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1===================
2Clang-Include-Fixer
3===================
4
5.. contents::
6
7One of the major nuisances of C++ compared to other languages is the manual
8management of ``#include`` directives in any file.
9:program:`clang-include-fixer` addresses one aspect of this problem by providing
10an automated way of adding ``#include`` directives for missing symbols in one
11translation unit.
12
13While inserting missing ``#include``, :program:`clang-include-fixer` adds
14missing namespace qualifiers to all instances of an unidentified symbol if
15the symbol is missing some prefix namespace qualifiers.
16
17Setup
18=====
19
20To use :program:`clang-include-fixer` two databases are required. Both can be
21generated with existing tools.
22
23- Compilation database. Contains the compiler commands for any given file in a
24  project and can be generated by CMake, see `How To Setup Tooling For LLVM`_.
25- Symbol index. Contains all symbol information in a project to match a given
26  identifier to a header file.
27
28Ideally both databases (``compile_commands.json`` and
29``find_all_symbols_db.yaml``) are linked into the root of the source tree they
30correspond to. Then the :program:`clang-include-fixer` can automatically pick
31them up if called with a source file from that tree. Note that by default
32``compile_commands.json`` as generated by CMake does not include header files,
33so only implementation files can be handled by tools.
34
35.. _How To Setup Tooling For LLVM: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/HowToSetupToolingForLLVM.html
36
37Creating a Symbol Index From a Compilation Database
38---------------------------------------------------
39
40The include fixer contains :program:`find-all-symbols`, a tool to create a
41symbol database in YAML format from a compilation database by parsing all
42source files listed in it. The following list of commands shows how to set up a
43database for LLVM, any project built by CMake should follow similar steps.
44
45.. code-block:: console
46
47  $ cd path/to/llvm-build
48  $ ninja find-all-symbols // build find-all-symbols tool.
49  $ ninja clang-include-fixer // build clang-include-fixer tool.
50  $ ls compile_commands.json # Make sure compile_commands.json exists.
51    compile_commands.json
52  $ path/to/llvm/source/clang-tools-extra/clang-include-fixer/find-all-symbols/tool/run-find-all-symbols.py
53    ... wait as clang indexes the code base ...
54  $ ln -s $PWD/find_all_symbols_db.yaml path/to/llvm/source/ # Link database into the source tree.
55  $ ln -s $PWD/compile_commands.json path/to/llvm/source/ # Also link compilation database if it's not there already.
56  $ cd path/to/llvm/source
57  $ /path/to/clang-include-fixer -db=yaml path/to/file/with/missing/include.cpp
58    Added #include "foo.h"
59
60Integrate with Vim
61------------------
62To run `clang-include-fixer` on a potentially unsaved buffer in Vim. Add the
63following key binding to your ``.vimrc``:
64
65.. code-block:: console
66
67  noremap <leader>cf :pyf path/to/llvm/source/clang-tools-extra/clang-include-fixer/tool/clang-include-fixer.py<cr>
68
69This enables `clang-include-fixer` for NORMAL and VISUAL mode. Change
70`<leader>cf` to another binding if you need clang-include-fixer on a different
71key. The `<leader> key
72<http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Mapping_keys_in_Vim_-_Tutorial_(Part_3)#Map_leader>`_
73is a reference to a specific key defined by the mapleader variable and is bound
74to backslash by default.
75
76Make sure vim can find :program:`clang-include-fixer`:
77
78- Add the path to :program:`clang-include-fixer` to the PATH environment variable.
79- Or set ``g:clang_include_fixer_path`` in vimrc: ``let g:clang_include_fixer_path=path/to/clang-include-fixer``
80
81You can customize the number of headers being shown by setting
82``let g:clang_include_fixer_maximum_suggested_headers=5``
83
84Customized settings in `.vimrc`:
85
86- ``let g:clang_include_fixer_path = "clang-include-fixer"``
87
88  Set clang-include-fixer binary file path.
89
90- ``let g:clang_include_fixer_maximum_suggested_headers = 3``
91
92  Set the maximum number of ``#includes`` to show. Default is 3.
93
94- ``let g:clang_include_fixer_increment_num = 5``
95
96  Set the increment number of #includes to show every time when pressing ``m``.
97  Default is 5.
98
99- ``let g:clang_include_fixer_jump_to_include = 0``
100
101  Set to 1 if you want to jump to the new inserted ``#include`` line. Default is
102  0.
103
104- ``let g:clang_include_fixer_query_mode = 0``
105
106  Set to 1 if you want to insert ``#include`` for the symbol under the cursor.
107  Default is 0. Compared to normal mode, this mode won't parse the source file
108  and only search the symbol from database, which is faster than normal mode.
109
110See ``clang-include-fixer.py`` for more details.
111
112Integrate with Emacs
113--------------------
114To run `clang-include-fixer` on a potentially unsaved buffer in Emacs.
115Ensure that Emacs finds ``clang-include-fixer.el`` by adding the directory
116containing the file to the ``load-path`` and requiring the `clang-include-fixer`
117in your ``.emacs``:
118
119.. code-block:: console
120
121 (add-to-list 'load-path "path/to/llvm/source/clang-tools-extra/clang-include-fixer/tool/"
122 (require 'clang-include-fixer)
123
124Within Emacs the tool can be invoked with the command
125``M-x clang-include-fixer``. This will insert the header that defines the
126first undefined symbol; if there is more than one header that would define the
127symbol, the user is prompted to select one.
128
129To include the header that defines the symbol at point, run
130``M-x clang-include-fixer-at-point``.
131
132Make sure Emacs can find :program:`clang-include-fixer`:
133
134- Either add the parent directory of :program:`clang-include-fixer` to the PATH
135  environment variable, or customize the Emacs user option
136  ``clang-include-fixer-executable`` to point to the file name of the program.
137
138How it Works
139============
140
141To get the most information out of Clang at parse time,
142:program:`clang-include-fixer` runs in tandem with the parse and receives
143callbacks from Clang's semantic analysis. In particular it reuses the existing
144support for typo corrections. Whenever Clang tries to correct a potential typo
145it emits a callback to the include fixer which then looks for a corresponding
146file. At this point rich lookup information is still available, which is not
147available in the AST at a later stage.
148
149The identifier that should be typo corrected is then sent to the database, if a
150header file is returned it is added as an include directive at the top of the
151file.
152
153Currently :program:`clang-include-fixer` only inserts a single include at a
154time to avoid getting caught in follow-up errors. If multiple `#include`
155additions are desired the program can be rerun until a fix-point is reached.
156