td>
1238    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, amplitude=&gt;<i>double</i>, wavelength=&gt;<i>double</i>, interpolate=&gt;{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}</td>
1239    <td>alter an image along a sine wave</td>
1240  </tr>
1241
1242  <tr>
1243    <td>WaveDenoise</td>
1244    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, threshold=&gt;<i>double</i>, threshold=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
1245    <td>removes noise from the image using a wavelet transform</td>
1246  </tr>
1247
1248  <tr>
1249    <td>WhiteThreshold</td>
1250    <td>threshold=&gt;<i>string</i>, , channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Alpha, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
1251    <td>force all pixels above the threshold intensity into white</td>
1252  </tr>
1253</tbody>
1254</table>
1255
1256<p>Note, that the <code>geometry</code> parameter is a short cut for the <code>width</code> and <code>height</code> parameters (e.g.  <code>geometry=&gt;'106x80'</code> is equivalent to <code>width=&gt;106, height=&gt;80</code> ).</p>
1257
1258<p>You can specify <code>@filename</code> in both Annotate() and Draw(). This reads the text or graphic primitive instructions from a file on disk. For example,</p>
1259
1260<pre class="highlight"><code>image-&gt;Draw(fill=&gt;'red', primitive=&gt;'rectangle',
1261 points=&gt;'20,20 100,100  40,40 200,200  60,60 300,300');
1262</code></pre>
1263
1264<p>Is equivalent to</p>
1265
1266<pre class="highlight"><code>$image-&gt;Draw(fill=&gt;'red', primitive=&gt;'@draw.txt');
1267</code></pre>
1268
1269<p>Where <code>draw.txt</code> is a file on disk that contains this:</p>
1270
1271<pre class="highlight"><code>rectangle 20, 20 100, 100
1272rectangle 40, 40 200, 200
1273rectangle 60, 60 300, 300
1274</code></pre>
1275
1276<p>The <i>text</i> parameter for methods, Annotate(), Comment(), Draw(), and Label() can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding these special format characters:</p>
1277
1278<pre class="pre-scrollable"><code>%b   file size
1279%c   comment
1280%d   directory
1281%e   filename extension
1282%f   filename
1283%g   page geometry
1284%h   height
1285%i   input filename
1286%k   number of unique colors
1287%l   label
1288%m   magick
1289%n   number of scenes
1290%o   output filename
1291%p   page number
1292%q   quantum depth
1293%r   image class and colorspace
1294%s   scene number
1295%t   top of filename
1296%u   unique temporary filename
1297%w   width
1298%x   x resolution
1299%y   y resolution
1300%z   image depth
1301%C   image compression type
1302%D   image dispose method
1303%H   page height
1304%Q   image compression quality
1305%T   image delay
1306%W   page width
1307%X   page x offset
1308%Y   page y offset
1309%@   bounding box
1310%#   signature
1311%%   a percent sign
1312\n   newline
1313\r   carriage return
1314</code></pre>
1315
1316<p>For example,</p>
1317
1318<pre class="highlight"><code>text=&gt;"%m:%f %wx%h"
1319</code></pre>
1320
1321<p>produces an annotation of <b>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</b> for an image titled <b>bird.miff</b> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
1322
1323<p>You can optionally add <i>Image</i> to any method name. For example, TrimImage() is an alias for method Trim().</p>
1324
1325<p>Most of the attributes listed above have an analog in <a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>. See the documentation for a more detailed description of these attributes.</p>
1326
1327<h2><a class="anchor" id="set-attribute"></a>Set an Image Attribute</h2>
1328
1329<p>Use method Set() to set an image attribute. For example,</p>
1330
1331<pre class="highlight"><code>$image-&gt;Set(dither=&gt;'True');
1332$image-&gt;[$x]-&gt;Set(delay=&gt;3);
1333</code></pre>
1334
1335<p>Where this example uses 'True' and this document says '{True, False}',
1336you can use the case-insensitive strings 'True' and 'False', or you
1337can use the integers 1 and 0.</p>
1338
1339<p>When you call Get() on a Boolean attribute, Image::Magick returns 1 or 0, not a string.</p>
1340
1341<p>And here is a list of all the image attributes you can set:</p>
1342
1343<table class="table table-sm table-striped">
1344  <caption>Image Attributes</caption>
1345  <tbody>
1346  <tr>
1347    <th>Attribute</th>
1348    <th style="width: 40%">Values</th>
1349    <th style="width: 40%">Description</th>
1350  </tr>
1351
1352  <tr>
1353    <td>adjoin</td>
1354    <td>{True, False}</td>
1355    <td>join images into a single multi-image file</td>
1356  </tr>
1357
1358  <tr>
1359    <td>alpha</td>
1360    <td>{On, Off, Opaque, Transparent, Copy, Extract, Set}</td>
1361    <td>control of and special operations involving the alpha/matte channel</td>
1362  </tr>
1363
1364  <tr>
1365    <td>antialias</td>
1366    <td>{True, False}</td>
1367    <td>remove pixel aliasing</td>
1368  </tr>
1369
1370  <tr>
1371    <td>area-limit</td>
1372    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1373    <td>set pixel area resource limit.</td>
1374  </tr>
1375
1376  <tr>
1377    <td>attenuate</td>
1378    <td><i>double</i></td>
1379    <td>lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</td>
1380  </tr>
1381
1382  <tr>
1383    <td>authenticate</td>
1384    <td><i>string</i></td>
1385    <td>decrypt image with this password.</td>
1386  </tr>
1387
1388  <tr>
1389    <td>background</td>
1390    <td><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1391    <td>image background color</td>
1392  </tr>
1393
1394  <tr>
1395    <td>blue-primary</td>
