src/pdf/SkPDFDocument.cpp

/*
 * Copyright 2011 Google Inc.
 *
 * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 * found in the LICENSE file.
 */

#include "SkPDFDocument.h"
#include "SkPDFDocumentPriv.h"

#include "SkMakeUnique.h"
#include "SkPDFDevice.h"
#include "SkPDFDocument.h"
#include "SkPDFFont.h"
#include "SkPDFGradientShader.h"
#include "SkPDFGraphicState.h"
#include "SkPDFShader.h"
#include "SkPDFTag.h"
#include "SkPDFUtils.h"
#include "SkStream.h"
#include "SkTo.h"

#include <utility>

// For use in SkCanvas::drawAnnotation
const char* SkPDFGetNodeIdKey() {
    static constexpr char key[] = "PDF_Node_Key";
    return key;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void SkPDFOffsetMap::markStartOfDocument(const SkWStream* s) { fBaseOffset = s->bytesWritten(); }

static size_t difference(size_t minuend, size_t subtrahend) {
    return SkASSERT(minuend >= subtrahend), minuend - subtrahend;
}

void SkPDFOffsetMap::markStartOfObject(int referenceNumber, const SkWStream* s) {
    SkASSERT(referenceNumber > 0);
    size_t index = SkToSizeT(referenceNumber - 1);
    if (index >= fOffsets.size()) {
        fOffsets.resize(index + 1);
    }
    fOffsets[index] = SkToInt(difference(s->bytesWritten(), fBaseOffset));
}

int SkPDFOffsetMap::objectCount() const {
    return SkToInt(fOffsets.size() + 1); // Include the special zeroth object in the count.
}

int SkPDFOffsetMap::emitCrossReferenceTable(SkWStream* s) const {
    int xRefFileOffset = SkToInt(difference(s->bytesWritten(), fBaseOffset));
    s->writeText("xref\n0 ");
    s->writeDecAsText(this->objectCount());
    s->writeText("\n0000000000 65535 f \n");
    for (int offset : fOffsets) {
        SkASSERT(offset > 0);  // Offset was set.
        s->writeBigDecAsText(offset, 10);
        s->writeText(" 00000 n \n");
    }
    return xRefFileOffset;
}
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#define SKPDF_MAGIC "\xD3\xEB\xE9\xE1"
#ifndef SK_BUILD_FOR_WIN
static_assert((SKPDF_MAGIC[0] & 0x7F) == "Skia"[0], "");
static_assert((SKPDF_MAGIC[1] & 0x7F) == "Skia"[1], "");
static_assert((SKPDF_MAGIC[2] & 0x7F) == "Skia"[2], "");
static_assert((SKPDF_MAGIC[3] & 0x7F) == "Skia"[3], "");
#endif
static void serializeHeader(SkPDFOffsetMap* offsetMap, SkWStream* wStream) {
    offsetMap->markStartOfDocument(wStream);
    wStream->writeText("%PDF-1.4\n%" SKPDF_MAGIC "\n");
    // The PDF spec recommends including a comment with four
    // bytes, all with their high bits set.  "\xD3\xEB\xE9\xE1" is
    // "Skia" with the high bits set.
}
#undef SKPDF_MAGIC

static void begin_indirect_object(SkPDFOffsetMap* offsetMap,
                                  SkPDFIndirectReference ref,
                                  SkWStream* s) {
    offsetMap->markStartOfObject(ref.fValue, s);
    s->writeDecAsText(ref.fValue);
    s->writeText(" 0 obj\n");  // Generation number is always 0.
}

