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446} 447h3.title { 448 border-bottom: solid 2px black; 449} 450--></style> 451 </head> 452 <body> 453<!-- 454 PostScript printer driver documentation for CUPS. 455 456 Copyright © 2007-2012 by Apple Inc. 457 Copyright © 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products. 458 459 Licensed under Apache License v2.0. See the file "LICENSE" for more 460 information. 461--> 462 463<h1 class='title'>Developing PostScript Printer Drivers</h1> 464 465<p>This document describes how to develop printer drivers for PostScript printers. Topics include: <a href='#BASICS'>printer driver basics</a>, <a href='#CREATE'>creating new PPD files</a>, <a href='#IMPORT'>importing existing PPD files</a>, <a href='#FILTERS'>using custom filters</a>, <a href='#COLOR'>implementing color management</a>, and <a href='#MACOSX'>adding macOS features</a>.</p> 466 467<div class='summary'><table summary='General Information'> 468<tbody> 469<tr> 470 <th>See Also</th> 471 <td>Programming: <a href='raster-driver.html'>Developing Raster Printer Drivers</a><br> 472 Programming: <a href='api-filter.html'>Filter and Backend Programming</a><br> 473 Programming: <a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a><br> 474 Programming: <a href='api-raster.html'>Raster API</a><br> 475 References: <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html'>PPD Compiler Driver Information File Reference</a><br> 476 Specifications: <a href='spec-ppd.html'>CUPS PPD Extensions</a></td> 477</tr> 478</tbody> 479</table></div> 480 <div class="contents"> 481 <h2 class="title">Contents</h2> 482 <ul class="contents"> 483 <li><a href="#BASICS">Printer Driver Basics</a></li> 484 <li><a href="#CREATING">Creating New PPD Files</a><ul class="subcontents"> 485 <li><a href="#IMPORT">Importing Existing PPD Files</a></li> 486 </ul></li> 487 <li><a href="#FILTERS">Using Custom Filters</a></li> 488 <li><a href="#COLOR">Implementing Color Management</a></li> 489 <li><a href="#MACOSX">Adding macOS Features</a></li> 490 </ul> 491 </div> 492 <div class="body"> 493<h2 class='title'><a name='BASICS'>Printer Driver Basics</a></h2> 494 495<p>A CUPS PostScript printer driver consists of a PostScript Printer Description (PPD) file that describes the features and capabilities of the device, zero or more <em>filter</em> programs that prepare print data for the device, and zero or more support files for color management, online help, and so forth. The PPD file includes references to all of the filters and support files used by the driver.</p> 496 497<p>Every time a user prints something the scheduler program, <a href='man-cupsd.html'>cupsd(8)</a>, determines the format of the print job and the programs required to convert that job into something the printer understands. CUPS includes filter programs for many common formats, for example to convert Portable Document Format (PDF) files into device-independent PostScript, and then from device-independent PostScript to device-dependent PostScript. <a href='#FIGURE_1'>Figure 1</a> shows the data flow of a typical print job.</p> 498 499<div class='figure'><table summary='PostScript Filter Chain'> 500<caption>Figure 1: <a name='FIGURE_1'>PostScript Filter Chain</a></caption> 501<tr><td><img src='../images/cups-postscript-chain.png' width='700' height='150' alt='PostScript Filter Chain'></td></tr> 502</table></div> 503 504<p>The optional PostScript filter can be provided to add printer-specific commands to the PostScript output that cannot be represented in the PPD file or to reorganize the output for special printer features. Typically this is used to support advanced job management or finishing functions on the printer. CUPS includes a generic PostScript filter that handles all PPD-defined commands.</p> 505 506<p>The optional port monitor handles interface-specific protocol or encoding issues. For example, many PostScript printers support the Binary Communications Protocol (BCP) and Tagged Binary Communications Protocol (TBCP) to allow applications to print 8-bit ("binary") PostScript jobs. CUPS includes port monitors for BCP and TBCP, and you can supply your own port monitors as needed.</p> 507 508<p>The backend handles communications with the printer, sending print data from the last filter to the printer and relaying back-channel data from the printer to the upstream filters. CUPS includes backend programs for common direct-connect interfaces and network protocols, and you can provide your own backend to support custom interfaces and protocols.