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1 // Auto-generated file. Do not edit!
2 //   Template: src/f32-sigmoid/neon-lut2048-p1.c.in
3 //   Generator: tools/xngen
4 //
5 // Copyright 2019 Google LLC
6 //
7 // This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
8 // LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
9 
10 #include <assert.h>
11 
12 #include <arm_neon.h>
13 
14 #include <xnnpack/common.h>
15 #include <xnnpack/vunary.h>
16 
17 
18 extern XNN_INTERNAL const float xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[2048];
19 
xnn_f32_sigmoid_ukernel__neonfma_rr1_lut2048_p1_nr2recps_x12(size_t n,const float * x,float * y,const void * params)20 void xnn_f32_sigmoid_ukernel__neonfma_rr1_lut2048_p1_nr2recps_x12(
21     size_t n,
22     const float* x,
23     float* y,
24     const void* params)
25 {
26   assert(n % sizeof(float) == 0);
27 
28   const float32x4_t vmagic_bias = vmovq_n_f32(0x1.800000p23f);
29   // The largest z for which sigmoidf(-z) is normalized.
30   // This number is also the largest z for which expf(-z) is normalized.
31   const float32x4_t vdenorm_cutoff = vmovq_n_f32(0x1.5D589Ep+6f);
32   const float32x4_t vminus_log2e_x2048  = vmovq_n_f32(-0x1.715476p11f);
33   const float32x4_t vln2_o2048 = vmovq_n_f32(0x1.62E43p-12f);
34   const float32x4_t vone = vmovq_n_f32(1.0f);
35 
36   const float32x4_t vc1 = vmovq_n_f32(-0x1.FFFFFEp-1f);
37 
38   const int32x4_t vindex_mask = vmovq_n_s32(INT32_C(0x7FF));
39 
40   for (; n >= 12 * sizeof(float); n -= 12 * sizeof(float)) {
41     const float32x4_t vx0123 = vld1q_f32(x); x += 4;
42     const float32x4_t vx4567 = vld1q_f32(x); x += 4;
43     const float32x4_t vx89AB = vld1q_f32(x); x += 4;
44 
45     // General structure of the algorithm:
46     //           / exp(x) / (1 + exp(x)) if x <= 0
47     //   f[x] :=
48     //           \ 1 - f[-x] if x >= 0
49     //
50     // First we compute f[-z] := exp(-z) / (1 + exp(-z)) where z = abs(x),
51     // then replace result with 1 - f[-z] if x >= 0.
52     const float32x4_t vz0123 = vabsq_f32(vx0123);
53     const float32x4_t vz4567 = vabsq_f32(vx4567);
54     const float32x4_t vz89AB = vabsq_f32(vx89AB);
55 
56     // Compute reduced argument n := round(-z * 2048 / log(2)).
57     // We do it by adding a large number (magic bias), which cause rounding of the result to an integer, then subtracing
58     // the large number back. The first addition is combined with multiplication by log2e into a single FMA instruction.
59     // The trick with adding large number is valid only within certain bounds (|z * 2048 / log(2)| <= 2**22, i.e.
60     // |z| <= 0x1.62E43p+10 = 1419.5654296875), but that is acceptable, because inputs x outside of
61     // [-87.336544, 17.328678] (i.e. z outsize [0, 87.336544]) underflow or saturate sigmoidf(x). We fixup the result
62     // for such inputs at the very end of the algorithm.
63     float32x4_t vn0123 = vfmaq_f32(vmagic_bias, vz0123, vminus_log2e_x2048);
64     float32x4_t vn4567 = vfmaq_f32(vmagic_bias, vz4567, vminus_log2e_x2048);
65     float32x4_t vn89AB = vfmaq_f32(vmagic_bias, vz89AB, vminus_log2e_x2048);
66 
67     // Create a floating-point number s (scale) such that s := 2**(n / 2048) for such inputs that sigmoidf(-z) is
68     // normalized, i.e. 0 <= z <= 87.33642. As n has 11 fractional bits, we split s == 2**(n / 2048) =
69     // = 2**e * 2**(n / 2048 - e), where e := int(n / 2048). We create s in two steps:
70     // 1. Fetch 2**(n / 2048 - e) = 2**(n % 2048) from the table using the 6 low bits of n, as integer. Note that the
71     //    fetched values are in the [1.0, 2.0) range, i.e. their floating-point exponent is 0.