static void end_indirect_object(SkWStream* s) { s->writeText("\nendobj\n"); }

// Xref table and footer
static void serialize_footer(const SkPDFOffsetMap& offsetMap,
                             SkWStream* wStream,
                             SkPDFIndirectReference infoDict,
                             SkPDFIndirectReference docCatalog,
                             SkUUID uuid) {
    int xRefFileOffset = offsetMap.emitCrossReferenceTable(wStream);
    SkPDFDict trailerDict;
    trailerDict.insertInt("Size", offsetMap.objectCount());
    SkASSERT(docCatalog != SkPDFIndirectReference());
    trailerDict.insertRef("Root", docCatalog);
    SkASSERT(infoDict != SkPDFIndirectReference());
    trailerDict.insertRef("Info", infoDict);
    if (SkUUID() != uuid) {
        trailerDict.insertObject("ID", SkPDFMetadata::MakePdfId(uuid, uuid));
    }
    wStream->writeText("trailer\n");
    trailerDict.emitObject(wStream);
    wStream->writeText("\nstartxref\n");
    wStream->writeBigDecAsText(xRefFileOffset);
    wStream->writeText("\n%%EOF");
}

static SkPDFIndirectReference generate_page_tree(
        SkPDFDocument* doc,
        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SkPDFDict>> pages,
        const std::vector<SkPDFIndirectReference>& pageRefs) {
    // PDF wants a tree describing all the pages in the document.  We arbitrary
    // choose 8 (kNodeSize) as the number of allowed children.  The internal
    // nodes have type "Pages" with an array of children, a parent pointer, and
    // the number of leaves below the node as "Count."  The leaves are passed
    // into the method, have type "Page" and need a parent pointer. This method
    // builds the tree bottom up, skipping internal nodes that would have only
    // one child.
    SkASSERT(pages.size() > 0);
    struct PageTreeNode {
        std::unique_ptr<SkPDFDict> fNode;
        SkPDFIndirectReference fReservedRef;
        int fPageObjectDescendantCount;

        static std::vector<PageTreeNode> Layer(std::vector<PageTreeNode> vec, SkPDFDocument* doc) {
            std::vector<PageTreeNode> result;
            static constexpr size_t kMaxNodeSize = 8;
            const size_t n = vec.size();
            SkASSERT(n >= 1);
            const size_t result_len = (n - 1) / kMaxNodeSize + 1;
            SkASSERT(result_len >= 1);
            SkASSERT(n == 1 || result_len < n);
            result.reserve(result_len);
            size_t index = 0;
            for (size_t i = 0; i < result_len; ++i) {
                if (n != 1 && index + 1 == n) {  // No need to create a new node.
                    result.push_back(std::move(vec[index++]));
                    continue;
                }
                SkPDFIndirectReference parent = doc->reserveRef();
                auto kids_list = SkPDFMakeArray();
                int descendantCount = 0;
                for (size_t j = 0; j < kMaxNodeSize && index < n; ++j) {
                    PageTreeNode& node = vec[index++];
                    node.fNode->insertRef("Parent", parent);
                    kids_list->appendRef(doc->emit(*node.fNode, node.fReservedRef));
                    descendantCount += node.fPageObjectDescendantCount;
                }
                auto next = SkPDFMakeDict("Pages");
                next->insertInt("Count", descendantCount);
                next->insertObject("Kids", std::move(kids_list));
                result.push_back(PageTreeNode{std::move(next), parent, descendantCount});
            }
            return result;
        }
    };
    std::vector<PageTreeNode> currentLayer;
    currentLayer.reserve(pages.size());
    SkASSERT(pages.size() == pageRefs.size());
    for (size_t i = 0; i < pages.size(); ++i) {
        currentLayer.push_back(PageTreeNode{std::move(pages[i]), pageRefs[i], 1});
    }
    currentLayer = PageTreeNode::Layer(std::move(currentLayer), doc);
    while (currentLayer.size() > 1) {
        currentLayer = PageTreeNode::Layer(std::move(currentLayer), doc);
    }
    SkASSERT(currentLayer.size() == 1);
    const PageTreeNode& root = currentLayer[0];
    return doc->emit(*root.fNode, root.fReservedRef);
}

template<typename T, typename... Args>
static void reset_object(T* dst, Args&&... args) {
    dst->~T();
    new (dst) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