1396    <td><i>x-value</i>, <i>y-value</i></td>
1397    <td>chromaticity blue primary point (e.g. 0.15, 0.06)</td>
1398  </tr>
1399
1400  <tr>
1401    <td>bordercolor</td>
1402    <td><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1403    <td>set the image border color</td>
1404  </tr>
1405
1406  <tr>
1407    <td>clip-mask</td>
1408    <td><i>image</i></td>
1409    <td>associate a clip mask with the image.</td>
1410  </tr>
1411
1412  <tr>
1413    <td>colormap[<i>i</i>]</td>
1414    <td><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1415    <td>color name (e.g. red) or hex value (e.g. #ccc) at position
1416<i>i</i></td>
1417  </tr>
1418
1419  <tr>
1420    <td>comment</td>
1421    <td><i>string</i></td>
1422    <td>set the image comment</td>
1423  </tr>
1424
1425  <tr>
1426    <td>compression</td>
1427    <td>{None, BZip, Fax, Group4, JPEG, JPEG2000, LosslessJPEG, LZW, RLE, Zip}</td>
1428    <td>type of image compression</td>
1429  </tr>
1430
1431  <tr>
1432    <td>debug</td>
1433    <td>{All, Annotate, Blob, Cache, Coder, Configure, Deprecate, Draw, Exception, Locale, None, Resource, Transform, X11}</td>
1434    <td>display copious debugging information</td>
1435  </tr>
1436
1437  <tr>
1438    <td>delay</td>
1439    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1440    <td>this many 1/100ths of a second must expire before displaying the next image in a sequence</td>
1441  </tr>
1442
1443  <tr>
1444    <td>density</td>
1445    <td><i>geometry</i></td>
1446    <td>vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image</td>
1447  </tr>
1448
1449  <tr>
1450    <td>depth</td>
1451    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1452    <td>image depth</td>
1453  </tr>
1454
1455  <tr>
1456    <td>direction</td>
1457    <td><i>{Undefined, right-to-left, left-to-right</i></td>
1458    <td>render text right-to-left or left-to-right</td>
1459  </tr>
1460
1461  <tr>
1462    <td>disk-limit</td>
1463    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1464    <td>set disk resource limit</td>
1465  </tr>
1466
1467  <tr>
1468    <td>dispose</td>
1469    <td><i>{Undefined, None, Background, Previous}</i></td>
1470    <td>layer disposal method</td>
1471  </tr>
1472
1473  <tr>
1474    <td>dither</td>
1475    <td>{True, False}</td>
1476    <td>apply error diffusion to the image</td>
1477  </tr>
1478
1479  <tr>
1480    <td>display</td>
1481    <td><i>string</i></td>
1482    <td>specifies the X server to contact</td>
1483  </tr>
1484
1485  <tr>
1486    <td>extract</td>
1487    <td><i>geometry</i></td>
1488    <td>extract area from image</td>
1489  </tr>
1490
1491  <tr>
1492    <td>file</td>
1493    <td><i>filehandle</i></td>
1494    <td>set the image filehandle</td>
1495  </tr>
1496
1497  <tr>
1498    <td>filename</td>
1499    <td><i>string</i></td>
1500    <td>set the image filename</td>
1501  </tr>
1502
1503  <tr>
1504    <td>fill</td>
1505    <td><i>color</i></td>
1506    <td>The fill color paints any areas inside the outline of drawn shape.</td>
1507  </tr>
1508
1509  <tr>
1510    <td>font</td>
1511    <td><i>string</i></td>
1512    <td>use this font when annotating the image with text</td>
1513  </tr>
1514
1515  <tr>
1516    <td>fuzz</td>
1517    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1518    <td>colors within this distance are considered equal</td>
1519  </tr>
1520
1521  <tr>
1522    <td>gamma</td>
1523    <td><i>double</i></td>
1524    <td>gamma level of the image</td>
1525  </tr>
1526
1527  <tr>
1528    <td>Gravity</td>
1529    <td>{Forget, NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}</td>
1530    <td>type of image gravity</td>
1531  </tr>
1532
1533  <tr>
1534    <td>green-primary</td>
1535    <td><i>x-value</i>, <i>y-value</i></td>
1536    <td>chromaticity green primary point (e.g. 0.3, 0.6)</td>
1537  </tr>
1538
1539  <tr>
1540    <td>index[<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>]</td>
1541    <td><i>string</i></td>
1542    <td>colormap index at position (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>)</td>
1543  </tr>
1544
1545  <tr>
1546    <td>interlace</td>
1547    <td>{None, Line, Plane, Partition, JPEG, GIF, PNG}</td>
1548    <td>the type of interlacing scheme</td>
1549  </tr>
1550
1551  <tr>
1552    <td>iterations</td>
1553    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1554    <td>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation</td>
1555  </tr>
1556
1557  <tr>
1558    <td>label</td>
1559    <td><i>string</i></td>
1560    <td>set the image label</td>
1561  </tr>
1562
1563  <tr>
1564    <td>loop</td>
1565    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1566    <td>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation</td>
1567  </tr>
1568
1569  <tr>
1570    <td>magick</td>
1571    <td><i>string</i></td>
1572    <td>set the image format</td>
1573  </tr>
1574
1575  <tr>
1576    <td>map-limit</td>
1577    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1578    <td>set map resource limit</td>
1579  </tr>
1580
1581  <tr>
1582    <td>mask</td>
1583    <td><i>image</i></td>
1584    <td>associate a mask with the image.</td>
1585  </tr>
1586
1587  <tr>
1588    <td>matte</td>
1589    <td>{True, False}</td>
1590    <td>enable the image matte channel</td>
1591  </tr>
1592
1593  <tr>
1594    <td>mattecolor</td>
1595    <td><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1596    <td>set the image matte color</td>
1597  </tr>
1598
1599  <tr>
1600    <td>memory-limit</td>
1601    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1602    <td>set memory resource limit</td>