72     // 2. Adjust fecthed value by addition of e to its floating-point exponent. The result is always a normalized
73     //    number, because for 0 <= z <= 87.33642 (inputs for which sigmoidf(-z) is normalized) we have -126 <= e <= 0,
74     //    and thus the adjusted exponent is not lower than -126.
75     //
76     // Extract e from bits 11:19 of n and shift it into bits 23:31 (position of floating-point exponent).
77     const int32x4_t ve0123 = vshlq_n_s32(vbicq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vn0123), vmovq_n_s32(INT32_C(0x7FF))), 12);
78     const int32x4_t ve4567 = vshlq_n_s32(vbicq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vn4567), vmovq_n_s32(INT32_C(0x7FF))), 12);
79     const int32x4_t ve89AB = vshlq_n_s32(vbicq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vn89AB), vmovq_n_s32(INT32_C(0x7FF))), 12);
80 
81     // Use bits 0:11 bits of n, as integer, as an index for table lookup of l := 2**(n % 2048).
82     const uint64x2_t vidx0123 = vreinterpretq_u64_s32(vandq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vn0123), vindex_mask));
83     const uint64x2_t vidx4567 = vreinterpretq_u64_s32(vandq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vn4567), vindex_mask));
84     const uint64x2_t vidx89AB = vreinterpretq_u64_s32(vandq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vn89AB), vindex_mask));
85 
86     const uint64_t vidx01 = vgetq_lane_u64(vidx0123, 0);
87     const uint64_t vidx23 = vgetq_lane_u64(vidx0123, 1);
88     float32x2_t vl01 = vld1_dup_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) vidx01]);
89     float32x2_t vl23 = vld1_dup_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) vidx23]);
90     const uint64_t vidx45 = vgetq_lane_u64(vidx4567, 0);
91     const uint64_t vidx67 = vgetq_lane_u64(vidx4567, 1);
92     float32x2_t vl45 = vld1_dup_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) vidx45]);
93     float32x2_t vl67 = vld1_dup_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) vidx67]);
94     const uint64_t vidx89 = vgetq_lane_u64(vidx89AB, 0);
95     const uint64_t vidxAB = vgetq_lane_u64(vidx89AB, 1);
96     float32x2_t vl89 = vld1_dup_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) vidx89]);
97     float32x2_t vlAB = vld1_dup_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) vidxAB]);
98 
99     vl01 = vld1_lane_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) (vidx01 >> 32)], vl01, 1);
100     vl23 = vld1_lane_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) (vidx23 >> 32)], vl23, 1);
101     const float32x4_t vl0123 = vcombine_f32(vl01, vl23);
102     vl45 = vld1_lane_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) (vidx45 >> 32)], vl45, 1);
103     vl67 = vld1_lane_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) (vidx67 >> 32)], vl67, 1);
104     const float32x4_t vl4567 = vcombine_f32(vl45, vl67);
105     vl89 = vld1_lane_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) (vidx89 >> 32)], vl89, 1);
106     vlAB = vld1_lane_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) (vidxAB >> 32)], vlAB, 1);
107     const float32x4_t vl89AB = vcombine_f32(vl89, vlAB);
108 
109     // Adjust exponent of the value l fetched from the table to get the final s value.
110     const float32x4_t vs0123 = vreinterpretq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vl0123), ve0123));
111     const float32x4_t vs4567 = vreinterpretq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vl4567), ve4567));
112     const float32x4_t vs89AB = vreinterpretq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vl89AB), ve89AB));
113 
114     // Subtract the large number back to get the final n := round(-z * 2048 / log(2)) as a floating-point number.
115     vn0123 = vsubq_f32(vn0123, vmagic_bias);
116     vn4567 = vsubq_f32(vn4567, vmagic_bias);
117     vn89AB = vsubq_f32(vn89AB, vmagic_bias);
118 
119     // Compute reduced argument t := (z + n * log(2) / 2048). Note that -t = -z - n * log(2) / 2048.