SkPDFDocument::SkPDFDocument(SkWStream* stream,
                             SkPDF::Metadata metadata)
    : SkDocument(stream)
    , fMetadata(std::move(metadata)) {
    constexpr float kDpiForRasterScaleOne = 72.0f;
    if (fMetadata.fRasterDPI != kDpiForRasterScaleOne) {
        fInverseRasterScale = kDpiForRasterScaleOne / fMetadata.fRasterDPI;
        fRasterScale        = fMetadata.fRasterDPI / kDpiForRasterScaleOne;
    }
    if (fMetadata.fStructureElementTreeRoot) {
        fTagTree.init(fMetadata.fStructureElementTreeRoot);
    }
    fExecutor = metadata.fExecutor;
}

SkPDFDocument::~SkPDFDocument() {
    // subclasses of SkDocument must call close() in their destructors.
    this->close();
}

SkPDFIndirectReference SkPDFDocument::emit(const SkPDFObject& object, SkPDFIndirectReference ref){
    object.emitObject(this->beginObject(ref));
    this->endObject();
    return ref;
}

SkWStream* SkPDFDocument::beginObject(SkPDFIndirectReference ref) {
    fMutex.acquire();
    begin_indirect_object(&fOffsetMap, ref, this->getStream());
    return this->getStream();
};

void SkPDFDocument::endObject() {
    end_indirect_object(this->getStream());
    fMutex.release();
};

static SkSize operator*(SkISize u, SkScalar s) { return SkSize{u.width() * s, u.height() * s}; }
static SkSize operator*(SkSize u, SkScalar s) { return SkSize{u.width() * s, u.height() * s}; }

SkCanvas* SkPDFDocument::onBeginPage(SkScalar width, SkScalar height) {
    SkASSERT(fCanvas.imageInfo().dimensions().isZero());
    if (fPages.empty()) {
        // if this is the first page if the document.
        {
            SkAutoMutexAcquire autoMutexAcquire(fMutex);
            serializeHeader(&fOffsetMap, this->getStream());

        }

        fInfoDict = this->emit(*SkPDFMetadata::MakeDocumentInformationDict(fMetadata));
        if (fMetadata.fPDFA) {
            fUUID = SkPDFMetadata::CreateUUID(fMetadata);
            // We use the same UUID for Document ID and Instance ID since this
            // is the first revision of this document (and Skia does not
            // support revising existing PDF documents).
            // If we are not in PDF/A mode, don't use a UUID since testing
            // works best with reproducible outputs.
            fXMP = SkPDFMetadata::MakeXMPObject(fMetadata, fUUID, fUUID, this);
        }
    }
    // By scaling the page at the device level, we will create bitmap layer
    // devices at the rasterized scale, not the 72dpi scale.  Bitmap layer
    // devices are created when saveLayer is called with an ImageFilter;  see
    // SkPDFDevice::onCreateDevice().
    SkISize pageSize = (SkSize{width, height} * fRasterScale).toRound();
    SkMatrix initialTransform;
    // Skia uses the top left as the origin but PDF natively has the origin at the
    // bottom left. This matrix corrects for that, as well as the raster scale.
    initialTransform.setScaleTranslate(fInverseRasterScale, -fInverseRasterScale,
                                       0, fInverseRasterScale * pageSize.height());
    fPageDevice = sk_make_sp<SkPDFDevice>(pageSize, this, initialTransform);
    reset_object(&fCanvas, fPageDevice);
    fCanvas.scale(fRasterScale, fRasterScale);
    fPageRefs.push_back(this->reserveRef());
    return &fCanvas;
}

void SkPDFDocument::onEndPage() {
    SkASSERT(!fCanvas.imageInfo().dimensions().isZero());
    reset_object(&fCanvas);
    SkASSERT(fPageDevice);

    auto page = SkPDFMakeDict("Page");