</p> 509 510<p>The scheduler also supports a special "command" file format for sending maintenance commands and status queries to a printer or printer driver. Command print jobs typically use a single command filter program defined in the PPD file to generate the appropriate printer commands and handle any responses from the printer. <a href='#FIGURE_2'>Figure 2</a> shows the data flow of a typical command job.</p> 511 512<div class='figure'><table summary='Command Filter Chain'> 513<caption>Figure 2: <a name='FIGURE_2'>Command Filter Chain</a></caption> 514<tr><td><img src='../images/cups-command-chain.png' width='575' height='150' alt='Command Filter Chain'></td></tr> 515</table></div> 516 517<p>PostScript printer drivers typically do not require their own command filter since CUPS includes a generic PostScript command filter that supports all of the standard functions using PPD-defined commands.</p> 518 519 520<h2 class='title'><a name='CREATING'>Creating New PPD Files</a></h2> 521 522<p>We recommend using the CUPS PPD compiler, <a href='man-ppdc.html'>ppdc(1)</a>, to create new PPD files since it manages many of the tedious (and error-prone!) details of paper sizes and localization for you. It also allows you to easily support multiple devices from a single source file. For more information see the "<a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a>" document. <a href='#LISTING_1'>Listing 1</a> shows a driver information file for a black-and-white PostScript printer.</p> 523 524<p class='example'>Listing 1: <a name='LISTING_1'>"examples/postscript.drv"</a></p> 525 526<pre class='example'> 527// Include standard font and media definitions 528<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> <font.defs> 529<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> <media.defs> 530 531// Specify this is a PostScript printer driver 532<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> ps 533 534// List the fonts that are supported, in this case all standard fonts 535<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Font'>Font</a> * 536 537// Manufacturer, model name, and version 538<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Manufacturer'>Manufacturer</a> "Foo" 539<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "Foo LaserProofer 2000" 540<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Version'>Version</a> 1.0 541 542// PostScript printer attributes 543<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> DefaultColorSpace "" Gray 544<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> LandscapeOrientation "" Minus90 545<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> LanguageLevel "" "3" 546<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> Product "" "(Foo LaserProofer 2000)" 547<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> PSVersion "" "(3010) 0" 548<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> TTRasterizer "" Type42 549 550// Supported page sizes 551*<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Letter 552<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Legal 553<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A4 554 555// Query command for page size 556<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> "?PageSize" "" " 557 save 558 currentpagedevice /PageSize get aload pop 559 2 copy gt {exch} if (Unknown) 560 23 dict 561 dup [612 792] (Letter) put 562 dup [612 1008] (Legal) put 563 dup [595 842] (A4) put 564 {exch aload pop 4 index sub abs 5 le exch 565 5 index sub abs 5 le and 566 {exch pop exit} {pop} ifelse 567 } bind forall = flush pop pop 568 restore" 569 570// Specify the name of the PPD file we want to generate 571<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "fooproof.ppd" 572</pre> 573 574<h3>Required Attributes</h3> 575 576<p>PostScript drivers require the attributes listed in <a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a>. If not specified, the defaults for CUPS drivers are used. A typical PostScript driver information file would include the following attributes:</p> 577 578<pre class='example'> 579<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> DefaultColorSpace "" Gray 