120     float32x4_t vt0123 = vfmaq_f32(vz0123, vn0123, vln2_o2048);
121     float32x4_t vt4567 = vfmaq_f32(vz4567, vn4567, vln2_o2048);
122     float32x4_t vt89AB = vfmaq_f32(vz89AB, vn89AB, vln2_o2048);
123 
124     // Compute degree-1 polynomial approximation for exp(-t) on [-log(2)/2048, log(2)/2048]:
125     //   P1(t) = 1 + t * c1
126     const float32x4_t vp0123 = vmulq_f32(vt0123, vc1);
127     const float32x4_t vp4567 = vmulq_f32(vt4567, vc1);
128     const float32x4_t vp89AB = vmulq_f32(vt89AB, vc1);
129 
130     // Reconstruct the exp(-z) value:
131     //   y = s * (1 + t * c1)
132     //     = s + s * (t * c1))
133     //     = s + s * p
134     const float32x4_t vy0123 = vfmaq_f32(vs0123, vs0123, vp0123);
135     const float32x4_t vy4567 = vfmaq_f32(vs4567, vs4567, vp4567);
136     const float32x4_t vy89AB = vfmaq_f32(vs89AB, vs89AB, vp89AB);
137 
138     // Denominator of the sigmoid fraction: 1.0 + exp(-z)
139     const float32x4_t vd0123 = vaddq_f32(vy0123, vone);
140     const float32x4_t vd4567 = vaddq_f32(vy4567, vone);
141     const float32x4_t vd89AB = vaddq_f32(vy89AB, vone);
142 
143     // Use Newton-Raphson method (2 iterations) to compute reciprocal of denominator.
144     // Note: 1 < d <= 2, because z >= 0.0 and 0 < exp(-z) <= 1.0.
145     // Thus the reciprocal of the denominator never overflows.
146     float32x4_t vr0123 = vrecpeq_f32(vd0123);
147     float32x4_t vr4567 = vrecpeq_f32(vd4567);
148     float32x4_t vr89AB = vrecpeq_f32(vd89AB);
149 
150     vr0123 = vmulq_f32(vr0123, vrecpsq_f32(vr0123, vd0123));
151     vr4567 = vmulq_f32(vr4567, vrecpsq_f32(vr4567, vd4567));
152     vr89AB = vmulq_f32(vr89AB, vrecpsq_f32(vr89AB, vd89AB));
153 
154     vr0123 = vmulq_f32(vr0123, vrecpsq_f32(vr0123, vd0123));
155     vr4567 = vmulq_f32(vr4567, vrecpsq_f32(vr4567, vd4567));
156     vr89AB = vmulq_f32(vr89AB, vrecpsq_f32(vr89AB, vd89AB));
157 
158     // Reconstruct sigmoid(-z) = exp(-z) / (1.0 + exp(-z))
159     float32x4_t vf0123 = vmulq_f32(vy0123, vr0123);
160     float32x4_t vf4567 = vmulq_f32(vy4567, vr4567);
161     float32x4_t vf89AB = vmulq_f32(vy89AB, vr89AB);
162 
163     // For inputs below denormal cutoff, replace output with +0.0f.
164     // Note that for NaN inputs, comparison result is false, and outputs are left unchanged.
165     vf0123 = vreinterpretq_f32_u32(vbicq_u32(vreinterpretq_u32_f32(vf0123), vcagtq_f32(vx0123, vdenorm_cutoff)));
166     vf4567 = vreinterpretq_f32_u32(vbicq_u32(vreinterpretq_u32_f32(vf4567), vcagtq_f32(vx4567, vdenorm_cutoff)));
167     vf89AB = vreinterpretq_f32_u32(vbicq_u32(vreinterpretq_u32_f32(vf89AB), vcagtq_f32(vx89AB, vdenorm_cutoff)));
168 
169     // Reconstruct sigmoid(x) = x < 0 ? sigmoid(-z) : 1.0 - sigmoid(-z)
170     const uint32x4_t vm0123 = vcltq_f32(vx0123, vmovq_n_f32(0.0f));
171     const uint32x4_t vm4567 = vcltq_f32(vx4567, vmovq_n_f32(0.0f));
172     const uint32x4_t vm89AB = vcltq_f32(vx89AB, vmovq_n_f32(0.0f));
173 
174     vf0123 = vbslq_f32(vm0123, vf0123, vsubq_f32(vone, vf0123));
175     vf4567 = vbslq_f32(vm4567, vf4567, vsubq_f32(vone, vf4567));
176     vf89AB = vbslq_f32(vm89AB, vf89AB, vsubq_f32(vone, vf89AB));
177 
178     vst1q_f32(y, vf0123); y += 4;
179     vst1q_f32(y, vf4567); y += 4;
180     vst1q_f32(y, vf89AB); y += 4;
181   }
182   for (; n >= 4 * sizeof(float); n -= 4 * sizeof(float)) {
183     const float32x4_t vx = vld1q_f32(x); x += 4;
184 
185     // General structure of the algorithm:
186     //           / exp(x) / (1 + exp(x)) if x <= 0
187     //   f[x] :=
188     //           \ 1 - f[-x] if x >= 0
189     //
190     // First we compute f[-z] := exp(-z) / (1 + exp(-z)) where z = abs(x),
191     // then replace result with 1 - f[-z] if x >= 0.