    SkSize mediaSize = fPageDevice->imageInfo().dimensions() * fInverseRasterScale;
    std::unique_ptr<SkStreamAsset> pageContent = fPageDevice->content();
    auto resourceDict = fPageDevice->makeResourceDict();
    auto annotations = fPageDevice->getAnnotations();
    SkASSERT(fPageRefs.size() > 0);
    fPageDevice->appendDestinations(&fDests, fPageRefs.back());
    fPageDevice = nullptr;

    page->insertObject("Resources", std::move(resourceDict));
    page->insertObject("MediaBox", SkPDFUtils::RectToArray(SkRect::MakeSize(mediaSize)));

    if (annotations) {
        page->insertObject("Annots", std::move(annotations));
    }
    page->insertRef("Contents", SkPDFStreamOut(nullptr, std::move(pageContent), this));
    // The StructParents unique identifier for each page is just its
    // 0-based page index.
    page->insertInt("StructParents", SkToInt(this->currentPageIndex()));
    fPages.emplace_back(std::move(page));
}

void SkPDFDocument::onAbort() {
    this->waitForJobs();
}

static sk_sp<SkData> SkSrgbIcm() {
    // Source: http://www.argyllcms.com/icclibsrc.html
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        "\226\243\6\243v\243\346\244V\244\307\2458\245\251\246\32\246\213\246"
        "\375\247n\247\340\250R\250\304\2517\251\251\252\34\252\217\253\2\253"
        "u\253\351\254\\\254\320\255D\255\270\256-\256\241\257\26\257\213\260"
        "\0\260u\260\352\261`\261\326\262K\262\302\2638\263\256\264%\264\234"
        "\265\23\265\212\266\1\266y\266\360\267h\267\340\270Y\270\321\271J\271"
        "\302\272;\272\265\273.\273\247\274!\274\233\275\25\275\217\276\n\276"
        "\204\276\377\277z\277\365\300p\300\354\301g\301\343\302_\302\333\303"
        "X\303\324\304Q\304\316\305K\305\310\306F\306\303\307A\307\277\310="
        "\310\274\311:\311\271\3128\312\267\3136\313\266\3145\314\265\3155\315"
        "\265\3166\316\266\3177\317\270\3209\320\272\321<\321\276\322?\322\301"
        "\323D\323\306\324I\324\313\325N\325\321\326U\326\330\327\\\327\340"
        "\330d\330\350\331l\331\361\332v\332\373\333\200\334\5\334\212\335\20"
        "\335\226\336\34\336\242\337)\337\257\3406\340\275\341D\341\314\342"
        "S\342\333\343c\343\353\344s\344\374\345\204\346\r\346\226\347\37\347"
        "\251\3502\350\274\351F\351\320\352[\352\345\353p\353\373\354\206\355"
        "\21\355\234\356(\356\264\357@\357\314\360X\360\345\361r\361\377\362"
        "\214\363\31\363\247\3644\364\302\365P\365\336\366m\366\373\367\212"
        "\370\31\370\250\3718\371\307\372W\372\347\373w\374\7\374\230\375)\375"
        "\272\376K\376\334\377m\377\377";
    const size_t kProfileLength = 3212;
    static_assert(kProfileLength == sizeof(kProfile) - 1, "");
    return SkData::MakeWithoutCopy(kProfile, kProfileLength);
}

static SkPDFIndirectReference make_srgb_color_profile(SkPDFDocument* doc) {
    std::unique_ptr<SkPDFDict> dict = SkPDFMakeDict();
    dict->insertInt("N", 3);
    dict->insertObject("Range", SkPDFMakeArray(0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1));
    return SkPDFStreamOut(std::move(dict), SkMemoryStream::Make(SkSrgbIcm()), doc, true);
}

static std::unique_ptr<SkPDFArray> make_srgb_output_intents(SkPDFDocument* doc) {
    // sRGB is specified by HTML, CSS, and SVG.
    auto outputIntent = SkPDFMakeDict("OutputIntent");
    outputIntent->insertName("S", "GTS_PDFA1");
    outputIntent->insertString("RegistryName", "http://www.color.org");
    outputIntent->insertString("OutputConditionIdentifier",
                               "Custom");
    outputIntent->insertString("Info","sRGB IEC61966-2.1");
    outputIntent->insertRef("DestOutputProfile", make_srgb_color_profile(doc));
    auto intentArray = SkPDFMakeArray();
    intentArray->appendObject(std::move(outputIntent));
    return intentArray;
}

