vulkan/chapters/extensions.txt

// Copyright (c) 2015-2018 Khronos Group. This work is licensed under a
// Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License; see
// http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

[[extended-functionality]]
= Extended Functionality

Additional functionality may: be provided by layers or extensions.
A layer cannot: add or modify Vulkan commands, while an extension may: do
so.

The set of layers to enable is specified when creating an instance, and
those layers are able to intercept any Vulkan command dispatched to that
instance or any of its child objects.

Extensions can operate at either the instance or device _extension scope_.
Enabled instance extensions are able to affect the operation of the instance
and any of its child objects, while device extensions may: only be available
on a subset of physical devices, must: be individually enabled per-device,
and only affect the operation of the devices where they are enabled.

[NOTE]
.Note
====
Examples of these might be:

  * Whole API validation is an example of a layer.
  * Debug capabilities might make a good instance extension.
  * A layer that provides implementation-specific performance telemetry and
    analysis could be a layer that is only active for devices created from
    compatible physical devices.
  * Functions to allow an application to use additional implementation
    features beyond the core would be a good candidate for a device
    extension.
====

[[extended-functionality-layers]]
== Layers

When a layer is enabled, it inserts itself into the call chain for Vulkan
commands the layer is interested in.
A common use of layers is to validate application behavior during
development.
For example, the implementation will not check that Vulkan enums used by the
application fall within allowed ranges.
Instead, a validation layer would do those checks and flag issues.
This avoids a performance penalty during production use of the application
because those layers would not be enabled in production.

Vulkan layers may: wrap object handles (i.e. return a different handle value
to the application than that generated by the implementation).
This is generally discouraged, as it increases the probability of
incompatibilities with new extensions.
The validation layers wrap handles in order to track the proper use and
destruction of each object.
See the <<LoaderAndLayerInterface, "`Vulkan Loader Specification and
Architecture Overview`">> document for additional information.

[open,refpage='vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties',desc='Returns up to requested number of global layer properties',type='protos']
--

To query the available layers, call:

include::../api/protos/vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties.txt[]

  * pname:pPropertyCount is a pointer to an integer related to the number of
    layer properties available or queried, as described below.
  * pname:pProperties is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of
    slink:VkLayerProperties structures.

If pname:pProperties is `NULL`, then the number of layer properties
available is returned in pname:pPropertyCount.
Otherwise, pname:pPropertyCount must: point to a variable set by the user to
the number of elements in the pname:pProperties array, and on return the
variable is overwritten with the number of structures actually written to
pname:pProperties.
If pname:pPropertyCount is less than the number of layer properties
available, at most pname:pPropertyCount structures will be written.
If pname:pPropertyCount is smaller than the number of layers available,
ename:VK_INCOMPLETE will be returned instead of ename:VK_SUCCESS, to
indicate that not all the available layer properties were returned.

The list of available layers may change at any time due to actions outside
of the Vulkan implementation, so two calls to
fname:vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties with the same parameters may:
return different results, or retrieve different pname:pPropertyCount values
or pname:pProperties contents.
Once an instance has been created, the layers enabled for that instance will
continue to be enabled and valid for the lifetime of that instance, even if
some of them become unavailable for future instances.

include::../validity/protos/vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties.txt[]
--

[open,refpage='VkLayerProperties',desc='Structure specifying layer properties',type='structs']
--

The sname:VkLayerProperties structure is defined as:

include::../api/structs/VkLayerProperties.txt[]

  * pname:layerName is a null-terminated UTF-8 string specifying the name of
    the layer.
    Use this name in the pname:ppEnabledLayerNames array passed in the
    slink:VkInstanceCreateInfo structure to enable this layer for an
    instance.
  * pname:specVersion is the Vulkan version the layer was written to,
    encoded as described in the <<fundamentals-versionnum,API Version
    Numbers and Semantics>> section.
  * pname:implementationVersion is the version of this layer.
    It is an integer, increasing with backward compatible changes.
  * pname:description is a null-terminated UTF-8 string providing additional
    details that can: be used by the application to identify the layer.

include::../validity/structs/VkLayerProperties.txt[]
--

To enable a layer, the name of the layer should: be added to the
pname:ppEnabledLayerNames member of slink:VkInstanceCreateInfo when creating
a sname:VkInstance.

Loader implementations may: provide mechanisms outside the Vulkan API for
enabling specific layers.
Layers enabled through such a mechanism are _implicitly enabled_, while
layers enabled by including the layer name in the pname:ppEnabledLayerNames
member of slink:VkInstanceCreateInfo are _explicitly enabled_.
Except where otherwise specified, implicitly enabled and explicitly enabled
layers differ only in the way they are enabled.
Explicitly enabling a layer that is implicitly enabled has no additional
effect.