192     const float32x4_t vz = vabsq_f32(vx);
193 
194     // Compute reduced argument n := round(-z * 2048 / log(2)).
195     // We do it by adding a large number (magic bias), which cause rounding of the result to an integer, then subtracing
196     // the large number back. The first addition is combined with multiplication by log2e into a single FMA instruction.
197     // The trick with adding large number is valid only within certain bounds (|z * 2048 / log(2)| <= 2**22, i.e.
198     // |z| <= 0x1.62E43p+10 = 1419.5654296875), but that is acceptable, because inputs x outside of
199     // [-87.336544, 17.328678] (i.e. z outsize [0, 87.336544]) underflow or saturate sigmoidf(x). We fixup the result
200     // for such inputs at the very end of the algorithm.
201     float32x4_t vn = vfmaq_f32(vmagic_bias, vz, vminus_log2e_x2048);
202 
203     // Create a floating-point number s (scale) such that s := 2**(n / 2048) for such inputs that sigmoidf(-z) is
204     // normalized, i.e. 0 <= z <= 87.33642. As n has 11 fractional bits, we split s == 2**(n / 2048) =
205     // = 2**e * 2**(n / 2048 - e), where e := int(n / 2048). We create s in two steps:
206     // 1. Fetch 2**(n / 2048 - e) = 2**(n % 2048) from exp2_k_over_2048_table using the 6 low bits of n, as integer. Note that the
207     //    fetched values are in the [1.0, 2.0) range, i.e. their floating-point exponent is 0.
208     // 2. Adjust fecthed value by addition of e to its floating-point exponent. The result is always a normalized
209     //    number, because for 0 <= z <= 87.33642 (inputs for which sigmoidf(-z) is normalized) we have -126 <= e <= 0,
210     //    and thus the adjusted exponent is not lower than -126.
211     //
212     // Extract e from bits 11:19 of n and shift it into bits 23:31 (position of floating-point exponent).
213     const int32x4_t ve = vshlq_n_s32(vbicq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vn), vmovq_n_s32(INT32_C(0x7FF))), 12);
214 
215     // Use bits 0:11 bits of n, as integer, as an index for table lookup of l := 2**(n % 2048).
216     const uint64x2_t vidx = vreinterpretq_u64_s32(vandq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vn), vindex_mask));
217     const uint64_t vidx_lo = vgetq_lane_u64(vidx, 0);
218     const uint64_t vidx_hi = vgetq_lane_u64(vidx, 1);
219     float32x2_t vl_lo = vld1_dup_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) vidx_lo]);
220     float32x2_t vl_hi = vld1_dup_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) vidx_hi]);
221     vl_lo = vld1_lane_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) (vidx_lo >> 32)], vl_lo, 1);
222     vl_hi = vld1_lane_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) (vidx_hi >> 32)], vl_hi, 1);
223     const float32x4_t vl = vcombine_f32(vl_lo, vl_hi);
224     // Adjust exponent of the value l fetched from the exp2_k_over_2048_table to get the final s value.
225     const float32x4_t vs = vreinterpretq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vl), ve));
226 
227     // Subtract the large number back to get the final n := round(-z * 2048 / log(2)) as a floating-point number.
228     vn = vsubq_f32(vn, vmagic_bias);
229 
230     // Compute reduced argument t := (z + n * log(2) / 2048). Note that -t = -z - n * log(2) / 2048.