580<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> LandscapeOrientation "" Minus90 581<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> LanguageLevel "" "3" 582<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> Product "" "(Foo LaserProofer 2000)" 583<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> PSVersion "" "(3010) 0" 584<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> TTRasterizer "" Type42 585</pre> 586 587<div class='table'><table summary='Required PostScript Printer Driver Attributes'> 588<caption>Table 1: <a name='TABLE_1'>Required PostScript Printer Driver Attributes</a></caption> 589<thead> 590<tr> 591 <th>Attribute</th> 592 <th>Description</th> 593</tr> 594</thead> 595<tbody> 596<tr> 597 <td><tt>DefaultColorSpace</tt></td> 598 <td>The default colorspace: 599 <tt>Gray</tt>, <tt>RGB</tt>, <tt>CMY</tt>, or 600 <tt>CMYK</tt>. If not specified, then <tt>RGB</tt> is 601 assumed.</td> 602</tr> 603<tr> 604 <td><tt>LandscapeOrientation</tt></td> 605 <td>The preferred landscape 606 orientation: <tt>Plus90</tt>, <tt>Minus90</tt>, or 607 <tt>Any</tt>. If not specified, <tt>Plus90</tt> is 608 assumed.</td> 609</tr> 610<tr> 611 <td><tt>LanguageLevel</tt></td> 612 <td>The PostScript language 613 level supported by the device: 1, 2, or 3. If not 614 specified, 2 is assumed.</td> 615</tr> 616<tr> 617 <td><tt>Product</tt></td> 618 <td>The string returned by 619 the PostScript <tt>product</tt> operator, which 620 <i>must</i> include parenthesis to conform with 621 PostScript syntax rules for strings. Multiple 622 <tt>Product</tt> attributes may be specified to support 623 multiple products with the same PPD file. If not 624 specified, "(ESP Ghostscript)" and "(GNU Ghostscript)" 625 are assumed.</td> 626</tr> 627<tr> 628 <td><tt>PSVersion</tt></td> 629 <td>The PostScript 630 interpreter version numbers as returned by the 631 <tt>version</tt> and <tt>revision</tt> operators. The 632 required format is "(version) revision". Multiple 633 <tt>PSVersion</tt> attributes may be specified to 634 support multiple interpreter version numbers. If not 635 specified, "(3010) 705" and "(3010) 707" are 636 assumed.</td> 637</tr> 638<tr> 639 <td><tt>TTRasterizer</tt></td> 640 <td>The type of TrueType 641 font rasterizer supported by the device, if any. The 642 supported values are <tt>None</tt>, <tt>Accept68k</tt>, 643 <tt>Type42</tt>, and <tt>TrueImage</tt>. If not 644 specified, <tt>None</tt> is assumed.</td> 645</tr> 646</table></div> 647 648<h3>Query Commands</h3> 649 650<p>Most PostScript printer PPD files include query commands (<tt>?PageSize</tt>, etc.) that allow applications to query the printer for its current settings and configuration. Query commands are included in driver information files as attributes. For example, the example in <a href='#LISTING_1'>Listing 1</a> uses the following definition for the <tt>PageSize</tt> query command:</p> 651 652<pre class='example'> 653<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> "?PageSize" "" " 654 save 655 currentpagedevice /PageSize get aload pop 656 2 copy gt {exch} if (Unknown) 657 23 dict 658 dup [612 792] (Letter) put 659 dup [612 1008] (Legal) put 660 dup [595 842] (A4) put 661 {exch aload pop 4 index sub abs 5 le exch 662 5 index sub abs 5 le and 663 {exch pop exit} {pop} ifelse 664 } bind forall = flush pop pop 665 restore" 666</pre> 667 668<p>Query commands can span multiple lines, however no single line may contain more than 255 characters.</p> 669 670<h3><a name='IMPORT'>Importing Existing PPD Files</a></h3> 671 672<P>CUPS includes a utility called <a href='man-ppdi.html'>ppdi(1)</a> 673which allows you to import existing PPD files into the driver information file 674format used by the PPD compiler <a href='man-ppdc.html'>ppdc(1)</a>. Once 675imported, you can modify, localize, and regenerate the PPD files easily. Type 676the following command to import the PPD file <VAR>mydevice.ppd</VAR> into the 677driver information file <VAR>mydevice.drv</VAR>:</P> 678 679<pre class='command'> 680ppdi -o mydevice.drv mydevice.ppd 681</pre> 682 683<P>If you have a whole directory of PPD files that you would like to import, 684you can list multiple filenames or use shell wildcards to import more than one 685PPD file on the command-line:</P> 686 687<pre class='command'> 688ppdi -o mydevice.drv mydevice1.ppd mydevice2.ppd 689ppdi -o mydevice.drv *.ppd 690</pre> 691 692<P>If the driver information file already exists, the new PPD 693file entries are appended to the end of the file. Each PPD file 694is placed in its own group of curly braces within the driver 695information file.