[[extended-functionality-device-layer-deprecation]]
=== Device Layer Deprecation

Previous versions of this specification distinguished between instance and
device layers.
Instance layers were only able to intercept commands that operate on
sname:VkInstance and sname:VkPhysicalDevice, except they were not able to
intercept flink:vkCreateDevice.
Device layers were enabled for individual devices when they were created,
and could only intercept commands operating on that device or its child
objects.

Device-only layers are now deprecated, and this specification no longer
distinguishes between instance and device layers.
Layers are enabled during instance creation, and are able to intercept all
commands operating on that instance or any of its child objects.
At the time of deprecation there were no known device-only layers and no
compelling reason to create one.

In order to maintain compatibility with implementations released prior to
device-layer deprecation, applications should: still enumerate and enable
device layers.
The behavior of fname:vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties and valid usage of
the pname:ppEnabledLayerNames member of sname:VkDeviceCreateInfo maximizes
compatibility with applications written to work with the previous
requirements.

[open,refpage='vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties',desc='Returns properties of available physical device layers',type='protos']
--

To enumerate device layers, call:

include::../api/protos/vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties.txt[]

  * pname:pPropertyCount is a pointer to an integer related to the number of
    layer properties available or queried.
  * pname:pProperties is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of
    slink:VkLayerProperties structures.

If pname:pProperties is `NULL`, then the number of layer properties
available is returned in pname:pPropertyCount.
Otherwise, pname:pPropertyCount must: point to a variable set by the user to
the number of elements in the pname:pProperties array, and on return the
variable is overwritten with the number of structures actually written to
pname:pProperties.
If pname:pPropertyCount is less than the number of layer properties
available, at most pname:pPropertyCount structures will be written.
If pname:pPropertyCount is smaller than the number of layers available,
ename:VK_INCOMPLETE will be returned instead of ename:VK_SUCCESS, to
indicate that not all the available layer properties were returned.

The list of layers enumerated by fname:vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties
must: be exactly the sequence of layers enabled for the instance.
The members of sname:VkLayerProperties for each enumerated layer must: be
the same as the properties when the layer was enumerated by
fname:vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties.

include::../validity/protos/vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties.txt[]
--

The pname:ppEnabledLayerNames and pname:enabledLayerCount members of
sname:VkDeviceCreateInfo are deprecated and their values must: be ignored by
implementations.
However, for compatibility, only an empty list of layers or a list that
exactly matches the sequence enabled at instance creation time are valid,
and validation layers should: issue diagnostics for other cases.

Regardless of the enabled layer list provided in sname:VkDeviceCreateInfo,
the sequence of layers active for a device will be exactly the sequence of
layers enabled when the parent instance was created.


[[extended-functionality-extensions]]
== Extensions

Extensions may: define new Vulkan commands, structures, and enumerants.
For compilation purposes, the interfaces defined by registered extensions,
including new structures and enumerants as well as function pointer types
for new commands, are defined in the Khronos-supplied `vulkan_core.h`
together with the core API.
However, commands defined by extensions may: not be available for static
linking - in which case function pointers to these commands should: be
queried at runtime as described in <<initialization-functionpointers>>.
Extensions may: be provided by layers as well as by a Vulkan implementation.

Because extensions may: extend or change the behavior of the Vulkan API,
extension authors should: add support for their extensions to the Khronos
validation layers.
This is especially important for new commands whose parameters have been
wrapped by the validation layers.
See the <<LoaderAndLayerInterface, "`Vulkan Loader Specification and
Architecture Overview`">> document for additional information.

[NOTE]
.Note
====
Valid Usage sections for individual commands and structures do not currently
contain which extensions have to be enabled in order to make their use
valid, although it might do so in the future.
It is defined only in the <<fundamentals-validusage-extensions>> section.
====

[open,refpage='vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties',desc='Returns up to requested number of global extension properties',type='protos']
--

To query the available instance extensions, call:

include::../api/protos/vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties.txt[]

  * pname:pLayerName is either `NULL` or a pointer to a null-terminated
    UTF-8 string naming the layer to retrieve extensions from.
  * pname:pPropertyCount is a pointer to an integer related to the number of
    extension properties available or queried, as described below.
  * pname:pProperties is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of
    slink:VkExtensionProperties structures.

When pname:pLayerName parameter is `NULL`, only extensions provided by the
Vulkan implementation or by implicitly enabled layers are returned.
When pname:pLayerName is the name of a layer, the instance extensions
provided by that layer are returned.