1603  </tr>
1604
1605  <tr>
1606    <td>monochrome</td>
1607    <td>{True, False}</td>
1608    <td>transform the image to black and white</td>
1609  </tr>
1610
1611  <tr>
1612    <td>option</td>
1613    <td><i>string</i></td>
1614    <td>associate an option with an image format (e.g.  option=&gt;'ps:imagemask'</td>
1615  </tr>
1616
1617  <tr>
1618    <td>orientation</td>
1619    <td>{top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left, left-top, right-top, right-bottom, left-bottom}</td>
1620    <td>image orientation</td>
1621  </tr>
1622
1623  <tr>
1624    <td>page</td>
1625    <td>{ Letter, Tabloid, Ledger, Legal, Statement, Executive, A3, A4, A5, B4, B5, Folio, Quarto, 10x14} or <i>geometry</i></td>
1626    <td>preferred size and location of an image canvas</td>
1627  </tr>
1628
1629  <tr>
1630    <td>pixel[<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>]</td>
1631    <td><i>string</i></td>
1632    <td>hex value (e.g. #ccc) at position (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>)</td>
1633  </tr>
1634
1635  <tr>
1636    <td>pointsize</td>
1637    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1638    <td>pointsize of the Postscript or TrueType font</td>
1639  </tr>
1640
1641  <tr>
1642    <td>quality</td>
1643    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1644    <td>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level</td>
1645  </tr>
1646
1647  <tr>
1648    <td>red-primary</td>
1649    <td><i>x-value</i>, <i>y-value</i></td>
1650    <td>chromaticity red primary point (e.g. 0.64, 0.33)</td>
1651  </tr>
1652
1653  <tr>
1654    <td>sampling-factor</td>
1655    <td><i>geometry</i></td>
1656    <td>horizontal and vertical sampling factor</td>
1657  </tr>
1658
1659  <tr>
1660    <td>scene</td>
1661    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1662    <td>image scene number</td>
1663  </tr>
1664
1665  <tr>
1666    <td>server</td>
1667    <td><i>string</i></td>
1668    <td>specifies the X server to contact</td>
1669  </tr>
1670
1671  <tr>
1672    <td>size</td>
1673    <td><i>string</i></td>
1674    <td>width and height of a raw image</td>
1675  </tr>
1676
1677  <tr>
1678    <td>stroke</td>
1679    <td><i>color</i></td>
1680    <td>The stroke color paints along the outline of a shape.</td>
1681  </tr>
1682
1683  <tr>
1684    <td>texture</td>
1685    <td><i>string</i></td>
1686    <td>name of texture to tile onto the image background</td>
1687  </tr>
1688
1689  <tr>
1690    <td>tile-offset</td>
1691    <td><i>geometry</i></td>
1692    <td>image tile offset</td>
1693  </tr>
1694
1695  <tr>
1696    <td>time-limit</td>
1697    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1698    <td>set time resource limit in seconds</td>
1699  </tr>
1700
1701  <tr>
1702    <td>type</td>
1703    <td>{Bilevel, Grayscale, GrayscaleMatte, Palette, PaletteMatte, TrueColor, TrueColorMatte, ColorSeparation, ColorSeparationMatte}</td>
1704    <td>image type</td>
1705  </tr>
1706
1707  <tr>
1708    <td>units</td>
1709    <td>{ Undefined, PixelsPerInch, PixelsPerCentimeter}</td>
1710    <td>units of image resolution</td>
1711  </tr>
1712
1713  <tr>
1714    <td>verbose</td>
1715    <td>{True, False}</td>
1716    <td>print detailed information about the image</td>
1717  </tr>
1718
1719  <tr>
1720    <td>virtual-pixel</td>
1721    <td>{Background Black Constant Dither Edge Gray Mirror Random Tile Transparent White}</td>
1722    <td>the virtual pixel method</td>
1723  </tr>
1724
1725  <tr>
1726    <td>white-point</td>
1727    <td><i>x-value</i>, <i>y-value</i></td>
1728    <td>chromaticity white point (e.g. 0.3127, 0.329)</td>
1729  </tr>
1730  </tbody>
1731</table>
1732
1733<p>Note, that the <code>geometry</code> parameter is a short cut for the <code>width</code> and <code>height</code> parameters (e.g.  <code>geometry=&gt;'106x80'</code> is equivalent to <code>width=&gt;106, height=&gt;80</code>).</p>
1734
1735<p>SetAttribute() is an alias for method Set().</p>
1736
1737<p>Most of the attributes listed above have an analog in
1738<a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>. See the documentation for a more detailed description of these attributes.</p>
1739
1740<h2><a class="anchor" id="get-attribute"></a>Get an Image Attribute</h2>
1741
1742<p>Use method Get() to get an image attribute. For example,</p>
1743
1744<pre class="highlight"><code>($a, $b, $c) = $image-&gt;Get('colorspace', 'magick', 'adjoin');
1745$width = $image-&gt;[3]-&gt;Get('columns');
1746</code></pre>
1747
1748<p>In addition to all the attributes listed in <a href="perl-magick.html#set-attribute">Set an Image Attribute</a> , you can get these additional attributes:</p>
1749
1750<table class="table table-sm table-striped">
1751  <caption>Image Attributes</caption>
1752  <tbody>
1753  <tr>
1754    <th>Attribute</th>
1755    <th>Values</th>
1756    <th style="width: 60%">Description</th>
1757  </tr>
1758
1759  <tr>
1760    <td>area</td>
1761    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1762    <td>current area resource consumed</td>
1763  </tr>
1764
1765  <tr>
1766    <td>base-columns</td>
1767    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1768    <td>base image width (before transformations)</td>
1769  </tr>
1770
1771  <tr>
1772    <td>base-filename</td>
1773    <td><i>string</i></td>
1774    <td>base image filename (before transformations)</td>
1775  </tr>
1776
1777  <tr>
1778    <td>base-rows</td>
1779    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1780    <td>base image height (before transformations)</td>
1781  </tr>
1782
1783  <tr>
1784    <td>class</td>
