1A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE 2========================== 3 4Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting 5Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands 6as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's 7principal author, although it includes many contributions from others. 8 9In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for 10National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us) 11in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the 12software. 13 14In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to 15BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same 16year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope 17Corporation, see http://www.zope.com). In 2001, the Python Software 18Foundation (PSF, see http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a 19non-profit organization created specifically to own Python-related 20Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of 21the PSF. 22 23All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for 24the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python 25releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes 26the various releases. 27 28 Release Derived Year Owner GPL- 29 from compatible? (1) 30 31 0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes 32 1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes 33 1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no 34 2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no 35 1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2) 36 2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no 37 2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes 38 2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes 39 2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes 40 2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes 41 2.2 and above 2.1.1 2001-now PSF yes 42 43Footnotes: 44 45(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under 46 the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute 47 a modified version without making your changes open source. The 48 GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with 49 other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't. 50 51(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible, 52 because its license has a choice of law clause. According to 53 CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1 54 is "not incompatible" with the GPL. 55 56Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's 57direction to make these releases possible. 58 59 60B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 61=============================================================== 62 63PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2 64-------------------------------------------- 65 661. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation 67("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and 68otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and 69its associated documentation. 70 712. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby 72grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, 73analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, 74distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version, 75provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright, 76i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 772011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 Python Software Foundation; All Rights 78Reserved" are retained in Python alone or in any derivative version prepared by 79Licensee. 80 813. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 82or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make 83the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 84Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 85the changes made to Python. 86 874. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 88basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 89IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND 90DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 91FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT 92INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 93 945. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 95FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 96A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON, 97OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 98 996. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 100breach of its terms and conditions. 101 1027. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any 103relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and 104Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF 105trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote 106products or services of Licensee, or any third party. 107 1088. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee 109agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 110Agreement. 111 112 113BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0 114------------------------------------------- 115 116BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1 117 1181. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an 119office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the 120Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using 121this software in source or binary form and its associated 122documentation ("the Software"). 123 1242. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License 125Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, 126royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform 127and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and 128otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version, 129provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the 130Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. 131 1323. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 133basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 134IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND 135DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 136FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT 137INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 138 1394. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE 140SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS 141AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY 142DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 143 1445. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 145breach of its terms and conditions. 146 1476. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all 148respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of 149law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to 150create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture 151between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant 152permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark 153sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any 154third party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at 155http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the 156permissions granted on that web page. 157 1587. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee 159agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 160Agreement. 161 162 163CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1 164--------------------------------------- 165 1661. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National 167Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, 168Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization 169("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in 170source or binary form and its associated documentation. 171 1722. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI 173hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide 174license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, 175prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 176alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's 177License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c) 1781995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights 179Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative 180version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License 181Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the 182quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and 183conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with 184Python 1.6.1 may be located on the Internet using the following 185unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This 186Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the Internet 187using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013". 188 1893. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 190or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make 191the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 192Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 193the changes made to Python 1.6.1. 194 1954. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 196basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 197IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND 198DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 199FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT 200INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 201 2025. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 2031.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 204A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, 205OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 206 2076. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 208breach of its terms and conditions. 209 2107. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal 211intellectual property law of the United States, including without 212limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such 213U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of 214Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions. 215Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based 216on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was 217previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the 218law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License 219Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to 220Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this 221License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of 222agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This 223License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or 224trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or 225services of Licensee, or any third party. 226 2278. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying, 228installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be 229bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement. 230 231 ACCEPT 232 233 234CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2 235-------------------------------------------------- 236 237Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, 238The Netherlands. All rights reserved. 239 240Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its 241documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, 242provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that 243both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in 244supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch 245Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to 246distribution of the software without specific, written prior 247permission. 248 249STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO 250THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND 251FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE 252FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 253WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 254ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT 255OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 256