If pname:pProperties is `NULL`, then the number of extensions properties
available is returned in pname:pPropertyCount.
Otherwise, pname:pPropertyCount must: point to a variable set by the user to
the number of elements in the pname:pProperties array, and on return the
variable is overwritten with the number of structures actually written to
pname:pProperties.
If pname:pPropertyCount is less than the number of extension properties
available, at most pname:pPropertyCount structures will be written.
If pname:pPropertyCount is smaller than the number of extensions available,
ename:VK_INCOMPLETE will be returned instead of ename:VK_SUCCESS, to
indicate that not all the available properties were returned.

Because the list of available layers may change externally between calls to
pname:vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties, two calls may retrieve
different results if a pname:pLayerName is available in one call but not in
another.
The extensions supported by a layer may also change between two calls, e.g.
if the layer implementation is replaced by a different version between those
calls.

include::../validity/protos/vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties.txt[]
--

To enable an instance extension, the name of the extension should: be added
to the pname:ppEnabledExtensionNames member of slink:VkInstanceCreateInfo
when creating a sname:VkInstance.

Enabling an extension does not change behavior of functionality exposed by
the core Vulkan API or any other extension, other than making valid the use
of the commands, enums and structures defined by that extension.

[open,refpage='vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties',desc='Returns properties of available physical device extensions',type='protos']
--

To query the extensions available to a given physical device, call:

include::../api/protos/vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties.txt[]

  * pname:physicalDevice is the physical device that will be queried.
  * pname:pLayerName is either `NULL` or a pointer to a null-terminated
    UTF-8 string naming the layer to retrieve extensions from.
  * pname:pPropertyCount is a pointer to an integer related to the number of
    extension properties available or queried, and is treated in the same
    fashion as the
    flink:vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties::pname:pPropertyCount
    parameter.
  * pname:pProperties is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of
    slink:VkExtensionProperties structures.

When pname:pLayerName parameter is `NULL`, only extensions provided by the
Vulkan implementation or by implicitly enabled layers are returned.
When pname:pLayerName is the name of a layer, the device extensions provided
by that layer are returned.

include::../validity/protos/vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties.txt[]
--

[open,refpage='VkExtensionProperties',desc='Structure specifying an extension properties',type='structs']
--

The sname:VkExtensionProperties structure is defined as:

include::../api/structs/VkExtensionProperties.txt[]

  * pname:extensionName is a null-terminated string specifying the name of
    the extension.
  * pname:specVersion is the version of this extension.
    It is an integer, incremented with backward compatible changes.

include::../validity/structs/VkExtensionProperties.txt[]
--


[[extended-functionality-instance-extensions-and-devices]]
=== Instance Extensions and Device Extensions

This section provides some guidelines and rules for when to expose new
functionality as an instance extension, as a device extension, or as both.
The decision depends on the scope of the new functionality; such as whether
it extends instance-level or device-level functionality.
All Vulkan commands, structures, and enumerants are considered either
instance-level, physical-device-level, or device-level.

New instance-level extension functionality must: be structured within an
instance extension.
New device-level extension functionality may: be structured within a device
extension.
Vulkan 1.0 initially required all new physical-device-level extension
functionality to be structured within an instance extension.
ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2[]
In order to avoid using an instance extension, which often requires loader
support, physical-device-level extension functionality may: be implemented
within device extensions (which must: depend on the
`<<VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2>>` extension, or on Vulkan 1.1 or
later).
endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2[]


[[extended-functionality-extensions-dependencies]]
== Extension Dependencies

Some extensions are dependent on other extensions to function.
To enable extensions with dependencies, such _required extensions_ must:
also be enabled through the same API mechanisms when creating an instance
with flink:vkCreateInstance or a device with flink:vkCreateDevice.
Each extension which has such dependencies documents them in the
<<extensions, appendix summarizing that extension>>.

If an extension is supported (as queried by
flink:vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties or
flink:vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties), then _required extensions_ of
that extension must: also be supported for the same instance or physical
device.

Any device extension that has an instance extension dependency that is not
enabled by flink:vkCreateInstance is considered to be unsupported, hence it
must: not be returned by flink:vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties for any
slink:VkPhysicalDevice child of the instance.


[[extended-functionality-extensions-compatibility]]
== Extension Compatibility

By default, all extensions are considered compatible with each other and any
core API version, unless otherwise stated.
Thus enabling such extensions does not otherwise alter the behavior of the
application.

Each extension that is mutually exclusive or otherwise incompatible with
another extension or set of extensions documents them in the <<extensions,
appendix summarizing that extension>> and has a corresponding Valid Usage
statement disallowing enabling such an incompatible combination of
extensions at sname:VkInstance creation time or sname:VkDevice creation
time, depending on the type of extensions participating in the interaction.