1785    <td>{Direct, Pseudo}</td>
1786    <td>image class</td>
1787  </tr>
1788
1789  <tr>
1790    <td>colors</td>
1791    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1792    <td>number of unique colors in the image</td>
1793  </tr>
1794
1795  <tr>
1796    <td>columns</td>
1797    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1798    <td>image width</td>
1799  </tr>
1800
1801  <tr>
1802    <td>copyright</td>
1803    <td><i>string</i></td>
1804    <td>get PerlMagick's copyright</td>
1805  </tr>
1806
1807  <tr>
1808    <td>directory</td>
1809    <td><i>string</i></td>
1810    <td>tile names from within an image montage</td>
1811  </tr>
1812
1813  <tr>
1814    <td>elapsed-time</td>
1815    <td><i>double</i></td>
1816    <td>elapsed time in seconds since the image was created</td>
1817  </tr>
1818
1819  <tr>
1820    <td>error</td>
1821    <td><i>double</i></td>
1822    <td>the mean error per pixel computed with methods Compare() or Quantize()</td>
1823  </tr>
1824
1825  <tr>
1826    <td>bounding-box</td>
1827    <td><i>string</i></td>
1828    <td>image bounding box</td>
1829  </tr>
1830
1831  <tr>
1832    <td>disk</td>
1833    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1834    <td>current disk resource consumed</td>
1835  </tr>
1836
1837  <tr>
1838    <td>filesize</td>
1839    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1840    <td>number of bytes of the image on disk</td>
1841  </tr>
1842
1843  <tr>
1844    <td>format</td>
1845    <td><i>string</i></td>
1846    <td>get the descriptive image format</td>
1847  </tr>
1848
1849  <tr>
1850    <td>geometry</td>
1851    <td><i>string</i></td>
1852    <td>image geometry</td>
1853  </tr>
1854
1855  <tr>
1856    <td>height</td>
1857    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1858    <td>the number of rows or height of an image</td>
1859  </tr>
1860
1861  <tr>
1862    <td>icc</td>
1863    <td><i>string</i></td>
1864    <td>ICC profile</td>
1865  </tr>
1866
1867  <tr>
1868    <td>icc</td>
1869    <td><i>string</i></td>
1870    <td>ICM profile</td>
1871  </tr>
1872
1873  <tr>
1874    <td>id</td>
1875    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1876    <td>ImageMagick registry id</td>
1877  </tr>
1878
1879  <tr>
1880    <td>IPTC</td>
1881    <td><i>string</i></td>
1882    <td>IPTC profile</td>
1883  </tr>
1884
1885  <tr>
1886    <td>mean-error</td>
1887    <td><i>double</i></td>
1888    <td>the normalized mean error per pixel computed with methods Compare() or Quantize()</td>
1889  </tr>
1890
1891  <tr>
1892    <td>map</td>
1893    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1894    <td>current memory-mapped resource consumed</td>
1895  </tr>
1896
1897  <tr>
1898    <td>matte</td>
1899    <td>{True, False}</td>
1900    <td>whether or not the image has a matte channel</td>
1901  </tr>
1902
1903  <tr>
1904    <td>maximum-error</td>
1905    <td><i>double</i></td>
1906    <td>the normalized max error per pixel computed with methods Compare() or Quantize()</td>
1907  </tr>
1908
1909  <tr>
1910    <td>memory</td>
1911    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1912    <td>current memory resource consumed</td>
1913  </tr>
1914
1915  <tr>
1916    <td>mime</td>
1917    <td><i>string</i></td>
1918    <td>MIME of the image format</td>
1919  </tr>
1920
1921  <tr>
1922    <td>montage</td>
1923    <td><i>geometry</i></td>
1924    <td>tile size and offset within an image montage</td>
1925  </tr>
1926
1927  <tr>
1928    <td>page.x</td>
1929    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1930    <td>x offset of image virtual canvas</td>
1931  </tr>
1932
1933  <tr>
1934    <td>page.y</td>
1935    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1936    <td>y offset of image virtual canvas</td>
1937  </tr>
1938
1939  <tr>
1940    <td>rows</td>
1941    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1942    <td>the number of rows or height of an image</td>
1943  </tr>
1944
1945  <tr>
1946    <td>signature</td>
1947    <td><i>string</i></td>
1948    <td>SHA-256 message digest associated with the image pixel stream</td>
1949  </tr>
1950
1951  <tr>
1952    <td>taint</td>
1953    <td>{True, False}</td>
1954    <td>True if the image has been modified</td>
1955  </tr>
1956
1957  <tr>
1958    <td>total-ink-density</td>
1959    <td><i>double</i></td>
1960    <td>returns the total ink density for a CMYK image</td>
1961  </tr>
1962
1963  <tr>
1964    <td>transparent-color</td>
1965    <td><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1966    <td>set the image transparent color</td>
1967  </tr>
1968
1969  <tr>
1970    <td>user-time</td>
1971    <td><i>double</i></td>
1972    <td>user time in seconds since the image was created</td>
1973  </tr>
1974
1975  <tr>
1976    <td>version</td>
1977    <td><i>string</i></td>
1978    <td>get PerlMagick's version</td>
1979  </tr>
1980
1981  <tr>
1982    <td>width</td>
1983    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1984    <td>the number of columns or width of an image</td>
1985  </tr>
1986
1987  <tr>
1988    <td>XMP</td>
1989    <td><i>string</i></td>
1990    <td>XMP profile</td>
1991  </tr>
1992
1993  <tr>
1994    <td>x-resolution</td>
1995    <td><i>integer</i></td>
1996    <td>x resolution of the image</td>
1997  </tr>
1998
1999  <tr>
2000    <td>y-resolution</td>
2001    <td><i>integer</i></td>
2002    <td>y resolution of the image</td>
2003  </tr>
2004  </tbody>
2005</table>
2006
2007<p>GetAttribute() is an alias for method Get().</p>
2008
2009<p>Most of the attributes listed above have an analog in