</P> 696 697 698<h2 class='title'><a name='FILTERS'>Using Custom Filters</a></h2> 699 700<p>Normally a PostScript printer driver will not utilize any additional print filters. For drivers that provide additional filters such as a CUPS command file filter for doing printer maintenance, you must also list the following <tt>Filter</tt> directive to handle printing PostScript files:</p> 701 702<pre class='example'> 703<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-postscript 0 - 704</pre> 705 706<h3>Custom Command Filters</h3> 707 708<p>The <tt>application/vnd.cups-command</tt> file type is used for CUPS command files. Use the following <tt>Filter</tt> directive to handle CUPS command files:</p> 709 710<pre class='example'> 711<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-command 100 /path/to/command/filter 712</pre> 713 714<p>To use the standard PostScript command filter, specify <var>commandtops</var> as the path to the command filter.</p> 715 716<h3>Custom PDF Filters</h3> 717 718<p>The <tt>application/pdf</tt> file type is used for unfiltered PDF files while the <tt>application/vnd.cups-pdf</tt> file type is used for filtered PDF files. Use the following <tt>Filter</tt> directive to handle filtered PDF files:</p> 719 720<pre class='example'> 721<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-pdf 100 /path/to/pdf/filter 722</pre> 723 724<p>For unfiltered PDF files, use:</p> 725 726<pre class='example'> 727<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/pdf 100 /path/to/pdf/filter 728</pre> 729 730<p>Custom PDF filters that accept filtered data do not need to perform number-up processing and other types of page imposition, while those that accept unfiltered data MUST do the number-up processing themselves.</p> 731 732<h3>Custom PostScript Filters</h3> 733 734<p>The <tt>application/vnd.cups-postscript</tt> file type is used for filtered PostScript files. Use the following <tt>Filter</tt> directive to handle PostScript files:</p> 735 736<pre class='example'> 737<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-postscript 100 /path/to/postscript/filter 738</pre> 739 740 741<h2 class='title'><a name='COLOR'>Implementing Color Management</a></h2> 742 743<p>CUPS uses ICC color profiles to provide more accurate color reproduction. The <a href='spec-ppd.html#cupsICCProfile'><tt>cupsICCProfile</tt></a> attribute defines the color profiles that are available for a given printer, for example:</p> 744 745<pre class='example'> 746<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution/Description" /path/to/ICC/profile 747</pre> 748 749<p>where "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution" defines a selector based on the corresponding option selections. A simple driver might only define profiles for the color models that are supported, for example a printer supporting Gray and RGB might use:</p> 750 751<pre class='example'> 752<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "Gray../Grayscale Profile" /path/to/ICC/gray-profile 753<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "RGB../Full Color Profile" /path/to/ICC/rgb-profile 754</pre> 755 756<p>The options used for profile selection can be customized using the <tt>cupsICCQualifier2</tt> and <tt>cupsICCQualifier3</tt> attributes.</p> 757 758 759<h2 class='title'><a name='MACOSX'>Adding macOS Features</a></h2> 760 761<p>macOS printer drivers can provide <a href='spec-ppd.html#MACOSX'>additional attributes</a> to specify additional option panes in the print dialog, an image of the printer, a help book, and option presets for the driver software:</p> 762 763<pre class='example'> 764<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDialogExtension "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.plugin 765<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APHelpBook "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.bundle 766<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterIconPath "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.icns 767<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterPreset "name/text" "*option choice ..." 768</pre> 769 </div> 770 </body> 771</html> 772