231     float32x4_t vt = vfmaq_f32(vz, vn, vln2_o2048);
232 
233     // Compute degree-1 polynomial approximation for exp(-t) on [-log(2)/2048, log(2)/2048]:
234     //   P1(t) = 1 + t * c1
235     const float32x4_t vp = vmulq_f32(vt, vc1);
236 
237     // Reconstruct the exp(-z) value:
238     //   y = s * (1 + t * c1)
239     //     = s + s * (t * c1))
240     //     = s + s * p
241     const float32x4_t vy = vfmaq_f32(vs, vs, vp);
242 
243     // Denominator of the sigmoid fraction: 1.0 + exp(-z)
244     const float32x4_t vd = vaddq_f32(vy, vone);
245 
246     // Use Newton-Raphson method (2 iterations) to compute reciprocal of denominator.
247     // Note: 1 < d <= 2, because z >= 0.0 and 0 < exp(-z) <= 1.0.
248     // Thus the reciprocal of the denominator never overflows.
249     float32x4_t vr = vrecpeq_f32(vd);
250 
251     vr = vmulq_f32(vr, vrecpsq_f32(vr, vd));
252 
253     vr = vmulq_f32(vr, vrecpsq_f32(vr, vd));
254 
255     // Reconstruct sigmoid(-z) = exp(-z) / (1.0 + exp(-z))
256     float32x4_t vf = vmulq_f32(vy, vr);
257 
258     // For inputs below denormal cutoff, replace output with +0.0f.
259     // Note that for NaN inputs, comparison result is false, and outputs are left unchanged.
260     vf = vreinterpretq_f32_u32(vbicq_u32(vreinterpretq_u32_f32(vf), vcagtq_f32(vx, vdenorm_cutoff)));
261 
262     // Reconstruct sigmoid(x) = x < 0 ? sigmoid(-z) : 1.0 - sigmoid(-z)
263     const uint32x4_t vm = vcltq_f32(vx, vmovq_n_f32(0.0f));
264     vf = vbslq_f32(vm, vf, vsubq_f32(vone, vf));
265 
266     vst1q_f32(y, vf); y += 4;
267   }
268   if XNN_UNLIKELY(n != 0) {
269     const float32x4_t vx = vld1q_f32(x);
270 
271     // General structure of the algorithm:
272     //           / exp(x) / (1 + exp(x)) if x <= 0
273     //   f[x] :=
274     //           \ 1 - f[-x] if x >= 0
275     //
276     // First we compute f[-z] := exp(-z) / (1 + exp(-z)) where z = abs(x),
277     // then replace result with 1 - f[-z] if x >= 0.
278     const float32x4_t vz = vabsq_f32(vx);
279 
280     // Compute reduced argument n := round(-z * 2048 / log(2)).
281     // We do it by adding a large number (magic bias), which cause rounding of the result to an integer, then subtracing
282     // the large number back. The first addition is combined with multiplication by log2e into a single FMA instruction.
283     // The trick with adding large number is valid only within certain bounds (|z * 2048 / log(2)| <= 2**22, i.e.
284     // |z| <= 0x1.62E43p+10 = 1419.5654296875), but that is acceptable, because inputs x outside of
285     // [-87.336544, 17.328678] (i.e. z outsize [0, 87.336544]) underflow or saturate sigmoidf(x). We fixup the result
286     // for such inputs at the very end of the algorithm.
287     float32x4_t vn = vfmaq_f32(vmagic_bias, vz, vminus_log2e_x2048);
288 
289     // Create a floating-point number s (scale) such that s := 2**(n / 2048) for such inputs that sigmoidf(-z) is
290     // normalized, i.e. 0 <= z <= 87.33642. As n has 11 fractional bits, we split s == 2**(n / 2048) =
291     // = 2**e * 2**(n / 2048 - e), where e := int(n / 2048). We create s in two steps:
292     // 1. Fetch 2**(n / 2048 - e) = 2**(n % 2048) from exp2_k_over_2048_table using the 6 low bits of n, as integer. Note that the
293     //    fetched values are in the [1.0, 2.0) range, i.e. their floating-point exponent is 0.