2010<a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>. See the documentation for a more detailed description of these attributes.</p>
2011
2012<h2><a class="anchor" id="compare"></a>Compare an Image to its Reconstruction</h2>
2013
2014<p>Mathematically and visually annotate the difference between an image and its reconstruction with the Compare() method.  The method supports these parameters:</p>
2015
2016<table class="table table-sm table-striped">
2017  <caption>Compare Parameters</caption>
2018  <tbody>
2019  <tr>
2020    <th>Parameter</th>
2021    <th style="width: 40%">Values</th>
2022    <th style="width: 40%">Description</th>
2023  </tr>
2024
2025  <tr>
2026    <td>channel</td>
2027    <td><i>double</i></td>
2028    <td>select image channels, the default is all channels except alpha.</td>
2029  </tr>
2030
2031  <tr>
2032    <td>fuzz</td>
2033    <td><i>double</i></td>
2034    <td>colors within this distance are considered equal</td>
2035  </tr>
2036
2037  <tr>
2038    <td>image</td>
2039    <td><i>image-reference</i></td>
2040    <td>the image reconstruction</td>
2041  </tr>
2042
2043  <tr>
2044    <td>metric</td>
2045    <td>AE, MAE, MEPP, MSE, PAE, PSNR, RMSE</td>
2046    <td>measure differences between images with this metric</td>
2047  </tr>
2048  </tbody>
2049</table>
2050
2051<p>In this example, we compare the ImageMagick logo to a sharpened reconstruction:</p>
2052
2053<pre class="highlight"><code>use Image::Magick;
2054
2055$logo=Image::Magick->New();
2056$logo->Read('logo:');
2057$sharp=Image::Magick->New();
2058$sharp->Read('logo:');
2059$sharp->Sharpen('0x1');
2060$difference=$logo->Compare(image=>$sharp, metric=>'rmse');
2061print $difference->Get('error'), "\n";
2062$difference->Display();
2063</code></pre>
2064
2065<p>In addition to the reported root mean squared error of around 0.024, a difference image is displayed so you can visually identify the difference between the images.</p>
2066
2067<h2><a class="anchor" id="montage"></a>Create an Image Montage</h2>
2068
2069<p>Use method Montage() to create a composite image by combining several separate images. The images are tiled on the composite image with the name of the image optionally appearing just below the individual tile. For example,</p>
2070
2071<pre class="highlight"><code>$image-&gt;Montage(geometry=&gt;'160x160', tile=&gt;'2x2', texture=&gt;'granite:');
2072</code></pre>
2073
2074<p>And here is a list of Montage() parameters you can set:</p>
2075
2076<table class="table table-sm table-striped">
2077  <caption>Montage Parameters</caption>
2078  <tbody>
2079  <tr>
2080    <th>Parameter</th>
2081    <th style="width: 40%">Values</th>
2082    <th style="width: 40%">Description</th>
2083  </tr>
2084
2085  <tr>
2086    <td>background</td>
2087    <td><i><a href="color.html">color name</a></i></td>
2088    <td>background color name</td>
2089  </tr>
2090
2091  <tr>
2092    <td>border</td>
2093    <td><i>integer</i></td>
2094    <td>image border width</td>
2095  </tr>
2096
2097  <tr>
2098    <td>filename</td>
2099    <td><i>string</i></td>
2100    <td>name of montage image</td>
2101  </tr>
2102
2103  <tr>
2104    <td>fill</td>
2105    <td><a href="color.html">color name</a></td>
2106    <td>fill color for annotations</td>
2107  </tr>
2108
2109  <tr>
2110    <td>font</td>
2111    <td><i>string</i></td>
2112    <td>X11 font name</td>
2113  </tr>
2114
2115  <tr>
2116    <td>frame</td>
2117    <td><i>geometry</i></td>
2118    <td>surround the image with an ornamental border</td>
2119  </tr>
2120
2121  <tr>
2122    <td>geometry</td>
2123    <td><i>geometry</i></td>
2124    <td>preferred tile and border size of each tile of the composite
2125image (e.g. 120x120+4+3>)</td>
2126  </tr>
2127
2128  <tr>
2129    <td>gravity</td>
2130    <td>NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest,
2131South, SouthEast</td>
2132    <td>direction image gravitates to within a tile</td>
2133  </tr>
2134
2135  <tr>
2136    <td>label</td>
2137    <td><i>string</i></td>
2138    <td>assign a label to an image</td>
2139  </tr>
2140
2141  <tr>
2142    <td>mode</td>
2143    <td>Frame, Unframe, Concatenate</td>
2144    <td>thumbnail framing options</td>
2145  </tr>
2146
2147  <tr>
2148    <td>pointsize</td>
2149    <td><i>integer</i></td>
2150    <td>pointsize of the Postscript or TrueType font</td>
2151  </tr>
2152
2153  <tr>
2154    <td>shadow</td>
2155    <td>{True, False}</td>
2156    <td>add a shadow beneath a tile to simulate depth</td>
2157  </tr>
2158
2159  <tr>
2160    <td>stroke</td>
2161    <td><a href="color.html">color name</a></td>
2162    <td>stroke color for annotations</td>
2163  </tr>
2164
2165  <tr>
2166    <td>texture</td>
2167    <td><i>string</i></td>
2168    <td>name of texture to tile onto the image background</td>
2169  </tr>
2170
2171  <tr>
2172    <td>tile</td>
2173    <td><i>geometry</i></td>
2174    <td>the number of tiles per row and page (e.g. 6x4)</td>
2175  </tr>
2176
2177  <tr>
2178    <td>title</td>
2179    <td>string</td>
2180    <td>assign a title to the image montage</td>
2181  </tr>
2182
2183  <tr>
2184    <td>transparent</td>
2185    <td><i>string</i></td>
2186    <td>make this color transparent within the image</td>
2187  </tr>
2188  </tbody>
2189</table>
2190
2191<p>Note, that the <code>geometry</code> parameter is a short cut for the <code>width</code> and <code>height</code> parameters (e.g.  <code>geometry=&gt;'106x80'</code> is equivalent to <code>width=&gt;106, height=&gt;80</code>).</p>
2192
2193<p>MontageImage() is an alias for method Montage().</p>
2194