SkPDFIndirectReference SkPDFDocument::getPage(size_t pageIndex) const {
    SkASSERT(pageIndex < fPageRefs.size());
    return fPageRefs[pageIndex];
}

int SkPDFDocument::getMarkIdForNodeId(int nodeId) {
    return fTagTree.getMarkIdForNodeId(nodeId, SkToUInt(this->currentPageIndex()));
}

static std::vector<const SkPDFFont*> get_fonts(const SkPDFDocument& canon) {
    std::vector<const SkPDFFont*> fonts;
    fonts.reserve(canon.fFontMap.count());
    // Sort so the output PDF is reproducible.
    canon.fFontMap.foreach([&fonts](uint64_t, const SkPDFFont& font) { fonts.push_back(&font); });
    std::sort(fonts.begin(), fonts.end(), [](const SkPDFFont* u, const SkPDFFont* v) {
        return u->indirectReference().fValue < v->indirectReference().fValue;
    });
    return fonts;
}

void SkPDFDocument::onClose(SkWStream* stream) {
    SkASSERT(fCanvas.imageInfo().dimensions().isZero());
    if (fPages.empty()) {
        this->waitForJobs();
        return;
    }
    auto docCatalog = SkPDFMakeDict("Catalog");
    if (fMetadata.fPDFA) {
        SkASSERT(fXMP != SkPDFIndirectReference());
        docCatalog->insertRef("Metadata", fXMP);
        // Don't specify OutputIntents if we are not in PDF/A mode since
        // no one has ever asked for this feature.
        docCatalog->insertObject("OutputIntents", make_srgb_output_intents(this));
    }

    docCatalog->insertRef("Pages", generate_page_tree(this, std::move(fPages), fPageRefs));

    if (fDests.size() > 0) {
        docCatalog->insertRef("Dests", this->emit(fDests));
        reset_object(&fDests);
    }

    // Handle tagged PDFs.
    if (SkPDFIndirectReference root = fTagTree.makeStructTreeRoot(this)) {
        // In the document catalog, indicate that this PDF is tagged.
        auto markInfo = SkPDFMakeDict("MarkInfo");
        markInfo->insertBool("Marked", true);
        docCatalog->insertObject("MarkInfo", std::move(markInfo));
        docCatalog->insertRef("StructTreeRoot", root);
    }

    auto docCatalogRef = this->emit(*docCatalog);

    for (const SkPDFFont* f : get_fonts(*this)) {
        f->emitSubset(this);
    }

    this->waitForJobs();
    {
        SkAutoMutexAcquire autoMutexAcquire(fMutex);
        serialize_footer(fOffsetMap, this->getStream(), fInfoDict, docCatalogRef, fUUID);
    }
}

void SkPDFDocument::incrementJobCount() { fJobCount++; }

void SkPDFDocument::signalJobComplete() { fSemaphore.signal(); }

void SkPDFDocument::waitForJobs() {
     // fJobCount can increase while we wait.
     while (fJobCount > 0) {
         fSemaphore.wait();
         --fJobCount;
     }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void SkPDF::SetNodeId(SkCanvas* canvas, int nodeID) {
    sk_sp<SkData> payload = SkData::MakeWithCopy(&nodeID, sizeof(nodeID));
    const char* key = SkPDFGetNodeIdKey();
    canvas->drawAnnotation({0, 0, 0, 0}, key, payload.get());
}

sk_sp<SkDocument> SkPDF::MakeDocument(SkWStream* stream, const SkPDF::Metadata& metadata) {
    SkPDF::Metadata meta = metadata;
    if (meta.fRasterDPI <= 0) {
        meta.fRasterDPI = 72.0f;
    }
    if (meta.fEncodingQuality < 0) {
        meta.fEncodingQuality = 0;
    }
    return stream ? sk_make_sp<SkPDFDocument>(stream, std::move(meta)) : nullptr;
}