294     // 2. Adjust fecthed value by addition of e to its floating-point exponent. The result is always a normalized
295     //    number, because for 0 <= z <= 87.33642 (inputs for which sigmoidf(-z) is normalized) we have -126 <= e <= 0,
296     //    and thus the adjusted exponent is not lower than -126.
297     //
298     // Extract e from bits 11:19 of n and shift it into bits 23:31 (position of floating-point exponent).
299     const int32x4_t ve = vshlq_n_s32(vbicq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vn), vmovq_n_s32(INT32_C(0x7FF))), 12);
300 
301     // Use bits 0:11 bits of n, as integer, as an index for table lookup of l := 2**(n % 2048).
302     const uint64x2_t vidx = vreinterpretq_u64_s32(vandq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vn), vindex_mask));
303     const uint64_t vidx_lo = vgetq_lane_u64(vidx, 0);
304     const uint64_t vidx_hi = vgetq_lane_u64(vidx, 1);
305     float32x2_t vl_lo = vld1_dup_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) vidx_lo]);
306     float32x2_t vl_hi = vld1_dup_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) vidx_hi]);
307     vl_lo = vld1_lane_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) (vidx_lo >> 32)], vl_lo, 1);
308     vl_hi = vld1_lane_f32(&xnn_table_exp2_k_over_2048[(uint32_t) (vidx_hi >> 32)], vl_hi, 1);
309     const float32x4_t vl = vcombine_f32(vl_lo, vl_hi);
310     // Adjust exponent of the value l fetched from the exp2_k_over_2048_table to get the final s value.
311     const float32x4_t vs = vreinterpretq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_f32(vl), ve));
312 
313     // Subtract the large number back to get the final n := round(-z * 2048 / log(2)) as a floating-point number.
314     vn = vsubq_f32(vn, vmagic_bias);
315 
316     // Compute reduced argument t := (z + n * log(2) / 2048). Note that -t = -z - n * log(2) / 2048.
317     float32x4_t vt = vfmaq_f32(vz, vn, vln2_o2048);
318 
319     // Compute degree-1 polynomial approximation for exp(-t) on [-log(2)/2048, log(2)/2048]:
320     //   P1(t) = 1 + t * c1
321     const float32x4_t vp = vmulq_f32(vt, vc1);
322 
323     // Reconstruct the exp(-z) value:
324     //   y = s * (1 + t * c1)
325     //     = s + s * (t * c1))
326     //     = s + s * p
327     const float32x4_t vy = vfmaq_f32(vs, vs, vp);
328 
329     // Denominator of the sigmoid fraction: 1.0 + exp(-z)
330     const float32x4_t vd = vaddq_f32(vy, vone);
331 
332     // Use Newton-Raphson method (2 iterations) to compute reciprocal of denominator.
333     // Note: 1 < d <= 2, because z >= 0.0 and 0 < exp(-z) <= 1.0.
334     // Thus the reciprocal of the denominator never overflows.
335     float32x4_t vr = vrecpeq_f32(vd);
336 
337     vr = vmulq_f32(vr, vrecpsq_f32(vr, vd));
338 
339     vr = vmulq_f32(vr, vrecpsq_f32(vr, vd));
340 
341     // Reconstruct sigmoid(-z) = exp(-z) / (1.0 + exp(-z))
342     float32x4_t vf = vmulq_f32(vy, vr);
343 
344     // For inputs below denormal cutoff, replace output with +0.0f.
345     // Note that for NaN inputs, comparison result is false, and outputs are left unchanged.
346     vf = vreinterpretq_f32_u32(vbicq_u32(vreinterpretq_u32_f32(vf), vcagtq_f32(vx, vdenorm_cutoff)));
347 
348     // Reconstruct sigmoid(x) = x < 0 ? sigmoid(-z) : 1.0 - sigmoid(-z)
349     const uint32x4_t vm = vcltq_f32(vx, vmovq_n_f32(0.0f));
350     vf = vbslq_f32(vm, vf, vsubq_f32(vone, vf));
351 
352     float32x2_t vf_lo = vget_low_f32(vf);
353     if (n & (2 * sizeof(float))) {
354       vst1_f32(y, vf_lo); y += 2;
355       vf_lo = vget_high_f32(vf);
356     }
357     if (n & (1 * sizeof(float))) {
358       vst1_lane_f32(y, vf_lo, 0);
359     }
360   }
361 }
362