2195<p>Most of the attributes listed above have an analog in <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>. See the documentation for a more detailed description of these attributes.</p>
2196
2197<h2><a class="anchor" id="blobs"></a>Working with Blobs</h2>
2198
2199<p>A blob contains data that directly represent a particular image
2200format in memory instead of on disk. PerlMagick supports
2201blobs in any of these image <a href="../www/formats.html">formats</a> and provides methods to convert a blob to or from a particular image format.</p>
2202
2203<table class="table table-sm table-striped">
2204  <caption>Blob Methods</caption>
2205  <tbody>
2206  <tr>
2207    <th>Method</th>
2208    <th>Parameters</th>
2209    <th>Return Value</th>
2210    <th>Description</th>
2211  </tr>
2212
2213  <tr>
2214    <td>ImageToBlob</td>
2215    <td>any image <a href="perl-magick.html#set-attribute">attribute</a></td>
2216    <td>an array of image data in the respective image format</td>
2217    <td>convert an image or image sequence to an array of blobs</td>
2218  </tr>
2219
2220  <tr>
2221    <td>BlobToImage</td>
2222    <td>one or more blobs</td>
2223    <td>the number of blobs converted to an image</td>
2224    <td>convert one or more blobs to an image</td>
2225  </tr>
2226  </tbody>
2227</table>
2228
2229<p>ImageToBlob() returns the image data in their respective formats. You can then print it, save it to an ODBC database, write it to a file, or pipe it to a display program:</p>
2230
2231<pre class="highlight"><code>@blobs = $image-&gt;ImageToBlob();
2232open(DISPLAY,"| display -") || die;
2233binmode DISPLAY;
2234print DISPLAY $blobs[0];
2235close DISPLAY;
2236</code></pre>
2237
2238<p>Method BlobToImage() returns an image or image sequence converted from the supplied blob:</p>
2239
2240<pre class="highlight"><code>@blob=$db-&gt;GetImage();
2241$image=Image::Magick-&gt;new(magick=&gt;'jpg');
2242$image-&gt;BlobToImage(@blob);
2243</code></pre>
2244
2245<h2><a class="anchor" id="direct-access"></a>Direct-access to Image Pixels</h2>
2246
2247<p>Use these methods to obtain direct access to the image pixels:</p>
2248
2249<table class="table table-sm table-striped">
2250<caption>Direct-access to Image Pixels</caption>
2251<tbody>
2252  <tr>
2253    <th>Method</th>
2254    <th>Parameters</th>
2255    <th style="width: 50%">Description</th>
2256  </tr>
2257
2258  <tr>
2259    <td>GetAuthenticPixels</td>
2260    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
2261    <td>return authentic pixels as a C pointer</td>
2262  </tr>
2263
2264  <tr>
2265    <td>GetVirtualPixels</td>
2266    <td>geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
2267    <td>return virtual pixels as a const C pointer</td>
2268  </tr>
2269
2270  <tr>
2271    <td>GetAuthenticIndexQueue</td>
2272    <td></td>
2273    <td>return colormap indexes or black pixels as a C pointer</td>
2274  </tr>
2275
2276  <tr>
2277    <td>GetVirtualIndexQueue</td>
2278    <td></td>
2279    <td>return colormap indexes or black pixels as a const C pointer</td>
2280  </tr>
2281
2282  <tr>
2283    <td>SyncAuthenticPixels</td>
2284    <td></td>
2285    <td>sync authentic pixels to pixel cache</td>
2286  </tr>
2287
2288</tbody>
2289</table>
2290
2291<h2><a class="anchor" id="miscellaneous"></a>Miscellaneous Methods</h2>
2292
2293<p>The Append() method append a set of images. For example,</p>
2294
2295<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image-&gt;Append(stack=&gt;{true,false});
2296</code></pre>
2297
2298<p>appends all the images associated with object <code>$image</code>. By default, images are stacked left-to-right. Set <code>stack</code> to True to stack them top-to-bottom.</p>
2299
2300<p>The Clone() method copies a set of images. For example,</p>
2301
2302<pre class="highlight"><code>$q = $p-&gt;Clone();
2303</code></pre>
2304
2305<p>copies all the images from object <code>$p</code> to <code>$q</code>. You can use this method for single or multi-image sequences.</p>
2306
2307<p>The ComplexImages() method performs complex mathematics on an image sequence. For example,</p>
2308
2309<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image-&gt;ComplexImages('conjugate');
2310</code></pre>
2311
2312<p>The EvaluateImages() method applies an arithmetic, logical or relational expression to a set of images. For example,</p>
2313
2314
2315<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image-&gt;EvaluateImages('mean');
2316</code></pre>
2317
2318<p>averages all the images associated with object <code>$image</code>.</p>
2319
2320<p>The Features() method returns features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.  The features include the angular second momentum, contrast, correlation, sum of squares: variance, inverse difference moment, sum average, sum varience, sum entropy, entropy, difference variance, difference entropy, information measures of correlation 1, information measures of correlation 2, and maximum correlation coefficient.  Values in RGB, CMYK, RGBA, or CMYKA order (depending on the image type).</p>
2321
2322<pre class="highlight"><code>@features = $image-&gt;Features(1);
2323</code></pre>
2324
2325<p>The Flatten() method flattens a set of images and returns it. For example,</p>
2326
2327<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $images-&gt;Flatten(background=&gt;'none');
2328$p-&gt;Write('flatten.png');
2329</code></pre>
2330
2331<p>The sequence of images is replaced by a single image created by composing each image after the first over the first image.</p>
2332
2333<p>The Fx() method applies a mathematical expression to a set of images and returns the results. For example,</p>
2334
2335<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image-&gt;Fx(expression=&gt;'(g+b)/2.0',channel=&gt;'red');
2336$p-&gt;Write('fx.miff');
2337</code></pre>
2338
2339<p>replaces the red channel with the average of the green and blue channels.</p>
2340
2341<p>See <a href="fx.html">FX, The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this method.</p>
2342
2343<p>Histogram() returns the unique colors in the image and a count for each one. The returned values are an array of red, green, blue, opacity, and count values.</p>
2344
2345<p>The Morph() method morphs a set of images. Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the appearance of a meta-morphosis from one image to the next:</p>
2346
2347<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image-&gt;Morph(frames=&gt;<i>integer</i>);
2348</code></pre>
2349
2350<p>where <i>frames</i> is the number of in-between images to generate.  The default is 1.</p>
2351
2352<p>Mosaic() creates an mosaic from an image sequence.</p>
2353
2354<p>Method Mogrify() is a single entry point for the image manipulation methods (<a href="perl-magick.html#manipulate">Manipulate an Image</a>). The parameters are the name of a method followed by any parameters the method may require. For example, these calls are equivalent:</p>
2355
2356<pre class="highlight"><code>$image-&gt;Crop('340x256+0+0');
2357$image-&gt;Mogrify('crop', '340x256+0+0');
2358</code></pre>
2359
2360<p>Method MogrifyRegion() applies a transform to a region of the image. It is similar to Mogrify() but begins with the region geometry. For example, suppose you want to brighten a 100x100 region of your image at location (40, 50):</p>
2361
2362<pre class="highlight"><code>$image-&gt;MogrifyRegion('100x100+40+50', 'modulate', brightness=&gt;50);
2363</code></pre>
2364
2365<p>PerceptualHash() maps visually identical images to the same or similar hash-- useful in image retrieval, authentication, indexing, or copy detection as well as digital watermarking.  For each channel and for the sRGB and the HCLp colorspaces, 7 hash values are returned  For an sRGB images, for example, expect 42 perceptual hashes.</p>
2366
2367<pre class="highlight"><code>@phash = $image-&gt;PerceptualHash();</code></pre>
2368
2369<p>Ping() is a convenience method that returns information about an image without having to read the image into memory. It returns the width, height, file size in bytes, and the file format of the image. You can specify more than one filename but only one filehandle:</p>
2370
2371<pre class="highlight"><code>($width, $height, $size, $format) = $image-&gt;Ping('logo.png');
2372($width, $height, $size, $format) = $image-&gt;Ping(file=&gt;\*IMAGE);
2373($width, $height, $size, $format) = $image-&gt;Ping(blob=&gt;$blob);
2374</code></pre>
2375
2376<p>This a more efficient and less memory intensive way to query if an image exists and what its characteristics are.</p>
2377
2378<p>Poly() builds a polynomial from the image sequence and the corresponding terms (coefficients and degree pairs):</p>
2379
2380<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image-&gt;Poly([0.5,1.0,0.25,2.0,1.0,1.0]);
2381</code></pre>
2382
2383<p>PreviewImage() tiles 9 thumbnails of the specified image with an image processing operation applied at varying strengths. This may be helpful pin-pointing an appropriate parameter for a particular image processing operation. Choose from these operations: <code>Rotate, Shear, Roll, Hue, Saturation, Brightness, Gamma, Spiff, Dull, Grayscale, Quantize, Despeckle, ReduceNoise, AddNoise, Sharpen, Blur, Threshold, EdgeDetect, Spread, Solarize, Shade, Raise, Segment, Swirl, Implode, Wave, OilPaint, CharcoalDrawing, JPEG</code>. Here is an example:</p>
2384
2385<pre class="highlight"><code>$preview = $image-&gt;Preview('Gamma');
2386$preview-&gt;Display();
2387</code></pre>
2388
2389<p>To have full control over text positioning you need font metric information. Use</p>
2390
2391<pre class="highlight"><code>($x_ppem, $y_ppem, $ascender, $descender, $width, $height, $max_advance) =
2392  $image-&gt;QueryFontMetrics(<i>parameters</i>);
2393</code></pre>
2394
2395<p>Where <i>parameters</i> is any parameter of the <a href="perl-magick.html#manipulate">Annotate</a> method. The return values are:</p>
2396
2397<ol>
2398  <li>character width</li>
2399  <li>character height</li>
2400  <li>ascender</li>
2401  <li>descender</li>
2402  <li>text width</li>
2403  <li>text height</li>
2404  <li>maximum horizontal advance</li>
2405  <li>bounds: x1</li>
2406  <li>bounds: y1</li>
2407  <li>bounds: x2</li>
2408  <li>bounds: y2</li>
2409  <li>origin: x</li>
2410  <li>origin: y</li>
2411</ol>
2412
2413<p>Use QueryMultilineFontMetrics() to get the maximum text width and height for multiple lines of text.</p>
2414
2415<p>Call QueryColor() with no parameters to return a list of known colors names or specify one or more color names to get these attributes: red, green, blue, and opacity value.</p>
2416
2417<pre class="highlight"><code>@colors = $image-&gt;QueryColor();
2418($red, $green, $blue) = $image-&gt;QueryColor('cyan');
2419($red, $green, $blue, $alpha) = $image-&gt;QueryColor('#716baeff');
2420</code></pre>
2421
2422<p>QueryColorname() accepts a color value and returns its respective name or hex value;</p>
2423
2424<pre class="highlight"><code>$name = $image-&gt;QueryColorname('rgba(80,60,0,0)');
2425</code></pre>
2426
2427<p>Call QueryFont() with no parameters to return a list of known fonts or specify one or more font names to get these attributes: font name, description, family, style, stretch, weight, encoding, foundry, format, metrics, and glyphs values.</p>
2428
2429<pre class="highlight"><code>@fonts = $image-&gt;QueryFont();
2430$weight = ($image-&gt;QueryFont('Helvetica'))[5];
2431</code></pre>
2432
2433<p>Call QueryFormat() with no parameters to return a list of known image formats or specify one or more format names to get these attributes: adjoin, blob support, raw, decoder, encoder, description, and module.</p>
2434
2435<pre class="highlight"><code>@formats = $image-&gt;QueryFormat();
2436($adjoin, $blob_support, $raw, $decoder, $encoder, $description, $module) =
2437  $image-&gt;QueryFormat('gif');
2438</code></pre>
2439
2440<p>Call MagickToMime() with the image format name to get its MIME type such as <code>images/tiff</code> from <code>tif</code>.</p>
2441
2442<pre class="highlight"><code>$mime = $image-&gt;MagickToMime('tif');
2443</code></pre>
2444
2445<p>Use RemoteCommand() to send a command to an already running <a href="../www/display.html">display</a> or <a href="animate.html">animate</a> application. The only parameter is the name of the image file to display or animate.</p>
2446
2447<pre class="highlight"><code>$image-&gt;RemoteCommand('image.jpg');
2448</code></pre>
2449
2450<p>The Smush() method smushes a set of images together. For example,</p>
2451
2452<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image-&gt;Smush(stack=&gt;{true,false},offset=&gt;<var>integer</var>);
2453</code></pre>
2454
2455<p>smushes together all the images associated with object <code>$image</code>. By default, images are smushed left-to-right. Set <code>stack</code> to True to smushed them top-to-bottom.</p>
2456
2457<p>Statistics() returns the image statistics for each channel in the image. The returned values are an array of depth, minima, maxima, mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, and entropy values in RGB, CMYK, RGBA, or CMYKA order (depending on the image type).</p>
2458
2459<pre class="highlight"><code>@statistics = $image-&gt;Statistics();
2460</code></pre>
2461
2462<p>Finally, the Transform() method accepts a fully-qualified geometry specification for cropping or resizing one or more images.  For example,</p>
2463
2464<pre class="highlight"><code>$p = $image-&gt;Transform(crop=&gt;'100x100+0+0');
2465</code></pre>
2466
2467<p>You can optionally add <i>Image</i> to any method name above. For example, PingImage() is an alias for method Ping().</p>
2468
2469<h2><a class="anchor" id="exceptions"></a>Handling Exceptions</h2>
2470
2471<p>All PerlMagick methods return an undefined string context upon success. If any problems occur, the error is returned as a string with an embedded numeric status code. A status code less than 400 is a warning. This means that the operation did not complete but was recoverable to some degree. A numeric code greater or equal to 400 is an error and indicates the operation failed completely. Here is how exceptions are returned for the different methods:</p>
2472
2473<p>Methods which return a number (e.g. Read(), Write()):</p>
2474
2475<pre class="highlight"><code>$x = $image-&gt;Read(...);
2476warn "$x" if "$x";      # print the error message
2477$x =~ /(\d+)/;
2478print $1;               # print the error number
2479print 0+$x;             # print the number of images read
2480</code></pre>
2481
2482<p>Methods which operate on an image (e.g. Resize(), Crop()):</p>
2483
2484<pre class="highlight"><code>$x = $image-&gt;Crop(...);
2485warn "$x" if "$x";      # print the error message
2486$x =~ /(\d+)/;
2487print $1;               # print the error number
2488</code></pre>
2489
2490<p>Methods which return images (EvaluateSequence(), Montage(), Clone()) should be checked for errors this way:</p>
2491
2492<pre class="highlight"><code>$x = $image-&gt;Montage(...);
2493warn "$x" if !ref($x);  # print the error message
2494$x =~ /(\d+)/;
2495print $1;               # print the error number
2496</code></pre>
2497
2498<p>Here is an example error message:</p>
2499
2500<pre class="highlight"><code>Error 400: Memory allocation failed
2501</code></pre>
2502
2503<p>Review the complete list of <a href="exception.html">error and warning codes</a>.</p>
2504
2505<p>The following illustrates how you can use a numeric status code:</p>
2506
2507<pre class="highlight"><code>$x = $image-&gt;Read('rose.png');
2508$x =~ /(\d+)/;
2509die "unable to continue" if ($1 == ResourceLimitError);
2510</code></pre>
2511
2512<h2><a class="anchor" id="constants"></a>Constants</h2>
2513
2514<p>PerlMagick includes these constants:</p>
2515
2516<pre class="pre-scrollable"><code>BlobError
2517BlobWarning
2518CacheError
2519CacheWarning
2520CoderError
2521CoderWarning
2522ConfigureError
2523ConfigureWarning
2524CorruptImageError
2525CorruptImageWarning
2526DelegateError
2527DelegateWarning
2528DrawError
2529DrawWarning
2530ErrorException
2531FatalErrorException
2532FileOpenError
2533FileOpenWarning
2534ImageError
2535ImageWarning
2536MissingDelegateError
2537MissingDelegateWarning
2538ModuleError
2539ModuleWarning
2540Opaque
2541OptionError
2542OptionWarning
2543QuantumDepth
2544QuantumRange
2545RegistryError
2546RegistryWarning
2547ResourceLimitError
2548ResourceLimitWarning
2549StreamError
2550StreamWarning
2551Success
2552Transparent
2553TypeError
2554TypeWarning
2555WarningException
2556XServerError
2557XServerWarning
2558</code></pre>
2559
2560<p>You can access them like this:</p>
2561
2562<pre class="highlight"><code>Image::Magick-&gt;QuantumDepth
2563</code></pre>
2564
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